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Mruthunjaya AKV, Torriero AAJ. Electrochemical Monitoring in Anticoagulation Therapy. Molecules 2024; 29:1453. [PMID: 38611733 PMCID: PMC11012951 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29071453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The process of blood coagulation, wherein circulating blood transforms into a clot in response to an internal or external injury, is a critical physiological mechanism. Monitoring this coagulation process is vital to ensure that blood clotting neither occurs too rapidly nor too slowly. Anticoagulants, a category of medications designed to prevent and treat blood clots, require meticulous monitoring to optimise dosage, enhance clinical outcomes, and minimise adverse effects. This review article delves into the various stages of blood coagulation, explores commonly used anticoagulants and their targets within the coagulation enzyme system, and emphasises the electrochemical methods employed in anticoagulant testing. Electrochemical sensors for anticoagulant monitoring are categorised into two types. The first type focuses on assays measuring thrombin activity via electrochemical techniques. The second type involves modified electrode surfaces that either directly measure the redox behaviours of anticoagulants or monitor the responses of standard redox probes in the presence of these drugs. This review comprehensively lists different electrode compositions and their detection and quantification limits. Additionally, it discusses the potential of employing a universal calibration plot to replace individual drug-specific calibrations. The presented insights are anticipated to significantly contribute to the sensor community's efforts in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Angel A. J. Torriero
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood 3125, Australia
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2
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Belmonte I, White RJ. 3-D printed microfluidics for rapid prototyping and testing of electrochemical, aptamer-based sensor devices under flow conditions. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1192:339377. [PMID: 35057946 PMCID: PMC8931854 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.339377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the ability to rapidly prototype and fabricate an epoxy-embedded electrode platform and microfluidic device suitable for using electrochemical biosensors under flow conditions. We utilize three-dimensional (3-D) printing to rapidly prototype molds to fabricate epoxy-embedded electrodes in addition to molds for rapid prototyping of PDMS microfluidic components. We characterize the bare gold epoxy-embedded electrodes using ferricyanide as a redox indicator and then characterize the performance of an adenosine triphosphate (ATP) specific electrochemical, aptamer-based (E-AB) sensor. We then incorporate the ATP specific E-AB sensors into the microfluidic device to study and take advantage of the dynamic response this class of sensor offers. We were able to flow varying concentrations of target analyte and monitor the dynamic response of the sensors to the changing concentration. This work demonstrates the ability to rapidly prototype E-AB sensors under flow conditions using 3-D printing which can lead to rapid and affordable point-of-care or fieldable applications where dynamic measurements of concentration, specificity and sensitivity and multiplex detection are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israel Belmonte
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221-0172, United States
| | - Ryan J. White
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221-0172, United States,Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221-0172, United States
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Mohammadi Aria M, Erten A, Yalcin O. Technology Advancements in Blood Coagulation Measurements for Point-of-Care Diagnostic Testing. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2019; 7:395. [PMID: 31921804 PMCID: PMC6917661 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, blood coagulation monitoring has become crucial to diagnosing causes of hemorrhages, developing anticoagulant drugs, assessing bleeding risk in extensive surgery procedures and dialysis, and investigating the efficacy of hemostatic therapies. In this regard, advanced technologies such as microfluidics, fluorescent microscopy, electrochemical sensing, photoacoustic detection, and micro/nano electromechanical systems (MEMS/NEMS) have been employed to develop highly accurate, robust, and cost-effective point of care (POC) devices. These devices measure electrochemical, optical, and mechanical parameters of clotting blood. Which can be correlated to light transmission/scattering, electrical impedance, and viscoelastic properties. In this regard, this paper discusses the working principles of blood coagulation monitoring, physical and sensing parameters in different technologies. In addition, we discussed the recent progress in developing nanomaterials for blood coagulation detection and treatments which opens up new area of controlling and monitoring of coagulation at the same time in the future. Moreover, commercial products, future trends/challenges in blood coagulation monitoring including novel anticoagulant therapies, multiplexed sensing platforms, and the application of artificial intelligence in diagnosis and monitoring have been included.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahmet Erten
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Yalcin
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Koc University, Sariyer, Turkey
- Department of Physiology, Koc University School of Medicine, Koc University, Sariyer, Turkey
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4
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Electrochemical and AFM Characterization of G-Quadruplex Electrochemical Biosensors and Applications. J Nucleic Acids 2018; 2018:5307106. [PMID: 29666699 PMCID: PMC5831849 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5307106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Guanine-rich DNA sequences are able to form G-quadruplexes, being involved in important biological processes and representing smart self-assembling nanomaterials that are increasingly used in DNA nanotechnology and biosensor technology. G-quadruplex electrochemical biosensors have received particular attention, since the electrochemical response is particularly sensitive to the DNA structural changes from single-stranded, double-stranded, or hairpin into a G-quadruplex configuration. Furthermore, the development of an increased number of G-quadruplex aptamers that combine the G-quadruplex stiffness and self-assembling versatility with the aptamer high specificity of binding to a variety of molecular targets allowed the construction of biosensors with increased selectivity and sensitivity. This review discusses the recent advances on the electrochemical characterization, design, and applications of G-quadruplex electrochemical biosensors in the evaluation of metal ions, G-quadruplex ligands, and other small organic molecules, proteins, and cells. The electrochemical and atomic force microscopy characterization of G-quadruplexes is presented. The incubation time and cations concentration dependence in controlling the G-quadruplex folding, stability, and nanostructures formation at carbon electrodes are discussed. Different G-quadruplex electrochemical biosensors design strategies, based on the DNA folding into a G-quadruplex, the use of G-quadruplex aptamers, or the use of hemin/G-quadruplex DNAzymes, are revisited.
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Bansal P, Bhanjana G, Prabhakar N, Dhau JS, Chaudhary GR. Electrochemical sensor based on ZrO2 NPs/Au electrode sensing layer for monitoring hydrazine and catechol in real water samples. J Mol Liq 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2017.10.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Fenzl C, Nayak P, Hirsch T, Wolfbeis OS, Alshareef HN, Baeumner AJ. Laser-Scribed Graphene Electrodes for Aptamer-Based Biosensing. ACS Sens 2017; 2:616-620. [PMID: 28723173 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.7b00066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Graphene as a transducer material has produced some of the best-performing sensing approaches to date opening the door toward integrated miniaturized all-carbon point-of-care devices. Addressing this opportunity, laser-scribed graphene (LSG) electrodes are demonstrated here as highly sensitive and reliable biosensor transducers in blood serum analysis. These flexible electrodes with large electrochemical surface areas were fabricated using a direct-write laser process on polyimide foils. A universal immobilization approach is established by anchoring 1-pyrenebutyric acid to the graphene and subsequently covalently attaching an aptamer against the coagulation factor thrombin as an exemplary bioreceptor to the carboxyl groups. The resulting biosensor displays extremely low detection limits of 1 pM in buffer and 5 pM in the complex matrix of serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Fenzl
- Institute
of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, Universitaetsstrasse 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Pranati Nayak
- Materials Science & Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science & Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thomas Hirsch
- Institute
of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, Universitaetsstrasse 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Otto S. Wolfbeis
- Institute
of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, Universitaetsstrasse 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Husam N. Alshareef
- Materials Science & Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science & Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Antje J. Baeumner
- Institute
of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, Universitaetsstrasse 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
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7
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Thakur H, Kaur N, Sareen D, Prabhakar N. Electrochemical determination of M. tuberculosis antigen based on Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) and functionalized carbon nanotubes hybrid platform. Talanta 2017; 171:115-123. [PMID: 28551117 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.04.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
An electrochemical DNA aptasensor for the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) antigen MPT64, was developed using Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) doped with carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The biotinylated aptamer was immobilized onto streptavidin attached to -COOH functionalized CNTs via streptavidin-biotin interaction. Various characterization studies as FT-IR, FE-SEM, EIS and DPV were done to validate each fabrication step of the aptasensor. Optimization studies related to aptamer concentration and response time were performed. The electrochemical signal generated from the aptamer-target molecule interaction was monitored electrochemically by differential pulse voltammetry in the presence of [Fe(CN)6]3-/4- as a redox probe. The aptasensor exhibited limit of detection of 0.5±0.2fgmL-1 within 15min with stability of 27 days at 4°C and reusability of 7 times after repeated regeneration with 50mM NaOH. The potential application of the aptasensor was established by spike-in studies to obtain recovery in between (88-95)%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himkusha Thakur
- Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Navpreet Kaur
- Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Dipti Sareen
- Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Nirmal Prabhakar
- Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.
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8
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Thakur H, Kaur N, Sabherwal P, Sareen D, Prabhakar N. Aptamer based voltammetric biosensor for the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen MPT64. Mikrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-017-2174-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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10
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11
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Meirinho SG, Dias LG, Peres AM, Rodrigues LR. Voltammetric aptasensors for protein disease biomarkers detection: A review. Biotechnol Adv 2016; 34:941-953. [PMID: 27235188 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2016.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
An electrochemical aptasensor is a compact analytical device where the bioreceptor (aptamer) is coupled to a transducer surface to convert a biological interaction into a measurable signal (current) that can be easily processed, recorded and displayed. Since the discovery of the Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Enrichment (SELEX) methodology, the selection of aptamers and their application as bioreceptors has become a promising tool in the design of electrochemical aptasensors. Aptamers present several advantages that highlight their usefulness as bioreceptors such as chemical stability, cost effectiveness and ease of modification towards detection and immobilization at different transducer surfaces. In this review, a special emphasis is given to the potential use of electrochemical aptasensors for the detection of protein disease biomarkers using voltammetry techniques. Methods for the immobilization of aptamers onto electrode surfaces are discussed, as well as different electrochemical strategies that can be used for the design of aptasensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia G Meirinho
- Centre of Biological Engineering (CEB), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
| | - Luís G Dias
- ESA, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; CQ-VR, Centro de Química - Vila Real, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Apartado 1013, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - António M Peres
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Enginerring - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), ESA, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Lígia R Rodrigues
- Centre of Biological Engineering (CEB), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
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Li J, Wang J, Guo X, Zheng Q, Peng J, Tang H, Yao S. Carbon Nanotubes Labeled with Aptamer and Horseradish Peroxidase as a Probe for Highly Sensitive Protein Biosensing by Postelectropolymerization of Insoluble Precipitates on Electrodes. Anal Chem 2015; 87:7610-7. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b00640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Key
Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research
(Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, P. R. China
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Textile, Shaanxi Polytechnic Institute, Xianyang 721000, P. R. China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Key
Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research
(Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Guo
- Key
Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research
(Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, P. R. China
| | - Qiong Zheng
- Key
Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research
(Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, P. R. China
| | - Jing Peng
- Key
Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research
(Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, P. R. China
| | - Hao Tang
- Key
Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research
(Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, P. R. China
| | - Shouzhuo Yao
- Key
Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research
(Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, P. R. China
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
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13
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Gold nanoparticles conjugates-amplified aptamer immunosensing screen-printed carbon electrode strips for thrombin detection. Biosens Bioelectron 2014; 61:336-43. [PMID: 24912033 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2014.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Revised: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Thrombin plays the role in cardiovascular diseases and regulates many processes in inflammation and could be a feature of many pathological conditions, including the thromboembolic disease, cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. An ultrasensitive and amplified electrochemical sandwich assay using screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) strips for thrombin detection was established in this study. The conductivity and sensing performance of the carbon electrodes were enhanced by using gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). The aptamer addressed on the strips was used as a primary probe to capture thrombin in the detected samples. An amplifier was invented for recognizing thrombin captured on the SPCE, which is the multiple molecules of anti-thrombin antibody (Ab) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) co-modified AuNPs (AuNPs/Ab-HRP). Hydrogen peroxide was used as the substrate for HRP and then the response current (RC) could be detected. The optimization of these AuNPs conjugates-amplified aptamer immunosensing SPCE strips was conducted for thrombin detection. The detection sensitivity showed a linear relation between RC and thrombin concentration in the range of 10 pM-100 nM, and limit of detection (LOD) was 1.5 pM. The fabricated AuNPs/Ab-HRP-amplified aptamer immunosensing SPCE strips were further used to detect thrombin in human serum with a linear range of 100 pM-100 nM. This study provided the promising SPCE strips with highly sensitive and rapid detection for thrombin by the electrochemical aptasensor combined with AuNPs conjugates for amplifying the detection signal.
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15
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Surface decoration of multi-walled carbon nanotubes modified carbon paste electrode with gold nanoparticles for electro-oxidation and sensitive determination of nitrite. Biosens Bioelectron 2014; 51:379-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2013.07.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Revised: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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16
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Hasanzadeh M, Shadjou N, Eskandani M, de la Guardia M, Omidinia E. Electrochemical nano-immunosensing of effective cardiac biomarkers for acute myocardial infarction. Trends Analyt Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2013.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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17
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Evtugyn G, Cherkina U, Porfireva A, Danzberger J, Ebner A, Hianik T. Electrochemical Aptasensor Based on ZnO Modified Gold Electrode. ELECTROANAL 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201300195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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18
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Shumkov AA, Suprun EV, Shatinina SZ, Lisitsa AV, Shumyantseva VV, Archakov AI. Gold and Silver Nanoparticles for Electrochemical Detection of Cardiac Troponin I Based on Stripping Voltammetry. BIONANOSCIENCE 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s12668-013-0090-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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19
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Šmuc T, Ahn IY, Ulrich H. Nucleic acid aptamers as high affinity ligands in biotechnology and biosensorics. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2013; 81-82:210-7. [PMID: 23666257 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2013.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Revised: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Aptamers are small nucleic acid molecules capable of binding to a wide range of target molecules with high affinity and specificity. They have been developed and widely used not only as research tools, but also as biosensors, specific antagonists, and diagnostic markers and as protein purification platform for many pharmaceutical and clinical applications. Here, in this paper we will explore biochemical aspects of aptamer-target interactions and show why aptamers rival antibodies in target recognition and purification procedures. This review will focus on strategies of using aptamers as affinity ligands for molecules of therapeutic and pharmaceutical interest including applications in chromatography and capillary electrophoresis for protein and small molecule purification. Moreover, we will also discuss aptamers whose binding parameters can be controlled on demand for diagnostic approaches and used as sensitive receptors in biosensorics. Aptamers have opened up exciting fields in basic and applied research of pharmaceutical and biotechnological interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Šmuc
- Laboratory for Bio-instrumentation, Centre of Excellence for Biosensors, Instrumentation and Process Control, Velika pot 22, 5250 Solkan, Slovenia
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Graphene-Orange II composite nanosheets with electroactive functions as label-free aptasensing platform for "signal-on" detection of protein. Biosens Bioelectron 2013; 45:95-101. [PMID: 23455047 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2013.01.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2012] [Revised: 01/17/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The combination of novel nanomaterials and biomolecule recognition units is promising in developing sensitive biosensors. This paper presents a facile approach for the preparation of water-soluble electroactive dye-Orange II functionalized graphene nanosheets (O-GNs). The successful attachment of Orange II on the surface of graphene nanosheets not only prevents the agglomeration of the as-formed graphene nanocomposite in aqueous media, but also endows graphene nanosheets with excellent electroactive property. Integrating the unique properties of the as-prepared O-GNs (high conductivity, high specific surface area and electroactive function) with high affinity and specificity of aptamer, a new label-free electrochemical biosensing concept is demonstrated for the "signal-on" detection of targets such as thrombin and lysozyme. The present O-GNs-based aptasensor exhibits good current response to the above proteins. The linear ranges for thrombin and lysozyme are 1.0 × 10(-12)-4.0 × 10(-10)M and 5.0 × 10(-12)-7.0 × 10(-10)M, with the detection limit of 3.5 × 10(-13)M and 1.0 × 10(-12)M, respectively. In contrast to the common laborious and expensive labeling approaches, the present O-GNs based aptasensing process is highly simple, cost-efficient and does not need labeling and modification of aptamers or introduce additional electrochemical probes.
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de la Escosura-Muñiz A, Chunglok W, Surareungchai W, Merkoçi A. Nanochannels for diagnostic of thrombin-related diseases in human blood. Biosens Bioelectron 2013; 40:24-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2012.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2012] [Revised: 05/10/2012] [Accepted: 05/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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22
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Hu P, Han L, Zhu C, Dong SJ. Nanoreactors: a novel biosensing platform for protein assay. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:1705-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc37734a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Lönne M, Zhu G, Stahl F, Walter JG. Aptamer-modified nanoparticles as biosensors. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2013; 140:121-54. [PMID: 23824145 DOI: 10.1007/10_2013_231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Aptamers are short oligonucleotides that are capable of selectively binding to their corresponding target. Therefore, they can be thought of as a nucleic acid-based alternative to antibodies and can substitute for their amino acid-based counterparts in analytical applications, including as receptors in biosensors. Here they offer several advantages because their nucleic acid nature and their binding via an induced fit mechanism enable novel sensing strategies. In this article, the utilization of aptamers as novel bio-receptors in combination with nanoparticles as transducer elements is reviewed. In addition to these analytical applications, the medical relevance of aptamer-modified nanoparticles is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maren Lönne
- Institut für Technische Chemie, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstr. 5, 30167, Hannover, Germany
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24
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Li B, Ellington* AD. Electrochemical Techniques as Powerful Readout Methods for Aptamer-based Biosensors. DNA CONJUGATES AND SENSORS 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/9781849734936-00211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Aptamers are single-stranded nucleic acids that can be selected in vitro with special folding structures to bind to many different small-molecule, protein, and cellular targets. Over the past two decades, aptamers have become novel promising recognition elements for the fabrication of biosensors. These ‘aptasensors’ have several advantages over antibodies in that they are relatively easy to synthesise or modify in vitro, and can be appended with linkers and reporters for adaptation to various sensing strategies. In this chapter, we introduce the various electrochemical techniques that can be used as powerful readout methods for aptasensors, providing a brief introduction to aptamers and related electrochemical techniques, and then a detailed description of various branches within the field, including labelled strategies, unlabelled strategies, and enzyme-amplified strategies. For each type of approach, several basic and improved design principles will be addressed. It is hoped that, through this discussion, readers will get a sense of how several variables (aptamers, targets and redox reporters) are successfully combined with electrochemical techniques in order to produce a series of sensing platforms with high selectivity and sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingling Li
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA
| | - Andrew D. Ellington*
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA
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Evtugyn GA, Kostyleva VB, Porfireva AV, Savelieva MA, Evtugyn VG, Sitdikov RR, Stoikov II, Antipin IS, Hianik T. Label-free aptasensor for thrombin determination based on the nanostructured phenazine mediator. Talanta 2012. [PMID: 23182588 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2012.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
New aptasensors based on DNA aptamer and polycarboxylated thiacalix[4]arenes in cone, 1,3-alternate and partial cone configurations bearing Neutral Red (NR) at substituents at the lower rim have been developed and applied for thrombin detection. The assembly of the biorecognition layer was optimized by AFM and EIS study to reach the maximal coverage and regular composition of the surface layer. The interaction of the NR groups with thrombin suppressed the electron hopping between oxidized and reduced mediator groups. This regularly decreased the NR peak current and increased the resistance of the charge transfer. The aptasensor makes it possible to detect from 1 nM to 1 μM of thrombin with the detection limit of 0.05-0.5 nM. No effect of the 1000 excess of bovine serum albumin on the signal was observed. The influence of thiacalix[4]arene configuration on the sensitivity of aptasensor signal toward thrombin is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gennady A Evtugyn
- Analytical Chemistry Department of Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlevskaya Street, Kazan 420008, Russian Federation.
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Gillespie A, Jao D, Andriola A, Duda T, Yang CF, Yu L. Gold Nanoparticle Determination by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry, Anodic Stripping Voltammetry, and Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. ANAL LETT 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2012.673141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Xu LP, Wang S, Dong H, Liu G, Wen Y, Wang S, Zhang X. Fractal gold modified electrode for ultrasensitive thrombin detection. NANOSCALE 2012; 4:3786-3790. [PMID: 22622685 DOI: 10.1039/c2nr30826f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We report a label-free and ultrasensitive aptasensor based on a fractal gold modified (FracAu) electrode for thrombin detection with a femtomolar detection limit. The FracAu electrode was prepared by electrodeposition of hydrogen tetrachloroaurate (HAuCl(4)) onto a bare indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode surface. After this process the electrode was characterized by SEM. A thiol-modified aptamer against thrombin was immobilized on the FracAu electrode through a self-assembling process. Upon thrombin binding, the interfacial electron transfer of the FracAu electrode was perturbed by the formation of an aptamer-thrombin complex. The concentration of thrombin in the sample solution was determined by measuring the change in the oxidation peak current of hydroxymethyl ferrocene (C(11)H(12)FeO) with differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The current response (reduced peak current) had a linear relationship with the logarithm of thrombin concentrations in the range of 10(-15) to 10(-10) M with a detection limit of 5.7 fM. Furthermore, the as-prepared FracAu electrode exhibited high selectivity. The application of FracAu electrodes may be extended to prepare other types of biosensors, such as immunosensors, enzyme biosensors and DNA biosensors. These results show that FracAu electrodes have great promise for clinical diagnosis of disease-related biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ping Xu
- Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, University of Science & Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
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Wang Y, Yuan R, Chai Y, Yuan Y, Bai L. In situ enzymatic silver enhancement based on functionalized graphene oxide and layer-by-layer assembled gold nanoparticles for ultrasensitive detection of thrombin. Biosens Bioelectron 2012; 38:50-4. [PMID: 22664382 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2012.04.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2012] [Revised: 04/19/2012] [Accepted: 04/29/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
A highly specific in situ amplification strategy was designed for ultrasensitive detection of thrombin by combining the layer-by-layer (LBL) assembled amplification with alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and gold nanoparticles (Au) mediated silver deposition. High-density carboxyl functionalized graphene oxide (FGO) was introduced as a nanocarrier for LBL assembling of alkaline phosphatase decorated gold nanoparticles (ALP-Au), which was further adopted to label thrombin aptamer II. After sandwich-type reaction, numerous ALP were captured onto the aptasensor surface and catalyzed the hydrolysis of ascorbic acid 2-phosphate (AAP), which in situ generated ascorbic acid (AA), reducing Ag(+) to Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs) for electrochemical readout. Inspiringly, the in situ amplification strategy with ethanolamine as an effective blocking agent showed remarkable amplification efficiency, very little nonspecific adsorption, and low background signal, which was favorable to enhance the sensitivity of aptasensor. Our novel dramatic signal amplification strategy, with a detection limit of 2.7 fM, showed about 2-3 orders of magnitude improvement in the sensitivity for thrombin detection compared to other universal enzyme-based electrochemical assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Education Ministry Key Laboratory on Luminescence and Real-Time Analysis, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
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Palchetti I, Mascini M. Electrochemical nanomaterial-based nucleic acid aptasensors. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 402:3103-14. [PMID: 22349328 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-5769-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2011] [Revised: 01/16/2012] [Accepted: 01/18/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Recent progress in the development of electrochemical nanomaterial-aptamer-based biosensors is summarized. Aptamers are nucleic acid ligands that can be generated against amino acids, drugs, proteins, and other molecules. They are isolated from a large random library of synthetic nucleic acids by an iterative process of binding, separation, and amplification, called systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX). In this review, different methods of integrating aptamers with different nanomaterials and nanoparticles for electrochemical biosensing application are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Palchetti
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, 50121 Firenze, Italy.
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31
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Noble metal nanoparticles for biosensing applications. SENSORS 2012; 12:1657-87. [PMID: 22438731 PMCID: PMC3304133 DOI: 10.3390/s120201657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 325] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2011] [Revised: 01/29/2012] [Accepted: 02/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In the last decade the use of nanomaterials has been having a great impact in biosensing. In particular, the unique properties of noble metal nanoparticles have allowed for the development of new biosensing platforms with enhanced capabilities in the specific detection of bioanalytes. Noble metal nanoparticles show unique physicochemical properties (such as ease of functionalization via simple chemistry and high surface-to-volume ratios) that allied with their unique spectral and optical properties have prompted the development of a plethora of biosensing platforms. Additionally, they also provide an additional or enhanced layer of application for commonly used techniques, such as fluorescence, infrared and Raman spectroscopy. Herein we review the use of noble metal nanoparticles for biosensing strategies—from synthesis and functionalization to integration in molecular diagnostics platforms, with special focus on those that have made their way into the diagnostics laboratory.
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Evtugyn G, Kostyleva V, Sitdikov R, Porfireva A, Savelieva M, Stoikov I, Antipin I, Hianik T. Electrochemical Aptasensor Based on a Macrocyclic Ligand Bearing Neutral Red. ELECTROANAL 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201100435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Li Y, Han M, Bai H, Wu Y, Dai Z, Bao J. A sensitive electrochemical aptasensor based on water soluble CdSe quantum dots (QDs) for thrombin determination. Electrochim Acta 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2011.05.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Jiang X, Wang R, Wang Y, Su X, Ying Y, Wang J, Li Y. Evaluation of different micro/nanobeads used as amplifiers in QCM immunosensor for more sensitive detection of E. coli O157:H7. Biosens Bioelectron 2011; 29:23-8. [PMID: 21862307 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2011.07.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2011] [Revised: 07/01/2011] [Accepted: 07/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Micro/nanobeads with different materials (magnetic, silica and polymer) and different sizes (diameters from 30nm to 970nm) were investigated for their use as amplifiers in a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) immunosensor for more sensitive detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7. The micro/nanobeads were conjugated with anti-E. coli antibodies. E. coli O157:H7 cells were first captured by the first antibody immobilized on the electrode surface, and then micro/nanobeads labeled secondary antibodies attached to the cells, and finally the complexes of antibody-E. coli-antibody modified beads were formed. The results showed that antibody-labeled beads lead to signal amplification in both the change in frequency (ΔF) and the change in resistance (ΔR). Since the penetration depth of the oscillation-induced shear-waves for a ∼8MHz crystal is limited to 200nm, the interpretation of how the signal is amplified by the adsorbed particles was represented in terms of the coupled-oscillator theory. The amplification is not sensed in terms of increase in mass on the sensor surface. Amplification is sensed as a change in bacterial resonance frequency when the spheres adsorb to the bacteria. The change in the values of ΔF caused by different micro/nanobeads (amplifiers) attaching on target bacterial cells is indicative of the ratio between the resonance frequency of the absorbed bacterial-particle complex (ω(s)), and the resonance frequency of the crystal (ω).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuesong Jiang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Radi AE. Electrochemical Aptamer-Based Biosensors: Recent Advances and Perspectives. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ELECTROCHEMISTRY 2011; 2011:1-17. [DOI: 10.4061/2011/863196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper reviews the advancements of a wide range of electrochemical aptamer-based biosensors, electrochemical aptasensors, for target analytes monitoring. Methods for immobilizing aptamers onto an electrode surface are discussed. Aptasensors are presented according to their detection strategies. Many of these are simply electrochemical, aptamer-based equivalents of traditional immunochemical approaches, sandwich and competition assays employing electroactive signaling moieties. Others, exploiting the unusual physical properties of aptamers, are signal-on (positive readout signal) and signal-off (negative readout signal) aptasensors based on target binding-induced conformational change of aptamers. Aptamer label-free devices are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abd-Elgawad Radi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Dumyat 34517, Egypt
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Li D, Feng Y, Zhou L, Ye Z, Wang J, Ying Y, Ruan C, Wang R, Li Y. Label-free capacitive immunosensor based on quartz crystal Au electrode for rapid and sensitive detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7. Anal Chim Acta 2010; 687:89-96. [PMID: 21241851 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2010.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2010] [Revised: 10/29/2010] [Accepted: 12/10/2010] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A label-free capacitive immunosensor based on quartz crystal Au electrode was developed for rapid and sensitive detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7. The immunosensor was fabricated by immobilizing affinity-purified anti-E. coli O157:H7 antibodies onto self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of 3-mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) on the surface of a quartz crystal Au electrode. Bacteria suspended in solution became attached to the immobilized antibodies when the immunosensor was tested in liquid samples. The change in capacitance caused by the bacteria was directly measured by an electrochemical detector. An equivalent circuit was introduced to simulate the capacitive immunosensor. The immunosensor was evaluated for E. coli O157:H7 detection in pure culture and inoculated food samples. The experimental results indicated that the capacitance change was linearly correlated with the cell concentration of E. coli O157:H7. The immunosensor was able to discriminate between cellular concentrations of 10(2)-10(5) cfu mL(-1) and has applications in detecting pathogens in food samples. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were also employed to characterize the stepwise assembly of the immunosensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dujuan Li
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, 268 Kaixuan Road, Hangzhou 310029, China
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Huang DW, Niu CG, Qin PZ, Ruan M, Zeng GM. Time-resolved fluorescence aptamer-based sandwich assay for thrombin detection. Talanta 2010; 83:185-9. [PMID: 21035662 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2010.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2010] [Revised: 09/02/2010] [Accepted: 09/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, the authors report a novel sensitive method for the detection of thrombin using time-resolved fluorescence sensing platform based on two different thrombin aptamers. The thrombin 15-mer aptamer as a capture probe was covalently attached to the surface of glass slide, and the thrombin 29-mer aptamer was fluorescently labeled as a detection probe. A bifunctional europium complex was used as the fluorescent label. The introduction of thrombin triggers the two different thrombin aptamers and thrombin to form a sandwich structure. The fluorescence intensity is proportional to the thrombin concentration. The present sensing system could provide both a wide linear dynamic range and a low detection limit. The proposed sensing system also presented satisfactory specificity and selectivity. Results showed that thrombin was retained at the aptamer-modified glass surface while nonspecific proteins were removed by rinsing with buffer solution. This approach successfully showed the suitability of aptamers as low molecular weight receptors on glass slides for sensitive and specific protein detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Wei Huang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China
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Shumyantseva VV, Bulko TV, Vagin MY, Suprun EV, Archakov AI. Electrochemical immunoanalysis of cardiac myoglobin. BIOCHEMISTRY MOSCOW-SUPPLEMENT SERIES B-BIOMEDICAL CHEMISTRY 2010. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990750810030042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Kara P, de la Escosura-Muñiz A, Maltez-da Costa M, Guix M, Ozsoz M, Merkoçi A. Aptamers based electrochemical biosensor for protein detection using carbon nanotubes platforms. Biosens Bioelectron 2010; 26:1715-8. [PMID: 20729068 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2010.07.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2010] [Revised: 07/13/2010] [Accepted: 07/22/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
A label-free bioelectronic detection of aptamer-thrombin interaction based on electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) technique is reported. Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were used as modifiers of screen-printed carbon electrotransducers (SPCEs), showing improved characteristics compared to the bare SPCEs. 5'amino linked aptamer sequence was immobilized onto the modified SPCEs and then the binding of thrombin to aptamer sequence was monitored by EIS transduction of the resistance to charge transfer (Rct) in the presence of 5 mM [Fe(CN)(6)](3-/4-), obtaining a detection limit of 105 pM. This study represents an alternative electrochemical biosensor for the detection of proteins with interest for future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinar Kara
- Nanobioelectronics & Biosensors Group, Institut Català de Nanotecnologia, CIN2 (CSIC), Campus UAB, Barcelona, Spain
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Liang A, Li J, Jiang C, Jiang Z. Highly selective resonance scattering detection of trace thrombin using aptamer-modified AuRe nanoprobe. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2010; 33:1087-94. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-010-0434-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2010] [Accepted: 05/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Suprun E, Shumyantseva V, Rakhmetova S, Voronina S, Radko S, Bodoev N, Archakov A. Label-Free Electrochemical Thrombin Aptasensor Based on Ag Nanoparticles Modified Electrode. ELECTROANAL 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200900594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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A sensitive nanoporous gold-based electrochemical aptasensor for thrombin detection. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2010; 79:304-8. [PMID: 20452755 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2010.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2010] [Revised: 04/13/2010] [Accepted: 04/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
An attempt was made in the present paper to develop a nanoporous gold (NPG)-based electrochemical aptasensor for thrombin detection. The substrate electrode NPG was in situ fabricated by a facile one-step square wave potential pulse (SWPP) treatment. The treatment involved repeated gold oxidation-reduction and intensive H(2) bubbles evolution. After 100min treatment, the active surface area of Au increased greatly (34 times). The electrochemical aptasensor was fabricated using a layer-by-layer assembling strategy. A "sandwich" structure was formed via thrombin connecting the aptamer-modified NPG and the aptamer-modified Au nanoparticles (AuNPs). The AuNPs was modified with two kinds of single strand DNA (ssDNA). One was aptamer of thrombin, but the other was not, reducing the cross-reaction between thrombin and its aptamer on the same AuNP. The electrochemical signal produced by the [Ru(NH(3))(6)](3+) bound to ssDNA via electrostatic interaction was measured by chronocoulometry. Due to the amplification effects of both NPG and AuNPs, this novel NPG-based aptasensor could detect thrombin quantitatively in the range of 0.01-22nM with a detection limit as low as 30fM. The present aptasensor also exhibited excellent selectivity, stability and reusability.
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Electrochemical investigation of tryptophan at gold nanoparticles modified electrode in the presence of sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2010; 76:340-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2009.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2009] [Revised: 11/23/2009] [Accepted: 11/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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45
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Lin H, Cheng H, Miao X, Papakonstantinou P, MihailovicÌ D, Li M. A Novel Hydrogen Peroxide Amperometric Sensor based on Thionin Incorporated onto a Mo6S9-xIxNanowire Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode. ELECTROANAL 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200900162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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46
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Wang P, Mai Z, Dai Z, Li Y, Zou X. Construction of Au nanoparticles on choline chloride modified glassy carbon electrode for sensitive detection of nitrite. Biosens Bioelectron 2009; 24:3242-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2009.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2009] [Revised: 03/20/2009] [Accepted: 04/06/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Fourmond V, Lautier T, Baffert C, Leroux F, Liebgott PP, Dementin S, Rousset M, Arnoux P, Pignol D, Meynial-Salles I, Soucaille P, Bertrand P, Léger C. Correcting for electrocatalyst desorption and inactivation in chronoamperometry experiments. Anal Chem 2009; 81:2962-8. [PMID: 19298055 DOI: 10.1021/ac8025702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Chronoamperometric experiments with adsorbed electrocatalysts are commonly performed either for analytical purposes or for studying the catalytic mechanism of a redox enzyme. In the context of amperometric sensors, the current may be recorded as a function of time while the analyte concentration is being increased to determine a linearity range. In mechanistic studies of redox enzymes, chronoamperometry proved powerful for untangling the effects of electrode potential and time, which are convoluted in cyclic voltammetric measurements, and for studying the energetics and kinetics of inhibition. In all such experiments, the fact that the catalyst's coverage and/or activity decreases over time distorts the data. This may hide meaningful features, introduce systematic errors, and limit the accuracy of the measurements. We propose a general and surprisingly simple method for correcting for electrocatalyst desorption and inactivation, which greatly increases the precision of chronoamperometric experiments. Rather than subtracting a baseline, this consists in dividing the current, either by a synthetic signal that is proportional to the instant electroactive coverage or by the signal recorded in a control experiment. In the latter, the change in current may result from film loss only or from film loss plus catalyst inactivation. We describe the different strategies for obtaining the control signal by analyzing various data recorded with adsorbed redox enzymes: nitrate reductase, NiFe hydrogenase, and FeFe hydrogenase. In each case we discuss the trustfulness and the benefit of the correction. This method also applies to experiments where electron transfer is mediated, rather than direct, providing the current is proportional to the time-dependent concentration of catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Fourmond
- Unité de Bioénergétique et Ingénierie des Protéines, IMM, UPR 9036, CNRS, 31 Chemin Joseph Aiguier, F-13402 Marseille Cedex 20, France
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Ogi H, Fukunishi Y, Nagai H, Okamoto K, Hirao M, Nishiyama M. Nonspecific-adsorption behavior of polyethylenglycol and bovine serum albumin studied by 55-MHz wireless-electrodeless quartz crystal microbalance. Biosens Bioelectron 2009; 24:3148-52. [PMID: 19394213 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2009.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2009] [Revised: 03/09/2009] [Accepted: 03/25/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The nonspecific binding ability of polyethylenglycol (PEG) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) on modified and unmodified surfaces is quantitatively studied by a wireless-electrodeless quartz crystal microbalance (WE-QCM). PEG and BSA are important blocking materials in biosensors, but their affinities for proteins and uncoated substrates have not been known quantitatively. The WE-QCM allows quantitative analysis of the adsorption behavior of proteins on the electrodeless surfaces. Affinities of PEG, BSA, human immunoglobulin G (hIgG), and Staphylococcus protein A (SPA) for alpha-SiO(2)(quartz), Au thin film, PEG, and BSA are systematically studied by the homebuilt flow-injection system. PEG shows low affinities for the SiO(2) surface (K(A)=4.2x10(4) M(-1)) and the Au surface (K(A)=6.6x10(4) M(-1)), but BSA shows higher affinity for the SiO(2) surface (K(A)=1.4x10(6) M(-1)). Both PEG and BSA show low affinities for hIgG (K(A) approximately 1.5x10(5) M(-1)). However, the number of binding sites of PEG to hIgG is significantly larger than that of BSA, indicating that blocking for hIgG is favorably achieved by BSA, rather than PEG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotsugu Ogi
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan.
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Shumyantseva V, Suprun E, Bulko T, Archakov A. Electrochemical Methods for the Investigation of Bioaffinity Interactions Based on Gold Nanoparticles Modified Sensors. ELECTROANAL 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200804439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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