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Kumar S, Mohan A, Sharma NR, Kumar A, Girdhar M, Malik T, Verma AK. Computational Frontiers in Aptamer-Based Nanomedicine for Precision Therapeutics: A Comprehensive Review. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:26838-26862. [PMID: 38947800 PMCID: PMC11209897 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c02466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
In the rapidly evolving landscape of nanomedicine, aptamers have emerged as powerful molecular tools, demonstrating immense potential in targeted therapeutics, diagnostics, and drug delivery systems. This paper explores the computational features of aptamers in nanomedicine, highlighting their advantages over antibodies, including selectivity, low immunogenicity, and a simple production process. A comprehensive overview of the aptamer development process, specifically the Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential Enrichment (SELEX) process, sheds light on the intricate methodologies behind aptamer selection. The historical evolution of aptamers and their diverse applications in nanomedicine are discussed, emphasizing their pivotal role in targeted drug delivery, precision medicine and therapeutics. Furthermore, we explore the integration of artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), Internet of Things (IoT), Internet of Medical Things (IoMT), and nanotechnology in aptameric development, illustrating how these cutting-edge technologies are revolutionizing the selection and optimization of aptamers for tailored biomedical applications. This paper also discusses challenges in computational methods for advancing aptamers, including reliable prediction models, extensive data analysis, and multiomics data incorporation. It also addresses ethical concerns and restrictions related to AI and IoT use in aptamer research. The paper examines progress in computer simulations for nanomedicine. By elucidating the importance of aptamers, understanding their superiority over antibodies, and exploring the historical context and challenges, this review serves as a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners aiming to harness the full potential of aptamers in the rapidly evolving field of nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubham Kumar
- School
of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely
Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144001, India
| | - Anand Mohan
- School
of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely
Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144001, India
| | - Neeta Raj Sharma
- School
of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely
Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144001, India
| | - Anil Kumar
- Gene
Regulation Laboratory, National Institute
of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Madhuri Girdhar
- Division
of Research and Development, Lovely Professional
University, Phagwara 144401, Punjab, India
| | - Tabarak Malik
- Department
of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health, Jimma University, MVJ4+R95 Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Awadhesh Kumar Verma
- School
of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely
Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144001, India
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2
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Mikuła E, Katrlík J, Rodrigues LR. Electrochemical Aptasensors for Parkinson's Disease Biomarkers Detection. Curr Med Chem 2022; 29:5795-5814. [PMID: 35619313 DOI: 10.2174/0929867329666220520123337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biomarkers are characteristic molecules that can be measured as indicators of biological process status or condition, exhibiting special relevance in Parkinson's Disease (PD). This disease is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder very difficult to study given the site of pathology and due to a clinical phenotype that fluctuates over time. Currently there is no definitive diagnostic test, thus clinicians hope that the detection of crucial biomarkers will help to the symptomatic and presymptomatic diagnostics and providing surrogate endpoints to demonstrate the clinical efficacy of new treatments. METHODS Electrochemical aptasensors are excellent analytical tools that are used in the detection of PD biomarkers, as they are portable, easy to use, and perform real-time analysis. RESULTS In this review, we discuss the most important clinical biomarkers for PD, highlighting their physiological role and function in the disease. Herein, we review for the first time innovative aptasensors for the detection of current potential PD biomarkers based on electrochemical techniques and discuss future alternatives, including ideal analytical platforms for point-of-care diagnostics. CONCLUSION These new tools will be critical not only in the discovery of sensitive, specific, and reliable biomarkers of preclinical PD, but also in the development of tests that can assist in the early detection and differential diagnosis of parkinsonian disorders and in monitoring disease progression. Various methods for fixing aptamers onto the sensor surfaces, enabling quantitative and specific PD biomarker detection present in synthetic and clinical samples, will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edyta Mikuła
- Department of Biosensors, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Jaroslav Katrlík
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84538 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ligia R Rodrigues
- Centre of Biological Engineering, Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
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3
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Electrochemical aptasensing for the detection of mycotoxins in food commodities. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-022-02916-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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4
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Senturk H, Eksin E, Işık Ö, İlaslan Z, Mısırlı F, Erdem A. Impedimetric aptasensor for lysozyme detection based on carbon nanofibres enriched screen-printed electrodes. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.138078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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An apta-aggregation based machine learning assay for rapid quantification of lysozyme through texture parameters. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248159. [PMID: 33684138 PMCID: PMC7939288 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel assay technique that involves quantification of lysozyme (Lys) through machine learning is put forward here. This article reports the tendency of the well- documented Ellington group anti-Lys aptamer, to produce aggregates when exposed to Lys. This property of apta-aggregation has been exploited here to develop an assay that quantifies the Lys using texture and area parameters from a photograph of the elliptical aggregate mass through machine learning. Two assay sets were made for the experimental procedure: one with high Lys concentration between 25–100 mM and another with low concentration between 1–20 mM. The high concentration set had a sample volume of 10 μl while the low concentration set had a higher sample volume of 100 μl, in order to obtain the statistical texture values reliably from the aggregate mass. The platform exhibited an experimental limit of detection of 1 mM and a response time of less than 10 seconds. Further, two potential operating modes for the aptamer were hypothesized for this aggregation property and the more accurate mode among the two was ascertained through bioinformatics studies.
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Impedimetric Aptamer-Based Biosensors: Applications. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 174:43-91. [PMID: 32313965 DOI: 10.1007/10_2020_125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Impedimetric aptamer-based biosensors show high potential for handheld devices and point-of-care tests. In this review, we report on recent advances in aptamer-based impedimetric biosensors for applications in biotechnology. We detail on analytes relevant in medical and environmental biotechnology as well as food control, for which aptamer-based impedimetric biosensors were developed. The reviewed biosensors are examined for their performance, including sensitivity, selectivity, response time, and real sample validation. Additionally, the benefits and challenges of impedimetric aptasensors are summarized.
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Ma F, Yan J, Sun L, Chen Y. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy for quantization of matrix Metalloproteinase-14 based on peptides inhibiting its homodimerization and heterodimerization. Talanta 2019; 205:120142. [PMID: 31450394 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
We reported here two novel electrochemical impedance spectroscopy biosensors were developed for the first time for highly sensitive quantification of matrix metalloproteinase-14 (MMP-14) based on binding interaction between hemopexin-like domain (PEX) of MMP-14 (PEX-14) and its inhibitory peptides. Specific inhibitory peptides (IVSC or ISC) inhibiting homodimerization or heterodimerization of MMP-14 was first self assembled on the surface of gold electrode and blocked with 6-mercapto-1-hexanol on a gold electrode surface used as IVSC or ISC modified biosensor, respectively. IVSC modified biosensor can be used for detection of MMP-14 by using the direct IVSC-MMP-14 interaction inhibiting MMP-14 homodimerization as well as ISC modified biosensor for indirect detection of MMP-14 via PEX-14 mediated peptide-MMP-14 binding. The electron transfer resistance (Ret) of biosensor was monitored to measure MMP-14 using Fe(CN)63-/4- as probe. The increase of the Ret of the biosensors are linear with the concentration of MMP-14 in the range from 1 μg L-1 to 10 μg L-1 with detection limit of 0.19 μg L-1 for IVSC modified biosensor and 0.1 ng L-1 to 50 ng L-1 with detection limit of 7 ng L-1 for ISC modified biosensor. This work demonstrates that probing the interaction between peptide inhibitor and PEX of MMPs represents a novel approach to assess MMPs-mediated cancer dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen Ma
- Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education Key Laboratory, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710127, PR China.
| | - Jiedong Yan
- Shaanxi Huaxiang Energy Technology (group) Co., Ltd, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710127, PR China
| | - Lina Sun
- Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education Key Laboratory, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710127, PR China
| | - Yu Chen
- Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education Key Laboratory, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710127, PR China
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Jamei HR, Rezaei B, Ensafi AA. An ultrasensitive electrochemical anti-lysozyme aptasensor with biorecognition surface based on aptamer/amino-rGO/ionic liquid/amino-mesosilica nanoparticles. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2019; 181:16-24. [PMID: 31112933 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In this work, a novel method based on aptamers is proposed for electrochemical measurement of lysozyme. To this end, screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) was modified with a nanocomposite made from amino-reduced graphene oxide (Amino-rGO) synthesized from natural graphite powder, an ionic liquid (IL), and amino-mesosilica nanoparticles (Amino-MSNs). The composition of the nanocomposite (Amino-rGO/IL/Amino-MSNs) results in high thermal and chemical stability, conductivity, surface-to-volume ratio, cost efficiency, biocompatibility, and great bioelectrocatalysis characteristics. Presence of numerous amino groups, as well as remaining oxygen defects in rGO, provides a suitable site for immobilization of aptamers. Furthermore, use of this nanocomposite leads to considerable enhancement of the electrochemical signal and improved method sensitivity. Covalent coupling of aptamer's amino groups with that of the nanocomposite using glutaraldehyde (GLA) as a linker helps immobilize amino-linked lysozyme aptamers (Anti-Lys aptamers) on nanocomposite. The modified electrode was characterized using electrochemical methods such as cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The immobilized aptamer selectively adsorbs lysozyme (Lys) on the electrode interface, leading to increased Charge Transfer Resistance (RCT) in EIS and decrease in the DPV peak currents which are used as analytical signals. Two separate calibration curves were drawn using the data acquired from EIS and DPV. The prepared anti-Lys aptasensor has two very low LODs equal to 2.1 and 4.2 fmol L-1 with wide detection ranges of 10 fmol L-1 to 200 nmol L-1, and 20 fmol L-1 to 50 nmol L-1 for EIS and DPV calibration curves, respectively. The SPCE/Amino-rGO/IL/Amino-MSNs/APT also showed high reproducibility, specificity, sensitivity, and rapid response to Lys which has various applications in fields of bioengineering and biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Reza Jamei
- Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Behzad Rezaei
- Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Islamic Republic of Iran.
| | - Ali Asghar Ensafi
- Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Islamic Republic of Iran
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10
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Aptasensors for pesticide detection. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 130:174-184. [PMID: 30738246 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Pesticide contamination has become one of the most serious problems of public health in the world, due to their wide application in agriculture industry to guarantee the crop yield and quality. The detection of pesticide residues plays an important role in food safety management and environment protection. However, the conventional detection methodologies cannot realize highly sensitive, selective and on-site detection, which limits their applications. Aptamers are short single-stranded oligonucleotides (RNA or DNA) selected by SELEX method, which can selectively bind to their targets with high affinity. Compared with the commonly used antibodies or enzymes in designing biosensors, aptamers exhibit better stability, low molecular weight, easy modification and low cost, and were regarded as excellent candidates for developing aptasensors for pesticide detection. In this review, application of aptamers for pesticide detection was reviewed. Firstly, aptamers specifically bind to various pesticides were first summarized. Secondly, the progresses and highlights of developing aptasensors for highly-sensitive and selective detection of pesticide residues were systematically provided. Finally, the present challenges and future perspectives for developing novel highly-effective aptasensor for the detection of pesticide residues were discussed.
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A facile electrochemical aptasensor for lysozyme detection based on target-induced turn-off of photosensitization. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 126:412-417. [PMID: 30471566 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.09.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Revised: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The quantification of proteins is essential in fundamental research or clinical applications. Here, we developed a facile electrochemical aptasensor based on target-induced turn-off of photosensitization for label-free and ultrasensitive detection of protein (exemplified by lysozyme). EB (ethidium bromide) molecules that were embedded in dsDNA between lysozyme binding aptamer and complementary DNA immobilized on the electrode, could photo-cleave the dsDNA via singlet oxygen (O21) during photosensitization, resulting in a high voltammetry current of the [Fe(CN)6]3-/4-. Upon recognition of the lysozyme by aptamer, the EB molecules were released from dsDNA, and its photosensitization activity was turned off. As a result, more amount of complementary DNA was retained on the Au nanoparticles modified carbon nanotube paste electrode (AuNPs-CNPE), leading to a declined voltammetry current. Such a sensing strategy allowed detection of 10 pM-1 µM lysozyme with a low detection limit (about 2 pM). Besides, the sensor was free of labeling procedure as well as extra signal amplification step, and the CNPE modification was quite simple, only with AuNPs. The sensor also showed excellent selectivity toward lysozyme in the presence of interfering proteins, such as thrombin, bovine serum albumin, myoglobin, etc. The proposed sensor was applied to the determination of lysozyme in urine samples with the recoveries ranging from 96.6% to 101%. The proposed biosensor holds a great promise in developing other electrochemical sensors based on photosensitization.
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Malekzad H, Jouyban A, Hasanzadeh M, Shadjou N, de la Guardia M. Ensuring food safety using aptamer based assays: Electroanalytical approach. Trends Analyt Chem 2017; 94:77-94. [PMID: 32287541 PMCID: PMC7112916 DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Aptamers, are being increasingly employed as favorable receptors for constructing highly sensitive biosensors, for their remarkable affinities towards certain targets including a wide scope of biological or chemical substances, and their superiority over other biologic receptors. The selectivity and affinity of the aptamers have been integrated with the wise design of the assay, applying suitable modifications, such as nanomaterials on the electrode surface, employing oligonucleotide-specific amplification strategies or, their combinations. After successful performance of the electrochemical aptasensors for biomedical applications, the food sector with its direct implication for human health, which demands rapid and sensitive and economic analytical solutions for determination of health threatening contaminants in all stages of production process, is the next field of research for developing efficient electrochemical aptasensors. The aim of this review is to categorize and introduce food hazards and summarize the recent electrochemical aptasensors that have been developed to address these contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hedieh Malekzad
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Abolghasem Jouyban
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Kimia Idea Pardaz Azarbayjan (KIPA) Science Based Company, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51664, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hasanzadeh
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nasrin Shadjou
- Department of Nanochemistry, Nano Technology Research Center, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
- Department of Nanochemistry, Faculty of Science, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Miguel de la Guardia
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, Dr. Moliner 50, Burjassot 46100, Valencia, Spain
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Heydari-Bafrooei E, Askari S. Ultrasensitive aptasensing of lysozyme by exploiting the synergistic effect of gold nanoparticle-modified reduced graphene oxide and MWCNTs in a chitosan matrix. Mikrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-017-2356-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Roushani M, Shahdost-Fard F. Ultra-sensitive detection of ibuprofen (IBP) by electrochemical aptasensor using the dendrimer-quantum dot (Den-QD) bioconjugate as an immobilization platform with special features. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 75:1091-1096. [PMID: 28415394 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 12/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
This study describes a high-performance electrochemical aptasensor which is employed to detect Ibuprofen (IBP) as a painkiller drug by using a novel platform as an integrated sensing interface. In order to make the aptasensor, the Den-QD bioconjugate was immobilized on the surface of a GC electrode and followed the Apt was incubated on this surface. The incubation of the IBP on the aptasensor surface and the formation of the Apt/IBP complex, led to a hindered electron transfer reaction on the sensing surface, which decreased the peak current of the redox probe. Under the optimum condition, the assay had two dynamic ranges with a detection limit down to 333fM. The developed aptasensor reliably detects IBP in a real sample. Our results demonstrated that the proposed strategy has many advantages and the Den-QD bioconjugate may become a promising nanocomposite for the electrochemical sensing applications.
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Rhouati A, Catanante G, Nunes G, Hayat A, Marty JL. Label-Free Aptasensors for the Detection of Mycotoxins. SENSORS 2016; 16:s16122178. [PMID: 27999353 PMCID: PMC5191157 DOI: 10.3390/s16122178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Various methodologies have been reported in the literature for the qualitative and quantitative monitoring of mycotoxins in food and feed samples. Based on their enhanced specificity, selectivity and versatility, bio-affinity assays have inspired many researchers to develop sensors by exploring bio-recognition phenomena. However, a significant problem in the fabrication of these devices is that most of the biomolecules do not generate an easily measurable signal upon binding to the target analytes, and signal-generating labels are required to perform the measurements. In this context, aptamers have been emerged as a potential and attractive bio-recognition element to design label-free aptasensors for various target analytes. Contrary to other bioreceptor-based approaches, the aptamer-based assays rely on antigen binding-induced conformational changes or oligomerization states rather than binding-assisted changes in adsorbed mass or charge. This review will focus on current designs in label-free conformational switchable design strategies, with a particular focus on applications in the detection of mycotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina Rhouati
- BAE Laboratory, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, 52 Avenue Paul Alduy, Perpignan 66860, France.
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Biotechnologie, Constantine 25100, Algeria.
| | - Gaelle Catanante
- BAE Laboratory, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, 52 Avenue Paul Alduy, Perpignan 66860, France.
| | - Gilvanda Nunes
- Technological Chemistry Department, Federal University of Maranhão, CCET/UFMA, Av. Portugueses, Cidade Universitária do Canga, 65080-040 São Luis, Brazil.
| | - Akhtar Hayat
- BAE Laboratory, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, 52 Avenue Paul Alduy, Perpignan 66860, France.
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biomedical Materials (IRCBM) COMSATS Institute of Information Technology (CIIT), Lahore 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Jean-Louis Marty
- BAE Laboratory, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, 52 Avenue Paul Alduy, Perpignan 66860, France.
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Vasilescu A, Nunes G, Hayat A, Latif U, Marty JL. Electrochemical Affinity Biosensors Based on Disposable Screen-Printed Electrodes for Detection of Food Allergens. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2016; 16:E1863. [PMID: 27827963 PMCID: PMC5134522 DOI: 10.3390/s16111863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Food allergens are proteins from nuts and tree nuts, fish, shellfish, wheat, soy, eggs or milk which trigger severe adverse reactions in the human body, involving IgE-type antibodies. Sensitive detection of allergens in a large variety of food matrices has become increasingly important considering the emergence of functional foods and new food manufacturing technologies. For example, proteins such as casein from milk or lysozyme and ovalbumin from eggs are sometimes used as fining agents in the wine industry. Nonetheless, allergen detection in processed foods is a challenging endeavor, as allergen proteins are degraded during food processing steps involving heating or fermentation. Detection of food allergens was primarily achieved via Enzyme-Linked Immuno Assay (ELISA) or by chromatographic methods. With the advent of biosensors, electrochemical affinity-based biosensors such as those incorporating antibodies and aptamers as biorecognition elements were also reported in the literature. In this review paper, we highlight the success achieved in the design of electrochemical affinity biosensors based on disposable screen-printed electrodes towards detection of protein allergens. We will discuss the analytical figures of merit for various disposable screen-printed affinity sensors in relation to methodologies employed for immobilization of bioreceptors on transducer surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Vasilescu
- International Centre of Biodynamics, 1B Intrarea Portocalelor, sector 6, 060101 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Gilvanda Nunes
- Technological Chemistry Department, Federal University of Maranhão, CCET/UFMA, Av. Portugueses, Cidade Universitária do Canga, 65080-040 São Luis, MA, Brazil.
| | - Akhtar Hayat
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biomedical Materials (IRCBM) COMSATS Institute of Information Technology (CIIT), 54000 Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Usman Latif
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biomedical Materials (IRCBM) COMSATS Institute of Information Technology (CIIT), 54000 Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Jean-Louis Marty
- BAE Laboratory, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, 52 Avenue Paul Alduy, 66860 Perpignan, France.
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Wang B, Jing R, Qi H, Gao Q, Zhang C. Label-free electrochemical impedance peptide-based biosensor for the detection of cardiac troponin I incorporating gold nanoparticles modified carbon electrode. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2016.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Wang D, Wang J, Liu ZE, Yang X, Hu X, Deng J, Yang N, Wan Q, Yuan Q. High-Performance Electrochemical Catalysts Based on Three-Dimensional Porous Architecture with Conductive Interconnected Networks. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:28265-28273. [PMID: 26441295 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b08294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The electrochemical applications of traditional carbon nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene (G) powders are significantly impeded by their poor three-dimensional (3D) conductivity and lack of hierarchical porous structure. Here, we have constructed a 3D highly conductive CNTs networks and further combined it with mesoporous carbon (mC) for the creation of a core-shell structured (CNT@mC) composite sponge that featured 3D conductivity and hierarchical porous structure. In the composite sponge, interconnected CNTs efficiently eliminates the contact resistance and the hierarchical pores significantly facilitate the mass transport. The electron transfer rates, electroactive surface area and catalytic activity of the CNT@mC composite sponge based catalysts were tested in the direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) and electrochemical sensors. In DMFCs, the Pd nanoparticles deposited CNT@mC showed significantly improved catalytic activity and methanol oxidization current. As for amperometric sensing of endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs), CNT@mC-based catalyst gave a liner range from 10 nM to 1 mM for bisphenol A (BPA) detection and showed great promise for simultaneous detection of multiple EDCs. BPA recovery from environmental water further indicated the potential practical applications of the sensor for BPA detection. Finally, the electrochemical performance of CNT@mC were also investigated in impedimetric sensors. Good selectivity was obtained in impedimetric sensing of BPA and the detection limit was measured to be 0.3 nM. This study highlighted the exceptional electrochemical properties of the CNT@mC composite sponge enabled by its 3D conductivity and hierarchical porous structure. The strategy described may further pave a way for the creation of novel functional materials through integrating multiple superior properties into a single nanostructure for future clean energy technologies and environmental monitoring systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wang
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology , Wuhan 430073, China
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Zi-En Liu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xiangdong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xiaoxia Hu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Jinqi Deng
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Nianjun Yang
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology , Wuhan 430073, China
- Institute of Materials Engineering, University of Siegen , Siegen 57076, Germany
| | - Qijin Wan
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology , Wuhan 430073, China
| | - Quan Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072, China
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Shamsipur M, Farzin L, Tabrizi MA. Ultrasensitive aptamer-based on-off assay for lysozyme using a glassy carbon electrode modified with gold nanoparticles and electrochemically reduced graphene oxide. Mikrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-016-1920-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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20
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21
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Wang Q, Subramanian P, Schechter A, Teblum E, Yemini R, Nessim GD, Vasilescu A, Li M, Boukherroub R, Szunerits S. Vertically Aligned Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Nanotube Carpet Electrodes: Highly Sensitive Interfaces for the Analysis of Serum from Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:9600-9609. [PMID: 27015265 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b00663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The number of patients suffering from inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is increasing worldwide. The development of noninvasive tests that are rapid, sensitive, specific, and simple would allow preventing patient discomfort, delay in diagnosis, and the follow-up of the status of the disease. Herein, we show the interest of vertically aligned nitrogen-doped carbon nanotube (VA-NCNT) electrodes for the required sensitive electrochemical detection of lysozyme in serum, a protein that is up-regulated in IBD. To achieve selective lysozyme detection, biotinylated lysozyme aptamers were covalently immobilized onto the VA-NCNTs. Detection of lysozyme in serum was achieved by measuring the decrease in the peak current of the Fe(CN)6(3-/4-) redox couple by differential pulse voltammetry upon addition of the analyte. We achieved a detection limit as low as 100 fM with a linear range up to 7 pM, in line with the required demands for the determination of lysozyme level in patients suffering from IBD. We attained the sensitive detection of biomarkers in clinical samples of healthy patients and individuals suffering from IBD and compared the results to a classical turbidimetric assay. The results clearly indicate that the newly developed sensor allows for a reliable and efficient analysis of lysozyme in serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- Institute of Electronics, Microelectronics and Nanotechnology (IEMN), UMR CNRS 8520, Lille1 University , Avenue Poincaré-BP60069, 59652 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education), Shandong University , Jinan 250061, China
| | | | - Alex Schechter
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Ariel University , Ariel 40700, Israel
| | - Eti Teblum
- Department of Chemistry and Bar Ilan Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (BINA), Bar-Ilan University , Ramat Gan, 52900, Israel
| | - Reut Yemini
- Department of Chemistry and Bar Ilan Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (BINA), Bar-Ilan University , Ramat Gan, 52900, Israel
| | - Gilbert Daniel Nessim
- Department of Chemistry and Bar Ilan Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (BINA), Bar-Ilan University , Ramat Gan, 52900, Israel
| | - Alina Vasilescu
- International Center of Biodynamics , 1B Intrarea Portocalelor, Sector 6, 060101, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Musen Li
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education), Shandong University , Jinan 250061, China
| | - Rabah Boukherroub
- Institute of Electronics, Microelectronics and Nanotechnology (IEMN), UMR CNRS 8520, Lille1 University , Avenue Poincaré-BP60069, 59652 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Sabine Szunerits
- Institute of Electronics, Microelectronics and Nanotechnology (IEMN), UMR CNRS 8520, Lille1 University , Avenue Poincaré-BP60069, 59652 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
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22
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Trends in the Design and Development of Specific Aptamers Against Peptides and Proteins. Protein J 2016; 35:81-99. [DOI: 10.1007/s10930-016-9653-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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23
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Parlak O, Turner AP. Switchable bioelectronics. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 76:251-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Revised: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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24
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Hu W, Min X, Li X, Yang S, Yi L, Chai L. DNAzyme catalytic beacons-based a label-free biosensor for copper using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra20641c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we developed a novel selective method for copper quantification based on gold nanoclusters (GNCs) and DNAzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyong Hu
- School of Metallurgy and Environment
- Central South University
- Changsha
- China
- National Engineering Research Center for Pollution Control of Heavy Metals
| | - Xiaobo Min
- School of Metallurgy and Environment
- Central South University
- Changsha
- China
- National Engineering Research Center for Pollution Control of Heavy Metals
| | - Xinyu Li
- School of Metallurgy and Environment
- Central South University
- Changsha
- China
- National Engineering Research Center for Pollution Control of Heavy Metals
| | - Shengxiang Yang
- School of Metallurgy and Environment
- Central South University
- Changsha
- China
- National Engineering Research Center for Pollution Control of Heavy Metals
| | - Langbo Yi
- School of Metallurgy and Environment
- Central South University
- Changsha
- China
- National Engineering Research Center for Pollution Control of Heavy Metals
| | - Liyuan Chai
- School of Metallurgy and Environment
- Central South University
- Changsha
- China
- National Engineering Research Center for Pollution Control of Heavy Metals
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25
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Wang M, Zhai S, Ye Z, He L, Peng D, Feng X, Yang Y, Fang S, Zhang H, Zhang Z. An electrochemical aptasensor based on a TiO2/three-dimensional reduced graphene oxide/PPy nanocomposite for the sensitive detection of lysozyme. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:6473-9. [PMID: 25751032 DOI: 10.1039/c5dt00168d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
A sensitive aptasensor based on a nanocomposite of hollow titanium dioxide nanoball, three-dimensional reduced graphene oxide, and polypyrrole (TiO2/3D-rGO/PPy) was developed for lysozyme detection. A lysozyme aptamer was easily immobilized onto the TiO2/3D-rGO/PPy nanocomposite matrix by assembling the aptamer onto graphene through simple π-stacking interactions and electrostatic interactions between PPy molecular chains and aptamer strands. In the presence of lysozyme, the aptamer on the adsorbent layer catches the target on the electrode interface, which generates a barrier for electrons and inhibits electron transfer, subsequently resulting in decreased electrochemically differential pulse voltammetric signals of a gold electrode modified with TiO2/3D-rGO/PPy. Using this strategy, a low limit of detection of 0.085 ng mL(-1) (5.5 pM) for detecting lysozyme was observed within the detection range of 0.1-50 ng mL(-1) (0.007-3.5 nM). The aptasensor also presents high specificity for lysozyme, which is unaffected by the coexistence of other proteins. Such an aptasensor opens a rapid, selective, and sensitive route to lysozyme detection. This finding indicates that the TiO2/3D-rGO/PPy nanocomposite could be used as an electrochemical biosensor for detecting proteins in the biomedical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghua Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, No. 166, Science Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China.
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26
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Zhang Z, Zhang S, He L, Peng D, Yan F, Wang M, Zhao J, Zhang H, Fang S. Feasible electrochemical biosensor based on plasma polymerization-assisted composite of polyacrylic acid and hollow TiO2 spheres for sensitively detecting lysozyme. Biosens Bioelectron 2015; 74:384-90. [PMID: 26164009 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.06.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Revised: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A composite made of polyacrylic acid and hollow TiO2 spheres (TiO2@PPAA) was prepared by the plasma polymerization method and subsequently used as an electrode material for detecting lysozyme. The chemical structure, surface morphology, and electrochemical performance of the TiO2@PPAA composite were mainly affected by the plasma input power used during plasma polymerization. After optimizing plasma conditions, aptamer strands exhibited high adsorption affinity toward the surface of TiO2@PPAA composite via synergistic effects between TiO2 and PPAA. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy results showed that the developed TiO2@PPAA aptasensor presents highly sensitive detection ability toward lysozyme; the limit of detection of the proposed aptasensor is 0.015 ng mL(-1) (1.04 pM) within the range of 0.05-100 ng mL(-1) in terms of 3σ value. The film further showed excellent selectivity toward lysozyme in the presence of interfering proteins, such as thrombin, bovine serum albumin, and immunoglobulin E. Thus, this aptasensing strategy might broaden the applications of plasma polymerized nanomaterials in the field of biomedical research and early clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong Zhang
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, PR China; State Laboratory of Surface and Interface Science of Henan Province Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, No. 166, Science Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China.
| | - Shuai Zhang
- State Laboratory of Surface and Interface Science of Henan Province Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, No. 166, Science Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Linghao He
- State Laboratory of Surface and Interface Science of Henan Province Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, No. 166, Science Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Donglai Peng
- State Laboratory of Surface and Interface Science of Henan Province Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, No. 166, Science Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Fufeng Yan
- State Laboratory of Surface and Interface Science of Henan Province Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, No. 166, Science Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Minghua Wang
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Jihong Zhao
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Hongzhong Zhang
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Shaoming Fang
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, PR China; State Laboratory of Surface and Interface Science of Henan Province Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, No. 166, Science Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China.
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27
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Ocaña C, Hayat A, Mishra R, Vasilescu A, del Valle M, Marty JL. A novel electrochemical aptamer-antibody sandwich assay for lysozyme detection. Analyst 2015; 140:4148-53. [PMID: 25905497 DOI: 10.1039/c5an00243e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we have reported a novel electrochemical aptamer-antibody based sandwich biosensor for the detection of lysozyme. In the sensing strategy, an anti-lysozyme aptamer was immobilized onto the carbon electrode surface by covalent binding via diazonium salt chemistry. After incubating with a target protein (lysozyme), a biotinylated antibody was used to complete the sandwich format. The subsequent additions of avidin-alkaline phosphatase as an enzyme label, and a 1-naphthyl phosphate substrate (1-NPP) allowed us to determine the concentration of lysozyme (Lys) via Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV) of the generated enzyme reaction product, 1-naphthol. Using this strategy, a wide detection range from 5 fM to 5 nM was obtained for a target lysozyme, with a detection limit of 4.3 fM. The control experiments were carried out by using bovine serum albumin (BSA), cytochrome c and casein. The results showed that the proposed biosensor had good specificity, stability and reproducibility for lysozyme analysis. In addition, the biosensor was applied for detecting lysozyme in spiked wine samples, and very good recovery rates were obtained in the range from 95.2 to 102.0% for lysozyme detection. This implies that the proposed sandwich biosensor is a promising analytical tool for the analysis of lysozyme in real samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Ocaña
- Sensors and Biosensors Group, Department of Chemistry, UniversitatAutònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
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28
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Cai SL, Cao SH, Zheng YB, Zhao S, Yang JL, Li YQ. Surface charge modulated aptasensor in a single glass conical nanopore. Biosens Bioelectron 2015; 71:37-43. [PMID: 25884732 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Revised: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we have proposed a label-free nanopore-based biosensing strategy for protein detection by performing the DNA-protein interaction inside a single glass conical nanopore. A lysozyme binding aptamer (LBA) was used to functionalize the walls of glass nanopore via siloxane chemistry and negatively charged recognition sites were thus generated. The covalent modification procedures and their recognition towards lysozyme of the single conical nanopore were characterized via ionic current passing through the nanopore membrane, which was measured by recording the current-voltage (I-V) curves in 1mM KCl electrolyte at pH=7.4. With the occurring of recognition event, the negatively charged wall was partially neutralized by the positively charged lysozyme molecules, leading to a sensitive change of the surface charge-dependent current-voltage (I-V) characteristics. Our results not only demonstrate excellent selectivity and sensitivity towards the target protein, but also suggest a route to extend this nanopore-based sensing strategy to the biosensing platform designs of a wide range of proteins based on a charge modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Lin Cai
- Department of Chemistry and the MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Shuo-Hui Cao
- Department of Chemistry and the MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yu-Bin Zheng
- Department of Chemistry and the MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Shuang Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and the MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jin-Lei Yang
- Department of Chemistry and the MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yao-Qun Li
- Department of Chemistry and the MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
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29
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Shi L, Chu Z, Liu Y, Jin W. Facile fabrication of a three-dimensional gold nanowire array for high-performance electrochemical sensing. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:3134-3140. [DOI: 10.1039/c5tb00266d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A three-dimensional gold nanowire array (3D GNA) was successfully prepared with a facile template-assisted approach, in order to construct an ultrasensitive electrochemical biosensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech. University
- Nanjing 210009
- P. R. China
| | - Zhenyu Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech. University
- Nanjing 210009
- P. R. China
| | - Yu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech. University
- Nanjing 210009
- P. R. China
| | - Wanqin Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech. University
- Nanjing 210009
- P. R. China
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30
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Xia J, Song D, Wang Z, Zhang F, Yang M, Gui R, Xia L, Bi S, Xia Y, Li Y, Xia L. Single electrode biosensor for simultaneous determination of interferon gamma and lysozyme. Biosens Bioelectron 2014; 68:55-61. [PMID: 25558873 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2014.12.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Revised: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Simultaneous detection of multiple biomarkers holds great promise for acute leukemia evaluation. Here, a novel biosensor is developed for simultaneous electrochemical detection of interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and lysozyme (Lys) based on aptamer recognition by coupling "signal-on" and "signal-off" modes. On one Au electrode, two kinds of signaling probes labeled by the thiolated ferrocene (Fc)- and methy blue (MB)- were designed to hybridize with IFN-γ and Lys aptamers respectively to form partial complementary DNA duplexes. In the presence of IFN-γ and Lys, the target-aptamer interaction led to the release of aptamer from duplex DNA structure. The single-stranded signaling probes thus suffered from the conformation changes, which resulted in the decreased (or increased) oxidation peak current of Fc (or MB) according to the "signal-off (or signal-on)" mode. Electrodes were characterized using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Under the optimized conditions, the signal changes were quantified using square wave voltammetry (SWV). This proposed biosensor for IFN-γ and Lys possessed linear detection range from 0.01 to 10 nM and 0.1 to 100 nM, with the detection limits of 1.14×10(-3) nM and 0.0164 nM, respectively. Moreover, this biosensor was readily regenerated and proved successful toward the practical analysis. The proposed strategy could provide more integrated and reliable information for acute leukemia evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfei Xia
- Laboratory of Fiber Materials and Modern Textile, The Growing Base for State Key Laboratory, College of Chemical Science and Engineering, Shandong Sino-Japanese Center for Collaborative Research of Carbon Nanomaterials, Collaborative Innovation Center for Marine Biomass Fiber Materials and Textiles, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
| | - Daimin Song
- Laboratory of Fiber Materials and Modern Textile, The Growing Base for State Key Laboratory, College of Chemical Science and Engineering, Shandong Sino-Japanese Center for Collaborative Research of Carbon Nanomaterials, Collaborative Innovation Center for Marine Biomass Fiber Materials and Textiles, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
| | - Zonghua Wang
- Laboratory of Fiber Materials and Modern Textile, The Growing Base for State Key Laboratory, College of Chemical Science and Engineering, Shandong Sino-Japanese Center for Collaborative Research of Carbon Nanomaterials, Collaborative Innovation Center for Marine Biomass Fiber Materials and Textiles, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
| | - Feifei Zhang
- Laboratory of Fiber Materials and Modern Textile, The Growing Base for State Key Laboratory, College of Chemical Science and Engineering, Shandong Sino-Japanese Center for Collaborative Research of Carbon Nanomaterials, Collaborative Innovation Center for Marine Biomass Fiber Materials and Textiles, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
| | - Min Yang
- Laboratory of Fiber Materials and Modern Textile, The Growing Base for State Key Laboratory, College of Chemical Science and Engineering, Shandong Sino-Japanese Center for Collaborative Research of Carbon Nanomaterials, Collaborative Innovation Center for Marine Biomass Fiber Materials and Textiles, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
| | - Rijun Gui
- Laboratory of Fiber Materials and Modern Textile, The Growing Base for State Key Laboratory, College of Chemical Science and Engineering, Shandong Sino-Japanese Center for Collaborative Research of Carbon Nanomaterials, Collaborative Innovation Center for Marine Biomass Fiber Materials and Textiles, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
| | - Lin Xia
- Laboratory of Fiber Materials and Modern Textile, The Growing Base for State Key Laboratory, College of Chemical Science and Engineering, Shandong Sino-Japanese Center for Collaborative Research of Carbon Nanomaterials, Collaborative Innovation Center for Marine Biomass Fiber Materials and Textiles, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
| | - Sai Bi
- Laboratory of Fiber Materials and Modern Textile, The Growing Base for State Key Laboratory, College of Chemical Science and Engineering, Shandong Sino-Japanese Center for Collaborative Research of Carbon Nanomaterials, Collaborative Innovation Center for Marine Biomass Fiber Materials and Textiles, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
| | - Yanzhi Xia
- Laboratory of Fiber Materials and Modern Textile, The Growing Base for State Key Laboratory, College of Chemical Science and Engineering, Shandong Sino-Japanese Center for Collaborative Research of Carbon Nanomaterials, Collaborative Innovation Center for Marine Biomass Fiber Materials and Textiles, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
| | - Yanhui Li
- Laboratory of Fiber Materials and Modern Textile, The Growing Base for State Key Laboratory, College of Chemical Science and Engineering, Shandong Sino-Japanese Center for Collaborative Research of Carbon Nanomaterials, Collaborative Innovation Center for Marine Biomass Fiber Materials and Textiles, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
| | - Linhua Xia
- Laboratory of Fiber Materials and Modern Textile, The Growing Base for State Key Laboratory, College of Chemical Science and Engineering, Shandong Sino-Japanese Center for Collaborative Research of Carbon Nanomaterials, Collaborative Innovation Center for Marine Biomass Fiber Materials and Textiles, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
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31
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Li S, Gao Z, Shao N. Non-covalent conjugation of CdTe QDs with lysozyme binding DNA for fluorescent sensing of lysozyme in complex biological sample. Talanta 2014; 129:86-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2014.04.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2014] [Revised: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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34
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MacKay S, Wishart D, Xing JZ, Chen J. Developing trends in aptamer-based biosensor devices and their applications. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BIOMEDICAL CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS 2014; 8:4-14. [PMID: 24681915 DOI: 10.1109/tbcas.2014.2304718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Aptamers are, in general, easier to produce, easier to store and are able to bind to a wider variety of targets than antibodies. For these reasons, aptamers are gaining increasing popularity in environmental monitoring as well as disease detection and disease management applications. This review article examines the research and design of RNA and DNA aptamer based biosensor systems and applications as well as their potential for integration in effective biosensor devices. As single stranded DNA or RNA molecules that can bind to specific targets, aptamers are well suited for biomolecular recognition and sensing applications. Beyond being able to be designed for a near endless number of specific targets, aptamers can also be made which change their conformation in a predictable and consistent way upon binding. This can lead to many unique and effective detection methods using a variety of optical and electrochemical means.
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35
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Shi L, Chu Z, Liu Y, Peng J, Jin W. Three-dimensional porous microarray of gold modified electrode for ultrasensitive and simultaneous assay of various cancer biomarkers. J Mater Chem B 2014; 2:2658-2665. [DOI: 10.1039/c4tb00016a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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36
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Erdem A, Eksin E, Muti M. Chitosan-graphene oxide based aptasensor for the impedimetric detection of lysozyme. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2013; 115:205-11. [PMID: 24362059 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2013.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Revised: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
An impedimetric detection of lysozyme (LYS) was performed for the first time in this study at the surface of chitosan-graphene oxide (CHIT-GO) modified sensor based on the specific interaction process between DNA aptamer and its cognate protein, LYS. The amino linked DNA aptamer (APT) was covalently immobilized without using any chemical agents onto the surface of pencil graphite electrode (PGE). These PGEs are inexpensive and simple to use, and thus, they can be furtherly developed for a single-use application in a portable protein chip device. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) technique was used herein to analyze (i) the surface characterization of unmodified PGE and CHIT-GO modified PGE, and also (ii) the interaction between APT and LYS. The limit of detection (DL) was found as 0.38 μg/mL (equals to 28.53 nM). This impedimetric LYS aptasensor exhibited a higher selectivity toward thrombin and bovine serum albumin, even in the mixture samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arzum Erdem
- Ege University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Analytical Chemistry Department, Bornova, 35100, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Ece Eksin
- Ege University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Analytical Chemistry Department, Bornova, 35100, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Mihrican Muti
- Ege University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Analytical Chemistry Department, Bornova, 35100, Izmir, Turkey; Adnan Menderes University, Faculty of Science, Chemistry Department, 09010, Aydın, Turkey
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37
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Graphene-based lysozyme binding aptamer nanocomposite for label-free and sensitive lysozyme sensing. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2013.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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38
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Yang S, Li H, Zha W, Sun Q, Zheng L, Chen A. Highly sensitive lable-free electrochemical aptasensor for thrombin detection with cobalt hexacyanoferrate as the electrochemical probe. J Solid State Electrochem 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-013-2133-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Zhang J, Chai Y, Yuan R, Yuan Y, Bai L, Xie S, Jiang L. A novel electrochemical aptasensor for thrombin detection based on the hybridization chain reaction with hemin/G-quadruplex DNAzyme-signal amplification. Analyst 2013; 138:4558-64. [PMID: 23741737 DOI: 10.1039/c3an00396e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In this work, a novel signal amplification electrochemical aptasensor for the sensitive and selective detection of thrombin was successfully fabricated. The amplification method was based on the hybridization chain reaction (HCR) and a pseudobienzyme electrocatalytic system. HCR-based double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) polymers not only constructed an effective carrier for anchoring larger amounts of electron mediator methylene blue (MB) into the DNA duplexes to produce a strong differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) signal, but also resulted in the formation of hemin/G-quadruplex DNAzymes nanowires by intercalating hemin into two induced single-stranded DNA (ssDNA). With the addition of NADH into the electrolytic cell, the hemin/G-quadruplex acting as an NADH oxidase and HRP-mimicking DNAzyme for the pseudobienzyme amplifying system could in situ biocatalyze the formation of H₂O₂ with local concentrations and low transfer loss resulting in dramatic signal enhancements. The binding event can be detected by a decrease in the integrated charge of MB which electrostatically absorbed onto dsDNA polymers. In the presence of thrombin, the dsDNA polymers associated with MB and hemin/G-quadruplex structures were removed from the electrode surface, leading to a significant decrease of redox current. DPV signals of MB provided quantitative measures of the concentrations of thrombin, with a linear calibration range of 0.01-50 nM and a detection limit of 2 pM. Moreover, the resulting aptasensor also exhibited good specificity, acceptable reproducibility and stability, indicating that the present strategy was promising for broad potential application in clinic assay and various protein analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhang
- Education Ministry Key Laboratory on Luminescence and Real-Time Analysis, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
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Qi H, Zhang L, Yang L, Yu P, Mao L. Anion-Exchange-Based Amperometric Assay for Heparin Using Polyimidazolium as Synthetic Receptor. Anal Chem 2013; 85:3439-45. [DOI: 10.1021/ac400201c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hetong Qi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences,
Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute
of Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences,
Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute
of Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, China
| | - Lifen Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences,
Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute
of Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, China
| | - Ping Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences,
Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute
of Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, China
| | - Lanqun Mao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences,
Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute
of Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, China
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41
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Electrochemical synthesis of Fe2O3 on graphene matrix for indicator-free impedimetric aptasensing. Talanta 2013; 105:229-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2012.11.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2012] [Revised: 11/17/2012] [Accepted: 11/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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42
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Luo X, Davis JJ. Electrical biosensors and the label free detection of protein disease biomarkers. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 42:5944-62. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60077g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 331] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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43
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Chen Z, Guo J, Li J, Guo L. Tetrahexahedral Au nanocrystals/aptamer based ultrasensitive electrochemical biosensor. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra41065j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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44
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Borges J, Campiña JM, Silva AF. Chitosanbiopolymer–F(ab′)2immunoconjugate films for enhanced antigen recognition. J Mater Chem B 2013; 1:500-511. [DOI: 10.1039/c2tb00115b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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45
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Li B, Ellington* AD. Electrochemical Techniques as Powerful Readout Methods for Aptamer-based Biosensors. DNA CONJUGATES AND SENSORS 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/9781849734936-00211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Aptamers are single-stranded nucleic acids that can be selected in vitro with special folding structures to bind to many different small-molecule, protein, and cellular targets. Over the past two decades, aptamers have become novel promising recognition elements for the fabrication of biosensors. These ‘aptasensors’ have several advantages over antibodies in that they are relatively easy to synthesise or modify in vitro, and can be appended with linkers and reporters for adaptation to various sensing strategies. In this chapter, we introduce the various electrochemical techniques that can be used as powerful readout methods for aptasensors, providing a brief introduction to aptamers and related electrochemical techniques, and then a detailed description of various branches within the field, including labelled strategies, unlabelled strategies, and enzyme-amplified strategies. For each type of approach, several basic and improved design principles will be addressed. It is hoped that, through this discussion, readers will get a sense of how several variables (aptamers, targets and redox reporters) are successfully combined with electrochemical techniques in order to produce a series of sensing platforms with high selectivity and sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingling Li
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA
| | - Andrew D. Ellington*
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA
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Cheng W, Ding S, Li Q, Yu T, Yin Y, Ju H, Ren G. A simple electrochemical aptasensor for ultrasensitive protein detection using cyclic target-induced primer extension. Biosens Bioelectron 2012; 36:12-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2012.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2012] [Revised: 03/01/2012] [Accepted: 03/16/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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47
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Luo C, Lei Y, Yan L, Yu T, Li Q, Zhang D, Ding S, Ju H. A Rapid and Sensitive Aptamer-Based Electrochemical Biosensor for Direct Detection of Escherichia Coli O111. ELECTROANAL 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201100700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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48
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Yin XB. Functional nucleic acids for electrochemical and electrochemiluminescent sensing applications. Trends Analyt Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2011.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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49
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Zou M, Chen Y, Xu X, Huang H, Liu F, Li N. The homogeneous fluorescence anisotropic sensing of salivary lysozyme using the 6-carboxyfluorescein-labeled DNA aptamer. Biosens Bioelectron 2011; 32:148-54. [PMID: 22217604 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2011.11.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2011] [Revised: 11/26/2011] [Accepted: 11/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A simple and sensitive fluorescence anisotropy method was developed for lysozyme, employing the coupling of fluorophore, 6-carboxyfluorescein (FAM), with lysozyme upon recognition between the target molecule and its DNA aptamer. It was found in this study that the rotational dynamic of the detecting system is crucial to obtain a high anisotropy signal that cannot always be achieved by simply increasing the molecular volume, because molecular volume increase may not be able to efficiently retard the rotational movement of the fluorophore. FAM was selected as the label of the ssDNA aptamer to effectively facilitate the change of the fluorophore from a primarily independent segmental movement to slow global rotation. The time-resolved measurements, including lifetime and dynamic fluorescence anisotropy, were conducted to study the recognition interaction and to better understand the methodology. The proposed method had a wide linear dynamic range of 12.5-300 nM and a high sensitivity with the limit of detection of 4.9 nM (3S/N). This proposed method was successfully applied to assay of human salivary lysozyme. The results based on the standard addition recovery and comparison with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) demonstrated the feasibility of this method for biological samples. Using coupling between the fluorophore and the analyte can be one of the approaches working toward expanding the application of fluorescence anisotropy based on aptamer-target and antibody-antigen recognitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjian Zou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
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50
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Gan X, Yuan R, Chai Y, Yuan Y, Mao L, Cao Y, Liao Y. 4-(dimethylamino)butyric acid@PtNPs as enhancer for solid-state electrochemiluminescence aptasensor based on target-induced strand displacement. Biosens Bioelectron 2011; 34:25-9. [PMID: 22387036 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2011.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2011] [Revised: 11/09/2011] [Accepted: 11/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A solid-state electrochemiluminescence (ECL) aptasensor based on target-induced aptamer displacement for highly sensitive detection of thrombin was developed successfully using 4-(dimethylamino)butyric acid (DMBA)@PtNPs labeling as enhancer. Such a special aptasensor included three main parts: ECL substrate, ECL intensity amplification and target-induced aptamer displacement. The ECL substrate was made by modifying the complex of Pt nanoparticles (PtNPs) and tris(2,2-bipyridyl) ruthenium (II) (Ru(bpy)(3)(2+)) (Ru-PtNPs) onto nafion@multi-walled carbon nanotubes (nafion@MWCNTs) modified electrode surface. A complementary thrombin aptamer labeled by DMBA@PtNPs (Aptamer II) acted as the ECL intensity amplification. The thrombin aptamer (TBA) was applied to hybridize with the labeled complementary thrombin aptamer, yielding a duplex complex of TBA-Aptamer II on the electrode surface. The introduction of thrombin triggered the displacement of Aptamer II from the self-assembled duplex into the solution and the association of inert protein thrombin on the electrode surface, decreasing the amount of DMBA@PtNPs and increasing the electron transfer resistance of the aptasensor and thus resulting large decrease in ECL signal. With the synergistic amplification of DMBA and PtNPs to Ru(bpy)(3)(2+) ECL, the aptasensor showed an enlarged ECL intensity change before and after the detection of thrombin. As a result, the change of ECL intensity has a direct relationship with the logarithm of thrombin concentration in the range of 0.001-30 nM. The detection limit of the proposed aptasensor is 0.4 pM. Thus, the approach is expected to open new opportunities for protein diagnostics in clinical as well as bioanalysis in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianxue Gan
- Key Laboratory on Luminescence and Real-Time Analysis, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, PR China
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