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Yeh N, Zhu Y, Moeller KD. Electroorganic Synthesis and the Construction of Addressable Molecular Surfaces. ChemElectroChem 2019; 6:4134-4143. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201900851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nai‐Hua Yeh
- Department of ChemistryWashington University in St. Louis St. Louis, MO 63130 USA
| | - Yu Zhu
- Department of ChemistryWashington University in St. Louis St. Louis, MO 63130 USA
| | - Kevin D. Moeller
- Department of ChemistryWashington University in St. Louis St. Louis, MO 63130 USA
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2
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Yeh NH, Medcalf M, Moeller KD. Organic Electrochemistry and a Role Reversal: Using Synthesis To Optimize Electrochemical Methods. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:7395-7398. [PMID: 29856612 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b02922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Diblock copolymers are excellent coatings for microelectrode arrays because they provide a stable surface that can support both synthetic and analytical electrochemistry. However, the surfaces that are optimal for synthetic studies are not the same as the surfaces that are optimal for analytical studies. Hence, no one surface provides an ideal platform for both building and analyzing a molecular library. Fortunately, the synthetic chemistry available on a microelectrode array allows a surface that is ideal for synthesis can be converted into one that is ideal for signaling studies; a scenario that allows for the use of an optimized synthetic and analytical surface on a single microelectrode array.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nai-Hua Yeh
- Washington University in Saint Louis , Saint Louis , Missouri 63130 , United States
| | - Matthew Medcalf
- Washington University in Saint Louis , Saint Louis , Missouri 63130 , United States
| | - Kevin D Moeller
- Washington University in Saint Louis , Saint Louis , Missouri 63130 , United States
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3
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Moeller KD. Using Physical Organic Chemistry To Shape the Course of Electrochemical Reactions. Chem Rev 2018; 118:4817-4833. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 373] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin D. Moeller
- Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
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4
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Ma X, Li F, Xie Z, Xue M, Zheng Z, Zhang X. Size-tunable, highly sensitive microelectrode arrays enabled by polymer pen lithography. SOFT MATTER 2017; 13:3685-3689. [PMID: 28492664 DOI: 10.1039/c6sm02791a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
By combining polymer pen lithography (PPL) patterning with in situ polymerization, we report a straightforward and bottom-up approach for bench-top fabrication of microelectrode arrays (MEAs) with well-controlled dimensions. The as-fabricated MEAs can be used to electrodeposit prussian blue in situ and work as a biosensor for H2O2 with a detection limit as low as 5 nM at a sensitivity of 0.7 A cm-2 M-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlei Ma
- Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science & Technology Beijing, 100083, Beijing, P. R. China.
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5
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Graaf MD, Marquez BV, Yeh NH, Lapi SE, Moeller KD. New Methods for the Site-Selective Placement of Peptides on a Microelectrode Array: Probing VEGF-v107 Binding as Proof of Concept. ACS Chem Biol 2016; 11:2829-2837. [PMID: 27556638 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.6b00685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cu(I)-catalyzed "click" reactions cannot be performed on a borate ester derived polymer coating on a microelectrode array because the Cu(II) precursor for the catalyst triggers background reactions between both acetylene and azide groups with the polymer surface. Fortunately, the Cu(II)-background reaction can itself be used to site-selectively add the acetylene and azide nucleophiles to the surface of the array. In this way, molecules previously functionalized for use in "click" reactions can be added directly to the array. In a similar fashion, activated esters can be added site-selectively to a borate ester coated array. The new chemistry can be used to explore new biological interactions on the arrays. Specifically, the binding of a v107 derived peptide with both human and murine VEGF was probed using a functionalized microelectrode array.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D. Graaf
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Bernadette V. Marquez
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Nai-Hua Yeh
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Suzanne E. Lapi
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Kevin D. Moeller
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
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6
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Graaf MD, Moeller KD. Chemoselectivity and the Chan–Lam Coupling Reaction: Adding Amino Acids to Polymer-Coated Microelectrode Arrays. J Org Chem 2016; 81:1527-34. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b02656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D. Graaf
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Kevin D. Moeller
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
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7
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Akanda MR, Sohail M, Aziz MA, Kawde AN. Recent Advances in Nanomaterial-Modified Pencil Graphite Electrodes for Electroanalysis. ELECTROANAL 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201500374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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8
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Graaf MD, Moeller KD. Introduction to Microelectrode Arrays, the Site-Selective Functionalization of Electrode Surfaces, and the Real-Time Detection of Binding Events. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:7697-7706. [PMID: 25536120 DOI: 10.1021/la504254e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Microelectrode arrays have great potential as analytical tools because currents can be independently measured at each electrode in the array. In principle, these currents can be monitored in order to follow in real time the binding events that occur between the members of a molecular library and a biological target. To capitalize on this potential, the surface of the array must be selectively functionalized so that each unique member of the molecular library is associated with a unique individually addressable electrode or set of electrodes in the array. To this end, this instructional review summarizes methods for coating the arrays with porous polymers that allow for the attachment of molecules to the surface of the array, selectively conducting reactions at individual electrodes in the array, characterizing molecules that are placed on the arrays, and running the analytical experiments needed to monitor in real time binding events between molecules on the array and a biological target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Graaf
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Kevin D Moeller
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
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9
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Uppal S, Graaf MD, Moeller KD. Microelectrode Arrays and the Use of PEG-Functionalized Diblock Copolymer Coatings. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2015; 4:318-28. [PMID: 25587425 PMCID: PMC4264361 DOI: 10.3390/bios4030318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Revised: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PEG-modified diblock copolymer surfaces have been examined for their compatibility with microelectrode array based analytical methods. The use of PEG-modified polymer surfaces on the arrays was initially problematic because the redox couples used in the experiments were adsorbed by the polymer. This led the current measured by cyclic voltammetry for the redox couple to be unstable and increase with time. However, two key findings allow the experiments to be successful. First, after multiple cyclic voltammograms the current associated with the redox couple does stabilize so that a good baseline current can be established. Second, the rate at which the current stabilizes is consistent every time a particular coated array is used. Hence, multiple analytical experiments can be conducted on an array coated with a PEG-modified diblock copolymer and the data obtained is comparable as long as the data for each experiment is collected at a consistent time point.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakshi Uppal
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; E-Mails: (S.U.); (M.D.G.)
| | - Matthew D Graaf
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; E-Mails: (S.U.); (M.D.G.)
| | - Kevin D Moeller
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; E-Mails: (S.U.); (M.D.G.)
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10
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Moeller KD. Electrochemically Generated Organometallic Reagents and Site-Selective Synthesis on a Microelectrode Array. Organometallics 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/om500227f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin D. Moeller
- Department
of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
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11
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Zhang Y, Liu F, Nie J, Jiang F, Zhou C, Yang J, Fan J, Li J. An electrochemical sensing platform based on local repression of electrolyte diffusion for single-step, reagentless, sensitive detection of a sequence-specific DNA-binding protein. Analyst 2014; 139:2193-8. [PMID: 24647581 DOI: 10.1039/c4an00096j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we report for the first time an electrochemical biosensor for single-step, reagentless, and picomolar detection of a sequence-specific DNA-binding protein using a double-stranded, electrode-bound DNA probe terminally modified with a redox active label close to the electrode surface. This new methodology is based upon local repression of electrolyte diffusion associated with protein-DNA binding that leads to reduction of the electrochemical response of the label. In the proof-of-concept study, the resulting electrochemical biosensor was quantitatively sensitive to the concentrations of the TATA binding protein (TBP, a model analyte) ranging from 40 pM to 25.4 nM with an estimated detection limit of ∼10.6 pM (∼80 to 400-fold improvement on the detection limit over previous electrochemical analytical systems).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China.
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12
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Nguyen BH, Kesselring D, Tesfu E, Moeller KD. Microelectrode arrays: a general strategy for using oxidation reactions to site selectively modify electrode surfaces. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:2280-2286. [PMID: 24499393 DOI: 10.1021/la404895b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Oxidation reactions are powerful tools for synthesis because they allow for the functionalization of molecules. Here, we present a general method for conducting these reactions on a microelectrode array in a site-selective fashion. The reactions are run as a competition between generation of a chemical oxidant at the electrodes in the array and reduction of the oxidant by a "confining agent" in the solution above the array. The "confining agent" does not need to be more reactive than the substrate fixed to the surface of the array. In many cases, the same substrate placed on the surface of the array can also be used in solution as the confining agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bichlien H Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University , St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
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13
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Date Y, Aota A, Sasaki K, Namiki Y, Matsumoto N, Watanabe Y, Ohmura N, Matsue T. Label-Free Impedimetric Immunoassay for Trace Levels of Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Insulating Oil. Anal Chem 2014; 86:2989-96. [DOI: 10.1021/ac4035289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasumoto Date
- Environmental
Science Research Laboratory, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, 1646 Abiko, Abiko City, Chiba 270-1194, Japan
- Graduate
School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 6-6-11, Aramaki, Aoba, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Arata Aota
- Environmental
Science Research Laboratory, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, 1646 Abiko, Abiko City, Chiba 270-1194, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Sasaki
- Environmental
Science Research Laboratory, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, 1646 Abiko, Abiko City, Chiba 270-1194, Japan
| | - Yukie Namiki
- Abiko Office of
Electric Power Engineering Systems Co., Ltd., 1646 Abiko, Abiko City, Chiba 270-1194, Japan
| | - Norio Matsumoto
- Environmental
Science Research Laboratory, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, 1646 Abiko, Abiko City, Chiba 270-1194, Japan
- Graduate
School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 6-6-11, Aramaki, Aoba, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Yoshitomo Watanabe
- Environmental
Science Research Laboratory, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, 1646 Abiko, Abiko City, Chiba 270-1194, Japan
- Graduate
School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 6-6-11, Aramaki, Aoba, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Naoya Ohmura
- Environmental
Science Research Laboratory, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, 1646 Abiko, Abiko City, Chiba 270-1194, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Matsue
- Graduate
School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 6-6-11, Aramaki, Aoba, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
- Tohoku
University,
The World Premier International Research Center Initiative, Advanced
Institute for Material Research (WPI-AIMR), 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba, Sendai 980-8577 Japan
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14
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Zhang N, Si Y, Sun Z, Li S, Li S, Lin Y, Wang H. Lab-on-a-drop: biocompatible fluorescent nanoprobes of gold nanoclusters for label-free evaluation of phosphorylation-induced inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity towards the ultrasensitive detection of pesticide residues. Analyst 2014; 139:4620-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c4an00855c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The catalysis and phosphorylated inhibition of acetylcholinesterase were monitored using fluorescent AuNCs nanoprobes for detecting pesticide residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhang
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Qufu Normal University
- Qufu City, P. R. China
| | - Yanmei Si
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Qufu Normal University
- Qufu City, P. R. China
| | - Zongzhao Sun
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Qufu Normal University
- Qufu City, P. R. China
| | - Shuai Li
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Qufu Normal University
- Qufu City, P. R. China
| | - Shuying Li
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Qufu Normal University
- Qufu City, P. R. China
| | - Yuehe Lin
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University
- Pullman, USA
| | - Hua Wang
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Qufu Normal University
- Qufu City, P. R. China
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15
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Peixoto de Almeida M, Pereira E, Baptista P, Gomes I, Figueiredo S, Soares L, Franco R. Gold Nanoparticles as (Bio)Chemical Sensors. GOLD NANOPARTICLES IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63285-2.00013-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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16
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Smith JA, Moeller KD. Oxidative Cyclizations, the Synthesis of Aryl-Substituted C-Glycosides, and the Role of the Second Electron Transfer Step. Org Lett 2013; 15:5818-21. [DOI: 10.1021/ol402826z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jake A. Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Kevin D. Moeller
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
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17
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Radhakrishnan R, Jahne M, Rogers S, Suni II. Detection ofListeria Monocytogenesby Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy. ELECTROANAL 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201300140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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18
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Wu NY, Gao W, He XL, Chang Z, Xu MT. Direct electrochemical sensor for label-free DNA detection based on zero current potentiometry. Biosens Bioelectron 2013; 39:210-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2012.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2012] [Revised: 07/16/2012] [Accepted: 07/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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19
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Pei X, Zhang B, Tang J, Liu B, Lai W, Tang D. Sandwich-type immunosensors and immunoassays exploiting nanostructure labels: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2012; 758:1-18. [PMID: 23245891 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2012.10.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 295] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2012] [Revised: 10/25/2012] [Accepted: 10/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Methods based on sandwich-type immunosensors and immunoassays have been developed for detection of multivalent antigens/analytes with more than one eptiope due to the use of two matched antibodies. High-affinity antibodies and appropriate labels are usually employed for the amplification of detectable signal. Recent research has looked to develop innovative and powerful novel nanoparticle labels, controlling and tailoring their properties in a very predictable manner to meet the requirements of specific applications. This articles reviews recent advances, exploiting nanoparticle labels, in the sandwich-type immunosensors and immunoassays. Routine approaches involve noble metal nanoparticles, carbon nanomaterials, semiconductor nanoparticles, metal oxide nanostructures, and hybrid nanostructures. The enormous signal enhancement associated with the use of nanoparticle labels and with the formation of nanoparticle-antibody-antigen assemblies provides the basis for sensitive detection of disease-related proteins or biomolecules. Techniques commonly rely on the use of biofunctionalized nanoparticles, inorganic-biological hybrid nanoparticles, and signal tag-doped nanoparticles. Rather than being exhaustive, this review focuses on selected examples to illustrate novel concepts and promising applications. Approaches described include the biofunctionalized nanoparticles, inorganic-biological hybrid nanoparticles, and signal tage-doped nanoparticles. Further, promising application in electrochemical, mass-sensitive, optical and multianalyte detection are discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Pei
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, PR China
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Fellet MS, Bartels JL, Bi B, Moeller KD. Site-selective chemistry and the attachment of peptides to the surface of a microelectrode array. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:16891-8. [PMID: 22992158 DOI: 10.1021/ja308121d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Peptides have been site-selectively placed on microelectrode arrays with the use of both thiol-based conjugate additions and Cu(I)-coupling reactions between thiols and aryl halides. The conjugate addition reactions used both acrylate and maleimide Michael acceptors. Of the two methods, the Cu(I)-coupling reactions proved far superior because of their irreversibility. Surfaces constructed with the conjugate addition chemistry were not stable at neutral pHs, especially the surface using the maleimide acceptor. Once a peptide was placed onto the array, it could be monitored in "real-time" for its interactions with a biological receptor.
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Nie J, Zhang Y, Lin L, Zhou C, Li S, Zhang L, Li J. Low-Cost Fabrication of Paper-Based Microfluidic Devices by One-Step Plotting. Anal Chem 2012; 84:6331-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ac203496c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinfang Nie
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Liwen Lin
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Caibin Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Shuhuai Li
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Lianming Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Jianping Li
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
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22
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Huan TN, Hung LQ, Ha VTT, Anh NH, Van Khai T, Shim KB, Chung H. Spirally oriented Au microelectrode array sensor for detection of Hg (II). Talanta 2012; 94:284-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2012.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2012] [Accepted: 03/21/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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23
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Nie J, Zhang Y, Wang H, Wang S, Shen G. Superhydrophobic surface-based magnetic electrochemical immunoassay for detection of Schistosoma japonicum antibodies. Biosens Bioelectron 2012; 33:23-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2011.11.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2011] [Revised: 11/16/2011] [Accepted: 11/29/2011] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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24
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Tanabe T, Bi B, Hu L, Maurer K, Moeller KD. Building addressable libraries: amino acid derived fluorescent linkers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:1689-1693. [PMID: 22229811 DOI: 10.1021/la2047257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A new amino acid derived fluorescent linker for attaching molecules to the surface of a microelectrode array has been developed. Molecules to be monitored on an array are attached to the C-terminus of the linker, the N-terminus is then used to attach the linker to the array, and the side chain is used to synthesize a fluorescent tag. The fluorescent group is made with a one-step oxidative cycloaddition reaction starting from a hydroxyindole group. The linker is compatible with site-selective Cu(I)-chemistry on the array, it allows for quality control assessment of the array itself, and it is compatible with the electrochemical impedance experiments used to monitor binding events on the surface of the array.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takamasa Tanabe
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
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25
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Bi B, Huang RYC, Maurer K, Chen C, Moeller KD. Site-selective, cleavable linkers: quality control and the characterization of small molecules on microelectrode arrays. J Org Chem 2011; 76:9053-9. [PMID: 21958106 DOI: 10.1021/jo2017907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A "safety-catch" linker strategy has been used to release a portion of the products of a Diels-Alder reaction conducted on a microelectrode array for characterization of stereochemistry. The attachment and cleavage of organic compounds from the surface of selected electrodes in the array can be accomplished by site-selective generation of base or acid at the electrode. It was found that the surface of the array had a minor influence on the stereochemistry of the Diels-Alder reaction, leading to slightly more of the exo-product relative to a similar solution-phase reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Bi
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
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26
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Cao X, Ye Y, Liu S. Gold nanoparticle-based signal amplification for biosensing. Anal Biochem 2011; 417:1-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2011.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 301] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2011] [Revised: 05/09/2011] [Accepted: 05/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Bartels J, Lu P, Maurer K, Walker AV, Moeller KD. Site-selectively functionalizing microelectrode arrays: the use of Cu(I)-catalysts. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2011; 27:11199-11205. [PMID: 21774537 DOI: 10.1021/la201881k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Site-selective Cu(I)-catalyzed reactions have been developed on microelectrode arrays. The reactions are confined to preselected electrodes on the arrays using oxygen as the confining agent. Conditions initially developed for the Cu(I)-catalyzed click reaction have proven general for the coupling of amine, alcohol, and sulfur nucleophiles to both vinyl and aryl iodides. Differences between reactions run on 1-K arrays and reactions run on 12-K arrays can be attributed to the 1-K array reactions being divided cell electrolyses and the 12-K array reactions being undivided cell electrolyses. Reactions on the 12-K arrays benefit from the use of a non-sugar-derived porous reaction layer for the attachment of substrates to the surface of the electrodes. The reactions are sensitive to the nature of the ligand used for the Cu catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Bartels
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
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Li C, Fu Z, Li Z, Wang Z, Wei W. Cross-talk-free multiplexed immunoassay using a disposable electrochemiluminescent immunosensor array coupled with a non-array detector. Biosens Bioelectron 2011; 27:141-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2011.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2011] [Revised: 06/01/2011] [Accepted: 06/26/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Labukas JP, Ferguson GS. Direct route to well-defined, chemically diverse electrode arrays. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2011; 27:3219-3223. [PMID: 21348509 DOI: 10.1021/la104057u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The selective placement of molecules of interest at specific locations on surfaces is a keystone for the bridge between interfacial science and technology. One approach to this problem is the use of electrochemistry to direct interfacial reactions that immobilize species from solution onto surfaces. In this study, sets of individually functionalized gold electrodes were formed by the selective formation of monolayers from four different alkyl thiosulfates. Analysis of the arrays using spatially resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) revealed each type of functionality exclusively on the electrode to which it was directed. The wetting behavior of these surfaces was also consistent with homogeneous monolayers placed selectively on each electrode. The flexibility of this method provides the ability to produce a wide variety of chemical patterns at interfaces of interest for a range of technological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph P Labukas
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015-3172, United States
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Zhang Y, Wang H, Li J, Nie J, Zhang Y, Shen G, Yu R. Nitrocellulose strip array assembled on superhydrophobic surface: An aqueous solution diffusion-localized platform for multianalyte immunogold staining assays. Biosens Bioelectron 2011; 26:3272-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2010.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2010] [Revised: 11/18/2010] [Accepted: 12/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Shiang YC, Lin CA, Huang CC, Chang HT. Protein A-conjugated luminescent gold nanodots as a label-free assay for immunoglobulin G in plasma. Analyst 2011; 136:1177-82. [DOI: 10.1039/c0an00889c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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32
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Wu W, Yi P, He P, Jing T, Liao K, Yang K, Wang H. Nanosilver-doped DNA polyion complex membrane for electrochemical immunoassay of carcinoembryonic antigen using nanogold-labeled secondary antibodies. Anal Chim Acta 2010; 673:126-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2010.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2010] [Revised: 05/21/2010] [Accepted: 05/24/2010] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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33
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Yun YH, Bhattacharya A, Watts NB, Schulz MJ. A label-free electronic biosensor for detection of bone turnover markers. SENSORS 2009; 9:7957-69. [PMID: 22408488 PMCID: PMC3292091 DOI: 10.3390/s91007957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2009] [Revised: 09/29/2009] [Accepted: 09/30/2009] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes the development of a biosensor based on label-free immunosensing for the detection of the C-terminal telopeptide bone turnover marker from type-1 collagen. A self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of dithiodipropionic acid was deposited on a gold electrode. Then streptavidin and biotinylated anti-human C-terminal telopeptide antibody were successively conjugated on the self-assembled monolayer. Electrochemical impedance measurements were made to characterize each step of the SAM/streptavidin/biotinylated antibody binding. Subsequently, electrochemical impedance was measured with different concentrations of C-teminal telopeptide. A detection limit of 50 ng/mL and a dynamic range up to 3 μg/mL were achieved. To our knowledge, this is the first attempt to develop a label-free immunosensor based on electrochemical impedance with DC bias for detection of bone-related degradation and rebuilding products. The electronic biosensor might eventually be used for quantitative point-of-care screening of bone health. It is hoped that analysis of bone turnover markers can indicate the beginning of bone diseases such as osteoarthritis and osteoporosis so that treatment might start early when it is most effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeo-Heung Yun
- Nanoworld and Smart Materials and Devices Laboratory, College of Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA; E-Mail:
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +1-513-556-2060; Fax: +1-513-556-3390
| | - Amit Bhattacharya
- Environmental Health, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Nelson B. Watts
- College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati Bone Health and Osteoporosis Center, 222, Piedmont Avenue, Suite 6300, Cincinnati, OH 45219; E-Mail:
| | - Mark J. Schulz
- Nanoworld and Smart Materials and Devices Laboratory, College of Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA; E-Mail:
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