1
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Shao S, Wang Y, Xie Z, Xu R, Wan X, Wang E, Wang Z, Liu S, Chen C, Yang H. 96-well plate format in conjunction with ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to orbitrap mass spectrometry for high-throughput screening protein binders from ginseng. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2021; 209:114498. [PMID: 34952293 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Conventional strategies for screening of protein binders cannot be used for complicated samples such as ligand libraries created by combinatorial chemistry or from natural product extracts. In the current study, we developed a novel method in a competitive binding configuration for screening protein binders from complicated samples by a combination of streptavidin-coated 96-well plate format in conjunction with ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with Orbitrap mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Orbitrap-MS). The concanavalin A (Con A) modified 96-well plate and lysozyme modified 96-well plate (as control) were incubated with oligosaccharide standards respectively, and the compounds with the decreased peak areas in experimental group compared to those in the control group were detected as binders by UHPLC-ESI-MS. The factors such as incubation time, incubation temperature, and buffer, which might affect the binding affinity and reproducibility were optimized. The potential of the approach is examined using the extracts of Radix ginseng cruda and American ginseng. The relative binding degrees (RBDs) of the detected disaccharides were relatively high in the extracts of Radix ginseng cruda, and those of the trisaccharides were similar in the extracts of the two kinds of ginseng. To our knowledge, it's the first time to reveal the differences and analogies in lectin peanut agglutinin (PNA)-binding capabilities of oligosaccharides between the extracts of radix ginseng cruda and American ginseng, indicating the efficiency of the method for analysis of complicated samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simeng Shao
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Yihan Wang
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Zhaoyang Xie
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Ruiyang Xu
- Jilin Shenshi Biological Technology Co., Ltd., Changchun 130028, China
| | - Xilin Wan
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Enpeng Wang
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Zhongxi Wang
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Shuying Liu
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Changbao Chen
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China.
| | - Hongmei Yang
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China.
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2
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Mende M, Bordoni V, Tsouka A, Loeffler FF, Delbianco M, Seeberger PH. Multivalent glycan arrays. Faraday Discuss 2020; 219:9-32. [PMID: 31298252 DOI: 10.1039/c9fd00080a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Glycan microarrays have become a powerful technology to study biological processes, such as cell-cell interaction, inflammation, and infections. Yet, several challenges, especially in multivalent display, remain. In this introductory lecture we discuss the state-of-the-art glycan microarray technology, with emphasis on novel approaches to access collections of pure glycans and their immobilization on surfaces. Future directions to mimic the natural glycan presentation on an array format, as well as in situ generation of combinatorial glycan collections, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Mende
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.
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3
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A Universal Photochemical Method to Prepare Carbohydrate Sensors Based on Perfluorophenylazide Modified Polydopamine for Study of Carbohydrate-Lectin Interactions by QCM Biosensor. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11061023. [PMID: 31185633 PMCID: PMC6631999 DOI: 10.3390/polym11061023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
A universal photochemical method to prepare carbohydrate sensors based on perfluorophenylazide (PFPA) modified polydopamine (PDA) for the study of carbohydrate–lectin interactions by a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) biosensor was developed. The PFPA was immobilized on PDA-coated gold sensors via Schiff base reactions. Upon light irradiation, the underivatized carbohydrates were inserted into the sensor surface, including mannose, galactose, fucose and N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc). Carbohydrate sensors were evaluated for the binding to a series of plant lectins. A kinetic study of the interactions between mannose and concanavalin A (Con A), fucose and Ulex europaeus agglutinin I (UEA-I) were performed. This method can eliminate the tedious modification of carbohydrates, improve the experimental efficiency, and reduce the experimental cost, which is of great significance for the development of QCM biosensors and the study of biomolecular interactions.
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4
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Shang K, Song S, Cheng Y, Guo L, Pei Y, Lv X, Aastrup T, Pei Z. Fabrication of Carbohydrate Chips Based on Polydopamine for Real-Time Determination of Carbohydrate⁻Lectin Interactions by QCM Biosensor. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E1275. [PMID: 30961200 PMCID: PMC6401853 DOI: 10.3390/polym10111275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel approach for preparing carbohydrate chips based on polydopamine (PDA) surface to study carbohydrate⁻lectin interactions by quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) biosensor instrument has been developed. The amino-carbohydrates were immobilized on PDA-coated quartz crystals via Schiff base reaction and/or Michael addition reaction. The resulting carbohydrate-chips were applied to QCM biosensor instrument with flow-through system for real-time detection of lectin⁻carbohydrate interactions. A series of plant lectins, including wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), concanavalin A (Con A), Ulex europaeus agglutinin I (UEA-I), soybean agglutinin (SBA), and peanut agglutinin (PNA), were evaluated for the binding to different kinds of carbohydrate chips. Clearly, the results show that the predicted lectin selectively binds to the carbohydrates, which demonstrates the applicability of the approach. Furthermore, the kinetics of the interactions between Con A and mannose, WGA and N-Acetylglucosamine were studied, respectively. This study provides an efficient approach to preparing carbohydrate chips based on PDA for the lectin⁻carbohydrate interactions study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Shang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Siyu Song
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Yaping Cheng
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Lili Guo
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Yuxin Pei
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Xiaomeng Lv
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | | | - Zhichao Pei
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
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5
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Sundhoro M, Wang H, Boiko ST, Chen X, Jayawardena HSN, Park J, Yan M. Fabrication of carbohydrate microarrays on a poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate)-based photoactive substrate. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:1124-30. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ob01417d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A carbohydrate microarray was fabricated on a PHEMA-based photoactive polymer. The arrays showed strong signals, and were used to probe carbohydrate-mediated interactions with lectin and bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Massachusetts Lowell
- Lowell
- USA
| | - Scott T. Boiko
- Department of Biology
- University of Massachusetts Lowell
- Lowell
- USA
| | - Xuan Chen
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Massachusetts Lowell
- Lowell
- USA
| | | | - JaeHyeung Park
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Massachusetts Lowell
- Lowell
- USA
| | - Mingdi Yan
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Massachusetts Lowell
- Lowell
- USA
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6
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Sun YS. Use of Microarrays as a High-Throughput Platform for Label-Free Biosensing. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 20:334-53. [DOI: 10.1177/2211068215577570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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7
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Alves I, Kurylo I, Coffinier Y, Siriwardena A, Zaitsev V, Harté E, Boukherroub R, Szunerits S. Plasmon waveguide resonance for sensing glycan–lectin interactions. Anal Chim Acta 2015; 873:71-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.02.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Revised: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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8
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Xie S, Fukumoto R, Ramström O, Yan M. Anilide formation from thioacids and perfluoroaryl azides. J Org Chem 2015; 80:4392-7. [PMID: 25837012 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b00240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
A metal-free method for fast and clean anilide formation from perfluoroaryl azide and thioacid is presented. The reaction proved highly efficient, displaying fast kinetics, high yield, and good chemoselectivity. The transformation was compatible with various solvents and tolerant to a wide variety of functional groups, and it showed high performance in polar protic/aprotic media, including aqueous buffer systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Xie
- †Department of Chemistry, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 36, S-10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ryo Fukumoto
- †Department of Chemistry, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 36, S-10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Olof Ramström
- †Department of Chemistry, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 36, S-10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mingdi Yan
- †Department of Chemistry, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 36, S-10044 Stockholm, Sweden.,‡Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Lowell, 1 University Avenue, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, United States
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9
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Bhattarai JK, Sharma A, Fujikawa K, Demchenko AV, Stine KJ. Electrochemical synthesis of nanostructured gold film for the study of carbohydrate-lectin interactions using localized surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy. Carbohydr Res 2015; 405:55-65. [PMID: 25442712 PMCID: PMC4355165 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2014.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Revised: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 08/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) spectroscopy is a label-free chemical and biological molecular sensing technique whose sensitivity depends upon development of nanostructured transducers. Herein, we report an electrodeposition method for fabricating nanostructured gold films (NGFs) that can be used as transducers in LSPR spectroscopy. The NGF was prepared by electrodepositing gold from potassium dicyanoaurate solution onto a flat gold surface using two sequential controlled potential steps. Imaging by scanning electron microscopy reveals a morphology consisting of randomly configured block-like nanostructures. The bulk refractive index sensitivity of the prepared NGF is 100±2 nmRIU(-1) and the initial peak in the reflectance spectrum is at 518±1 nm under N2(g). The figure of merit is 1.7. In addition, we have studied the interaction between carbohydrate (mannose) and lectin (Concanavalin A) on the NGF surface using LSPR spectroscopy by measuring the interaction of 8-mercaptooctyl-α-d-mannopyranoside (αMan-C8-SH) with Concanavalin A by first immobilizing αMan-C8-SH in mixed SAMs with 3,6-dioxa-8-mercaptooctanol (TEG-SH) on the NGF surface. The interaction of Con A with the mixed SAMs is confirmed using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Finally, the NGF surface was regenerated to its original sensitivity by removing the SAM and the bound biomolecules. The results from these experiments contribute toward the development of inexpensive LSPR based sensors that could be useful for studying glycan-protein interactions and other bioanalytical purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay K Bhattarai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri-St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, MO 63121, United States; Center for Nanoscience, University of Missouri-St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, MO 63121, United States
| | - Abeera Sharma
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri-St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, MO 63121, United States; Center for Nanoscience, University of Missouri-St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, MO 63121, United States
| | - Kohki Fujikawa
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri-St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, MO 63121, United States
| | - Alexei V Demchenko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri-St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, MO 63121, United States
| | - Keith J Stine
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri-St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, MO 63121, United States; Center for Nanoscience, University of Missouri-St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, MO 63121, United States.
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10
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Yang J, Moraillon A, Siriwardena A, Boukherroub R, Ozanam F, Gouget-Laemmel AC, Szunerits S. Carbohydrate Microarray for the Detection of Glycan–Protein Interactions Using Metal-Enhanced Fluorescence. Anal Chem 2015; 87:3721-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ac504262b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- Physique
de la Matière Condensée, Ecole Polytechnique-CNRS, 91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - Anne Moraillon
- Physique
de la Matière Condensée, Ecole Polytechnique-CNRS, 91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - Aloysius Siriwardena
- Laboratoire
de Glycochimie des Antimicrobiens et des Agroressources (LG2A), (FRE
3517-CNRS), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 33 Rue St
Leu, 80039 Amiens, France
| | - Rabah Boukherroub
- Institut
d’Electronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie
(IEMN, CNRS-8520), Université Lille 1, Cité Scientifique,
Avenue Poincaré B.P. 60069, 59652 Villeneuve d’Ascq, France
| | - François Ozanam
- Physique
de la Matière Condensée, Ecole Polytechnique-CNRS, 91128 Palaiseau, France
| | | | - Sabine Szunerits
- Institut
d’Electronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie
(IEMN, CNRS-8520), Université Lille 1, Cité Scientifique,
Avenue Poincaré B.P. 60069, 59652 Villeneuve d’Ascq, France
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11
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Zorn G, Castner DG, Tyagi A, Wang X, Wang H, Yan M. Analysis of the surface density and reactivity of perfluorophenylazide and the impact on ligand immobilization. JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY. A, VACUUM, SURFACES, AND FILMS : AN OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VACUUM SOCIETY 2015; 33:021407. [PMID: 25759511 PMCID: PMC4327916 DOI: 10.1116/1.4907924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Revised: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorophenylazide (PFPA) chemistry is a novel method for tailoring the surface properties of solid surfaces and nanoparticles. It is general and versatile, and has proven to be an efficient way to immobilize graphene, proteins, carbohydrates, and synthetic polymers. The main thrust of this work is to provide a detailed investigation on the chemical composition and surface density of the PFPA tailored surface. Specifically, gold surfaces were treated with PFPA-derivatized (11-mercaptoundecyl)tetra(ethylene glycol) (PFPA-MUTEG) mixed with 2-[2-(2-mercaptoethoxy)ethoxy]ethanol (MDEG) at varying solution mole ratios. Complementary analytical techniques were employed to characterize the resulting films including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to detect fingerprints of the PFPA group, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and ellipsometry to study the homogeneity and uniformity of the films, and near edge x-ray absorption fine structures to study the electronic and chemical structure of the PFPA groups. Results from these studies show that the films prepared from 90:10 and 80:20 PFPA-MUTEG/MDEG mixed solutions exhibited the highest surface density of PFPA and the most homogeneous coverage on the surface. A functional assay using surface plasmon resonance with carbohydrates covalently immobilized onto the PFPA-modified surfaces showed the highest binding affinity for lectin on the PFPA-MUTEG/MDEG film prepared from a 90:10 solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilad Zorn
- National ESCA and Surface Analysis Center for Biomedical Problems, Departments of Bioengineering and Chemical Engineering, University of Washington , Box 351653, Seattle, Washington 98195-1653
| | - David G Castner
- National ESCA and Surface Analysis Center for Biomedical Problems, Departments of Bioengineering and Chemical Engineering, University of Washington , Box 351653, Seattle, Washington 98195-1653
| | - Anuradha Tyagi
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University , Portland, Oregon 97207-0751
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University , Portland, Oregon 97207-0751
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University , Portland, Oregon 97207-0751
| | - Mingdi Yan
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University , Portland, Oregon 97207-0751
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12
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Zorn G, Liu LH, Árnadóttir L, Wang H, Gamble LJ, Castner DG, Yan M. X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Investigation of the Nitrogen Species in Photoactive Perfluorophenylazide-Modified Surfaces. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2014; 118:376-383. [PMID: 24535931 PMCID: PMC3923990 DOI: 10.1021/jp409338y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) was used to characterize the nitrogen species in perfluorophenylazide (PFPA) self-assembled monolayers. PFPA chemistry is a novel immobilization method for tailoring the surface properties of materials. It is a simple route for the efficient immobilization of graphene, proteins, carbohydrates and synthetic polymers onto a variety of surfaces. Upon light irradiation, the azido group in PFPA is converted to a highly reactive singlet nitrene species that readily undergoes CH insertion and C=C addition reactions. Here, the challenge of characterizing the PFPA modified surfaces was addressed by detailed XPS experimental analyses. The three nitrogen peaks detected in the XPS N1s spectra were assigned to amine/amide (400.5 eV) and azide (402.1 and 405.6 eV) species. The observed 2:1 ratio of the areas from the 402.1 eV to 405.6 eV peaks suggests the assignment of the peak at 402.1 eV to the two outer nitrogen atoms in the azido group and assignment of the peak at 405.6 eV to the central nitrogen atom in the azido group. The azide decomposition as the function of x-ray exposure was also determined. Finally, XPS analyses were conducted on patterned graphene to investigate the covalent bond formation between the PFPA and graphene. This study provides strong evidence for the formation of covalent bonds during the PFPA photocoupling process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilad Zorn
- National ESCA and Surface Analysis Center for Biomedical Problems, Departments of Bioengineering and Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Box 351653, Seattle, WA 98195-165
| | - Li-Hong Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, P.O. Box 751, Portland, OR 97207-0751
| | - Líney Árnadóttir
- National ESCA and Surface Analysis Center for Biomedical Problems, Departments of Bioengineering and Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Box 351653, Seattle, WA 98195-165
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, P.O. Box 751, Portland, OR 97207-0751
| | - Lara J. Gamble
- National ESCA and Surface Analysis Center for Biomedical Problems, Departments of Bioengineering and Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Box 351653, Seattle, WA 98195-165
| | - David G. Castner
- National ESCA and Surface Analysis Center for Biomedical Problems, Departments of Bioengineering and Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Box 351653, Seattle, WA 98195-165
| | - Mingdi Yan
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, P.O. Box 751, Portland, OR 97207-0751
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13
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Deng L, Chen X, Varki A. Exploration of sialic acid diversity and biology using sialoglycan microarrays. Biopolymers 2013; 99:650-65. [PMID: 23765393 PMCID: PMC7161822 DOI: 10.1002/bip.22314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Sialic acids (Sias) are a group of α-keto acids with a nine-carbon backbone, which display many types of modifications in nature. The diversity of natural Sia presentations is magnified by a variety of glycosidic linkages to underlying glycans, the sequences and classes of such glycans, as well as the spatial organization of Sias with their surroundings. This diversity is closely linked to the numerous and varied biological functions of Sias. Relatively large libraries of natural and unnatural Sias have recently been chemically/chemoenzymatically synthesized and/or isolated from natural sources. The resulting sialoglycan microarrays have proved to be valuable tools for the exploration of diversity and biology of Sias. Here we provide an overview of Sia diversity in nature, the approaches used to generate sialoglycan microarrays, and the achievements and challenges arising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingquan Deng
- Departments of Medicine and Cellular & Molecular MedicineGlycobiology Research and Training Center, University of CaliforniaSan Diego, La JollaCA92093‐0687
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCA95616
| | - Ajit Varki
- Departments of Medicine and Cellular & Molecular MedicineGlycobiology Research and Training Center, University of CaliforniaSan Diego, La JollaCA92093‐0687
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14
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Abstract
In the last decade, carbohydrate microarrays have been core technologies for analyzing carbohydrate-mediated recognition events in a high-throughput fashion. A number of methods have been exploited for immobilizing glycans on the solid surface in a microarray format. This microarray-based technology has been widely employed for rapid analysis of the glycan binding properties of lectins and antibodies, the quantitative measurements of glycan-protein interactions, detection of cells and pathogens, identification of disease-related anti-glycan antibodies for diagnosis, and fast assessment of substrate specificities of glycosyltransferases. This review covers the construction of carbohydrate microarrays, detection methods of carbohydrate microarrays and their applications in biological and biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungjin Park
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Biofunctional Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
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15
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Wang X, Matei E, Deng L, Koharudin L, Gronenborn AM, Ramström O, Yan M. Sensing lectin-glycan interactions using lectin super-microarrays and glycans labeled with dye-doped silica nanoparticles. Biosens Bioelectron 2013; 47:258-64. [PMID: 23584388 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2013.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Revised: 03/07/2013] [Accepted: 03/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A new microarray platform, based on lectin super-microarrays and glycans labeled with dye-doped nanoparticles, has been developed to study glycan-lectin interactions. Glycan ligands were conjugated onto fluorescein-doped silica nanoparticles (FSNPs) using a general photocoupling chemistry to afford FSNP-labeled glycan probes. Lectins were printed on epoxy slides in duplicate sets to generate lectin super-microarrays where multiple assays could be carried out simultaneously in each lectin microarray. Thus, the lectin super-microarray was treated with FSNP-labeled glycans to screen for specific binding pairs. Furthermore, a series of ligand competition assays were carried out on a single lectin super-microarray to generate the dose-response curve for each glycan-lectin pair, from which the apparent affinity constants were obtained. Results showed 4-7 orders of magnitude increase in affinity over the free glycans with the corresponding lectins. Thus, the glycan epitope structures having weaker affinity than the parent glycans could be readily identified and analyzed from the lectin super-microarrays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, P.O. Box 751, Portland, OR, 97207-0751, USA
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16
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Deng L, Wang X, Uppalapati S, Norberg O, Dong H, Joliton A, Yan M, Ramström O. Stereocontrolled 1- S-glycosylation and comparative binding studies of photoprobe-thiosaccharide conjugates with their O-linked analogs. PURE APPL CHEM 2013; 85:1789-1801. [PMID: 26180266 PMCID: PMC4500165 DOI: 10.1351/pac-con-12-08-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The use of thioglycosides and other glycan derivatives with anomeric sulfur linkages is gaining increasing interest, both in synthesis and in various biological contexts. Herein, we demonstrate the occurrence and circumvention of anomerization during 1-S-glycosylation reactions, and present highly efficient and stereocontrolled syntheses of a series of photoprobe-thiosaccharide conjugates. Mutarotation of glycosyl thiols proved to be the origin of the anomeric mixtures formed, and kinetic effects could be used to circumvent anomerization. The synthesized carbohydrate conjugates were then evaluated by both solution- and solid-phase-based techniques. Both binding results showed that the S-linked glyco-sides interact with their cognate lectins comparably to the corresponding O-analogs in the present cases, thus demonstrating the reliability of the solid-support platform built upon our photo-initiated carbohydrate immobilization method for probing protein bindings, and showing the potential of combining these two means for studying carbohydrate-protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingquan Deng
- Department of Chemistry, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Teknikringen 30, S-10044, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Lowell, 1 University Ave., Lowell, MA 01854, USA
| | - Suji Uppalapati
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Lowell, 1 University Ave., Lowell, MA 01854, USA
| | - Oscar Norberg
- Department of Chemistry, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Teknikringen 30, S-10044, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hai Dong
- Department of Chemistry, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Teknikringen 30, S-10044, Stockholm, Sweden
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Rd. 1037, Wuhan, China
| | - Adrien Joliton
- Department of Chemistry, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Teknikringen 30, S-10044, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mingdi Yan
- Department of Chemistry, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Teknikringen 30, S-10044, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Lowell, 1 University Ave., Lowell, MA 01854, USA
| | - Olof Ramström
- Department of Chemistry, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Teknikringen 30, S-10044, Stockholm, Sweden
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17
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Maalouli N, Barras A, Siriwardena A, Bouazaoui M, Boukherroub R, Szunerits S. Comparison of photo- and Cu(i)-catalyzed “click” chemistries for the formation of carbohydrate SPR interfaces. Analyst 2013; 138:805-12. [DOI: 10.1039/c2an36272d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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18
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Tumor-associated glycans and their role in gynecological cancers: accelerating translational research by novel high-throughput approaches. Metabolites 2012; 2:913-39. [PMID: 24957768 PMCID: PMC3901231 DOI: 10.3390/metabo2040913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Revised: 11/08/2012] [Accepted: 11/09/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycans are important partners in many biological processes, including carcinogenesis. The rapidly developing field of functional glycomics becomes one of the frontiers of biology and biomedicine. Aberrant glycosylation of proteins and lipids occurs commonly during malignant transformation and leads to the expression of specific tumor-associated glycans. The appearance of aberrant glycans on carcinoma cells is typically associated with grade, invasion, metastasis and overall poor prognosis. Cancer-associated carbohydrates are mostly located on the surface of cancer cells and are therefore potential diagnostic biomarkers. Currently, there is increasing interest in cancer-associated aberrant glycosylation, with growing numbers of characteristic cancer targets being detected every day. Breast and ovarian cancer are the most common and lethal malignancies in women, respectively, and potential glycan biomarkers hold promise for early detection and targeted therapies. However, the acceleration of research and comprehensive multi-target investigation of cancer-specific glycans could only be successfully achieved with the help of a combination of novel high-throughput glycomic approaches.
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19
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Modern Carbohydrate Microarray Biochip Technologies. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2040(11)60584-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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20
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Liang K, Chen Y. Elegant Chemistry to Directly Anchor Intact Saccharides on Solid Surfaces Used for the Fabrication of Bioactivity-Conserved Saccharide Microarrays. Bioconjug Chem 2012; 23:1300-8. [DOI: 10.1021/bc300142s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Liang
- Key Laboratory of
Analytical
Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Key Laboratory of
Analytical
Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Beijing 100190, China
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21
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Norberg O, Lee IH, Aastrup T, Yan M, Ramström O. Photogenerated lectin sensors produced by thiol-ene/yne photo-click chemistry in aqueous solution. Biosens Bioelectron 2012; 34:51-6. [PMID: 22341757 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2012.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2011] [Accepted: 01/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The photoinitiated radical reactions between thiols and alkenes/alkynes (thiol-ene and thiol-yne chemistry) have been applied to a functionalization methodology to produce carbohydrate-presenting surfaces for analyses of biomolecular interactions. Polymer-coated quartz surfaces were functionalized with alkenes or alkynes in a straightforward photochemical procedure utilizing perfluorophenylazide (PFPA) chemistry. The alkene/alkyne surfaces were subsequently allowed to react with carbohydrate thiols in water under UV-irradiation. The reaction can be carried out in a drop of water directly on the surface without photoinitiator, and any disulfide side products were easily washed away after the functionalization process. The resulting carbohydrate-presenting surfaces were evaluated in real-time studies of protein-carbohydrate interactions using a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) flow-through system with recurring injections of selected lectins, with intermediate regeneration steps using low pH buffer. The resulting methodology proved fast, efficient and scalable to high-throughput analysis formats, and the produced surfaces showed significant protein binding with expected selectivities of the lectins used in the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Norberg
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Chemistry, Stockholm, Sweden
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22
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Deng L, Norberg O, Uppalapati S, Yan M, Ramström O. Stereoselective synthesis of light-activatable perfluorophenylazide-conjugated carbohydrates for glycoarray fabrication and evaluation of structural effects on protein binding by SPR imaging. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:3188-98. [PMID: 21423935 PMCID: PMC4030401 DOI: 10.1039/c1ob05040k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of light-activatable perfluorophenylazide (PFPA)-conjugated carbohydrate structures have been synthesized and applied to glycoarray fabrication. The glycoconjugates were structurally varied with respect to anomeric attachment, S-, and O-linked carbohydrates, respectively, as well as linker structure and length. Efficient stereoselective synthetic routes were developed, leading to the formation of the PFPA-conjugated structures in good yields over few steps. The use of glycosyl thiols as donors proved especially efficient and provided the final compounds in up to 70% total yield with high anomeric purities. PFPA-based photochemistry was subsequently used to generate carbohydrate arrays on a polymeric surface, and surface plasmon resonance imaging (SPRi) was applied for evaluation of carbohydrate-protein interactions using the plant lectin Concanavalin A (Con A) as a probe. The results indicate better performance and equal efficiency of S- and O-linked structures with intermediate linker length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingquan Deng
- Department of Chemistry, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 30, S-10044, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Oscar Norberg
- Department of Chemistry, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 30, S-10044, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Suji Uppalapati
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, P.O. Box 751, Portland, Oregon, 97207-0751, USA
| | - Mingdi Yan
- Department of Chemistry, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 30, S-10044, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, P.O. Box 751, Portland, Oregon, 97207-0751, USA
| | - Olof Ramström
- Department of Chemistry, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 30, S-10044, Stockholm, Sweden
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