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Zhang J, Wu J, Wang G, He L, Zheng Z, Wu M, Zhang Y. Extracellular Vesicles: Techniques and Biomedical Applications Related to Single Vesicle Analysis. ACS NANO 2023; 17:17668-17698. [PMID: 37695614 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c03172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are extensively dispersed lipid bilayer membrane vesicles involved in the delivery and transportation of molecular payloads to certain cell types to facilitate intercellular interactions. Their significant roles in physiological and pathological processes make EVs outstanding biomarkers for disease diagnosis and treatment monitoring as well as ideal candidates for drug delivery. Nevertheless, differences in the biogenesis processes among EV subpopulations have led to a diversity of biophysical characteristics and molecular cargos. Additionally, the prevalent heterogeneity of EVs has been found to substantially hamper the sensitivity and accuracy of disease diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring, thus impeding the advancement of clinical applications. In recent years, the evolution of single EV (SEV) analysis has enabled an in-depth comprehension of the physical properties, molecular composition, and biological roles of EVs at the individual vesicle level. This review examines the sample acquisition tactics prior to SEV analysis, i.e., EV isolation techniques, and outlines the current state-of-the-art label-free and label-based technologies for SEV identification. Furthermore, the challenges and prospects of biomedical applications based on SEV analysis are systematically discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Jiacheng Wu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Guanzhao Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Luxuan He
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Ziwei Zheng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Minhao Wu
- Department of Immunology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, P. R. China
| | - Yuanqing Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
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2
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John P, Vasa NJ, Zam A. Optical Biosensors for the Diagnosis of COVID-19 and Other Viruses-A Review. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:2418. [PMID: 37510162 PMCID: PMC10378272 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13142418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The sudden outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic led to a huge concern globally because of the astounding increase in mortality rates worldwide. The medical imaging computed tomography technique, whole-genome sequencing, and electron microscopy are the methods generally used for the screening and identification of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The main aim of this review is to emphasize the capabilities of various optical techniques to facilitate not only the timely and effective diagnosis of the virus but also to apply its potential toward therapy in the field of virology. This review paper categorizes the potential optical biosensors into the three main categories, spectroscopic-, nanomaterial-, and interferometry-based approaches, used for detecting various types of viruses, including SARS-CoV-2. Various classifications of spectroscopic techniques such as Raman spectroscopy, near-infrared spectroscopy, and fluorescence spectroscopy are discussed in the first part. The second aspect highlights advances related to nanomaterial-based optical biosensors, while the third part describes various optical interferometric biosensors used for the detection of viruses. The tremendous progress made by lab-on-a-chip technology in conjunction with smartphones for improving the point-of-care and portability features of the optical biosensors is also discussed. Finally, the review discusses the emergence of artificial intelligence and its applications in the field of bio-photonics and medical imaging for the diagnosis of COVID-19. The review concludes by providing insights into the future perspectives of optical techniques in the effective diagnosis of viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline John
- Division of Engineering, New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD), Abu Dhabi 129188, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nilesh J Vasa
- Department of Engineering Design, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Azhar Zam
- Division of Engineering, New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD), Abu Dhabi 129188, United Arab Emirates
- Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA
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3
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Seymour E, Ekiz Kanik F, Diken Gür S, Bakhshpour-Yucel M, Araz A, Lortlar Ünlü N, Ünlü MS. Solid-Phase Optical Sensing Techniques for Sensitive Virus Detection. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:5018. [PMID: 37299745 PMCID: PMC10255700 DOI: 10.3390/s23115018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Viral infections can pose a major threat to public health by causing serious illness, leading to pandemics, and burdening healthcare systems. The global spread of such infections causes disruptions to every aspect of life including business, education, and social life. Fast and accurate diagnosis of viral infections has significant implications for saving lives, preventing the spread of the diseases, and minimizing social and economic damages. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based techniques are commonly used to detect viruses in the clinic. However, PCR has several drawbacks, as highlighted during the recent COVID-19 pandemic, such as long processing times and the requirement for sophisticated laboratory instruments. Therefore, there is an urgent need for fast and accurate techniques for virus detection. For this purpose, a variety of biosensor systems are being developed to provide rapid, sensitive, and high-throughput viral diagnostic platforms, enabling quick diagnosis and efficient control of the virus's spread. Optical devices, in particular, are of great interest due to their advantages such as high sensitivity and direct readout. The current review discusses solid-phase optical sensing techniques for virus detection, including fluorescence-based sensors, surface plasmon resonance (SPR), surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), optical resonators, and interferometry-based platforms. Then, we focus on an interferometric biosensor developed by our group, the single-particle interferometric reflectance imaging sensor (SP-IRIS), which has the capability to visualize single nanoparticles, to demonstrate its application for digital virus detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Seymour
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M4P 1R2, Canada;
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA;
| | - Fulya Ekiz Kanik
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (F.E.K.); (M.B.-Y.)
| | - Sinem Diken Gür
- Department of Biology, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06800, Türkiye;
| | - Monireh Bakhshpour-Yucel
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (F.E.K.); (M.B.-Y.)
- Department of Chemistry, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa 16059, Türkiye
| | - Ali Araz
- Department of Chemistry, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir 35390, Türkiye;
| | - Nese Lortlar Ünlü
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA;
| | - M. Selim Ünlü
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA;
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (F.E.K.); (M.B.-Y.)
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4
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Zheng Y, Song X, Fredj Z, Bian S, Sawan M. Challenges and perspectives of multi-virus biosensing techniques: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1244:340860. [PMID: 36737150 PMCID: PMC9868144 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.340860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
In the context of globalization, individuals have an increased chance of being infected by multiple viruses simultaneously, thereby highlighting the importance of developing multiplexed devices. In addition to sufficient sensitivity and rapid response, multi-virus sensing techniques are expected to offer additional advantages including high throughput, one-time sampling for parallel analysis, and full automation with data visualization. In this paper, we review the optical, electrochemical, and mechanical platforms that enable multi-virus biosensing. The working mechanisms of each platform, including the detection principle, transducer configuration, bio-interface design, and detected signals, are reviewed. The advantages and limitations, as well as the challenges in implementing various detection strategies in real-life scenarios, were evaluated. Future perspectives on multiplexed biosensing techniques are critically discussed. Earlier access to multi-virus biosensors will efficiently serve for immediate pandemic control, such as in emerging SARS-CoV-2 and monkeypox cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqiao Zheng
- Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China,Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310030, China
| | - Xixi Song
- Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310030, China
| | - Zina Fredj
- Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310030, China
| | - Sumin Bian
- Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310030, China.
| | - Mohamad Sawan
- Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310030, China.
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5
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Bakhshpour-Yucel M, Gür SD, Seymour E, Aslan M, Lortlar Ünlü N, Ünlü MS. Highly-Sensitive, Label-Free Detection of Microorganisms and Viruses via Interferometric Reflectance Imaging Sensor. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:281. [PMID: 36837980 PMCID: PMC9960798 DOI: 10.3390/mi14020281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Pathogenic microorganisms and viruses can easily transfer from one host to another and cause disease in humans. The determination of these pathogens in a time- and cost-effective way is an extreme challenge for researchers. Rapid and label-free detection of pathogenic microorganisms and viruses is critical in ensuring rapid and appropriate treatment. Sensor technologies have shown considerable advancements in viral diagnostics, demonstrating their great potential for being fast and sensitive detection platforms. In this review, we present a summary of the use of an interferometric reflectance imaging sensor (IRIS) for the detection of microorganisms. We highlight low magnification modality of IRIS as an ensemble biomolecular mass measurement technique and high magnification modality for the digital detection of individual nanoparticles and viruses. We discuss the two different modalities of IRIS and their applications in the sensitive detection of microorganisms and viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monireh Bakhshpour-Yucel
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Art, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa 16059, Turkey
| | - Sinem Diken Gür
- Department of Biotechnology, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Elif Seymour
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Mete Aslan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Nese Lortlar Ünlü
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - M. Selim Ünlü
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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6
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Qiu L, Liu X, Zhu L, Luo L, Sun N, Pei R. Current Advances in Technologies for Single Extracellular Vesicle Analysis and Its Clinical Applications in Cancer Diagnosis. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:129. [PMID: 36671964 PMCID: PMC9856491 DOI: 10.3390/bios13010129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been regarded as one of the most potential diagnostic biomarkers for different cancers, due to their unique physiological and pathological functions. However, it is still challenging to precisely analyze the contents and sources of EVs, due to their heterogeneity. Herein, we summarize the advances in technologies for a single EV analysis, which may provide new strategies to study the heterogeneity of EVs, as well as their cargo, more specifically. Furthermore, the applications of a single EV analysis on cancer early diagnosis are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Qiu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
- Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xingzhu Liu
- Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Libo Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Liqiang Luo
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Na Sun
- Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Renjun Pei
- Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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7
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Manessis G, Gelasakis AI, Bossis I. Point-of-Care Diagnostics for Farm Animal Diseases: From Biosensors to Integrated Lab-on-Chip Devices. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:455. [PMID: 35884258 PMCID: PMC9312888 DOI: 10.3390/bios12070455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Zoonoses and animal diseases threaten human health and livestock biosecurity and productivity. Currently, laboratory confirmation of animal disease outbreaks requires centralized laboratories and trained personnel; it is expensive and time-consuming, and it often does not coincide with the onset or progress of diseases. Point-of-care (POC) diagnostics are rapid, simple, and cost-effective devices and tests, that can be directly applied on field for the detection of animal pathogens. The development of POC diagnostics for use in human medicine has displayed remarkable progress. Nevertheless, animal POC testing has not yet unfolded its full potential. POC devices and tests for animal diseases face many challenges, such as insufficient validation, simplicity, and portability. Emerging technologies and advanced materials are expected to overcome some of these challenges and could popularize animal POC testing. This review aims to: (i) present the main concepts and formats of POC devices and tests, such as lateral flow assays and lab-on-chip devices; (ii) summarize the mode of operation and recent advances in biosensor and POC devices for the detection of farm animal diseases; (iii) present some of the regulatory aspects of POC commercialization in the EU, USA, and Japan; and (iv) summarize the challenges and future perspectives of animal POC testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Manessis
- Laboratory of Anatomy and Physiology of Farm Animals, Department of Animal Science, Agricultural University of Athens (AUA), Iera Odos 75 Str., 11855 Athens, Greece; (G.M.); (A.I.G.)
| | - Athanasios I. Gelasakis
- Laboratory of Anatomy and Physiology of Farm Animals, Department of Animal Science, Agricultural University of Athens (AUA), Iera Odos 75 Str., 11855 Athens, Greece; (G.M.); (A.I.G.)
| | - Ioannis Bossis
- Laboratory of Animal Husbandry, Department of Animal Production, School of Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
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8
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Fernandez-Cuesta I, Llobera A, Ramos-Payán M. Optofluidic systems enabling detection in real samples: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1192:339307. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.339307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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9
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Pink RC, Beaman EM, Samuel P, Brooks SA, Carter DRF. Utilising extracellular vesicles for early cancer diagnostics: benefits, challenges and recommendations for the future. Br J Cancer 2022; 126:323-330. [PMID: 35013578 PMCID: PMC8810954 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-021-01668-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
To increase cancer patient survival and wellbeing, diagnostic assays need to be able to detect cases earlier, be applied more frequently, and preferably before symptoms develop. The expansion of blood biopsy technologies such as detection of circulating tumour cells and cell-free DNA has shown clinical promise for this. Extracellular vesicles released into the blood from tumour cells may offer a snapshot of the whole of the tumour. They represent a stable and multifaceted complex of a number of different types of molecules including DNA, RNA and protein. These represent biomarker targets that can be collected and analysed from blood samples, offering great potential for early diagnosis. In this review we discuss the benefits and challenges of the use of extracellular vesicles in this context and provide recommendations on where this developing field should focus their efforts to bring future success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Charles Pink
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK.
| | - Ellie-May Beaman
- grid.7628.b0000 0001 0726 8331Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| | - Priya Samuel
- grid.7628.b0000 0001 0726 8331Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| | - Susan Ann Brooks
- grid.7628.b0000 0001 0726 8331Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| | - David Raul Francisco Carter
- grid.7628.b0000 0001 0726 8331Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK ,Therapeutics Limited Oxford Science Park Medawar Centre 2nd Floor East Building Robert Robinson Avenue, Oxford, OX4 4HG UK
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10
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Chiodi E, Marn AM, Bakhshpour M, Lortlar Ünlü N, Ünlü MS. The Effects of Three-Dimensional Ligand Immobilization on Kinetic Measurements in Biosensors. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14020241. [PMID: 35054650 PMCID: PMC8777619 DOI: 10.3390/polym14020241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The field of biosensing is in constant evolution, propelled by the need for sensitive, reliable platforms that provide consistent results, especially in the drug development industry, where small molecule characterization is of uttermost relevance. Kinetic characterization of small biochemicals is particularly challenging, and has required sensor developers to find solutions to compensate for the lack of sensitivity of their instruments. In this regard, surface chemistry plays a crucial role. The ligands need to be efficiently immobilized on the sensor surface, and probe distribution, maintenance of their native structure and efficient diffusion of the analyte to the surface need to be optimized. In order to enhance the signal generated by low molecular weight targets, surface plasmon resonance sensors utilize a high density of probes on the surface by employing a thick dextran matrix, resulting in a three-dimensional, multilayer distribution of molecules. Despite increasing the binding signal, this method can generate artifacts, due to the diffusion dependence of surface binding, affecting the accuracy of measured affinity constants. On the other hand, when working with planar surface chemistries, an incredibly high sensitivity is required for low molecular weight analytes, and furthermore the standard method for immobilizing single layers of molecules based on self-assembled monolayers (SAM) of epoxysilane has been demonstrated to promote protein denaturation, thus being far from ideal. Here, we will give a concise overview of the impact of tridimensional immobilization of ligands on label-free biosensors, mostly focusing on the effect of diffusion on binding affinity constants measurements. We will comment on how multilayering of probes is certainly useful in terms of increasing the sensitivity of the sensor, but can cause steric hindrance, mass transport and other diffusion effects. On the other hand, probe monolayers on epoxysilane chemistries do not undergo diffusion effect but rather other artifacts can occur due to probe distortion. Finally, a combination of tridimensional polymeric chemistry and probe monolayer is presented and reviewed, showing advantages and disadvantages over the other two approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Chiodi
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (A.M.M.); (M.B.); (N.L.Ü.)
- Correspondence: (E.C.); (M.S.Ü.)
| | - Allison M. Marn
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (A.M.M.); (M.B.); (N.L.Ü.)
- School of Engineering, Computing, and Construction Management, Roger Williams University, Bristol, RI 02809, USA
| | - Monireh Bakhshpour
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (A.M.M.); (M.B.); (N.L.Ü.)
- Department of Chemistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Nese Lortlar Ünlü
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (A.M.M.); (M.B.); (N.L.Ü.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - M. Selim Ünlü
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (A.M.M.); (M.B.); (N.L.Ü.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Correspondence: (E.C.); (M.S.Ü.)
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11
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Multiplexed Affinity Measurements of Extracellular Vesicles Binding Kinetics. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21082634. [PMID: 33918613 PMCID: PMC8069658 DOI: 10.3390/s21082634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have attracted significant attention as impactful diagnostic biomarkers, since their properties are closely related to specific clinical conditions. However, designing experiments that involve EVs phenotyping is usually highly challenging and time-consuming, due to laborious optimization steps that require very long or even overnight incubation durations. In this work, we demonstrate label-free, real-time detection, and phenotyping of extracellular vesicles binding to a multiplexed surface. With the ability for label-free kinetic binding measurements using the Interferometric Reflectance Imaging Sensor (IRIS) in a microfluidic chamber, we successfully optimize the capture reaction by tuning various assay conditions (incubation time, flow conditions, surface probe density, and specificity). A single (less than 1 h) experiment allows for characterization of binding affinities of the EVs to multiplexed probes. We demonstrate kinetic characterization of 18 different probe conditions, namely three different antibodies, each spotted at six different concentrations, simultaneously. The affinity characterization is then analyzed through a model that considers the complexity of multivalent binding of large structures to a carpet of probes and therefore introduces a combination of fast and slow association and dissociation parameters. Additionally, our results confirm higher affinity of EVs to aCD81 with respect to aCD9 and aCD63. Single-vesicle imaging measurements corroborate our findings, as well as confirming the EVs nature of the captured particles through fluorescence staining of the EVs membrane and cargo.
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12
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Arab T, Mallick ER, Huang Y, Dong L, Liao Z, Zhao Z, Gololobova O, Smith B, Haughey NJ, Pienta KJ, Slusher BS, Tarwater PM, Tosar JP, Zivkovic AM, Vreeland WN, Paulaitis ME, Witwer KW. Characterization of extracellular vesicles and synthetic nanoparticles with four orthogonal single-particle analysis platforms. J Extracell Vesicles 2021; 10:e12079. [PMID: 33850608 PMCID: PMC8023330 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We compared four orthogonal technologies for sizing, counting, and phenotyping of extracellular vesicles (EVs) and synthetic particles. The platforms were: single‐particle interferometric reflectance imaging sensing (SP‐IRIS) with fluorescence, nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) with fluorescence, microfluidic resistive pulse sensing (MRPS), and nanoflow cytometry measurement (NFCM). EVs from the human T lymphocyte line H9 (high CD81, low CD63) and the promonocytic line U937 (low CD81, high CD63) were separated from culture conditioned medium (CCM) by differential ultracentrifugation (dUC) or a combination of ultrafiltration (UF) and size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Western blot (WB). Mixtures of synthetic particles (silica and polystyrene spheres) with known sizes and/or concentrations were also tested. MRPS and NFCM returned similar particle counts, while NTA detected counts approximately one order of magnitude lower for EVs, but not for synthetic particles. SP‐IRIS events could not be used to estimate particle concentrations. For sizing, SP‐IRIS, MRPS, and NFCM returned similar size profiles, with smaller sizes predominating (per power law distribution), but with sensitivity typically dropping off below diameters of 60 nm. NTA detected a population of particles with a mode diameter greater than 100 nm. Additionally, SP‐IRIS, MRPS, and NFCM were able to identify at least three of four distinct size populations in a mixture of silica or polystyrene nanoparticles. Finally, for tetraspanin phenotyping, the SP‐IRIS platform in fluorescence mode was able to detect at least two markers on the same particle, while NFCM detected either CD81 or CD63. Based on the results of this study, we can draw conclusions about existing single‐particle analysis capabilities that may be useful for EV biomarker development and mechanistic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanina Arab
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland USA
| | - Emily R Mallick
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland USA
| | - Yiyao Huang
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland USA
| | - Liang Dong
- Department of Urology Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland USA
| | - Zhaohao Liao
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland USA
| | - Zezhou Zhao
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland USA
| | - Olesia Gololobova
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland USA
| | - Barbara Smith
- Department of Cell Biology Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland USA
| | - Norman J Haughey
- Department of Neurology Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland USA
| | - Kenneth J Pienta
- Department of Urology Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland USA
| | - Barbara S Slusher
- Department of Neurology Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland USA.,Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland USA
| | - Patrick M Tarwater
- Department of Epidemiology Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health Baltimore Maryland USA
| | - Juan Pablo Tosar
- Faculty of Science Universidad de la República Montevideo Uruguay.,Functional Genomics Unit Institut Pasteur de Montevideo Montevideo Uruguay
| | - Angela M Zivkovic
- Department of Nutrition University of California Davis Davis California USA
| | - Wyatt N Vreeland
- Bioprocess Measurements Group National Institute of Standards and Technology Gaithersburg Maryland USA
| | - Michael E Paulaitis
- Center for Nanomedicine at the Wilmer Eye Institute Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland USA
| | - Kenneth W Witwer
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland USA.,Department of Neurology Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland USA.,The Richman Family Precision Medicine Center of Excellence in Alzheimer's Disease Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Johns Hopkins Medicine and Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center Baltimore Maryland USA
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13
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Chiodi E, Marn AM, Geib MT, Ünlü MS. The Role of Surface Chemistry in the Efficacy of Protein and DNA Microarrays for Label-Free Detection: An Overview. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:1026. [PMID: 33810267 PMCID: PMC8036480 DOI: 10.3390/polym13071026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The importance of microarrays in diagnostics and medicine has drastically increased in the last few years. Nevertheless, the efficiency of a microarray-based assay intrinsically depends on the density and functionality of the biorecognition elements immobilized onto each sensor spot. Recently, researchers have put effort into developing new functionalization strategies and technologies which provide efficient immobilization and stability of any sort of molecule. Here, we present an overview of the most widely used methods of surface functionalization of microarray substrates, as well as the most recent advances in the field, and compare their performance in terms of optimal immobilization of the bioreceptor molecules. We focus on label-free microarrays and, in particular, we aim to describe the impact of surface chemistry on two types of microarray-based sensors: microarrays for single particle imaging and for label-free measurements of binding kinetics. Both protein and DNA microarrays are taken into consideration, and the effect of different polymeric coatings on the molecules' functionalities is critically analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Chiodi
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (A.M.M.); (M.T.G.); (M.S.Ü.)
| | - Allison M. Marn
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (A.M.M.); (M.T.G.); (M.S.Ü.)
| | - Matthew T. Geib
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (A.M.M.); (M.T.G.); (M.S.Ü.)
| | - M. Selim Ünlü
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (A.M.M.); (M.T.G.); (M.S.Ü.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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14
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Fu R, Su Y, Wang R, Lin X, Jin X, Yang H, Du W, Shan X, Lv W, Huang G. Single cell capture, isolation, and long-term in-situ imaging using quantitative self-interference spectroscopy. Cytometry A 2021; 99:601-609. [PMID: 33704903 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.24333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Single cell research with microfluidic chip is of vital importance in biomedical studies and clinical medicine. Simultaneous microfluidic cell manipulations and long-term cell monitoring needs further investigations due to the lack of label-free quantitative imaging techniques and systems. In this work, single cell capture, isolation and long-term in-situ monitoring was realized with a microfluidic cell chip, compact cell incubator and quantitative self-interference spectroscopy. The proposed imaging method could obtain quantitative and dynamic refractive index distribution in living cells. And the designed microfluidic chip could capture and isolate single cells. The customized incubator could support cell growth conditions when single cell was captured in microfluidic chip. According to the results, single cells could be trapped, transferred and pushed into the culture chamber with the microfluidic chip. The incubator could culture single cells in the chip for 120 h. The refractive index sensitivity of the proposed quantitative imaging method was 0.0282 and the relative error was merely 0.04%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongxin Fu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Ya Su
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Ruliang Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangyu Jin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Han Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenli Du
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohui Shan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenqi Lv
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Guoliang Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Beijing Biochip Technology, Beijing, China
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15
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Seymour E, Ünlü NL, Carter EP, Connor JH, Ünlü MS. Configurable Digital Virus Counter on Robust Universal DNA Chips. ACS Sens 2021; 6:229-237. [PMID: 33427442 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.0c02203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Here, we demonstrate real-time multiplexed virus detection by applying a DNA-directed antibody immobilization technique in a single-particle interferometric reflectance imaging sensor (SP-IRIS). In this technique, the biosensor chip surface spotted with different DNA sequences is converted to a multiplexed antibody array by flowing antibody-DNA conjugates and allowing for specific DNA-DNA hybridization. The resulting antibody array is shown to detect three different recombinant vesicular stomatitis viruses (rVSVs), which are genetically engineered to express surface glycoproteins of Ebola, Marburg, and Lassa viruses in real time in a disposable microfluidic cartridge. We also show that this method can be modified to produce a single-step, homogeneous assay format by mixing the antibody-DNA conjugates with the virus sample in the solution phase prior to incubation in the microfluidic cartridge, eliminating the antibody immobilization step. This homogenous approach achieved detection of the model Ebola virus, rVSV-EBOV, at a concentration of 100 PFU/mL in 1 h. Finally, we demonstrate the feasibility of this homogeneous technique as a rapid test using a passive microfluidic cartridge. A concentration of 104 PFU/mL was detectable under 10 min for the rVSV-Ebola virus. Utilizing DNA microarrays for antibody-based diagnostics is an alternative approach to antibody microarrays and offers advantages such as configurable sensor surface, long-term storage ability, and decreased antibody use. We believe that these properties will make SP-IRIS a versatile and robust platform for point-of-care diagnostics applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Seymour
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Nese Lortlar Ünlü
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Erik P. Carter
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02218, United States
| | - John H. Connor
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02218, United States
| | - M. Selim Ünlü
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
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16
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Soler M, Scholtz A, Zeto R, Armani AM. Engineering photonics solutions for COVID-19. APL PHOTONICS 2020; 5:090901. [PMID: 33015361 PMCID: PMC7523711 DOI: 10.1063/5.0021270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
As the impact of COVID-19 on society became apparent, the engineering and scientific community recognized the need for innovative solutions. Two potential roadmaps emerged: developing short-term solutions to address the immediate needs of the healthcare communities and developing mid/long-term solutions to eliminate the over-arching threat. However, in a truly global effort, researchers from all backgrounds came together in tackling this challenge. Short-term efforts have focused on re-purposing existing technologies and leveraging additive manufacturing techniques to address shortages in personal protective equipment and disinfection. More basic research efforts with mid-term and long-term impact have emphasized developing novel diagnostics and accelerating vaccines. As a foundational technology, photonics has contributed directly and indirectly to all efforts. This perspective will provide an overview of the critical role that the photonics field has played in efforts to combat the immediate COVID-19 pandemic as well as how the photonics community could anticipate contributing to future pandemics of this nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Soler
- Nanobiosensors and Bioanalytical Applications
Group (NanoB2A), Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC, BIST
and CIBER-BBN, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alexis Scholtz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University
of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089,
USA
| | - Rene Zeto
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and
Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles,
California 90089, USA
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17
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Highly sensitive and label-free digital detection of whole cell E. coli with Interferometric Reflectance Imaging. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 162:112258. [PMID: 32392159 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial infectious diseases are a major threat to human health. Timely and sensitive pathogenic bacteria detection is crucial in bacterial contaminations identification and preventing the spread of infectious diseases. Due to limitations of conventional bacteria detection techniques there have been concerted research efforts towards developing new biosensors. Biosensors offering label-free, whole bacteria detection are highly desirable over those relying on label-based or pathogenic molecular components detection. The major advantage is eliminating the additional time and cost required for labeling or extracting the desired bacterial components. Here, we demonstrate rapid, sensitive and label-free Escherichia coli (E. coli) detection utilizing interferometric reflectance imaging enhancement allowing visualizing individual pathogens captured on the surface. Enabled by our ability to count individual bacteria on a large sensor surface, we demonstrate an extrapolated limit of detection of 2.2 CFU/ml from experimental data in buffer solution with no sample preparation. To the best of our knowledge, this level of sensitivity for whole E. coli detection is unprecedented in label-free biosensing. The specificity of our biosensor is validated by comparing the response to target bacteria E. coli and non-target bacteria S. aureus, K. pneumonia and P. aeruginosa. The biosensor's performance in tap water proves that its detection capability is unaffected by the sample complexity. Furthermore, our sensor platform provides high optical magnification imaging and thus validation of recorded detection events as the target bacteria based on morphological characterization. Therefore, our sensitive and label-free detection method offers new perspectives for direct bacterial detection in real matrices and clinical samples.
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18
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Du X, Zhou J. Application of biosensors to detection of epidemic diseases in animals. Res Vet Sci 2018; 118:444-448. [PMID: 29730246 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2018.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Epidemic diseases are the leading cause of animal mortality, resulting in significant losses to the agricultural economy. These economic impacts have generated a strong interest in advancing methods for the diagnosis and control of epidemic diseases in animals. Conventional methods are often time-consuming (typically result is available in 2-10 days), expensive, and require both large-scale equipment and experienced personnel. However, the advent of biosensor technology has ushered in a new and promising approach for the diagnosis of animal diseases. With advantages that include simplicity, real -time analysis, high sensitivity, miniaturization, rapid detection time, and low cost, biosensor technologies are under active development for the diagnosis of epidemic diseases in animals. Here, we summarize recent developments in biological sensing technologies used to detect infectious viral, bacterial, and parasitic diseases. Additionally, we discuss research challenges and future prospects for this field of study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Du
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China..
| | - Jun Zhou
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
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19
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Carter EP, Seymour EÇ, Scherr SM, Daaboul GG, Freedman DS, Selim Ünlü M, Connor JH. Visualizing Ebolavirus Particles Using Single-Particle Interferometric Reflectance Imaging Sensor (SP-IRIS). Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1628:259-270. [PMID: 28573627 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7116-9_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
This chapter describes an approach for the label-free imaging and quantification of intact Ebola virus (EBOV) and EBOV viruslike particles (VLPs) using a light microscopy technique. In this technique, individual virus particles are captured onto a silicon chip that has been printed with spots of virus-specific capture antibodies. These captured virions are then detected using an optical approach called interference reflectance imaging. This approach allows for the detection of each virus particle that is captured on an antibody spot and can resolve the filamentous structure of EBOV VLPs without the need for electron microscopy. Capture of VLPs and virions can be done from a variety of sample types ranging from tissue culture medium to blood. The technique also allows automated quantitative analysis of the number of virions captured. This can be used to identify the virus concentration in an unknown sample. In addition, this technique offers the opportunity to easily image virions captured from native solutions without the need for additional labeling approaches while offering a means of assessing the range of particle sizes and morphologies in a quantitative manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik P Carter
- Microbiology and National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elif Ç Seymour
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Steven M Scherr
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - George G Daaboul
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - M Selim Ünlü
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.,Mechanical Engineering Department, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.,Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.,Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John H Connor
- Microbiology and National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA. .,Biomedical Engineering Department, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
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20
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Boccara M, Fedala Y, Bryan CV, Bailly-Bechet M, Bowler C, Boccara AC. Full-field interferometry for counting and differentiating aquatic biotic nanoparticles: from laboratory to Tara Oceans. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 7:3736-3746. [PMID: 27699134 PMCID: PMC5030046 DOI: 10.1364/boe.7.003736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
There is a huge abundance of viruses and membrane vesicles in seawater. We describe a new full-field, incoherently illuminated, shot-noise limited, common-path interferometric detection method that we couple with the analysis of Brownian motion to detect, quantify, and differentiate biotic nanoparticles. We validated the method with calibrated nanoparticles and homogeneous DNA or RNA viruses. The smallest virus size that we characterized with a suitable signal-to-noise ratio was around 30 nm in diameter. Analysis of Brownian motions revealed anisotropic trajectories for myoviruses.We further applied the method for vesicles detection and for analysis of coastal and oligotrophic samples from Tara Oceans circumnavigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martine Boccara
- Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University, Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS), CNRS UMR 8197, INSERM U1024, 46 rue d'Ulm, F-75005 Paris, France; Atelier de Bioinformatique, UMR 7205 ISYEB CNRS, MNHN, UPMC, EPHE, 45 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France; These authors contributed equally to this paper;
| | - Yasmina Fedala
- Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University, Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS), CNRS UMR 8197, INSERM U1024, 46 rue d'Ulm, F-75005 Paris, France; Institut Langevin, ESPCI ParisTech, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 7587, 1 rue Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France; These authors contributed equally to this paper
| | - Catherine Venien Bryan
- Institut de Minéralogie et de Physique des Milieux Condensés UMR 7590, UPMC, Paris, France
| | - Marc Bailly-Bechet
- Atelier de Bioinformatique, UMR 7205 ISYEB CNRS, MNHN, UPMC, EPHE, 45 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France; Laboratoire Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5558, Bâtiment Gregor Mendel, 43 Boulevard du 11 Novembre 1918, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Chris Bowler
- Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University, Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS), CNRS UMR 8197, INSERM U1024, 46 rue d'Ulm, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Albert Claude Boccara
- Institut Langevin, ESPCI ParisTech, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 7587, 1 rue Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France;
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21
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Ozcelik D, Stott MA, Parks JW, Black JA, Wall TA, Hawkins AR, Schmidt H. Signal-to-noise Enhancement in Optical Detection of Single Viruses with Multi-spot Excitation. IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS : A PUBLICATION OF THE IEEE LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS SOCIETY 2016; 22:4402406. [PMID: 27524876 PMCID: PMC4978512 DOI: 10.1109/jstqe.2015.2503321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
We present fluorescence detection of single H1N1 viruses with enhanced signal to noise ratio (SNR) achieved by multi-spot excitation in liquid-core anti-resonant reflecting optical waveguides (ARROWs). Solid-core Y-splitting ARROW waveguides are fabricated orthogonal to the liquid-core section of the chip, creating multiple excitation spots for the analyte. We derive expressions for the SNR increase after signal processing, and analyze its dependence on signal levels and spot number. Very good agreement between theoretical calculations and experimental results is found. SNR enhancements up to 5x104 are demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damla Ozcelik
- School of Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA
| | - Matthew A. Stott
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602 USA
| | - Joshua W. Parks
- School of Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA
| | - Jennifer A. Black
- School of Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA
| | - Thomas A. Wall
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602 USA
| | - Aaron R. Hawkins
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602 USA
| | - Holger Schmidt
- School of Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA
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22
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Seymour E, Daaboul GG, Zhang X, Scherr SM, Ünlü NL, Connor JH, Ünlü MS. DNA-Directed Antibody Immobilization for Enhanced Detection of Single Viral Pathogens. Anal Chem 2015; 87:10505-12. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b02702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elif Seymour
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - George G. Daaboul
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Xirui Zhang
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Steven M. Scherr
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Nese Lortlar Ünlü
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- School
of Medicine, Bahcesehir University, Istanbul 34730, Turkey
| | - John H. Connor
- Department
of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02218, United States
| | - M. Selim Ünlü
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
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23
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Interferometric Reflectance Imaging Sensor (IRIS)--A Platform Technology for Multiplexed Diagnostics and Digital Detection. SENSORS 2015. [PMID: 26205273 PMCID: PMC4541952 DOI: 10.3390/s150717649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Over the last decade, the growing need in disease diagnostics has stimulated rapid development of new technologies with unprecedented capabilities. Recent emerging infectious diseases and epidemics have revealed the shortcomings of existing diagnostics tools, and the necessity for further improvements. Optical biosensors can lay the foundations for future generation diagnostics by providing means to detect biomarkers in a highly sensitive, specific, quantitative and multiplexed fashion. Here, we review an optical sensing technology, Interferometric Reflectance Imaging Sensor (IRIS), and the relevant features of this multifunctional platform for quantitative, label-free and dynamic detection. We discuss two distinct modalities for IRIS: (i) low-magnification (ensemble biomolecular mass measurements) and (ii) high-magnification (digital detection of individual nanoparticles) along with their applications, including label-free detection of multiplexed protein chips, measurement of single nucleotide polymorphism, quantification of transcription factor DNA binding, and high sensitivity digital sensing and characterization of nanoparticles and viruses.
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24
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Vannahme C, Sørensen KT, Gade C, Dufva M, Kristensen A. Refractometric monitoring of dissolution and fluid flow with distributed feedback dye laser sensor. OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 23:6562-6568. [PMID: 25836874 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.006562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring the dissolution of solid material in liquids and monitoring of fluid flow is of significant interest for applications in chemistry, food production, medicine, and especially in the fields of microfluidics and lab on a chip. Here, real-time refractometric monitoring of dissolution and fast fluid flow with DFB dye laser sensors with an optical imaging spectroscopy setup is presented. The dye laser sensors provide both low detection limits and high spatial resolution. It is demonstrated how the materials NaCl, sucrose, and bovine serum albumin show characteristic dissolution patterns. The unique feature of the presented method is a high frame rate of up to 20 Hz, which is proven to enable the monitoring of fast flow of a sucrose solution jet into pure water.
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25
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Weidemaier K, Carrino J, Curry A, Connor JH, Liebmann-Vinson A. Advancing rapid point-of-care viral diagnostics to a clinical setting. Future Virol 2015. [DOI: 10.2217/fvl.14.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT We discuss here critical factors in ensuring the success of a viral diagnostic at the point of care. Molecular and immunoassay approaches are reviewed with a focus on their ability to meet the infrastructure and workflow limitations in clinical settings in both the developed and developing world. In addition to being low cost, easy-to-use, accurate and adapted for the intended laboratory and healthcare environment, viral diagnostics must also provide information that appropriately directs clinical treatment decisions. We discuss the challenges and implications of linking diagnostics to clinical decision-making at the point of care using three examples: respiratory viruses in the developed world, differential fever diagnosis in the developing world and HPV detection in resource-limited settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Weidemaier
- Diagnostic Sciences Department, BD Technologies, 21 Davis Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - John Carrino
- BD Diagnostics, 10865 Road to the Cure, Suite 200, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Adam Curry
- Diagnostic Sciences Department, BD Technologies, 21 Davis Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - John H Connor
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, 620 Albany Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Andrea Liebmann-Vinson
- Diagnostic Sciences Department, BD Technologies, 21 Davis Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
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26
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Tokel O, Inci F, Demirci U. Advances in plasmonic technologies for point of care applications. Chem Rev 2014; 114:5728-52. [PMID: 24745365 PMCID: PMC4086846 DOI: 10.1021/cr4000623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Onur Tokel
- Demirci
Bio-Acoustic-MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical
School, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Fatih Inci
- Demirci
Bio-Acoustic-MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical
School, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Demirci
Bio-Acoustic-MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Stanford University School of Medicine, Canary Center at Stanford
for Cancer Early Detection, Palo
Alto, California 94304, United States
| | - Utkan Demirci
- Demirci
Bio-Acoustic-MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical
School, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham
and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical
School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Harvard-MIT
Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Demirci
Bio-Acoustic-MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Stanford University School of Medicine, Canary Center at Stanford
for Cancer Early Detection, Palo
Alto, California 94304, United States
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27
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Reddington AP, Trueb JT, Freedman DS, Tuysuzoglu A, Daaboul GG, Lopez CA, Karl WC, Connor JH, Fawcett H, Ünlu MS. An interferometric reflectance imaging sensor for point of care viral diagnostics. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2014; 60:3276-83. [PMID: 24271115 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2013.2272666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The use of in vitro diagnostic devices is transitioning from the laboratory to the primary care setting to address early disease detection needs. Time critical viral diagnoses are often made without support due to the experimental time required in today's standard tests. Available rapid point of care (POC) viral tests are less reliable, requiring a follow-on confirmatory test before conclusions can be drawn. The development of a reliable POC viral test for the primary care setting would decrease the time for diagnosis leading to a lower chance of transmission and improve recovery. The single particle interferometric reflectance imaging sensor (SP-IRIS) has been shown to be a sensitive and specific-detection platform in serum and whole blood. This paper presents a step towards a POC viral assay through a SP-IRIS prototype with automated data acquisition and analysis and a simple, easy-to-use software interface. Decreasing operation complexity highlights the potential of SP-IRIS as a sensitive and specific POC diagnostic tool. With the integration of a microfluidic cartridge, this automated instrument will allow an untrained user to run a sample-to-answer viral assay in the POC setting.
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Yu C, Lopez CA, Hu H, Xia Y, Freedman DS, Reddington AP, Daaboul GG, Ünlü MS, Genco CA. A high-throughput method to examine protein-nucleotide interactions identifies targets of the bacterial transcriptional regulatory protein fur. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96832. [PMID: 24811061 PMCID: PMC4014563 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The Ferric uptake regulatory protein (Fur) is a transcriptional regulatory protein that functions to control gene transcription in response to iron in a number of pathogenic bacteria. In this study, we applied a label-free, quantitative and high-throughput analysis method, Interferometric Reflectance Imaging Sensor (IRIS), to rapidly characterize Fur-DNA interactions in vitro with predicted Fur binding sequences in the genome of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, the causative agent of the sexually transmitted disease gonorrhea. IRIS can easily be applied to examine multiple protein-protein, protein-nucleotide and nucleotide-nucleotide complexes simultaneously and demonstrated here that seventy percent of the predicted Fur boxes in promoter regions of iron-induced genes bound to Fur in vitro with a range of affinities as observed using this microarray screening technology. Combining binding data with mRNA expression levels in a gonococcal fur mutant strain allowed us to identify five new gonococcal genes under Fur-mediated direct regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxiao Yu
- Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Carlos A. Lopez
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Han Hu
- Bioinformatics Graduate Program, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Yu Xia
- Bioinformatics Graduate Program, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - David S. Freedman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Alexander P. Reddington
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - George G. Daaboul
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - M. Selim Ünlü
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Physics Department, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Caroline Attardo Genco
- Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Cheng XR, Daaboul GG, Ünlü MS, Kerman K. LED-based interferometric reflectance imaging sensor for the detection of amyloid-β aggregation. Analyst 2014; 139:59-65. [DOI: 10.1039/c3an01307c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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30
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Boltovets PM, Polischuk OM, Kovalenko OG, Snopok BA. A simple SPR-based method for the quantification of the effect of potential virus inhibitors. Analyst 2013; 138:480-6. [PMID: 23162808 DOI: 10.1039/c2an35972c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Here, we describe a highly sensitive method that allows for the correct quantification of inhibition effect with a higher degree of accuracy directly at the molecular level. The protocol involves two stages, namely serological virus titration in comparison with the same procedure for virus-effector mixture. Owing to the robustness of the analysis this assay can be performed on crude cellular and plant extracts, and therefore it may be suitable for the routine analysis of clinical samples, or in the field. The efficiency of the approach to the quantification of the inhibition effect of polysaccharide glucuronoxylomannan (GXM) on the infection efficiency of the tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) was investigated using advanced serological approaches based on label-free surface plasmon resonance technique. It was shown that GXM drastically decreases the efficiency of TMV infection by blocking up to 70% of the virus shell. The obtained results are in conformity with the method of indicator plant infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praskoviya M Boltovets
- V. Ye. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics NAS of Ukraine, Prospekt Nauki, 41, 03028 Kyiv, Ukraine.
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Ahn S, Freedman DS, Zhang X, Unlü MS. High-throughput label-free detection of DNA hybridization and mismatch discrimination using interferometric reflectance imaging sensor. Methods Mol Biol 2013; 1039:181-200. [PMID: 24026697 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-535-4_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Optical label-free biosensors have demonstrated advantages over fluorescent-based detection methods by allowing accurate quantification while also being capable of measuring dynamic bimolecular interactions. A simple, high-throughput, solid-phase, and label-free technique, interferometric reflectance imaging sensor (IRIS), can quantify the mass density of DNA with pg/mm(2) sensitivity by measuring the optical path difference. We present the design of the IRIS instrument and complementary microarrays that can be used to perform a quantitative analysis of DNA microarrays. Finally, we present methods to accurately calculate the hybridization efficiency and identify SNPs from dynamic measurements, as well as supporting software algorithms needed for robust data processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunmin Ahn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
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Muharemagic D, Labib M, Ghobadloo SM, Zamay AS, Bell JC, Berezovski MV. Anti-Fab aptamers for shielding virus from neutralizing antibodies. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:17168-77. [PMID: 23016897 DOI: 10.1021/ja306856y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses are promising therapeutics that can selectively replicate in and kill tumor cells. However, repetitive administration of viruses provokes the generation of neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) that can diminish their anticancer effect. In this work, we selected DNA aptamers against the antigen binding fragment (Fab) of antivesicular stomatitis virus polyclonal antibodies to shield the virus from nAbs and enhance its in vivo survival. For the first time, we used flow cytometry and electrochemical immunosensing to identify aptamers targeting the Fab region of antibodies. We evaluated the aptamers in a cell-based infection assay and found that several aptamer clones provide more than 50% shielding of VSV from nAbs and thus have the potential to enhance the delivery of VSV without compromising the patient's immune system. In addition, we developed a bifunctional label-free electrochemical immunosensor for the quantitation of aptamer-mediated degree of shielding and the amount of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) particles. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was employed to interrogate the level of VSV in a linear range from 5 × 10(4) to 5 × 10(6) PFU mL(-1) with a detection limit of 10(4) PFU mL(-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Darija Muharemagic
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
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Cretich M, Monroe MR, Reddington A, Zhang X, Daaboul GG, Damin F, Sola L, Unlu MS, Chiari M. Interferometric silicon biochips for label and label-free DNA and protein microarrays. Proteomics 2012; 12:2963-77. [PMID: 22930463 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201200202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2012] [Revised: 08/16/2012] [Accepted: 08/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Protein and DNA microarrays hold the promise to revolutionize the field of molecular diagnostics. Traditional microarray applications employ labeled detection strategies based on the use of fluorescent and chemiluminescent secondary antibodies. However, the development of high throughput, sensitive, label-free detection techniques is attracting attention as they do not require labeled reactants and provide quantitative information on binding kinetics. In this article, we will provide an overview of the recent author's work in label and label-free sensing platforms employing silicon/silicon oxide (Si/SiO(2)) substrates for interferometric and/or fluorescence detection of microarrays. The review will focus on applications of Si/SiO(2) with controlled oxide layers to (i) enhance the fluorescence intensity by optical interferences, (ii) quantify with sub-nanometer accuracy the axial locations of fluorophore-labeled probes tethered to the surface, and (iii) detect protein-protein interactions label free. Different methods of biofunctionalization of the sensing surface will be discussed. In particular, organosilanization reactions for monodimensional coatings and polymeric coatings will be extensively reviewed. Finally, the importance of calibration of protein microarrays through the dual use of labeled and label-free detection schemes on the same chip will be illustrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Cretich
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, Milano, Italy
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Gonzalez LC. Protein microarrays, biosensors, and cell-based methods for secretome-wide extracellular protein-protein interaction mapping. Methods 2012; 57:448-58. [PMID: 22728035 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2012.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2012] [Revised: 06/02/2012] [Accepted: 06/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately one quarter of all human genes encode proteins that function in the extracellular space or serve to bridge the extracellular and intracellular environments. Physical associations between these secretome proteins serve to regulate a wide range of biological activities and consequently represent important therapeutic targets. Moreover, some extracellular proteins are targeted by pathogens to allow host access or immune evasion. Despite the importance of extracellular protein-protein interactions, our knowledge in this area has remained sparse. Weak affinities and low abundance have often hindered efforts to identify these interactions using traditional methods such as biochemical purification and cDNA library expression cloning. Moreover, current large-scale protein-protein interaction mapping techniques largely under represent extracellular protein-protein interactions. This review highlights emerging biosensor and protein microarray technology, along with more traditional cell-based techniques, that are compatible with secretome-wide screens for extracellular protein-protein interaction discovery. A combination of these approaches will serve to rapidly expand our knowledge of the extracellular protein-protein interactome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lino C Gonzalez
- Department of Protein Chemistry, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States.
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Monroe MR, Reddington AP, Collins AD, LaBoda C, Cretich M, Chiari M, Little FF, Unlü MS. Multiplexed method to calibrate and quantitate fluorescence signal for allergen-specific IgE. Anal Chem 2011; 83:9485-91. [PMID: 22060132 PMCID: PMC3395232 DOI: 10.1021/ac202212k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Using a microarray platform for allergy diagnosis allows for testing of specific IgE sensitivity to a multitude of allergens, while requiring only small volumes of serum. However, variation of probe immobilization on microarrays hinders the ability to make quantitative, assertive, and statistically relevant conclusions necessary in immunodiagnostics. To address this problem, we have developed a calibrated, inexpensive, multiplexed, and rapid protein microarray method that directly correlates surface probe density to captured labeled secondary antibody in clinical samples. We have identified three major technological advantages of our calibrated fluorescence enhancement (CaFE) technique: (i) a significant increase in fluorescence emission over a broad range of fluorophores on a layered substrate optimized specifically for fluorescence; (ii) a method to perform label-free quantification of the probes in each spot while maintaining fluorescence enhancement for a particular fluorophore; and (iii) a calibrated, quantitative technique that combines fluorescence and label-free modalities to accurately measure probe density and bound target for a variety of antibody-antigen pairs. In this paper, we establish the effectiveness of the CaFE method by presenting the strong linear dependence of the amount of bound protein to the resulting fluorescence signal of secondary antibody for IgG, β-lactoglobulin, and allergen-specific IgEs to Ara h 1 (peanut major allergen) and Phl p 1 (timothy grass major allergen) in human serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margo R Monroe
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
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Lopez CA, Daaboul GG, Ahn S, Reddington AP, Monroe MR, Zhang X, Irani RJ, Yu C, Genco CA, Cretich M, Chiari M, Goldberg BB, Connor JH, Ünlü MS. Biomolecular detection employing the Interferometric Reflectance Imaging Sensor (IRIS). J Vis Exp 2011:2694. [PMID: 21587155 PMCID: PMC3197112 DOI: 10.3791/2694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The sensitive measurement of biomolecular interactions has use in many fields and industries such as basic biology and microbiology, environmental/agricultural/biodefense monitoring, nanobiotechnology, and more. For diagnostic applications, monitoring (detecting) the presence, absence, or abnormal expression of targeted proteomic or genomic biomarkers found in patient samples can be used to determine treatment approaches or therapy efficacy. In the research arena, information on molecular affinities and specificities are useful for fully characterizing the systems under investigation. Many of the current systems employed to determine molecular concentrations or affinities rely on the use of labels. Examples of these systems include immunoassays such as the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques, gel electrophoresis assays, and mass spectrometry (MS). Generally, these labels are fluorescent, radiological, or colorimetric in nature and are directly or indirectly attached to the molecular target of interest. Though the use of labels is widely accepted and has some benefits, there are drawbacks which are stimulating the development of new label-free methods for measuring these interactions. These drawbacks include practical facets such as increased assay cost, reagent lifespan and usability, storage and safety concerns, wasted time and effort in labelling, and variability among the different reagents due to the labelling processes or labels themselves. On a scientific research basis, the use of these labels can also introduce difficulties such as concerns with effects on protein functionality/structure due to the presence of the attached labels and the inability to directly measure the interactions in real time. Presented here is the use of a new label-free optical biosensor that is amenable to microarray studies, termed the Interferometric Reflectance Imaging Sensor (IRIS), for detecting proteins, DNA, antigenic material, whole pathogens (virions) and other biological material. The IRIS system has been demonstrated to have high sensitivity, precision, and reproducibility for different biomolecular interactions [1-3]. Benefits include multiplex imaging capacity, real time and endpoint measurement capabilities, and other high-throughput attributes such as reduced reagent consumption and a reduction in assay times. Additionally, the IRIS platform is simple to use, requires inexpensive equipment, and utilizes silicon-based solid phase assay components making it compatible with many contemporary surface chemistry approaches. Here, we present the use of the IRIS system from preparation of probe arrays to incubation and measurement of target binding to analysis of the results in an endpoint format. The model system will be the capture of target antibodies which are specific for human serum albumin (HSA) on HSA-spotted substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Lopez
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, USA
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Monroe MR, Reddington AP, Cretich M, Chiari M, Little F, Ünlü MS. Multiplexed, rapid point of care platform to quantify allergen-specific IgE. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2011; 2011:478-481. [PMID: 22254352 PMCID: PMC3640299 DOI: 10.1109/iembs.2011.6090069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Variation of probe immobilization on microarrays hinders the ability to make high quality, assertive and statistically relevant conclusions needed in the healthcare setting. To address this problem, we have developed a calibrated, compact, inexpensive, multiplexed, dual modality point-of-care detection platform that calibrates and correlates surface probe density measured label-free to captured labeled secondary antibody, is independent of chip-to-chip variability, and improves upon existing diagnostic technology. We have identified four major technological advantages of our proposed platform: the capability to perform single spot analysis based on the fluorophore used for detection, a 10-fold gain in fluorescence signal due to optimized substrate, a calibrated, quantitative method that uses the combined fluorescent and label-free modalities to accurately measure the density of probe and bound target for a variety of systems, and a compact measurement platform offering reliable and rapid results at the doctor's office. Already, we have formulated over a 90% linear correlation between the amount of probe bound to surface and the resulting fluorescence of captured target for IgG, β-lactoglobulin, Ara h 1 peanut allergen, and Phl 5a Timothy grass allergen.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. R. Monroe
- Biomedical Engineering Department Boston University, Boston, Ma, 02446 USA (386-490-2636)
| | - A. P. Reddington
- Electrical Engineering Department, Boston University, Boston, Ma 02446 USA
| | - M. Cretich
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare (ICRM), Milano, Italy
| | - M. Chiari
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare (ICRM), Milano, Italy
| | - F. Little
- Pulmony Center at Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Ma 02118 USA
| | - M. S. Ünlü
- Biomedical Engineering, Electrical Engineering, and Physics Departments, Boston University, Boston, Ma 02446 USA
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