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Raza T, Qu L, Khokhar WA, Andrews B, Ali A, Tian M. Progress of Wearable and Flexible Electrochemical Biosensors With the Aid of Conductive Nanomaterials. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:761020. [PMID: 34881233 PMCID: PMC8645837 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.761020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Conductive nanomaterials have recently gained a lot of interest due to their excellent physical, chemical, and electrical properties, as well as their numerous nanoscale morphologies, which enable them to be fabricated into a wide range of modern chemical and biological sensors. This study focuses mainly on current applications based on conductive nanostructured materials. They are the key elements in preparing wearable electrochemical Biosensors, including electrochemical immunosensors and DNA biosensors. Conductive nanomaterials such as carbon (Carbon Nanotubes, Graphene), metals and conductive polymers, which provide a large effective surface area, fast electron transfer rate and high electrical conductivity, are summarized in detail. Conductive polymer nanocomposites in combination with carbon and metal nanoparticles have also been addressed to increase sensor performance. In conclusion, a section on current challenges and opportunities in this growing field is forecasted at the end.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahir Raza
- Research Center for Intelligent and Wearable Technology, College of Textiles and Clothing, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Intelligent Wearable Engineering Research Center of Qingdao, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lijun Qu
- Research Center for Intelligent and Wearable Technology, College of Textiles and Clothing, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Intelligent Wearable Engineering Research Center of Qingdao, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | | | - Boakye Andrews
- Research Center for Intelligent and Wearable Technology, College of Textiles and Clothing, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Intelligent Wearable Engineering Research Center of Qingdao, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | | | - Mingwei Tian
- Research Center for Intelligent and Wearable Technology, College of Textiles and Clothing, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Intelligent Wearable Engineering Research Center of Qingdao, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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2
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Porfireva A, Plastinina K, Evtugyn V, Kuzin Y, Evtugyn G. Electrochemical DNA Sensor Based on Poly(Azure A) Obtained from the Buffer Saturated with Chloroform. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21092949. [PMID: 33922359 PMCID: PMC8122775 DOI: 10.3390/s21092949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Electropolymerized redox polymers offer broad opportunities in detection of biospecific interactions of DNA. In this work, Azure A was electrochemically polymerized by multiple cycling of the potential in phosphate buffer saturated with chloroform and applied for discrimination of the DNA damage. The influence of organic solvent on electrochemical properties of the coating was quantified and conditions for implementation of DNA in the growing polymer film were assessed using cyclic voltammetry, quartz crystal microbalance, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. As shown, both chloroform and DNA affected the morphology of the polymer surface and electropolymerization efficiency. The electrochemical DNA sensor developed made it possible to distinguish native and thermally and chemically damaged DNA by changes in the charge transfer resistance and capacitance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Porfireva
- A.M. Butlerov’ Chemistry Institute of Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlevskaya Street, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (A.P.); (K.P.); (Y.K.)
| | - Kseniya Plastinina
- A.M. Butlerov’ Chemistry Institute of Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlevskaya Street, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (A.P.); (K.P.); (Y.K.)
| | - Vladimir Evtugyn
- Interdisciplinary Center of Analytical Microscopy of Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlevskaya Street, 420008 Kazan, Russia;
| | - Yurii Kuzin
- A.M. Butlerov’ Chemistry Institute of Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlevskaya Street, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (A.P.); (K.P.); (Y.K.)
| | - Gennady Evtugyn
- A.M. Butlerov’ Chemistry Institute of Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlevskaya Street, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (A.P.); (K.P.); (Y.K.)
- Analytical Chemistry Department of Chemical Technology Institute of Ural Federal University, 19 Mira Street, 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia
- Correspondence:
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Ghosh D, Datta LP, Govindaraju T. Molecular architectonics of DNA for functional nanoarchitectures. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 11:124-140. [PMID: 31976202 PMCID: PMC6964666 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.11.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
DNA is the key biomolecule central to almost all processes in living organisms. The eccentric idea of utilizing DNA as a material building block in molecular and structural engineering led to the creation of numerous molecular-assembly systems and materials at the nanoscale. The molecular structure of DNA is believed to have evolved over billions of years, with structure and stability optimizations that allow life forms to sustain through the storage and transmission of genetic information with fidelity. The nanoscale structural characteristics of DNA (2 nm thickness and ca. 40-50 nm persistence length) have inspired the creation of numerous functional patterns and architectures through noncovalent conventional and unconventional base pairings as well as through mutual templating-interactions with small organic molecules and metal ions. The recent advancements in structural DNA nanotechnology allowed researchers to design new DNA-based functional materials with chemical and biological properties distinct from their parent components. The modulation of structural and functional properties of hybrid DNA ensembles of small functional molecules (SFMs) and short oligonucleotides by adapting the principles of molecular architectonics enabled the creation of novel DNA nanoarchitectures with potential applications, which has been termed as templated DNA nanotechnology or functional DNA nanoarchitectonics. This review highlights the molecular architectonics-guided design principles and applications of the derived DNA nanoarchitectures. The advantages and ability of functional DNA nanoarchitectonics to overcome the trivial drawbacks of classical DNA nanotechnology to fulfill realistic and practical applications are highlighted, and an outlook on future developments is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debasis Ghosh
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit and The School of Advanced Materials (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur P. O., Bengaluru 560064, Karnataka, India
| | - Lakshmi P Datta
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit and The School of Advanced Materials (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur P. O., Bengaluru 560064, Karnataka, India
| | - Thimmaiah Govindaraju
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit and The School of Advanced Materials (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur P. O., Bengaluru 560064, Karnataka, India
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Gómez-López M, Miliar-García Á, Pérez-Vielma NM, Lara-Padilla E, González-Díaz CA. Biosensor of Inflammation Biomarkers Based on Electrical Bioimpedance Analysis on Immobilized DNA Without Chemical Modification. JOURNAL OF ELECTRICAL BIOIMPEDANCE 2020; 11:31-37. [PMID: 33584901 PMCID: PMC7531096 DOI: 10.2478/joeb-2020-0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The development of biosensors to identify molecular markers or specific genes is fundamental for the implementation of new techniques that allow the detection of specific Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequences in a fast, economic and simple way. Different detection techniques have been proposed in the development of biosensors. Electrical Bioimpedance Spectroscopy (EBiS) has been used for diagnosis and monitoring of human pathologies, and is recognized as a safe, fast, reusable, easy and inexpensive technique. This study proves the development of a complementary DNA (cDNA) biosensor based on measurements of EBiS and DNA's immobilization with no chemical modifications. The evaluation of its potential utility in the detection of the gene expression of three inflammation characteristic biomarkers (NLRP3, IL-1β and Caspase 1) is presented. The obtained results demonstrate that EBiS can be used to identify different gene expression patterns, measurements that were validated by Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR). These results indicate the technical feasibility for a biosensor of specific genes through bioimpedance measurements on the immobilization of cDNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Modesto Gómez-López
- Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón. C.P.11360, CDMX, México
| | - Ángel Miliar-García
- Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón. C.P.11360, CDMX, México
| | - Nadia Mabel Pérez-Vielma
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias de la Salud-Unidad Santo Tomás, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Av. Maestros C.P.11340, CDMX, México
| | - Eleazar Lara-Padilla
- Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón. C.P.11360, CDMX, México
| | - César Antonio González-Díaz
- Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón. C.P.11360, CDMX, México
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Dakshayini B, Reddy KR, Mishra A, Shetti NP, Malode SJ, Basu S, Naveen S, Raghu AV. Role of conducting polymer and metal oxide-based hybrids for applications in ampereometric sensors and biosensors. Microchem J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.02.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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6
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Recent development in hybrid conducting polymers: Synthesis, applications and future prospects. J IND ENG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2017.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Zhu B, Travas-Sejdic J. PNA versus DNA in electrochemical gene sensing based on conducting polymers: study of charge and surface blocking effects on the sensor signal. Analyst 2018; 143:687-694. [PMID: 29297913 DOI: 10.1039/c7an01590a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In this communication, we present an in-depth study of DNA/DNA, DNA/PNA and PNA/PNA hybridisation on a conducting polymer-modified electrode, measured by means of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). DNA or PNA nucleic base sequence probes (where DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid and PNA for peptide nucleic acid) were covalently attached onto the sensor surface. As PNA is a non-charged variant of DNA, we investigate the effects of the surface charge and surface blocking by the surface confined probe/target nucleic bases complexes onto the kinetics of redox reaction of Fe(CN)63-/4- couple occurring at the electrode/solution interface that provides electrochemical readout for hybridisation. A range of hybridisation detection experiments were performed, where the surface charge and surface charge density were varied, through varying the charged nature of the probe and the target (i.e. PNA or DNA) and the density of surface-bound PNA and DNA probes. To further the understanding of these effects on the measured electrochemical signal, kinetic studies of the hybridisation reactions were undertaken, and the equilibrium binding constants and binding rate constants for the hybridisation reactions were obtained. The study provides valuable insights to guide future designs of biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bicheng Zhu
- Polymer Electronics Research Centre, School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, 23 Symonds Street, Auckland, New Zealand. and The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, New Zealand
| | - Jadranka Travas-Sejdic
- Polymer Electronics Research Centre, School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, 23 Symonds Street, Auckland, New Zealand. and The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, New Zealand
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8
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Aydemir N, Chan E, Baek P, Barker D, Williams DE, Travas-Sejdic J. New immobilisation method for oligonucleotides on electrodes enables highly-sensitive, electrochemical label-free gene sensing. Biosens Bioelectron 2017; 97:128-135. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2017.05.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Kerr-Phillips TE, Aydemir N, Chan EWC, Barker D, Malmström J, Plesse C, Travas-Sejdic J. Conducting electrospun fibres with polyanionic grafts as highly selective, label-free, electrochemical biosensor with a low detection limit for non-Hodgkin lymphoma gene. Biosens Bioelectron 2017; 100:549-555. [PMID: 29017070 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2017.09.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A highly selective, label-free sensor for the non-Hodgkin lymphoma gene, with an aM detection limit, utilizing electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is presented. The sensor consists of a conducting electrospun fibre mat, surface-grafted with poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) brushes and a conducting polymer sensing element with covalently attached oligonucleotide probes. The sensor was fabricated from electrospun NBR rubber, embedded with poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), followed by grafting poly(acrylic acid) brushes and then electrochemically polymerizing a conducting polymer monomer with ssDNA probe sequence pre-attached. The resulting non-Hodgkin lymphoma gene sensor showed a detection limit of 1aM (1 × 10-18mol/L), more than 400 folds lower compared to a thin-film analogue. The sensor presented extraordinary selectivity, with only 1%, 2.7% and 4.6% of the signal recorded for the fully non-complimentary, T-A and G-C base mismatch oligonucleotide sequences, respectively. We suggest that such greatly enhanced selectivity is due to the presence of negatively charged carboxylic acid moieties from PAA grafts that electrostatically repel the non-complementary and mismatch DNA sequences, overcoming the non-specific binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas E Kerr-Phillips
- Polymer Electronics Research Centre (PERC), School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, 23 Symonds Street, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Nihan Aydemir
- Polymer Electronics Research Centre (PERC), School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, 23 Symonds Street, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Eddie Wai Chi Chan
- Polymer Electronics Research Centre (PERC), School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, 23 Symonds Street, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - David Barker
- Polymer Electronics Research Centre (PERC), School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, 23 Symonds Street, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jenny Malmström
- Polymer Electronics Research Centre (PERC), School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, 23 Symonds Street, Auckland, New Zealand; Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Auckland, 2-6 Park Avenue, Auckland, New Zealand; MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Cedric Plesse
- LPPI-EA2528, Institut des Materiaux, 5 mail Gay Lussac, Neuville sur Oise, Cergy-Pontoise cedex 95031, France
| | - Jadranka Travas-Sejdic
- Polymer Electronics Research Centre (PERC), School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, 23 Symonds Street, Auckland, New Zealand; MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, New Zealand.
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10
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Analysis of the evolution of the detection limits of electrochemical nucleic acid biosensors II. Anal Bioanal Chem 2017; 409:4335-4352. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0377-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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11
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Obaje EA, Cummins G, Schulze H, Mahmood S, Desmulliez MP, Bachmann TT. Carbon screen-printed electrodes on ceramic substrates for label-free molecular detection of antibiotic resistance. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/jin2.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eleojo A. Obaje
- Division of Infection and Pathway Medicine, Edinburgh Medical School, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine; The University of Edinburgh; Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent Edinburgh EH16 4SB Scotland UK
| | - Gerard Cummins
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, MIcroSystems Engineering Centre; Heriot-Watt University; Edinburgh EH14 4AS Scotland UK
| | - Holger Schulze
- Division of Infection and Pathway Medicine, Edinburgh Medical School, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine; The University of Edinburgh; Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent Edinburgh EH16 4SB Scotland UK
| | - Salman Mahmood
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, MIcroSystems Engineering Centre; Heriot-Watt University; Edinburgh EH14 4AS Scotland UK
| | - Marc P.Y. Desmulliez
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, MIcroSystems Engineering Centre; Heriot-Watt University; Edinburgh EH14 4AS Scotland UK
| | - Till T. Bachmann
- Division of Infection and Pathway Medicine, Edinburgh Medical School, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine; The University of Edinburgh; Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent Edinburgh EH16 4SB Scotland UK
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12
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Next-generation polymer nanocomposite-based electrochemical sensors and biosensors: A review. Trends Analyt Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2016.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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13
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Wang Q, Yang J, Zhang D, Zhang L. Ionic liquid @LiFe5O8/MWCNTs magnetic nanohybrid as enhanced sensing platform for highly sensitive detection of estrogenic disrupting compound bisphenol AP. J APPL ELECTROCHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10800-016-0992-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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14
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Thipmanee O, Numnuam A, Limbut W, Buranachai C, Kanatharana P, Vilaivan T, Hirankarn N, Thavarungkul P. Enhancing capacitive DNA biosensor performance by target overhang with application on screening test of HLA-B*58:01 and HLA-B*57:01 genes. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 82:99-104. [PMID: 27054813 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.03.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 03/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A highly sensitive label-free DNA biosensor based on PNA probes immobilized on a gold electrode was used to detect a hybridization event. The effect of a target DNA overhang on the hybridization efficiency was shown to enhance the detected signal and allowed detection at a very low concentration. The sensors performances were investigated with a complementary target that had the same length as the probe, and the signal was compared to the target DNAs with different lengths and overhangs. A longer target DNA overhang was found to provide a better response. When the overhang was on the electrode side the signal enhancement was greater than when the overhang was on the solution side due to the increased thickness of the sensing surface, hence produced a larger capacitance change. Using conformationally constrained acpcPNA probes, double stranded DNA was detected sensitively and specifically without any denaturing step. When two acpcPNA probes were applied for the screening test for the double stranded HLA-B*58:01 and HLA-B*57:01 genes that are highly similar, the method differentiated the two genes in all samples. Both purified and unpurified PCR products gave comparable results. This method would be potentially useful as a rapid screening test without the need for purification and denaturation of the PCR products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orawan Thipmanee
- Trace Analysis and Biosensor Research Center, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand
| | - Apon Numnuam
- Trace Analysis and Biosensor Research Center, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand
| | - Warakorn Limbut
- Trace Analysis and Biosensor Research Center, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand; Department of Applied Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand
| | - Chittanon Buranachai
- Trace Analysis and Biosensor Research Center, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand; Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand
| | - Proespichaya Kanatharana
- Trace Analysis and Biosensor Research Center, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand
| | - Tirayut Vilaivan
- Organic Synthesis Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Nattiya Hirankarn
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Immunology and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
| | - Panote Thavarungkul
- Trace Analysis and Biosensor Research Center, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand; Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand.
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15
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Mejri-Omrani N, Miodek A, Zribi B, Marrakchi M, Hamdi M, Marty JL, Korri-Youssoufi H. Direct detection of OTA by impedimetric aptasensor based on modified polypyrrole-dendrimers. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 920:37-46. [PMID: 27114221 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a carcinogenic mycotoxin that contaminates food such as cereals, wine and beer; therefore it represents a risk for human health. Consequently, the allowed concentration of OTA in food is regulated by governmental organizations and its detection is of major agronomical interest. In the current study we report the development of an electrochemical aptasensor able to directly detect trace OTA without any amplification procedure. This aptasensor was constructed by coating the surface of a gold electrode with a film layer of modified polypyrrole (PPy), which was thereafter covalently bound to polyamidoamine dendrimers of the fourth generation (PAMAM G4). Finally, DNA aptamers that specifically binds OTA were covalently bound to the PAMAM G4 providing the aptasensor, which was characterized by using both Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) techniques. The study of OTA detection by the constructed electrochemical aptasensor was performed using Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) and revealed that the presence of OTA led to the modification of the electrical properties of the PPy layer. These modifications could be assigned to conformational changes in the folding of the aptamers upon specific binding of OTA. The aptasensor had a dynamic range of up to 5 μg L(-1) of OTA and a detection limit of 2 ng L(-1) of OTA, which is below the OTA concentration allowed in food by the European regulations. The efficient detection of OTA by this electrochemical aptasensor provides an unforeseen platform that could be used for the detection of various small molecules through specific aptamer association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawel Mejri-Omrani
- ICMMO, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Equipe de Chimie Bio-organique et Bio-inorganique, Bâtiment 420, 91405 Orsay, France; BAE, Université de Perpignan, 52 Avenue Paul Alduy, 66860 Perpignan, France; Université de Carthage, National Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology (INSAT) Laboratoire d'Ecologie et de Technologie Microbiennes (LETMi), 1080 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Anna Miodek
- ICMMO, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Equipe de Chimie Bio-organique et Bio-inorganique, Bâtiment 420, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Becem Zribi
- ICMMO, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Equipe de Chimie Bio-organique et Bio-inorganique, Bâtiment 420, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Mouna Marrakchi
- Université de Carthage, National Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology (INSAT) Laboratoire d'Ecologie et de Technologie Microbiennes (LETMi), 1080 Tunis, Tunisia; Université de Tunis El Manar, Higher Institute of Applied Biological Sciences (ISSBAT), 1006 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Moktar Hamdi
- Université de Carthage, National Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology (INSAT) Laboratoire d'Ecologie et de Technologie Microbiennes (LETMi), 1080 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Jean-Louis Marty
- BAE, Université de Perpignan, 52 Avenue Paul Alduy, 66860 Perpignan, France
| | - Hafsa Korri-Youssoufi
- ICMMO, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Equipe de Chimie Bio-organique et Bio-inorganique, Bâtiment 420, 91405 Orsay, France.
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16
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Aydemir N, Malmström J, Travas-Sejdic J. Conducting polymer based electrochemical biosensors. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:8264-77. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp06830d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Conducting polymer (CP)-based electrochemical biosensors have gained great attention as such biosensor platforms are easy and cost-effective to fabricate, and provide a direct electrical readout of the presence of biological analytes with high sensitivity and selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nihan Aydemir
- Polymer Electronics Research Centre
- School of Chemical Sciences
- University of Auckland
- New Zealand
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology
| | - Jenny Malmström
- Polymer Electronics Research Centre
- School of Chemical Sciences
- University of Auckland
- New Zealand
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology
| | - Jadranka Travas-Sejdic
- Polymer Electronics Research Centre
- School of Chemical Sciences
- University of Auckland
- New Zealand
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology
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17
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Zhu B, Booth MA, Woo HY, Hodgkiss JM, Travas-Sejdic J. Label-Free, Electrochemical Quantitation of Potassium Ions from Femtomolar Levels. Chem Asian J 2015; 10:2169-75. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201500313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Revised: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bicheng Zhu
- School of Chemical Sciences; Polymer Electronics Research Centre (PERC); The University of Auckland; 23 Symonds Street Auckland New Zealand
| | - Marsilea A. Booth
- Digital Sensing Limited; 16 Beatrice Tinsley Cresent, Albany Auckland 0632 New Zealand
| | - Han Young Woo
- Department of Cogno Mechatronics Engineering; Pusan National University; Miryang 627-706 Republic of Korea
| | - Justin M. Hodgkiss
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology; Laby 410, Gate 6 Kelburn Parade Kelburn, Wellington New Zealand
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences; Victoria University of Wellington; Wellington New Zealand
| | - Jadranka Travas-Sejdic
- School of Chemical Sciences; Polymer Electronics Research Centre (PERC); The University of Auckland; 23 Symonds Street Auckland New Zealand
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology; Laby 410, Gate 6 Kelburn Parade Kelburn, Wellington New Zealand
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18
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Booth MA, Kannappan K, Hosseini A, Partridge A. In-Depth Electrochemical Investigation of Surface Attachment Chemistry via Carbodiimide Coupling. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:8033-41. [PMID: 26107592 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b01863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Aminoferrocene is used as an electroactive indicator to investigate carbodiimide coupling reactions on a carboxylic acid-functionalized self-assembled monolayer. The commonly used attachment chemistry with 1-ethyl-3-(3-(dimethylamino)propyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) and N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) is used for surface activation. A number of conditions are investigated, including EDC and NHS concentration, buffer solutions, incubation timing, and aminoferrocene concentration. Ferrocene is a well-documented electroactive species, and the number of surface-bound ferrocene species can be calculated using electrochemical methods. This capability allows determination of optimal conditions, as well as providing a method for comparing and investigating novel carboxylated surfaces. An EDC-mediated procedure with ∼5 mM EDC and NHS (1:1) made in water, with a full acid monolayer, with 250 μM aminoferrocene for 40 min was found to give the highest ferrocene attachment. An application of this is demonstrated for preparing a probe-DNA-coated surface for DNA sensing. By backfilling with aminoferrocene, a differential quantification of the amount of probe DNA available for sensing can be obtained. This provides an elegant method to monitor an important aspect, namely, probe surface characterization, which will be highly useful for biosensing purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marsilea Adela Booth
- †Digital Sensing Limited, 16 Beatrice Tinsley Crescent, Albany, Auckland 0632, New Zealand
| | - Karthik Kannappan
- †Digital Sensing Limited, 16 Beatrice Tinsley Crescent, Albany, Auckland 0632, New Zealand
| | - Ali Hosseini
- †Digital Sensing Limited, 16 Beatrice Tinsley Crescent, Albany, Auckland 0632, New Zealand
- ‡Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Ashton Partridge
- †Digital Sensing Limited, 16 Beatrice Tinsley Crescent, Albany, Auckland 0632, New Zealand
- ‡Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
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19
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Aydemir N, McArdle H, Patel S, Whitford W, Evans CW, Travas-Sejdic J, Williams DE. A Label-Free, Sensitive, Real-Time, Semiquantitative Electrochemical Measurement Method for DNA Polymerase Amplification (ePCR). Anal Chem 2015; 87:5189-97. [PMID: 25946200 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b00079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Oligonucleotide hybridization to a complementary sequence that is covalently attached to an electrochemically active conducting polymer (ECP) coating the working electrode of an electrochemical cell causes an increase in reaction impedance for the ferro-ferricyanide redox couple. We demonstrate the use of this effect to measure, in real time, the progress of DNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of a minor component of a DNA extract. The forward primer is attached to the ECP. The solution contains other PCR components and the redox couple. Each cycle of amplification gives an easily measurable impedance increase. Target concentration can be estimated by cycle count to reach a threshold impedance. As proof of principle, we demonstrate an electrochemical real-time quantitative PCR (e-PCR) measurement in the total DNA extracted from chicken blood of an 844 base pair region of the mitochondrial Cytochrome c oxidase gene, present at ∼1 ppm of total DNA. We show that the detection and semiquantitation of as few as 2 copies/μL of target can be achieved within less than 10 PCR cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Selina Patel
- ∇School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1022, New Zealand
| | - Whitney Whitford
- ∇School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1022, New Zealand
| | - Clive W Evans
- ∇School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1022, New Zealand
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20
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Le MH, Fradetal L, Delabouglise D, Mai AT, Stambouli V. Fluorescence and Label Free Impedimetric DNA Detection on SnO2Nanopillars. ELECTROANAL 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201400595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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21
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Zhu B, Alsager OA, Kumar S, Hodgkiss JM, Travas-Sejdic J. Label-free electrochemical aptasensor for femtomolar detection of 17β-estradiol. Biosens Bioelectron 2015; 70:398-403. [PMID: 25845331 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.03.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Revised: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We report an electrochemical aptasensor for the rapid, label-free detection of 17β-estradiol (E2) from femtomolar to micromolar levels. The sensor features an aptamer-functionalised nanoporous conducting polymer electrode whose surface potential is probed via electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The unprecedented detection limit for E2 is explained via the redistribution of negative charges in the electrode double-layer region when the aptamer adopts a folded conformation around the small neutral target molecule. The sensor responds approximately logarithmically over a wide dynamic range of E2 concentration that spans biological trigger levels, with excellent discrimination against structurally similar molecules including progesterone, and robust operation in human urine. The generality of the approach of using conformationally gated small molecule binding aptamers is highlighted with a further example of adenosine detection via the adenosine binding aptamer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bicheng Zhu
- Polymer Electronics Research Centre, School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, 23 Symonds Street, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Omar A Alsager
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6012, New Zealand; The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, New Zealand
| | - Shalen Kumar
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6012, New Zealand
| | - Justin M Hodgkiss
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6012, New Zealand; The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, New Zealand.
| | - Jadranka Travas-Sejdic
- Polymer Electronics Research Centre, School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, 23 Symonds Street, Auckland, New Zealand; The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, New Zealand.
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22
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New redox-active layer create via epoxy–amine reaction – The base of genosensor for the detection of specific DNA and RNA sequences of avian influenza virus H5N1. Biosens Bioelectron 2015; 65:427-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2014.10.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Revised: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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23
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Distinguishing cytosine methylation using electrochemical, label-free detection of DNA hybridization and ds-targets. Biosens Bioelectron 2014; 64:74-80. [PMID: 25194799 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2014.08.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2014] [Revised: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In this communication we report on two important effects related to the detection of DNAs. Firstly, we investigate the sensor response to target DNA when the target is in a double stranded (ds) form and compare the response to single stranded (ss) target DNA. The importance in evaluating such an effect lies in the fact that most biological DNA targets are found in ds form. Secondly, we use synthetic ds targets to investigate the effect of DNA methylation on the sensor response. DNA methylation is known to affect functional properties of DNA and is related to a number of diseases, including various cancers. In these studies, we utilize our previously developed sensor platform, which is based on the use of a glassy carbon electrode-confined conducting polymer that is covalently modified with DNA probe sequences. The signal detection methodology we use is measuring a change in the reaction kinetics of ferro-ferricyanide redox couple at the electrode upon hybridization by means of electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Additionally, EIS is utilized to study the kinetics of the hybridization of the conducting polymer-bound probe with methylated vs. non-methylated ds-DNA. Preliminary results are proving valuable as a guide to the future design of sensors for gene methylation.
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24
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Dulgerbaki C, Oksuz AU, Ahmad S. Electrochemically determined biosensing ability of DNA probed by using poly(propylenedioxythiophene). Electrochim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2013.10.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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25
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Travas-Sejdic J, Aydemir N, Kannan B, Williams DE, Malmström J. Intrinsically conducting polymer nanowires for biosensing. J Mater Chem B 2014; 2:4593-4609. [DOI: 10.1039/c4tb00598h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The fabrication of conductive polymer nanowires and their sensing of nucleic acids, proteins and pathogens is reviewed in this feature article.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Travas-Sejdic
- School of Chemical Sciences
- University of Auckland
- Auckland 1142, New Zealand
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology
- Wellington 6140, New Zealand
| | - N. Aydemir
- School of Chemical Sciences
- University of Auckland
- Auckland 1142, New Zealand
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology
- Wellington 6140, New Zealand
| | - B. Kannan
- Revolution Fibres Ltd
- , New Zealand
- School of Chemical Sciences
- University of Auckland
- Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - D. E. Williams
- School of Chemical Sciences
- University of Auckland
- Auckland 1142, New Zealand
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology
- Wellington 6140, New Zealand
| | - J. Malmström
- School of Chemical Sciences
- University of Auckland
- Auckland 1142, New Zealand
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology
- Wellington 6140, New Zealand
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26
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Patois T, Sanchez JB, Berger F, Fievet P, Segut O, Moutarlier V, Bouvet M, Lakard B. Elaboration of ammonia gas sensors based on electrodeposited polypyrrole--cobalt phthalocyanine hybrid films. Talanta 2013; 117:45-54. [PMID: 24209308 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2013.08.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2013] [Revised: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The electrochemical incorporation of a sulfonated cobalt phthalocyanine (sCoPc) in conducting polypyrrole (PPy) was done, in the presence or absence of LiClO4, in order to use the resulting hybrid material for the sensing of ammonia. After electrochemical deposition, the morphological features and structural properties of polypyrrole/phthalocyanine hybrid films were investigated and compared to those of polypyrrole films. A gas sensor consisting in platinum microelectrodes arrays was fabricated using silicon microtechnologies, and the polypyrrole and polypyrrole/phthalocyanine films were electrochemically deposited on the platinum microelectrodes arrays of this gas sensor. When exposed to ammonia, polymer-based gas sensors exhibited a decrease in conductance due to the electron exchange between ammonia and sensitive polymer-based layer. The characteristics of the gas sensors (response time, response amplitude, reversibility) were studied for ammonia concentrations varying from 1 ppm to 100 ppm. Polypyrrole/phthalocyanine films exhibited a high sensitivity and low detection limit to ammonia as well as a fast and reproducible response at room temperature. The response to ammonia exposition of polypyrrole films was found to be strongly enhanced thanks to the incorporation of the phthalocyanine in the polypyrrole matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tilia Patois
- Institut UTINAM, UMR CNRS 6213, University of Franche-Comté, 16 route de Gray, 25030 Besançon, France; Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université Catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud, 1/4, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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27
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Sosnowska M, Pieta P, Sharma PS, Chitta R, Chandra BKC, Bandi V, D'Souza F, Kutner W. Piezomicrogravimetric and impedimetric oligonucleotide biosensors using conducting polymers of biotinylated bis(2,2'-bithien-5-yl)methane as recognition units. Anal Chem 2013; 85:7454-61. [PMID: 23829162 DOI: 10.1021/ac401404d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A new conducting polymer of biotinylated bis(2,2'-bithien-5-yl)methane was prepared and applied as the recognition unit of two different biosensors for selective oligonucleotide determination using either electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) or piezoelectric microgravimetry (PM) for label-free analytical signal transduction. For preparation of this unit, first, a biotinylated bis(2,2'-bithien-5-yl)methane functional monomer was designed and synthesized. Then, this monomer was potentiodynamically polymerized to form films on the surface of a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) and a Au electrode of a quartz crystal resonator (QCR) for the EIS and PM transduction, respectively. On top of these films, neutravidin was irreversibly immobilized by complexing the biotin moieties of the polymer. Finally, recognizing biotinylated oligonucleotide was attached by complexing the surface-immobilized neutravidin. This layer-by-layer assembling of the poly(thiophene-biotin)-neutravidin-(biotin-oligonucleotide) recognition film served to determine the target oligonucleotide via complementary nucleobase pairing. Under optimized determination conditions, the target oligonucleotide limit of detection (LOD) was 0.5 pM and 50 nM for the EIS and PM transduction, respectively. The sensor response to the target oligonucleotide was linear with respect to logarithm of the target oligonucleotide concentration in a wide range of 0.5 pM to 30 μM and with respect to its concentration in the range of 50 to 600 nM for the EIS and PM transduction, respectively. The biosensors were appreciably selective with respect to the nucleobase mismatched oligonucleotides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Sosnowska
- Department of Physical Chemistry of Supramolecular Complexes, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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28
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Bolat G, Kuralay F, Eroglu G, Abaci S. Fabrication of a polyaniline ultramicroelectrode via a self assembled monolayer modified gold electrode. SENSORS 2013; 13:8079-94. [PMID: 23797740 PMCID: PMC3758584 DOI: 10.3390/s130708079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Revised: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report a simple and inexpensive way for the fabrication of an ultramicroelectrode and present its characterization by electrochemical techniques. The fabrication of polyaniline UME involves only two steps: modification of a gold (Au) electrode by self assembled monolayers (SAM) and then electrodeposition of polyaniline film on this thiol-coated Au electrode by using cyclic voltammetry and constant potential electrolysis methods. Two types of self-assembled monolayers (4-mercapto-1-butanol, MB, and 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid, MUA) were used, respectively, to see the effect of chain length on microelectrode formation. Microelectrode fabrication and utility of the surface was investigated by cyclic voltammetric measurements in a redox probe. The thus prepared polyaniline microelectrode was then used for DNA immobilization. Discrimination between double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) and single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) was obtained with enhanced electrochemical signals compared to a polyaniline-coated Au electrode. Different modifications on the electrode surfaces were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulcin Bolat
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hacettepe University, Beytepe-Ankara 06800, Turkey; E-Mails: (G.B.); (G.E.)
| | - Filiz Kuralay
- Department of Chemistry, Ordu University, Ordu 52200, Turkey; E-Mail: or
| | - Gunes Eroglu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hacettepe University, Beytepe-Ankara 06800, Turkey; E-Mails: (G.B.); (G.E.)
| | - Serdar Abaci
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hacettepe University, Beytepe-Ankara 06800, Turkey; E-Mails: (G.B.); (G.E.)
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +90-312-297-6080; Fax: +90-312-299-2163
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29
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Nie G, Bai Z, Chen J, Yu W. Simple Label-Free Femtomolar DNA Detection Based on a Nanostructure Composite Material: MWNT-Doped Poly(indole-6-carboxylic acid). ACS Macro Lett 2012; 1:1304-1307. [PMID: 35607161 DOI: 10.1021/mz300341h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A nanostructure composite material consisting of poly(indole-6-carboxylic acid) (PICA) and carboxylic groups ended multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) was directly electrosynthesized from indole-6-carboxylic acid (ICA) monomer and MWNTs in one step, in which MWNTs was also used as supporting electrolytes. And a simple electrochemical sensor for recognition of target DNA related to hepatitis B virus (HBV) was directly fabricated by means of this composite material. The corresponding detection limit is 2.0 fmol L-1. This interesting conducting polymer with a very large surface area will provide new insights into how a biosensor is designed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangming Nie
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-chemical
Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao
266042, People's Republic
of China
| | - Zhimin Bai
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-chemical
Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao
266042, People's Republic
of China
| | - Juan Chen
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-chemical
Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao
266042, People's Republic
of China
| | - Wenying Yu
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-chemical
Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao
266042, People's Republic
of China
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30
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Tuncer C, Canavar E, Congur G, Karadeniz H, Erdem A, Bütün V. Synthesis and characterization of water-insoluble statistical copolymer and its application in the development of electrochemical DNA sensor. Talanta 2012; 100:270-5. [PMID: 23141336 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2012.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2012] [Revised: 06/14/2012] [Accepted: 07/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Water-insoluble statistical copolymer was synthesized by copolymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) with 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DMA) via group transfer polymerization (GTP). The DMA residues of the precursor P(MMA-co-DMA) statistical copolymer were then quaternized by reacting with methyl iodide under mild conditions to get well-defined P(MMA-co-QDMA) cationic copolymer. Then, P(MMA-co-QDMA) copolymer was successfully used for surface modification of pencil graphite electrode (PGE) to develop a disposable DNA sensor. This P(MMA-co-QDMA) copolymer modified electrode (q-PGE) was examined for electrochemical monitoring of DNA by using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) in contrast to unmodified one. The effect of both DNA concentration and sonication time was also examined based on the response of q-PGE. The detection limit was calculated to be 8.06 μg/mL at q-PGE. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was used for the characterization of the surface modification of q-PGE and consequently, the results were found to be in good agreement with the voltammetric measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cansel Tuncer
- Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Faculty of Arts and Science, Chemistry Department, 26480 Eskisehir, Turkey
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31
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Template and catalytic effects of DNA in the construction of polypyrrole/DNA composite macro and microelectrodes. Biosens Bioelectron 2012; 41:294-301. [PMID: 23017680 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2012.08.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2012] [Revised: 08/15/2012] [Accepted: 08/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Electrochemical DNA hybridization-based sensors show great promise as portable and automated analytical devices for routine screening of pathogenic or foreign nucleic acid sequences in biological samples. However, current sensor technologies still exhibit some unresolved issues which hampers their direct application into everyday life. Conducting polymers, such as polypyrrole (PPy), are increasingly being adopted as suitable platforms for DNA probe immobilization and signal transduction. Immobilization of DNA probes during pyrrole electropolymerization is a simple and efficient strategy to build composite electrodes suitable for DNA sensing. However, the effects of the probe state and sequence on PPy growth kinetics have not been studied yet. Here, we show that growth of PPy is drastically affected by the presence of guanine in the DNA probes and whether DNA is present in its single-stranded or double-stranded form. We show that some immobilization protocols may provoke irreversible oxidation of guanine moieties in the probe and that this issue deserves careful investigation as it may interfere with hybridization processes. We have also explored new procedures to build microelectrode arrays bearing immobilized DNA molecules, which are known to show beneficial properties in stirred samples. Overall, we present new techniques and concerns regarding the development of DNA-containing PPy-based composite electrodes, which may be taken into consideration for increasing genosensor reproducibility, response and performance.
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32
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Booth MA, Harbison S, Travas-Sejdic J. Effects of Redox Couple on the Response of Polypyrrole-Based Electrochemical DNA Sensors. ELECTROANAL 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201200119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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