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Zhang D, Bai Y, Niu H, Chen L, Xiao J, Guo Q, Jia P. Enzyme Immobilization by Inkjet Printing on Reagentless Biosensors for Electrochemical Phosphate Detection. BIOSENSORS 2024; 14:168. [PMID: 38667161 PMCID: PMC11047959 DOI: 10.3390/bios14040168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Enzyme-based biosensors commonly utilize the drop-casting method for their surface modification. However, the drawbacks of this technique, such as low reproducibility, coffee ring effects, and challenges in mass production, hinder its application. To overcome these limitations, we propose a novel surface functionalization strategy of enzyme crosslinking via inkjet printing for reagentless enzyme-based biosensors. This method includes printing three functional layers onto a screen-printed electrode: the enzyme layer, crosslinking layer, and protective layer. Nanomaterials and substrates are preloaded together during our inkjet printing. Inkjet-printed electrodes feature a uniform enzyme deposition, ensuring high reproducibility and superior electrochemical performance compared to traditional drop-casted ones. The resultant biosensors display high sensitivity, as well as a broad linear response in the physiological range of the serum phosphate. This enzyme crosslinking method has the potential to extend into various enzyme-based biosensors through altering functional layer components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxing Zhang
- Shenzhen Institute for Advanced Study, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Yesun Industry Zone, Guanlan Street, Shenzhen 518110, China; (D.Z.); (H.N.); (L.C.); (J.X.)
| | - Yang Bai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Western University, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada;
| | - Haoran Niu
- Shenzhen Institute for Advanced Study, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Yesun Industry Zone, Guanlan Street, Shenzhen 518110, China; (D.Z.); (H.N.); (L.C.); (J.X.)
| | - Lingyun Chen
- Shenzhen Institute for Advanced Study, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Yesun Industry Zone, Guanlan Street, Shenzhen 518110, China; (D.Z.); (H.N.); (L.C.); (J.X.)
| | - Junfeng Xiao
- Shenzhen Institute for Advanced Study, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Yesun Industry Zone, Guanlan Street, Shenzhen 518110, China; (D.Z.); (H.N.); (L.C.); (J.X.)
| | - Qiuquan Guo
- Shenzhen Institute for Advanced Study, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Yesun Industry Zone, Guanlan Street, Shenzhen 518110, China; (D.Z.); (H.N.); (L.C.); (J.X.)
| | - Peipei Jia
- Shenzhen Institute for Advanced Study, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Yesun Industry Zone, Guanlan Street, Shenzhen 518110, China; (D.Z.); (H.N.); (L.C.); (J.X.)
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Tyagi R, Yadav K, Srivastava N, Sagar R. Applications of Pyrrole and Pyridine-based Heterocycles in Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment. Curr Pharm Des 2024; 30:255-277. [PMID: 38711394 DOI: 10.2174/0113816128280082231205071504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The escalation of cancer worldwide is one of the major causes of economy burden and loss of human resources. According to the American Cancer Society, there will be 1,958,310 new cancer cases and 609,820 projected cancer deaths in 2023 in the United States. It is projected that by 2040, the burden of global cancer is expected to rise to 29.5 million per year, causing a death toll of 16.4 million. The hemostasis regulation by cellular protein synthesis and their targeted degradation is required for normal cell growth. The imbalance in hemostasis causes unbridled growth in cells and results in cancer. The DNA of cells needs to be targeted by chemotherapeutic agents for cancer treatment, but at the same time, their efficacy and toxicity also need to be considered for successful treatment. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to review the published work on pyrrole and pyridine, which have been prominent in the diagnosis and possess anticancer activity, to obtain some novel lead molecules of improved cancer therapeutic. METHODS A literature search was carried out using different search engines, like Sci-finder, Elsevier, ScienceDirect, RSC etc., for small molecules based on pyrrole and pyridine helpful in diagnosis and inducing apoptosis in cancer cells. The research findings on the application of these compounds from 2018-2023 were reviewed on a variety of cell lines, such as breast cancer, liver cancer, epithelial cancer, etc. Results: In this review, the published small molecules, pyrrole and pyridine and their derivatives, which have roles in the diagnosis and treatment of cancers, were discussed to provide some insight into the structural features responsible for diagnosis and treatment. The analogues with the chromeno-furo-pyridine skeleton showed the highest anticancer activity against breast cancer. The compound 5-amino-N-(1-(pyridin-4- yl)ethylidene)-1H-pyrazole-4-carbohydrazides was highly potent against HEPG2 cancer cell. Redaporfin is used for the treatment of cholangiocarcinoma, biliary tract cancer, cisplatin-resistant head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, and pigmentation melanoma, and it is in clinical trials for phase II. These structural features present a high potential for designing novel anticancer agents for diagnosis and drug development. CONCLUSION Therefore, the N- and C-substituted pyrrole and pyridine-based novel privileged small Nheterocyclic scaffolds are potential molecules used in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. This review discusses the reports on the synthesis of such molecules during 2018-2023. The review mainly discusses various diagnostic techniques for cancer, which employ pyrrole and pyridine heterocyclic scaffolds. Furthermore, the anticancer activity of N- and C-substituted pyrrole and pyridine-based scaffolds has been described, which works against different cancer cell lines, such as MCF-7, A549, A2780, HepG2, MDA-MB-231, K562, HT- 29, Caco-2 cells, Hela, Huh-7, WSU-DLCL2, HCT-116, HBL-100, H23, HCC827, SKOV3, etc. This review will help the researchers to obtain a critical insight into the structural aspects of pyrrole and pyridine-based scaffolds useful in cancer diagnosis as well as treatment and design pathways to develop novel drugs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajdeep Tyagi
- Glycochemistry Laboratory, School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110007, India
| | - Kanchan Yadav
- Glycochemistry Laboratory, School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110007, India
| | - Nitin Srivastava
- Department of Chemistry, Amity University Lucknow Campus, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226028, India
| | - Ram Sagar
- Glycochemistry Laboratory, School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110007, India
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Yan H, Sun Z, Qing M, Ling Y, Liu WW, Li NB, Luo HQ. Kill two birds with one stone: Ratiometric sensing of phosphate via a single-component probe with fluorescence-scattering dual-signal response behavior. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1246:340866. [PMID: 36764770 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.340866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Ratiometric fluorescence sensors gain stronger anti-interference ability via self-calibration. Nevertheless, ratiometric analysis of phosphate (Pi) still faces problems such as complicated construction process of dual emission probes and possible interferences from outputting mono-category fluorescent signal. Herein, we propose a "kill two birds with one stone" strategy to address these challenges, by simply introducing a single-component probe, porphyrin paddlewheel framework-3 (PPF-3) nanosheets without modification, encapsulation or complex, to integrate fluorescence (FL)-second-order scattering (SOS) dual-signal for ratiometric detection of Pi. PPF-3 nanosheets are constructed by coordination of Co2+ with 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-carboxyl-phenyl)-porphyrin (TCPP) ligands, displaying weak FL and strong SOS, two different and independent signals. In the response system to Pi, Co2+ and TCPP serve as the recognition element and signal unit, respectively. After interacting with Pi, the high affinity for Co2+ makes Pi snatch Co2+ from the PPF-3 nanosheets, causing their structure disassembly (SOS decrease) and TCPP release (FL increase). Finally, the FL-SOS ratiometric platform is successfully employed to access Pi in real water samples. Synchronous collection of FL and SOS from the single-component probe provides a simpler and more efficient way on ratiometric sensor design as well as a new useful technique for monitoring target-induced aggregation and disaggregation behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Yan
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, PR China
| | - Zhe Sun
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, PR China
| | - Min Qing
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, PR China
| | - Yu Ling
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, PR China
| | - Wei Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, PR China
| | - Nian Bing Li
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, PR China.
| | - Hong Qun Luo
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, PR China.
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Kilic MS. A Novel Flow‐injection Rhodium Nanoparticles Modified Phosphate Biosensor and its Operation in Artificial Urine. ELECTROANAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.202100154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammet Samet Kilic
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Zonguldak Bulent Ecevit University 67100 Zonguldak Turkey
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Zhu B, Zhao F, Hao P, Yu H, Jiang R, Liu Q, Liu Z. A fast phosphate colorimetric sensor based on MoS 2/UiO-66 (Fe/Zr) nanocomposites as oxidase-/peroxidase-like nanoenzymes. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj03149j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
According to the excellent peroxidase activity of MoS2/UiO-66(Fe/Zr) as well as specific recognition towards phosphate (Pi), a fast cheap colorimetric sensing platform has been established to determine phosphate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baocan Zhu
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Fengyang Zhao
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Pingping Hao
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Hongguan Yu
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Renxia Jiang
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Qingyun Liu
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Zhenxue Liu
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
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Fabrication of electrochemical immunosensor based on acid-substituted poly(pyrrole) polymer modified disposable ITO electrode for sensitive detection of CCR4 cancer biomarker in human serum. Talanta 2021; 222:121487. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Erol E, Yildirim E, Cete S. Construction of biosensor for hypoxanthine determination by immobilization of xanthine oxidase and uricase in polypyrrole-paratoluenesulfonate film. J Solid State Electrochem 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-020-04715-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Arvas MB, Gorduk O, Gencten M, Sahin Y. Differential Pulse Voltammetric (DPV) Determination of Phosphomolybdenum Complexes by a Poly(Vinyl Chloride) Coated Molybdenum Blue Modified Pencil Graphite Electrode (PVC-MB-PGE). ANAL LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2020.1772806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Melih Besir Arvas
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts & Science, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ozge Gorduk
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts & Science, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Metin Gencten
- Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yucel Sahin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts & Science, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Korkut S, Göl S, Kilic MS. Poly(pyrrole‐
co
‐pyrrole‐2‐carboxylic acid)/Pyruvate Oxidase Based Biosensor for Phosphate: Determination of the Potential, and Application in Streams. ELECTROANAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201900517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seyda Korkut
- Department of Environmental EngineeringZonguldak Bulent Ecevit University 67100 Zonguldak Turkey
| | - Saliha Göl
- Department of Environmental EngineeringZonguldak Bulent Ecevit University 67100 Zonguldak Turkey
| | - Muhammet Samet Kilic
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringZonguldak Bulent Ecevit University 67100 Zonguldak Turkey
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Synthesis and characterization of a new poly(dithieno (3,2-b:2′, 3′-d) pyrrole) derivative conjugated polymer: Its electrochromic and biosensing applications. POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2017.11.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Preparation of molecularly imprinted electrochemical sensor for l-phenylalanine detection and its application. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2017.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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12
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Paper-based enzymatic electrode with enhanced potentiometric response for monitoring glucose in biological fluids. Biosens Bioelectron 2017; 90:110-116. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Upadhyay LSB, Verma N. Alkaline phosphatase inhibition based conductometric biosensor for phosphate estimation in biological fluids. Biosens Bioelectron 2015; 68:611-616. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.01.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2014] [Revised: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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14
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Recent advances in phosphate biosensors. Biotechnol Lett 2015; 37:1335-45. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-015-1823-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Gonçalves AM, Pedro AQ, Santos FM, Martins LM, Maia CJ, Queiroz JA, Passarinha LA. Trends in protein-based biosensor assemblies for drug screening and pharmaceutical kinetic studies. Molecules 2014; 19:12461-85. [PMID: 25153865 PMCID: PMC6270898 DOI: 10.3390/molecules190812461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Revised: 08/02/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The selection of natural and chemical compounds for potential applications in new pharmaceutical formulations constitutes a time-consuming procedure in drug screening. To overcome this issue, new devices called biosensors, have already demonstrated their versatility and capacity for routine clinical diagnosis. Designed to perform analytical analysis for the detection of a particular analyte, biosensors based on the coupling of proteins to amperometric and optical devices have shown the appropriate selectivity, sensibility and accuracy. During the last years, the exponential demand for pharmacokinetic studies in the early phases of drug development, along with the need of lower molecular weight detection, have led to new biosensor structure materials with innovative immobilization strategies. The result has been the development of smaller, more reproducible biosensors with lower detection limits, and with a drastic reduction in the required sample volumes. Therefore in order to describe the main achievements in biosensor fields, the present review has the main aim of summarizing the essential strategies used to generate these specific devices, that can provide, under physiological conditions, a credible molecule profile and assess specific pharmacokinetic parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Gonçalves
- CICS-UBI Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal.
| | - Augusto Q Pedro
- CICS-UBI Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal.
| | - Fátima M Santos
- CICS-UBI Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal.
| | - Luís M Martins
- CICS-UBI Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal.
| | - Cláudio J Maia
- CICS-UBI Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal.
| | - João A Queiroz
- CICS-UBI Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal.
| | - Luís A Passarinha
- CICS-UBI Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal.
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Lawal AT, Wallace GG. Vapour phase polymerisation of conducting and non-conducting polymers: A review. Talanta 2014; 119:133-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2013.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Revised: 10/12/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Soylemez S, Ekiz Kanik F, Ileri M, Hacioglu SO, Toppare L. Development of a novel biosensor based on a conducting polymer. Talanta 2014; 118:84-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2013.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Revised: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Dong S, Li N, Suo G, Huang T. Inorganic/Organic Doped Carbon Aerogels As Biosensing Materials for the Detection of Hydrogen Peroxide. Anal Chem 2013; 85:11739-46. [DOI: 10.1021/ac4015098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sheying Dong
- College
of Sciences, Xi′an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi′an 710055, People’s Republic of China
| | - Nan Li
- College
of Sciences, Xi′an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi′an 710055, People’s Republic of China
| | - Gaochao Suo
- College
of Sciences, Xi′an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi′an 710055, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tinglin Huang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi′an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi′an 710055, People’s Republic of China
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Synergizing nucleic acid aptamers with 1-dimensional nanostructures as label-free field-effect transistor biosensors. Biosens Bioelectron 2013; 50:278-93. [PMID: 23872609 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2013.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2013] [Revised: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Since the introduction by Gold et al. in 1990, nucleic acid aptamers had evolved to become a true contender in biosensors for protein and cell detections. Aptamers are short strands of synthetically designed DNA or RNA oligonucleotides that can be self-assembled into unique 3-dimensional structures and can bind to different proteins, cells or even small molecules at a high level of specificity and affinity. In recent years, there had been many reports in literature in using aptamers in place of conventional antibodies as capture biomolecules on the surface. This is mainly due to the better thermal stability properties and ease in production. Consequently, also these characteristics allowed the aptamers to find use in field effect transistors (FETs) based upon 1D nanostructured (1D-NS) as label-free biosensing. In terms of designing label-free platforms for biosensors applications, 1D-NS FET had been an attractive option due to reported high sensitivities toward protein targets arising from the large surface area for detection as well as to their label-free nature. Since the first aptamer-based 1D-NS FET biosensor had surfaced in 2005, there had been many more improvements in the overall design and sensitivity in recent years. In this review, the latest developments in synergizing these two interesting areas of research (aptamers and 1D-NS FET) will be discussed for a range of different nanowire types as well as for the detection results.
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Mars A, Parolo C, Raouafi N, Boujlel K, Merkoçi A. Gold nanoparticles decorated with a ferrocene derivative as a potential shift-based transducing system of interest for sensitive immunosensing. J Mater Chem B 2013; 1:2951-2955. [DOI: 10.1039/c3tb20503g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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