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Chen S, Sun Y, Fan X, Xu Y, Chen S, Zhang X, Man B, Yang C, Du J. Review on two-dimensional material-based field-effect transistor biosensors: accomplishments, mechanisms, and perspectives. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:144. [PMID: 37122015 PMCID: PMC10148958 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-01898-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Field-effect transistor (FET) is regarded as the most promising candidate for the next-generation biosensor, benefiting from the advantages of label-free, easy operation, low cost, easy integration, and direct detection of biomarkers in liquid environments. With the burgeoning advances in nanotechnology and biotechnology, researchers are trying to improve the sensitivity of FET biosensors and broaden their application scenarios from multiple strategies. In order to enable researchers to understand and apply FET biosensors deeply, focusing on the multidisciplinary technical details, the iteration and evolution of FET biosensors are reviewed from exploring the sensing mechanism in detecting biomolecules (research direction 1), the response signal type (research direction 2), the sensing performance optimization (research direction 3), and the integration strategy (research direction 4). Aiming at each research direction, forward perspectives and dialectical evaluations are summarized to enlighten rewarding investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Chen
- School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangyu Fan
- School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Yazhe Xu
- School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Chen
- School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinhao Zhang
- School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Baoyuan Man
- School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Yang
- School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jun Du
- School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Sedki M, Shen Y, Mulchandani A. Nano-FET-enabled biosensors: Materials perspective and recent advances in North America. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 176:112941. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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3
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VLSI Structures for DNA Sequencing-A Survey. Bioengineering (Basel) 2020; 7:bioengineering7020049. [PMID: 32486381 PMCID: PMC7355958 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering7020049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA sequencing is a critical functionality in biomedical research, and technical advances that improve it have important implications for human health. Novel methods by which sequencing can be accomplished in more accurate, high-throughput, and faster ways are in development. Here, we review VLSI biosensors for nucleotide detection and DNA sequencing. Implementation strategies are discussed and split into function-specific architectures that are presented for reported design examples from the literature. Lastly, we briefly introduce a new approach to sequencing using Gate All-Around (GAA) nanowire Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistors (MOSFETs) that has significant implications for the field.
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4
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Lin Z, Wu G, Zhao L, Lai KWC. Carbon Nanomaterial-Based Biosensors: A Review of Design and Applications. IEEE NANOTECHNOLOGY MAGAZINE 2019. [DOI: 10.1109/mnano.2019.2927774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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5
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Gerdes F, Klein E, Kull S, Ramin Moayed MM, Lesyuk R, Klinke C. Halogens in the Synthesis of Colloidal Semiconductor Nanocrystals. Z PHYS CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/zpch-2018-1164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In this review, we highlight the role of halogenated compounds in the colloidal synthesis of nanostructured semiconductors. Halogen-containing metallic salts used as precursors and halogenated hydrocarbons used as ligands allow stabilizing different shapes and crystal phases, and enable the formation of colloidal systems with different dimensionality. We summarize recent reports on the tremendous influence of these compounds on the physical properties of nanocrystals, like field-effect mobility and solar cell performance and outline main analytical methods for the nanocrystal surface control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frauke Gerdes
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Hamburg , Grindelallee 117 , 20146 Hamburg , Germany
| | - Eugen Klein
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Hamburg , Grindelallee 117 , 20146 Hamburg , Germany
| | - Sascha Kull
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Hamburg , Grindelallee 117 , 20146 Hamburg , Germany
| | | | - Rostyslav Lesyuk
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Hamburg , Grindelallee 117 , 20146 Hamburg , Germany
- Pidstryhach Institute for Applied Problems of Mechanics and Mathematics of NAS of Ukraine , Naukowa str. 3b , 79060 Lviv , Ukraine
| | - Christian Klinke
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Hamburg , Grindelallee 117 , 20146 Hamburg , Germany
- Department of Chemistry , Swansea University, Singleton Park , Swansea SA2 8PP , UK
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6
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Thakur B, Zhou G, Chang J, Pu H, Jin B, Sui X, Yuan X, Yang CH, Magruder M, Chen J. Rapid detection of single E. coli bacteria using a graphene-based field-effect transistor device. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 110:16-22. [PMID: 29579645 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2018] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Contamination of surface and drinking water due to the presence of Escherichia coli bacteria is a major cause of water-borne disease outbreak. To address unmet challenges for practical pathogen detection in contaminated samples, we report fabrication of thermally reduced graphene oxide-based field-effect transistor (rGO FET) passivated with an ultrathin layer of Al2O3 for real-time detection of E. coli bacteria. The sensor could detect a single E. coli cell within 50 s in a 1 µL sample volume. The ultrathin layer of Al2O3 acted as a barrier between rGO and potential interferents present in the sample. E. coli specific antibodies anchored on gold nanoparticles acted as probes for selective capture of E. coli. The high density of negative charge on the surface of E. coli cells strongly modulates the concentration of majority charge carriers in the rGO monolayer, thereby allowing real-time monitoring of E. coli concentration in a given sample. With a low detection limit of single cell, the FET sensor had a linear range of 1-100 CFU in 1 µL volume of sample (i.e., 103 to 105 CFU/ mL). The biosensor with good selectivity and rapid detection was further successfully demonstrated for E. coli sensing in river water. The rGO-based FET sensor provides a low cost and label-free approach, and can be mass produced for detection of a broad spectrum of pathogens in water or other liquid media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhawana Thakur
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 3200 North Cramer Street, Milwaukee, WI 53211, United States
| | - Guihua Zhou
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 3200 North Cramer Street, Milwaukee, WI 53211, United States
| | - Jingbo Chang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 3200 North Cramer Street, Milwaukee, WI 53211, United States
| | - Haihui Pu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 3200 North Cramer Street, Milwaukee, WI 53211, United States
| | - Bing Jin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 3200 North Cramer Street, Milwaukee, WI 53211, United States
| | - Xiaoyu Sui
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 3200 North Cramer Street, Milwaukee, WI 53211, United States
| | - Xiaochen Yuan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, WI 53211, United States
| | - Ching-Hong Yang
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, WI 53211, United States
| | - Matthew Magruder
- Milwaukee Metropolitan Sewerage District, Milwaukee, WI 53211, United States
| | - Junhong Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 3200 North Cramer Street, Milwaukee, WI 53211, United States.
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7
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Lawal AT. Progress in utilisation of graphene for electrochemical biosensors. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 106:149-178. [PMID: 29414083 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
This review discusses recent graphene (GR) electrochemical biosensor for accurate detection of biomolecules, including glucose, hydrogen peroxide, dopamine, ascorbic acid, uric acid, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, DNA, metals and immunosensor through effective immobilization of enzymes, including glucose oxidase, horseradish peroxidase, and haemoglobin. GR-based biosensors exhibited remarkable performance with high sensitivities, wide linear detection ranges, low detection limits, and long-term stabilities. Future challenges for the field include miniaturising biosensors and simplifying mass production are discussed.
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8
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Chen Y, Ren R, Pu H, Guo X, Chang J, Zhou G, Mao S, Kron M, Chen J. Field-Effect Transistor Biosensor for Rapid Detection of Ebola Antigen. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10974. [PMID: 28887479 PMCID: PMC5591202 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11387-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The Ebola virus transmits a highly contagious, frequently fatal human disease for which there is no specific antiviral treatment. Therefore, rapid, accurate, and early diagnosis of Ebola virus disease (EVD) is critical to public health containment efforts, particularly in developing countries where resources are few and EVD is endemic. We have developed a reduced graphene oxide-based field-effect transistor method for real-time detection of the Ebola virus antigen. This method uses the attractive semiconductor characteristics of graphene-based material, and instantaneously yields highly sensitive and specific detection of Ebola glycoprotein. The feasibility of this method for clinical application in point-of-care technology is evaluated using Ebola glycoprotein suspended in diluted PBS buffer, human serum, and plasma. These results demonstrate the successful fabrication of a promising field-effect transistor biosensor for EVD diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yantao Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 3200 N. Cramer Street, Milwaukee, WI, 53211, USA.,Tianjin Key Laboratory for Photoelectric Materials & Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, P.R. China
| | - Ren Ren
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 3200 N. Cramer Street, Milwaukee, WI, 53211, USA
| | - Haihui Pu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 3200 N. Cramer Street, Milwaukee, WI, 53211, USA
| | - Xiaoru Guo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 3200 N. Cramer Street, Milwaukee, WI, 53211, USA
| | - Jingbo Chang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 3200 N. Cramer Street, Milwaukee, WI, 53211, USA
| | - Guihua Zhou
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 3200 N. Cramer Street, Milwaukee, WI, 53211, USA
| | - Shun Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, P.R. China
| | - Michael Kron
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Biotechnology and Bioengineering Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.
| | - Junhong Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 3200 N. Cramer Street, Milwaukee, WI, 53211, USA.
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9
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Field-effect transistor biosensors with two-dimensional black phosphorus nanosheets. Biosens Bioelectron 2017; 89:505-510. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.03.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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10
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Tang S, Wu W, Yu J. Interfacial interaction of Ag nanoparticles with graphene oxide supports for improving NH3 and NO adsorption: a first-principles study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:7797-807. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp07399e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The interfacial interaction of Ag nanoparticles with graphene oxide supports improves NH3 and NO adsorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaobin Tang
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province
- Gannan Normal University
- Ganzhou 341000
- China
| | - Weihua Wu
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province
- Gannan Normal University
- Ganzhou 341000
- China
| | - Jianping Yu
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences
- Gannan Normal University
- Ganzhou 341000
- China
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11
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Cai B, Huang L, Zhang H, Sun Z, Zhang Z, Zhang GJ. Gold nanoparticles-decorated graphene field-effect transistor biosensor for femtomolar MicroRNA detection. Biosens Bioelectron 2015; 74:329-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.06.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Revised: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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12
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Chang J, Zhou G, Gao X, Mao S, Cui S, Ocola LE, Yuan C, Chen J. Real-time detection of mercury ions in water using a reduced graphene oxide/DNA field-effect transistor with assistance of a passivation layer. SENSING AND BIO-SENSING RESEARCH 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sbsr.2015.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
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13
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Chartuprayoon N, Zhang M, Bosze W, Choa YH, Myung NV. One-dimensional nanostructures based bio-detection. Biosens Bioelectron 2015; 63:432-443. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2014.07.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Revised: 07/05/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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14
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Gao A, Lu N, Dai P, Fan C, Wang Y, Li T. Direct ultrasensitive electrical detection of prostate cancer biomarkers with CMOS-compatible n- and p-type silicon nanowire sensor arrays. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:13036-13042. [PMID: 25248104 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr03210a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Sensitive and quantitative analysis of proteins is central to disease diagnosis, drug screening, and proteomic studies. Here, a label-free, real-time, simultaneous and ultrasensitive prostate-specific antigen (PSA) sensor was developed using CMOS-compatible silicon nanowire field effect transistors (SiNW FET). Highly responsive n- and p-type SiNW arrays were fabricated and integrated on a single chip with a complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) compatible anisotropic self-stop etching technique which eliminated the need for a hybrid method. The incorporated n- and p-type nanowires revealed complementary electrical response upon PSA binding, providing a unique means of internal control for sensing signal verification. The highly selective, simultaneous and multiplexed detection of PSA marker at attomolar concentrations, a level useful for clinical diagnosis of prostate cancer, was demonstrated. The detection ability was corroborated to be effective by comparing the detection results at different pH values. Furthermore, the real-time measurement was also carried out in a clinically relevant sample of blood serum, indicating the practicable development of rapid, robust, high-performance, and low-cost diagnostic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anran Gao
- Science and Technology on Micro-system Laboratory, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200050, Shanghai, China.
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15
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Pineda S, Han ZJ, Ostrikov K. Plasma-Enabled Carbon Nanostructures for Early Diagnosis of Neurodegenerative Diseases. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2014; 7:4896-4929. [PMID: 28788112 PMCID: PMC5455823 DOI: 10.3390/ma7074896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Revised: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Carbon nanostructures (CNs) are amongst the most promising biorecognition nanomaterials due to their unprecedented optical, electrical and structural properties. As such, CNs may be harnessed to tackle the detrimental public health and socio-economic adversities associated with neurodegenerative diseases (NDs). In particular, CNs may be tailored for a specific determination of biomarkers indicative of NDs. However, the realization of such a biosensor represents a significant technological challenge in the uniform fabrication of CNs with outstanding qualities in order to facilitate a highly-sensitive detection of biomarkers suspended in complex biological environments. Notably, the versatility of plasma-based techniques for the synthesis and surface modification of CNs may be embraced to optimize the biorecognition performance and capabilities. This review surveys the recent advances in CN-based biosensors, and highlights the benefits of plasma-processing techniques to enable, enhance, and tailor the performance and optimize the fabrication of CNs, towards the construction of biosensors with unparalleled performance for the early diagnosis of NDs, via a plethora of energy-efficient, environmentally-benign, and inexpensive approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shafique Pineda
- Plasma Nanoscience Centre Australia (PNCA), CSIRO Materials Science and Engineering, P.O. Box 218, Lindfield, NSW 2070, Australia.
- Plasma Nanoscience@Complex Systems, School of Physics, the University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Zhao Jun Han
- Plasma Nanoscience Centre Australia (PNCA), CSIRO Materials Science and Engineering, P.O. Box 218, Lindfield, NSW 2070, Australia.
| | - Kostya Ostrikov
- Plasma Nanoscience Centre Australia (PNCA), CSIRO Materials Science and Engineering, P.O. Box 218, Lindfield, NSW 2070, Australia.
- Plasma Nanoscience@Complex Systems, School of Physics, the University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
- School of Chemistry, Physics, and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia.
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Khatayevich D, Page T, Gresswell C, Hayamizu Y, Grady W, Sarikaya M. Selective detection of target proteins by peptide-enabled graphene biosensor. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2014; 10:1505-13, 1504. [PMID: 24677773 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201302188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Revised: 11/16/2013] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Direct molecular detection of biomarkers is a promising approach for diagnosis and monitoring of numerous diseases, as well as a cornerstone of modern molecular medicine and drug discovery. Currently, clinical applications of biomarkers are limited by the sensitivity, complexity and low selectivity of available indirect detection methods. Electronic 1D and 2D nano-materials such as carbon nanotubes and graphene, respectively, offer unique advantages as sensing substrates for simple, fast and ultrasensitive detection of biomolecular binding. Versatile methods, however, have yet to be developed for simultaneous functionalization and passivation of the sensor surface to allow for enhanced detection and selectivity of the device. Herein, we demonstrate selective detection of a model protein against a background of serum protein using a graphene sensor functionalized via self-assembling multifunctional short peptides. The two peptides are engineered to bind to graphene and undergo co-assembly in the form of an ordered monomolecular film on the substrate. While the probe peptide displays the bioactive molecule, the passivating peptide prevents non-specific protein adsorption onto the device surface, ensuring target selectivity. In particular, we demonstrate a graphene field effect transistor (gFET) biosensor which can detect streptavidin against a background of serum bovine albumin at less than 50 ng/ml. Our nano-sensor design, allows us to restore the graphene surface and utilize each sensor in multiple experiments. The peptide-enabled gFET device has great potential to address a variety of bio-sensing problems, such as studying ligand-receptor interactions, or detection of biomarkers in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitriy Khatayevich
- GEMSEC, Genetically Engineered Materials Science and Engineering Center, Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, 302 Roberts Hall, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
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17
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Mehrabani S, Maker AJ, Armani AM. Hybrid integrated label-free chemical and biological sensors. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2014; 14:5890-928. [PMID: 24675757 PMCID: PMC4029679 DOI: 10.3390/s140405890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Revised: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Label-free sensors based on electrical, mechanical and optical transduction methods have potential applications in numerous areas of society, ranging from healthcare to environmental monitoring. Initial research in the field focused on the development and optimization of various sensor platforms fabricated from a single material system, such as fiber-based optical sensors and silicon nanowire-based electrical sensors. However, more recent research efforts have explored designing sensors fabricated from multiple materials. For example, synthetic materials and/or biomaterials can also be added to the sensor to improve its response toward analytes of interest. By leveraging the properties of the different material systems, these hybrid sensing devices can have significantly improved performance over their single-material counterparts (better sensitivity, specificity, signal to noise, and/or detection limits). This review will briefly discuss some of the methods for creating these multi-material sensor platforms and the advances enabled by this design approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simin Mehrabani
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
| | - Ashley J Maker
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
| | - Andrea M Armani
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
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18
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Abstract
We provide a state-of-the-art review of the main strategies for the enhancement of analytical performance of sensors using nanomaterials, particularly nanowires and carbon-based materials. We emphasize the way to overcome the problem of device-to-device variation. We discuss the study of the influence of nanomaterial characteristics, sensor dimensions and operational conditions on sensing performance, and the application of appropriate calibration models.
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