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Ding Z, Gao H, Wang C, Li Y, Li N, Chu L, Chen H, Xie H, Su M, Liu H. Acoustic Levitation Synthesis of Ultrahigh-Density Spherical Nucleic Acid Architectures for Specific SERS Analysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202317463. [PMID: 38503689 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202317463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Controllably regulating the electrostatic bilayer of nanogold colloids is a significant premise for synthesizing spherical nucleic acid (SNA) and building ordered plasmonic architectures. We develop a facile acoustic levitation reactor to universally synthesize SNAs with an ultra-high density of DNA strands, which is even higher than those of various state-of-the-art methods. Results reveal a new mechanism of DNA grafting via acoustic wave that can reconfigure the ligands on colloidal surfaces. The acoustic levitation reactor enables substrate-free three-dimentional (3D) spatial assembly of SNAs with controllable interparticle nanogaps through regulating DNA lengths. This kind of architecture may overcome the plasmonic enhancement limits by blocking electron tunneling and breaking electrostatic shielding in dried aggregations. Finite element simulations support the architecture with 3D spatial plasmonic hotspot matrix, and its ultrahigh surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) capability is evidenced by in situ untargeted tracking of biomolecular events during photothermal stimulation (PTS)-induced cell death process. For biomarker diagnosis, the conjugation of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) aptamer onto SNAs enables in situ targeted tracking of ATP during PTS-induced cell death process. Particularly, the CD71 receptor and integrin α3β1 protein on PL45 cell membrance could be well distinguished by label-free SERS fingerprints when using specific XQ-2d and DML-7 aptamers, respectively, to synthesize SNA architectures. Our current acoustic levitation reactor offers a new method for synthesizing SNAs and enables both targeted and untargeted SERS analysis for tracking molecular events in living systems. It promises great potentials in biochemical synthesis and sensing in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongxiang Ding
- Key Laboratory for Animal Food Green Manufacturing and Resource Mining of Anhui Province, China Light Industry Key Laboratory of Meat Microbial Control and Utilization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Heng Gao
- Key Laboratory for Animal Food Green Manufacturing and Resource Mining of Anhui Province, China Light Industry Key Laboratory of Meat Microbial Control and Utilization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Chao Wang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Yuzhu Li
- Key Laboratory for Animal Food Green Manufacturing and Resource Mining of Anhui Province, China Light Industry Key Laboratory of Meat Microbial Control and Utilization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Ning Li
- Key Laboratory for Animal Food Green Manufacturing and Resource Mining of Anhui Province, China Light Industry Key Laboratory of Meat Microbial Control and Utilization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Leiming Chu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Food Green Manufacturing and Resource Mining of Anhui Province, China Light Industry Key Laboratory of Meat Microbial Control and Utilization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Haijie Chen
- Key Laboratory for Animal Food Green Manufacturing and Resource Mining of Anhui Province, China Light Industry Key Laboratory of Meat Microbial Control and Utilization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Haijiao Xie
- Hangzhou Yanqu Information Technology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, 310003, P.R.O.C., China
| | - Mengke Su
- Key Laboratory for Animal Food Green Manufacturing and Resource Mining of Anhui Province, China Light Industry Key Laboratory of Meat Microbial Control and Utilization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Honglin Liu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Food Green Manufacturing and Resource Mining of Anhui Province, China Light Industry Key Laboratory of Meat Microbial Control and Utilization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
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Bourne LE, Davies BK, Millan JL, Arnett TR, Wheeler-Jones CPD, Keen JAC, Roberts SJ, Orriss IR. Evidence that pyrophosphate acts as an extracellular signalling molecule to exert direct functional effects in primary cultures of osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Bone 2023; 176:116868. [PMID: 37549801 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2023.116868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular pyrophosphate (PPi) is well known for its fundamental role as a physiochemical mineralisation inhibitor. However, information about its direct actions on bone cells remains limited. This study shows that PPi decreased osteoclast formation and resorptive activity by ≤50 %. These inhibitory actions were associated with reduced expression of genes involved in osteoclastogenesis (Tnfrsf11a, Dcstamp) and bone resorption (Ctsk, Car2, Acp5). In osteoblasts, PPi present for the entire (0-21 days) or latter stages of culture (7-21/14-21 days) decreased bone mineralisation by ≤95 %. However, PPi present for the differentiation phase only (0-7/0-14 days) increased bone formation (≤70 %). Prolonged treatment with PPi resulted in earlier matrix deposition and increased soluble collagen levels (≤2.3-fold). Expression of osteoblast (RUNX2, Bglap) and early osteocyte (E11, Dmp1) genes along with mineralisation inhibitors (Spp1, Mgp) was increased by PPi (≤3-fold). PPi levels are regulated by tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP) and ecto-nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 (NPP1). PPi reduced NPP1 expression in both cell types whereas TNAP expression (≤2.5-fold) and activity (≤35 %) were increased in osteoblasts. Breakdown of extracellular ATP by NPP1 represents a key source of PPi. ATP release from osteoclasts and osteoblasts was decreased ≤60 % by PPi and by a selective TNAP inhibitor (CAS496014-12-2). Pertussis toxin, which prevents Gαi subunit activation, was used to investigate whether G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) signalling mediates the effects of PPi. The actions of PPi on bone mineralisation, collagen production, ATP release, gene/protein expression and osteoclast formation were abolished or attenuated by pertussis toxin. Together these findings show that PPi, modulates differentiation, function and gene expression in osteoblasts and osteoclasts. The ability of PPi to alter ATP release and NPP1/TNAP expression and activity indicates that cells can detect PPi levels and respond accordingly. Our data also raise the possibility that some actions of PPi on bone cells could be mediated by a Gαi-linked GPCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie E Bourne
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, UK; School of Applied Sciences, University of Brighton, UK
| | - Bethan K Davies
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, UK; Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, KU, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jose Luis Millan
- Sanford-Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, USA
| | - Timothy R Arnett
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, UK; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Jacob A C Keen
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, UK
| | - Scott J Roberts
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, UK
| | - Isabel R Orriss
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, UK.
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Gao X, Di X, Li J, Kang Y, Xie W, Sun L, Zhang J. Extracellular ATP-induced calcium oscillations regulating the differentiation of osteoblasts through aerobic oxidation metabolism pathways. J Bone Miner Metab 2023; 41:606-620. [PMID: 37418073 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-023-01449-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The increase of ATP concentration in the extracellular space represents one of the effective signals that stimulate the physiological activities of cells when the bone is exposed to external mechanical stimulation such as stretching and shear stress force throughout life. However, the effects of ATP on osteoblast differentiation and related mechanisms are not well understood. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, the roles of extracellular ATP on osteoblast differentiation, intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) levels, metabolomics, and the expression of proteins related to energy metabolism were investigated. RESULTS Our results showed that 100 μM extracellular ATP initiated intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) oscillations via the calcium-sensing receptor (P2R) and promoted the differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells. Metabolomics analysis showed that the differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells depended on aerobic oxidation, but little glycolysis. Moreover, the differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells and aerobic oxidation were suppressed with the inhibition of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). CONCLUSION These results indicate that calcium oscillations triggered by extracellular ATP can activate aerobic oxidation through AMPK-related signaling pathways and thus promote osteoblast differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Education Ministry, Institute of Health and Rehabilitation Science, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 711049, China
| | - Xiaohui Di
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Education Ministry, Institute of Health and Rehabilitation Science, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 711049, China
| | - Jingjing Li
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Education Ministry, Institute of Health and Rehabilitation Science, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 711049, China
| | - Yiting Kang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Education Ministry, Institute of Health and Rehabilitation Science, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 711049, China
| | - Wenjun Xie
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Education Ministry, Institute of Health and Rehabilitation Science, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 711049, China
| | - Lijun Sun
- Institute of Sports Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China.
| | - Jianbao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Education Ministry, Institute of Health and Rehabilitation Science, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 711049, China.
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Reyes Fernandez PC, Wright CS, Farach-Carson MC, Thompson WR. Examining Mechanisms for Voltage-Sensitive Calcium Channel-Mediated Secretion Events in Bone Cells. Calcif Tissue Int 2023; 113:126-142. [PMID: 37261463 PMCID: PMC11008533 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-023-01097-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In addition to their well-described functions in cell excitability, voltage-sensitive calcium channels (VSCCs) serve a critical role in calcium (Ca2+)-mediated secretion of pleiotropic paracrine and endocrine factors, including those produced in bone. Influx of Ca2+ through VSCCs activates intracellular signaling pathways to modulate a variety of cellular processes that include cell proliferation, differentiation, and bone adaptation in response to mechanical stimuli. Less well understood is the role of VSCCs in the control of bone and calcium homeostasis mediated through secreted factors. In this review, we discuss the various functions of VSCCs in skeletal cells as regulators of Ca2+ dynamics and detail how these channels might control the release of bioactive factors from bone cells. Because VSCCs are druggable, a better understanding of the multiple functions of these channels in the skeleton offers the opportunity for developing new therapies to enhance and maintain bone and to improve systemic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perla C Reyes Fernandez
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health and Human Sciences, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Christian S Wright
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health and Human Sciences, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Mary C Farach-Carson
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
- Departments of BioSciences and Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - William R Thompson
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health and Human Sciences, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
- Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
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Nishiyama K, Mizukami R, Kuki S, Ishida A, Chida J, Kido H, Maeki M, Tani H, Tokeshi M. Electrochemical enzyme-based blood ATP and lactate sensor for a rapid and straightforward evaluation of illness severity. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 198:113832. [PMID: 34856516 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to develop an electrochemical system for measuring blood ATP and lactate levels in a single format. The ratio of lactate to ATP levels was previously reported to provide an alternative illness severity score. Although severity evaluation is crucial to treat patients with acute disease admitted to intensive care units, no sensors are currently available to simply and rapidly measure ATP and lactate levels using the same detection method. Therefore, we constructed an integrated sensing system for ATP and lactate using enzymatic reactions and two sets of electrodes integrated into a chip connected to a single potentiostat operated by a microcontroller. The enzymatic system involves adenylate kinase, pyruvate kinase, and pyruvate oxidase for ATP, and lactate oxidase for lactate, both of which produce hydrogen peroxide. Multiplex enzyme-based reactions were designed to minimize the corresponding operations significantly without enzyme immobilization onto the electrodes. The system was robust in the presence of potentially interfering blood components, such as ascorbate, pyruvate, ADP, urate, and potassium ions. The ATP and lactate levels in the blood were successfully measured using the new sensor with good recoveries. The analytical results of blood samples obtained using our sensor were in good agreement with those using conventional methods. Integrating electrode-based analysis and a microcontroller-based system saved further operations, enabling the straightforward measurement of ATP and lactate levels within 5 min. The proposed sensor may serve as a useful tool in the management of serious infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keine Nishiyama
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13 Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Ryohei Mizukami
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13 Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Shizuka Kuki
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13 Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Akihiko Ishida
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13 Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan.
| | - Junji Chida
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Kuramoto-cho 3-18-15, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kido
- Division of Pathology and Metabolome Research for Host Defense, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Kuramoto-cho 3-18-15, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Maeki
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13 Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Tani
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13 Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Manabu Tokeshi
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13 Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan; Institute of Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan; Innovative Research Center for Preventive Medical Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
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Physicochemical and Electrochemical Characterization of Electropolymerized Polydopamine Films: Influence of the Deposition Process. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11081964. [PMID: 34443798 PMCID: PMC8400158 DOI: 10.3390/nano11081964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Polydopamine (PDA) is a synthetic eumelanin polymer which is, to date, mostly obtained by dip coating processes. In this contribution, we evaluate the physical and electrochemical properties of electrochemically deposited PDA films obtained by cyclic voltammetry or pulsed deposition. The obtained PDA thin films are investigated with respect to their electrochemical properties, i.e., electron transfer (ET) kinetics and charge transfer resistance using scanning electrochemical microscopy and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and their nanomechanical properties, i.e., Young’s modulus and adhesion forces at varying experimental conditions, such as applied potential or pH value of the medium using atomic force microscopy. In particular, the ET behavior at different pH values has not to date been investigated in detail for electrodeposited PDA thin films, which is of particular interest for a multitude of applications. Adhesion forces strongly depend on applied potential and surrounding pH value. Moreover, force spectroscopic measurements reveal a significantly higher percentage of polymeric character compared to films obtained by dip coating. Additionally, distinct differences between the two depositions methods are observed, which indicate that the pulse deposition process leads to denser, more cross-linked films.
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Liu YL, Huang WH. Stretchable Electrochemical Sensors for Cell and Tissue Detection. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 60:2757-2767. [PMID: 32632992 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202007754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Electrochemical sensing based on conventional rigid electrodes has great restrictions for characterizing biomolecules in deformed cells or soft tissues. The recent emergence of stretchable sensors allows electrodes to conformally contact to curved surfaces and perfectly comply with the deformation of living cells and tissues. This provides a powerful strategy to monitor biomolecules from mechanically deformed cells, tissues, and organisms in real time, and opens up new opportunities to explore the mechanotransduction process. In this minireview, we first summarize the fabrication of stretchable electrodes with emphasis on the nanomaterial-enabled strategies. We then describe representative applications of stretchable sensors in the real-time monitoring of mechanically sensitive cells and tissues. Finally, we present the future possibilities and challenges of stretchable electrochemical sensing in cell, tissue, and in vivo detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ling Liu
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Wei-Hua Huang
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
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8
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Liu Y, Huang W. Stretchable Electrochemical Sensors for Cell and Tissue Detection. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202007754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan‐Ling Liu
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Wei‐Hua Huang
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China
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9
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Peteu SF, Russell SA, Galligan JJ, Swain GM. An Electrochemical ATP Biosensor with Enzymes Entrapped within a PEDOT Film. ELECTROANAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.202060397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Serban F. Peteu
- Department of Chemistry Michigan State University Department of Chemistry 578 S. Shaw Lane East Lansing MI 48824-1322 USA
| | - Skye A. Russell
- Department of Chemistry Michigan State University Department of Chemistry 578 S. Shaw Lane East Lansing MI 48824-1322 USA
| | - James J. Galligan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Michigan State University B440 Life Sciences Building East Lansing MI 48824-1317 USA
- Neuroscience Program, Giltner Hall 293 Farm Lane, Room 108 East Lansing MI 48824-1101 USA
| | - Greg M. Swain
- Department of Chemistry Michigan State University Department of Chemistry 578 S. Shaw Lane East Lansing MI 48824-1322 USA
- Neuroscience Program, Giltner Hall 293 Farm Lane, Room 108 East Lansing MI 48824-1101 USA
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Carluccio M, Ziberi S, Zuccarini M, Giuliani P, Caciagli F, Di Iorio P, Ciccarelli R. Adult mesenchymal stem cells: is there a role for purine receptors in their osteogenic differentiation? Purinergic Signal 2020; 16:263-287. [PMID: 32500422 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-020-09703-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The role played by mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in contributing to adult tissue homeostasis and damage repair thanks to their differentiation capabilities has raised a great interest, mainly in bone regenerative medicine. The growth/function of these undifferentiated cells of mesodermal origin, located in specialized structures (niches) of differentiated organs is influenced by substances present in this microenvironment. Among them, ancestral and ubiquitous molecules such as adenine-based purines, i.e., ATP and adenosine, may be included. Notably, extracellular purine concentrations greatly increase during tissue injury; thus, MSCs are exposed to effects mediated by these agents interacting with their own receptors when they act/migrate in vivo or are transplanted into a damaged tissue. Here, we reported that ATP modulates MSC osteogenic differentiation via different P2Y and P2X receptors, but data are often inconclusive/contradictory so that the ATP receptor importance for MSC physiology/differentiation into osteoblasts is yet undetermined. An exception is represented by P2X7 receptors, whose expression was shown at various differentiation stages of bone cells resulting essential for differentiation/survival of both osteoclasts and osteoblasts. As well, adenosine, usually derived from extracellular ATP metabolism, can promote osteogenesis, likely via A2B receptors, even though findings from human MSCs should be implemented and confirmed in preclinical models. Therefore, although many data have revealed possible effects caused by extracellular purines in bone healing/remodeling, further studies, hopefully performed in in vivo models, are necessary to identify defined roles for these compounds in favoring/increasing the pro-osteogenic properties of MSCs and thereby their usefulness in bone regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzia Carluccio
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 29, 66100, Chieti, Italy.,Center for Advanced Studies and Technologies (CAST), University of Chieti-Pescara, Via L. Polacchi, 66100, Chieti, Italy.,StemTeCh Group, Via L. Polacchi, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Sihana Ziberi
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 29, 66100, Chieti, Italy.,Center for Advanced Studies and Technologies (CAST), University of Chieti-Pescara, Via L. Polacchi, 66100, Chieti, Italy.,StemTeCh Group, Via L. Polacchi, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Mariachiara Zuccarini
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 29, 66100, Chieti, Italy.,Center for Advanced Studies and Technologies (CAST), University of Chieti-Pescara, Via L. Polacchi, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Patricia Giuliani
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 29, 66100, Chieti, Italy.,Center for Advanced Studies and Technologies (CAST), University of Chieti-Pescara, Via L. Polacchi, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Francesco Caciagli
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technologies (CAST), University of Chieti-Pescara, Via L. Polacchi, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Patrizia Di Iorio
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 29, 66100, Chieti, Italy.,Center for Advanced Studies and Technologies (CAST), University of Chieti-Pescara, Via L. Polacchi, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Renata Ciccarelli
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 29, 66100, Chieti, Italy. .,Center for Advanced Studies and Technologies (CAST), University of Chieti-Pescara, Via L. Polacchi, 66100, Chieti, Italy. .,StemTeCh Group, Via L. Polacchi, 66100, Chieti, Italy.
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11
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Orriss IR. Extracellular pyrophosphate: The body's "water softener". Bone 2020; 134:115243. [PMID: 31954851 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular pyrophosphate (ePPi) was first identified as a key endogenous inhibitor of mineralisation in the 1960's by Fleisch and colleagues. The main source of ePPi seems to be extracellular ATP which is continually released from cells in a controlled way. ATP is rapidly broken down by enzymes including ecto-nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterases to produce ePPi. The major function of ePPi is to directly inhibit hydroxyapatite formation and growth meaning that this simple molecule acts as the body's own "water softener". However, studies have also shown that ePPi can influence gene expression and regulate its own production and breakdown. This review will summarise our current knowledge of ePPi metabolism and how it acts to prevent pathological soft tissue calcification and regulate physiological bone mineralisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel R Orriss
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London NW1 0TU, UK.
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12
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Liu YL, Chen Y, Fan WT, Cao P, Yan J, Zhao XZ, Dong WG, Huang WH. Mechanical Distension Induces Serotonin Release from Intestine as Revealed by Stretchable Electrochemical Sensing. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:4075-4081. [PMID: 31829491 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201913953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The role of endogenous serotonin (5-HT) in gastrointestinal motility is still highly controversial. Although electrochemical techniques allow for direct and real-time recording of biomolecules, the dynamic monitoring of 5-HT release from elastic and tubular intestine during motor reflexes remains a great challenge because of the specific peristalsis patterns and inevitable passivation of the sensing interface. A stretchable sensor with antifouling and decontamination properties was assembled from gold nanotubes, titanium dioxide nanoparticles, and carbon nanotubes. The sandwich-like structure endowed the sensor with satisfying mechanical stability and electrochemical performance, high resistance against physical adsorption, and superior efficiency in the photodegradation of biofouling molecules. Insertion of the sensor into the lumen of rat ileum (the last section of the small intestine) successfully mimics intestinal peristalsis, and simultaneous real-time monitoring of distension-evoked 5-HT release was possible for the first time. Our results unambiguously reveal that mechanical distension of the intestine induces endogenous 5-HT overflow, and 5-HT level is closely associated with the physiological or pathological states of the intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ling Liu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Digestive System Disease, Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Wen-Ting Fan
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Pan Cao
- Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Digestive System Disease, Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Jing Yan
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Xing-Zhong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Wei-Guo Dong
- Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Digestive System Disease, Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Wei-Hua Huang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
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13
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Liu Y, Chen Y, Fan W, Cao P, Yan J, Zhao X, Dong W, Huang W. Mechanical Distension Induces Serotonin Release from Intestine as Revealed by Stretchable Electrochemical Sensing. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201913953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan‐Ling Liu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education) College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Yan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Digestive System Disease Department of Gastroenterology Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan 430060 China
| | - Wen‐Ting Fan
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education) College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Pan Cao
- Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Digestive System Disease Department of Gastroenterology Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan 430060 China
| | - Jing Yan
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education) College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Xing‐Zhong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education School of Physics and Technology Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Wei‐Guo Dong
- Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Digestive System Disease Department of Gastroenterology Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan 430060 China
| | - Wei‐Hua Huang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education) College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China
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14
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Zhu Q, Liang B, Liang Y, Ji L, Cai Y, Wu K, Tu T, Ren H, Huang B, Wei J, Fang L, Liang X, Ye X. 3D bimetallic Au/Pt nanoflowers decorated needle-type microelectrode for direct in situ monitoring of ATP secreted from living cells. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 153:112019. [PMID: 31989935 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) plays a crucial role in energy metabolism and extracellular purinergic signaling. A 3D bimetallic Au/Pt nanoflowers decorated ATP microelectrode biosensor prepared by facile and effective template-free electrodeposition was firstly reported, realizing local detection of cellular ATP secretion. The ATP biosensor was developed by co-immobilization of glucose oxidase and hexokinase, exhibiting long-term stability (79.39 ± 9.15% of its initial value remained after 14 days at 4 °C) and high selectivity with a limit of detection down to 2.5 μM (S/N = 3). The resulting ATP biosensor was then used for direct in situ monitoring of ATP secreted from living cells (PC12) with the stimulation of high K+ solutions. The obtained current was about 21.6 ± 3.4 nA (N = 6), corresponding to 12.2 ± 2.8 μM ATP released from cells, right in the micromolar range and consistent with the suggested levels. The 3D bimetallic Au/Pt nanoflowers possess excellent catalytic activity and large electroactive surface area, contributing to enzymatic activity preservation and long-term stability. This work provides a promising platform for long-time monitoring of other neurotransmitters and secretions in cellular glycolysis and apoptosis processes in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Zhu
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Innovation Center for Minimally Invasive Technique and Device, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, PR China
| | - Bo Liang
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Innovation Center for Minimally Invasive Technique and Device, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, PR China.
| | - Yitao Liang
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Innovation Center for Minimally Invasive Technique and Device, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, PR China
| | - Lin Ji
- Key Laboratory of Laparoscopic Technology of Zhejiang Province, Department of General Surgery, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, PR China
| | - Yu Cai
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Innovation Center for Minimally Invasive Technique and Device, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, PR China
| | - Ke Wu
- Key Laboratory of Laparoscopic Technology of Zhejiang Province, Department of General Surgery, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, PR China
| | - Tingting Tu
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Innovation Center for Minimally Invasive Technique and Device, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, PR China
| | - Hangxu Ren
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Innovation Center for Minimally Invasive Technique and Device, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, PR China
| | - Bobo Huang
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Innovation Center for Minimally Invasive Technique and Device, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, PR China
| | - Jinwei Wei
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Innovation Center for Minimally Invasive Technique and Device, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, PR China
| | - Lu Fang
- College of Automation, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, 310018, PR China
| | - Xiao Liang
- Key Laboratory of Laparoscopic Technology of Zhejiang Province, Department of General Surgery, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, PR China
| | - Xuesong Ye
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Innovation Center for Minimally Invasive Technique and Device, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, PR China.
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15
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Lorusso D, Nikolov HN, Holdsworth DW, Dixon SJ. Vibration of osteoblastic cells using a novel motion-control platform does not acutely alter cytosolic calcium, but desensitizes subsequent responses to extracellular ATP. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:5096-5110. [PMID: 31696507 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Low-magnitude high-frequency mechanical vibration induces biological responses in many tissues. Like many cell types, osteoblasts respond rapidly to certain forms of mechanostimulation, such as fluid shear, with transient elevation in the concentration of cytosolic free calcium ([Ca2+ ]i ). However, it is not known whether vibration of osteoblastic cells also induces acute elevation in [Ca2+ ]i . To address this question, we built a platform for vibrating live cells that is compatible with microscopy and microspectrofluorometry, enabling us to observe immediate responses of cells to low-magnitude high-frequency vibrations. The horizontal vibration system was mounted on an inverted microscope, and its mechanical performance was evaluated using optical tracking and accelerometry. The platform was driven by a sinusoidal signal at 20-500 Hz, producing peak accelerations from 0.1 to 1 g. Accelerometer-derived displacements matched those observed optically within 10%. We then used this system to investigate the effect of acceleration on [Ca2+ ]i in rodent osteoblastic cells. Cells were loaded with fura-2, and [Ca2+ ]i was monitored using microspectrofluorometry and fluorescence ratio imaging. No acute changes in [Ca2+ ]i or cell morphology were detected in response to vibration over the range of frequencies and accelerations studied. However, vibration did attenuate Ca2+ transients generated subsequently by extracellular ATP, which activates P2 purinoceptors and has been implicated in mechanical signaling in bone. In summary, we developed and validated a motion-control system capable of precisely delivering vibrations to live cells during real-time microscopy. Vibration did not elicit acute elevation of [Ca2+ ]i , but did desensitize responses to later stimulation with ATP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Lorusso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.,Imaging Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.,Bone and Joint Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Hristo N Nikolov
- Imaging Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - David W Holdsworth
- Imaging Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.,Bone and Joint Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Surgery, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - S Jeffrey Dixon
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.,Bone and Joint Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
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16
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Lin J, Weixler D, Daboss S, Seibold GM, Andronescu C, Schuhmann W, Kranz C. Time-resolved ATP measurements during vesicle respiration. Talanta 2019; 205:120083. [PMID: 31450430 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.06.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In vitro synthesis of ATP catalyzed by the ATP-synthase requires membrane vesicles, in which the ATP-synthase is present within the bilayer membrane. Inverted vesicle prepared from Gram negative cells (e.g., Escherichia coli or Pseudomonas putida) can be readily obtained and used for in vitro ATP-synthesis. Up to now, quantification of ATP synthesized by membrane vesicles has been mostly analyzed via bioluminescence-based assays. Alternatively, vesicle respiration and the associated ATP level can be determined using biosensors, which not only provide high selectivity, but allow ATP measurements without the sample being illuminated. Here, we present a microbiosensor for ATP in combination with scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) using an innovative two-compartment electrochemical cell for the determination of ATP levels at E.coli or P. putida inverted vesicles. For a protein concentration of 22 mg/ml, a total amount of 0.29 ± 0.03 μM/μl ATP per vesicle was determined in case of E.coli; in turn, P. putida derived vesicles yielded 0.48 ± 0.02 μM/μl ATP per vesicle at a total protein concentration of 25.2 mg/ml. Inhibition experiments with Venturicidin A clearly revealed that the respiratory chain enzyme complex responsible for ATP generation is effectively involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Lin
- Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Dominik Weixler
- Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Sven Daboss
- Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Gerd M Seibold
- Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany; Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Corina Andronescu
- Chemical Technology III, Faculty of Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Carl-Benz-Str. 199, 47057, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Schuhmann
- Analytical Chemistry - Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, 17 Universitätsstr. 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Christine Kranz
- Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
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17
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Kim BH, Wang FI, Pereverzev A, Chidiac P, Dixon SJ. Toward Defining the Pharmacophore for Positive Allosteric Modulation of PTH1 Receptor Signaling by Extracellular Nucleotides. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2019; 2:155-167. [PMID: 32259054 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.8b00053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The parathyroid hormone 1 receptor (PTH1R) is a Class B G-protein-coupled receptor that is a target for osteoporosis therapeutics. Activated PTH1R couples through Gs to the stimulation of adenylyl cyclase. As well, β-arrestin is recruited to PTH1R leading to receptor internalization and MAPK/ERK signaling. Previously, we reported that the agonist potency of PTH1R is increased in the presence of extracellular ATP, which acts as a positive allosteric modulator of PTH signaling. Another nucleotide, cytidine 5'-monophosphate (CMP), also enhances PTH1R signaling, suggesting that ATP and CMP share a moiety responsible for positive allostery, possibly ribose-5-phosphate. Therefore, we examined the effect of extracellular sugar phosphates on PTH1R signaling. cAMP levels and β-arrestin recruitment were monitored using luminescence-based assays. Alone, ribose-5-phosphate had no detectable effect on adenylyl cyclase activity in UMR-106 rat osteoblastic cells, which endogenously express PTH1R. However, ribose-5-phosphate markedly enhanced the activation of adenylyl cyclase induced by PTH. Other sugar phosphates, including glucose-1-phosphate, glucose-6-phosphate, fructose-6-phosphate, and fructose-1,6-bisphosphate, also potentiated PTH-induced adenylyl cyclase activation. As well, some sugar phosphates enhanced PTH-induced β-arrestin recruitment to human PTH1R heterologously expressed in HEK293H cells. Interestingly, the effects of glucose-1-phosphate were greater than those of its isomer glucose-6-phosphate. Our results suggest that phosphorylated monosaccharides such as ribose-5-phosphate contain the pharmacophore for positive allosteric modulation of PTH1R. At least in some cases, the extent of modulation depends on the position of the phosphate group. Knowledge of the pharmacophore may permit future development of positive allosteric modulators to increase the therapeutic efficacy of PTH1R agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon H Kim
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry; and Bone and Joint Institute; The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Fang I Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry; and Bone and Joint Institute; The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Alexey Pereverzev
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry; and Bone and Joint Institute; The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Peter Chidiac
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry; and Bone and Joint Institute; The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - S Jeffrey Dixon
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry; and Bone and Joint Institute; The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
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18
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Veronesi F, Tschon M, Visani A, Fini M. Biosensors for real-time monitoring of physiological processes in the musculoskeletal system: A systematic review. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:21504-21518. [PMID: 31062360 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Biosensors are composed of (bio)receptors, transducers, and detection systems and are able to convert the biological stimulus into a measurable signal. This systematic review evaluates the current state of the art of innovation and research in this field, identifying the biosensors that in vitro monitor the musculoskeletal system cellular processes. Two databases found 20 in vitro studies, from January 1, 2008 to December 31, 2017, dealing with musculoskeletal system cells. The biosensors were divided into two groups based on the transduction mechanism: optical or electrochemical. The first group evaluated osteoblasts or mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) biocompatibility, viability, differentiation, alkaline phosphatase, enzyme, and protein detection. The second group detected cell impedance, ATP release, and superoxide concentration in tenocytes, osteoblasts, MSCs, and myoblasts. This review highlighted that the in vitro scenario is still at an early phase and limited for what concerns both the type of bioanalyte and for the type of system detector used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Veronesi
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies, IRCCS-Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Matilde Tschon
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies, IRCCS-Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Visani
- Laboratory of Biomechanics and Technology Innovation, IRCCS-Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Milena Fini
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies, IRCCS-Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
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19
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Lin J, Daboss S, Blaimer D, Kranz C. Micro-Structured Polydopamine Films via Pulsed Electrochemical Deposition. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 9:E242. [PMID: 30754722 PMCID: PMC6409672 DOI: 10.3390/nano9020242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Polydopamine (PDA) films are interesting as smart functional materials, and their controlled structured formation plays a significant role in a wide range of applications ranging from cell adhesion to sensing and catalysis. A pulsed deposition technique is reported for micro-structuring polydopamine films using scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) in direct mode. Thereby, precise and reproducible film thicknesses of the deposited spots could be achieved ranging from 5.9 +/- 0.48 nm (1 pulse cycle) to 75.4 nm +/- 2.5 nm for 90 pulse cycles. The obtained morphology is different in comparison to films deposited via cyclic voltammetry or films formed by autooxidation showing a cracked blister-like structure for high pulse cycle numbers. The obtained polydopamine spots were investigated in respect to their electrochemical properties using SECM approach curves. Quantitative kinetic data in dependence of the film thickness, the substrate potential, and the used redox species were obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Lin
- Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Sven Daboss
- Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Dominik Blaimer
- Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Christine Kranz
- Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
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20
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Zhu Z, Ye Z, Zhang Q, Zhang J, Cao F. Novel dual Pt-Pt/IrO ultramicroelectrode for pH imaging using SECM in both potentiometric and amperometric modes. Electrochem commun 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2018.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
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21
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Khayamian MA, Ansaryan S, Moghtaderi H, Abdolahad M. Applying VHB acrylic elastomer as a cell culture and stretchable substrate. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2017.1419244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ali Khayamian
- School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
- Nano Electronic Center of Excellence, Nano Bio Electronic Devices Lab, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
- Nano Electronic Center of Excellence, Thin Film and Nanoelectronic Lab, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeid Ansaryan
- Nano Electronic Center of Excellence, Nano Bio Electronic Devices Lab, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
- Nano Electronic Center of Excellence, Thin Film and Nanoelectronic Lab, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Moghtaderi
- Nano Electronic Center of Excellence, Nano Bio Electronic Devices Lab, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
- Nano Electronic Center of Excellence, Thin Film and Nanoelectronic Lab, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abdolahad
- Nano Electronic Center of Excellence, Nano Bio Electronic Devices Lab, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
- Nano Electronic Center of Excellence, Thin Film and Nanoelectronic Lab, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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22
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Sindhavajiva PR, Sastravaha P, Arksornnukit M, Pavasant P. Intermittent compressive force induces human mandibular-derived osteoblast differentiation via WNT/β-catenin signaling. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:3474-3485. [PMID: 29143994 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical force induces an efflux of ATP that regulates osteoblast differentiation. However, the effect of mechanical force-induced ATP efflux on WNT/β-catenin signaling remains unclarified. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of intermittent compressive force (ICF) and ICF-induced extracellular ATP on osteoblast differentiation via WNT/β-catenin signaling in human mandibular-derived osteoblast precursors (hMOBPs). The hMOBPs were subjected to ICF (1.5 g/cm2 , 0.3 Hz) for 20 h. To investigate the role of ATP, Apyrase (0.5 units/mL), an enzyme that hydrolyzes ATP, was added 30 min before ICF was applied. The extracellular ATP levels were measured immediately after ICF was removed. The mRNA expression of osteogenic related genes, including WNT was evaluated via quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction. In vitro mineralization was determined by Alizarin Red S staining. The localization of β-catenin was detected using immunofluorescence staining and lentiviral-TOP-dGFP reporter assay. The results demonstrated that ICF increased ATP efflux and in vitro mineralization by hMOBPs. In addition, OSX, ALP, and WNT3A mRNA expression and β-catenin nuclear translocation increased when ICF was applied. The upregulation of these genes was reduced by Apyrase, suggesting the role of ICF-induced ATP on osteoblast differentiation. Notably, ICF altered the mRNA expression of purinergic 2X receptors (P2XRs). A P2X1R antagonist (NF449) downregulated ICF-induced WNT3A, OSX, and ALP mRNA expression. Moreover, when 25 μM α, β-meATP, a P2X1R agonist, was added, WNT3A, and OSX expression increased. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that ICF-induced ATP enhanced hMOBP differentiation. This enhancement was associated with WNT/β-catenin signaling and P2X1R activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pimrumpai R Sindhavajiva
- Graduate Program in Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Mineralized Tissue Research Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Panunn Sastravaha
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Mansuang Arksornnukit
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Prasit Pavasant
- Mineralized Tissue Research Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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23
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Liu YL, Qin Y, Jin ZH, Hu XB, Chen MM, Liu R, Amatore C, Huang WH. A Stretchable Electrochemical Sensor for Inducing and Monitoring Cell Mechanotransduction in Real Time. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201705215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ling Liu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education); College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences; Wuhan University; Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Yu Qin
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education); College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences; Wuhan University; Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Zi-He Jin
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education); College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences; Wuhan University; Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Xue-Bo Hu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education); College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences; Wuhan University; Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Miao-Miao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education); College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences; Wuhan University; Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Rong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education); College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences; Wuhan University; Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Christian Amatore
- PASTEUR; Département de chimie; École normale supérieure; PSL Research University; Sorbonne Universités; UPMC Univ. Paris 06, CNRS; 24 rue Lhomond 75005 Paris France
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xiamen University; China
| | - Wei-Hua Huang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education); College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences; Wuhan University; Wuhan 430072 China
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24
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Liu YL, Qin Y, Jin ZH, Hu XB, Chen MM, Liu R, Amatore C, Huang WH. A Stretchable Electrochemical Sensor for Inducing and Monitoring Cell Mechanotransduction in Real Time. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201705215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ling Liu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education); College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences; Wuhan University; Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Yu Qin
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education); College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences; Wuhan University; Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Zi-He Jin
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education); College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences; Wuhan University; Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Xue-Bo Hu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education); College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences; Wuhan University; Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Miao-Miao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education); College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences; Wuhan University; Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Rong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education); College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences; Wuhan University; Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Christian Amatore
- PASTEUR; Département de chimie; École normale supérieure; PSL Research University; Sorbonne Universités; UPMC Univ. Paris 06, CNRS; 24 rue Lhomond 75005 Paris France
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xiamen University; China
| | - Wei-Hua Huang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education); College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences; Wuhan University; Wuhan 430072 China
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Cell culture: complications due to mechanical release of ATP and activation of purinoceptors. Cell Tissue Res 2017; 370:1-11. [PMID: 28434079 PMCID: PMC5610203 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-017-2618-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
There is abundant evidence that ATP (adenosine 5′-triphosphate) is released from a variety of cultured cells in response to mechanical stimulation. The release mechanism involved appears to be a combination of vesicular exocytosis and connexin and pannexin hemichannels. Purinergic receptors on cultured cells mediate both short-term purinergic signalling of secretion and long-term (trophic) signalling such as proliferation, migration, differentiation and apoptosis. We aim in this review to bring to the attention of non-purinergic researchers using tissue culture that the release of ATP in response to mechanical stress evoked by the unavoidable movement of the cells acting on functional purinergic receptors on the culture cells is likely to complicate the interpretation of their data.
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Ziller C, Lin J, Knittel P, Friedrich L, Andronescu C, Pöller S, Schuhmann W, Kranz C. Poly(benzoxazine) as an Immobilization Matrix for Miniaturized ATP and Glucose Biosensors. ChemElectroChem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201600765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Ziller
- Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry; Ulm University; Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Jing Lin
- Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry; Ulm University; Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Peter Knittel
- Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry; Ulm University; Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Laura Friedrich
- Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry; Ulm University; Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Corina Andronescu
- Department of Bioresources and Polymer Science University; Politehnica of Bucharest; 1-7 Polizu Street 011061 Bucharest Romania
- Analytical Chemistry - Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES); Ruhr University Bochum; Universitätsstr. 150 44780 Bochum Germany
| | - Sascha Pöller
- Analytical Chemistry - Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES); Ruhr University Bochum; Universitätsstr. 150 44780 Bochum Germany
| | - Wolfgang Schuhmann
- Analytical Chemistry - Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES); Ruhr University Bochum; Universitätsstr. 150 44780 Bochum Germany
| | - Christine Kranz
- Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry; Ulm University; Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
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27
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Jin ZH, Liu YL, Chen JJ, Cai SL, Xu JQ, Huang WH. Conductive Polymer-Coated Carbon Nanotubes To Construct Stretchable and Transparent Electrochemical Sensors. Anal Chem 2017; 89:2032-2038. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b04616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zi-He Jin
- Key Laboratory of Analytical
Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College
of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yan-Ling Liu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical
Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College
of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Jing-Jing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Analytical
Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College
of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Si-Liang Cai
- Key Laboratory of Analytical
Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College
of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Jia-Quan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical
Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College
of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Wei-Hua Huang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical
Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College
of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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Lee YN, Okumura K, Iwata T, Takahashi K, Hattori T, Ishida M, Sawada K. Development of an ATP and hydrogen ion image sensor using a patterned apyrase-immobilized membrane. Talanta 2016; 161:419-424. [PMID: 27769427 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.08.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A bio-image sensor using a patterned apyrase-immobilized membrane was developed to visualize the activities of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and H+ ion in real-time. An enzymatic membrane patterning technique was suggested to immobilize apyrase on a specific sensing area of a charge coupled device (CCD)-type image sensor. It was able to observe the spatiotemporal information of ATP and H+ ion. The smallest size of a patterned membrane is 250×250µm2. The fabrication parameters of the patterned membrane, such as its thickness and the intensity of the incident light used for photolithography, were optimized experimentally. The sensing area under the patterned apyrase-immobilized membrane revealed a linear response up to 0.6mM of ATP concentration with a sensitivity of 37.8mV/mM. Meanwhile, another sensing area without the patterned membrane measured the diffused H+ ion from nearby membranes. This diffusion characteristics were analyzed to determine a measurement time that can minimize the undesirable impact of the diffused ions. In addition, the newly developed bio-image sensor successfully reconstructed ATP and H+ ion dynamics into sequential 2-dimensional images.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Na Lee
- Electrical & Electronic Information Eng., Toyohashi University of Technology, Hibarigaoka 1-1, Tempaku-cho, Toyohashi 441-8580, Japan.
| | - Koichi Okumura
- Electrical & Electronic Information Eng., Toyohashi University of Technology, Hibarigaoka 1-1, Tempaku-cho, Toyohashi 441-8580, Japan; Electronics-Inspired Interdisciplinary Research Institute, Toyohashi University of Technology, Hibarigaoka 1-1, Tempaku-cho, Toyohashi 441-8580, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Iwata
- Electrical & Electronic Information Eng., Toyohashi University of Technology, Hibarigaoka 1-1, Tempaku-cho, Toyohashi 441-8580, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Takahashi
- Electrical & Electronic Information Eng., Toyohashi University of Technology, Hibarigaoka 1-1, Tempaku-cho, Toyohashi 441-8580, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Hattori
- Electrical & Electronic Information Eng., Toyohashi University of Technology, Hibarigaoka 1-1, Tempaku-cho, Toyohashi 441-8580, Japan
| | - Makoto Ishida
- Electrical & Electronic Information Eng., Toyohashi University of Technology, Hibarigaoka 1-1, Tempaku-cho, Toyohashi 441-8580, Japan; Electronics-Inspired Interdisciplinary Research Institute, Toyohashi University of Technology, Hibarigaoka 1-1, Tempaku-cho, Toyohashi 441-8580, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Sawada
- Electrical & Electronic Information Eng., Toyohashi University of Technology, Hibarigaoka 1-1, Tempaku-cho, Toyohashi 441-8580, Japan; Electronics-Inspired Interdisciplinary Research Institute, Toyohashi University of Technology, Hibarigaoka 1-1, Tempaku-cho, Toyohashi 441-8580, Japan
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29
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Orriss IR, Arnett TR, Russell RGG. Pyrophosphate: a key inhibitor of mineralisation. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2016; 28:57-68. [PMID: 27061894 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2016.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Inorganic pyrophosphate has long been known as a by-product of many intracellular biosynthetic reactions, and was first identified as a key endogenous inhibitor of biomineralisation in the 1960s. The major source of pyrophosphate appears to be extracellular ATP, which is released from cells in a controlled manner. Once released, ATP can be rapidly hydrolysed by ecto-nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterases to produce pyrophosphate. The main action of pyrophosphate is to directly inhibit hydroxyapatite formation thereby acting as a physiological 'water-softener'. Evidence suggests pyrophosphate may also act as a signalling molecule to influence gene expression and regulate its own production and breakdown. This review will summarise our current understanding of pyrophosphate metabolism and how it regulates bone mineralisation and prevents harmful soft tissue calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel R Orriss
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, UK.
| | - Timothy R Arnett
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - R Graham G Russell
- The Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Oxford, UK; The Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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Zhang Y, Clausmeyer J, Babakinejad B, Córdoba AL, Ali T, Shevchuk A, Takahashi Y, Novak P, Edwards C, Lab M, Gopal S, Chiappini C, Anand U, Magnani L, Coombes RC, Gorelik J, Matsue T, Schuhmann W, Klenerman D, Sviderskaya EV, Korchev Y. Spearhead Nanometric Field-Effect Transistor Sensors for Single-Cell Analysis. ACS NANO 2016; 10:3214-3221. [PMID: 26816294 PMCID: PMC4933202 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b05211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Nanometric field-effect-transistor (FET) sensors are made on the tip of spear-shaped dual carbon nanoelectrodes derived from carbon deposition inside double-barrel nanopipettes. The easy fabrication route allows deposition of semiconductors or conducting polymers to comprise the transistor channel. A channel from electrodeposited poly pyrrole (PPy) exhibits high sensitivity toward pH changes. This property is exploited by immobilizing hexokinase on PPy nano-FETs to give rise to a selective ATP biosensor. Extracellular pH and ATP gradients are key biochemical constituents in the microenvironment of living cells; we monitor their real-time changes in relation to cancer cells and cardiomyocytes. The highly localized detection is possible because of the high aspect ratio and the spear-like design of the nano-FET probes. The accurately positioned nano-FET sensors can detect concentration gradients in three-dimensional space, identify biochemical properties of a single living cell, and after cell membrane penetration perform intracellular measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Zhang
- Department of Medicine, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Jan Clausmeyer
- Analytical Chemistry—Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | | | | | - Tayyibah Ali
- Department of Medicine, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | | | - Yasufumi Takahashi
- Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Pavel Novak
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary, University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | | | - Max Lab
- Department of Cardiac Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Sahana Gopal
- Department of Medicine, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Ciro Chiappini
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Uma Anand
- Department of Medicine, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Luca Magnani
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - R. Charles Coombes
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Julia Gorelik
- Department of Cardiac Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Tomokazu Matsue
- Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Wolfgang Schuhmann
- Analytical Chemistry—Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany
- Corresponding Authors (Wolfgang Schuhmann)
| | - David Klenerman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
- (David Klenerman)
| | - Elena V. Sviderskaya
- Cell Biology and Genetics Research Centre, St. George's
University of London, London SW17 0RE, United Kingdom
- (Elena V. Sviderskaya)
| | - Yuri Korchev
- Department of Medicine, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
- (Yuri Korchev)
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31
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Liu YL, Jin ZH, Liu YH, Hu XB, Qin Y, Xu JQ, Fan CF, Huang WH. Stretchable Electrochemical Sensor for Real-Time Monitoring of Cells and Tissues. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:4537-41. [PMID: 26929123 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201601276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Stretchable electrochemical sensors are conceivably a powerful technique that provides important chemical information to unravel elastic and curvilinear living body. However, no breakthrough was made in stretchable electrochemical device for biological detection. Herein, we synthesized Au nanotubes (NTs) with large aspect ratio to construct an effective stretchable electrochemical sensor. Interlacing network of Au NTs endows the sensor with desirable stability against mechanical deformation, and Au nanostructure provides excellent electrochemical performance and biocompatibility. This allows for the first time, real-time electrochemical monitoring of mechanically sensitive cells on the sensor both in their stretching-free and stretching states as well as sensing of the inner lining of blood vessels. The results demonstrate the great potential of this sensor in electrochemical detection of living body, opening a new window for stretchable electrochemical sensor in biological exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ling Liu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Zi-He Jin
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yan-Hong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Xue-Bo Hu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yu Qin
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Jia-Quan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Cui-Fang Fan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Wei-Hua Huang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
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32
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Liu YL, Jin ZH, Liu YH, Hu XB, Qin Y, Xu JQ, Fan CF, Huang WH. Stretchable Electrochemical Sensor for Real-Time Monitoring of Cells and Tissues. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201601276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ling Liu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education); College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences; Wuhan University; Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Zi-He Jin
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education); College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences; Wuhan University; Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Yan-Hong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education); College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences; Wuhan University; Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Xue-Bo Hu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education); College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences; Wuhan University; Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Yu Qin
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education); College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences; Wuhan University; Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Jia-Quan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education); College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences; Wuhan University; Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Cui-Fang Fan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University; Wuhan 430060 China
| | - Wei-Hua Huang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education); College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences; Wuhan University; Wuhan 430072 China
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Noronha-Matos JB, Correia-de-Sá P. Mesenchymal Stem Cells Ageing: Targeting the "Purinome" to Promote Osteogenic Differentiation and Bone Repair. J Cell Physiol 2016; 231:1852-61. [PMID: 26754327 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells that can differentiate into bone forming cells. Such ability is compromised in elderly individuals resulting in bone disorders such as osteoporosis, also limiting their clinical usage for cell transplantation and bone tissue engineering strategies. In bone marrow niches, adenine and uracil nucleotides are important local regulators of osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. Nucleotides can be released to the extracellular milieu under both physiological and pathological conditions via (1) membrane cell damage, (2) vesicle exocytosis, (3) ATP-binding cassette transporters, and/or (4) facilitated diffusion through maxi-anion channels, hemichannels or ligand-gated receptor pores. Nucleotides and their derivatives act via adenosine P1 (A1 , A2A , A2B , and A3 ) and nucleotide-sensitive P2 purinoceptors comprising ionotropic P2X and G-protein-coupled P2Y receptors. Purinoceptors activation is terminated by membrane-bound ecto-nucleotidases and other ecto-phosphatases, which rapidly hydrolyse extracellular nucleotides to their respective nucleoside 5'-di- and mono-phosphates, nucleosides and free phosphates, or pyrophosphates. Current knowledge suggests that different players of the "purinome" cascade, namely nucleotide release sites, ecto-nucleotidases and purinoceptors, orchestrate to fine-tuning regulate the activity of MSCs in the bone microenvironment. Increasing studies, using osteoprogenitor cell lines, animal models and, more recently, non-modified MSCs from postmenopausal women, raised the possibility to target chief components of the purinergic signaling pathway to regenerate the ability of aged MSCs to differentiate into functional osteoblasts. This review summarizes the main findings of those studies, prompting for novel therapeutic strategies to control ageing disorders where bone destruction exceeds bone formation, like osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and fracture mal-union. J. Cell. Physiol. 231: 1852-1861, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- J B Noronha-Matos
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia-Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines (MedInUP), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar-Universidade do Porto (ICBAS-UP), Portugal
| | - P Correia-de-Sá
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia-Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines (MedInUP), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar-Universidade do Porto (ICBAS-UP), Portugal
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Holzinger A, Steinbach C, Kranz C. Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy (SECM): Fundamentals and Applications in Life Sciences. ELECTROCHEMICAL STRATEGIES IN DETECTION SCIENCE 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/9781782622529-00125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) has made significant contributions to the life sciences. Innovative developments focusing on high-resolution imaging, developing novel operation modes, and combining SECM with complementary optical or scanning probe techniques renders SECM an attractive analytical approach. This chapter gives an introduction to the essential instrumentation and operation principles of SECM for studying biologically-relevant systems. Particular emphasis is given to applications aimed at imaging the activity of biochemical constituents such as enzymes, antibodies, and DNA, which play a pivotal role in biomedical diagnostics. Furthermore, the unique advantages of SECM and combined techniques for studying live cells is highlighted by discussion of selected examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelika Holzinger
- Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, University of Ulm 89069 Ulm Germany
| | - Charlotte Steinbach
- Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, University of Ulm 89069 Ulm Germany
| | - Christine Kranz
- Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, University of Ulm 89069 Ulm Germany
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35
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Tassinary JA, Lunardelli A, Basso BS, Stülp S, Pozzobon A, Pedrazza L, Bartrons R, Ventura F, Rosa JL, Melo DA, Nunes FB, Donadio MV, Oliveira JR. Therapeutic ultrasound stimulates MC3T3-E1 cell proliferation through the activation of NF-κB1, p38α, and mTOR. Lasers Surg Med 2015; 47:765-72. [DOI: 10.1002/lsm.22414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- João A.F. Tassinary
- Univates; Lajeado; Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Biofísica Celular e Inflamação; Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS); Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
| | - Adroaldo Lunardelli
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Biofísica Celular e Inflamação; Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS); Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
| | - Bruno S. Basso
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Biofísica Celular e Inflamação; Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS); Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
| | | | | | - Leonardo Pedrazza
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Biofísica Celular e Inflamação; Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS); Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Denizar A.S. Melo
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Biofísica Celular e Inflamação; Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS); Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
| | - Fernanda B. Nunes
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Biofísica Celular e Inflamação; Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS); Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
| | - Márcio V.F. Donadio
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Biofísica Celular e Inflamação; Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS); Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
| | - Jarbas R. Oliveira
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Biofísica Celular e Inflamação; Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS); Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
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Abstract
Accumulating evidence now suggests that purinergic signalling exerts significant regulatory effects in the musculoskeletal system. In particular, it has emerged that extracellular nucleotides are key regulators of bone cell differentiation, survival and function. This review discusses our current understanding of the direct effects of purinergic signalling in bone, cartilage and muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel R Orriss
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, United Kingdom.
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37
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Govitvattana N, Osathanon T, Toemthong T, Pavasant P. IL-6 regulates stress-induced REX-1 expression via ATP-P2Y1 signalling in stem cells isolated from human exfoliated deciduous teeth. Arch Oral Biol 2014; 60:160-6. [PMID: 25455130 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2014.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between ATP and IL-6 in mechanical stress-induced REX-1 expression in SHEDs. METHODS Cells were stimulated with mechanical stress (0-2.5 gcm(-2)), IL-6 (0.1-5 ng/ml), or ATP (10-100 μM) for 2h in serum-free media. IL-6 and REX-1 expression was examined by qualitative and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. ATP release was measured using a bioluminescence assay. The molecular mechanisms of the signalling pathways were investigated using chemical inhibitors. RESULTS Mechanical stress induced IL-6 and REX-1 mRNA expression and ATP release. JAK inhibitor I inhibited the increase in REX-1 expression and ATP release but not IL-6 induction. Furthermore, suramin inhibited the upregulation of REX-1 mRNA expression but not ATP release. Exogenous IL-6 promoted both ATP release and REX-1 expression. The IL-6-induced REX-1 expression was attenuated by a P2Y1-specific receptor antagonist. Moreover, REX-1 expression was upregulated in a dose-dependent manner by the addition of ATP or a P2Y1 agonist. This inductive effect was abolished by the P2Y1-specific receptor antagonist. CONCLUSIONS ATP-P2Y1 signalling is involved in IL-6-regulated stress-induced REX-1 expression in SHEDs. These results imply the participation of mechanical stress, IL-6, and ATP in regulating the expression of REX-1, a pluripotent stem cell marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nattanan Govitvattana
- Research Unit of Mineralized Tissue, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Graduate Program in Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Thanaphum Osathanon
- Research Unit of Mineralized Tissue, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | | | - Prasit Pavasant
- Research Unit of Mineralized Tissue, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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38
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Yarman A, Schulz C, Sygmund C, Ludwig R, Gorton L, Wollenberger U, Scheller FW. Third Generation ATP Sensor with Enzymatic Analyte Recycling. ELECTROANAL 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201400231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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39
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Li Y, Li Y, Wang X, Su X. A label-free conjugated polymer-based fluorescence assay for the determination of adenosine triphosphate and alkaline phosphatase. NEW J CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4nj00935e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A sensor was developed based on the quenching effect of Cu2+ on PPESO3 and the hydrolysis of ATP by ALP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Li
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun, China
| | - Yan Li
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun, China
| | - Xinyan Wang
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun, China
| | - Xingguang Su
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun, China
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Burnstock G, Arnett TR, Orriss IR. Purinergic signalling in the musculoskeletal system. Purinergic Signal 2013; 9:541-72. [PMID: 23943493 PMCID: PMC3889393 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-013-9381-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
It is now widely recognised that extracellular nucleotides, signalling via purinergic receptors, participate in numerous biological processes in most tissues. It has become evident that extracellular nucleotides have significant regulatory effects in the musculoskeletal system. In early development, ATP released from motor nerves along with acetylcholine acts as a cotransmitter in neuromuscular transmission; in mature animals, ATP functions as a neuromodulator. Purinergic receptors expressed by skeletal muscle and satellite cells play important pathophysiological roles in their development or repair. In many cell types, expression of purinergic receptors is often dependent on differentiation. For example, sequential expression of P2X5, P2Y1 and P2X2 receptors occurs during muscle regeneration in the mdx model of muscular dystrophy. In bone and cartilage cells, the functional effects of purinergic signalling appear to be largely negative. ATP stimulates the formation and activation of osteoclasts, the bone-destroying cells. Another role appears to be as a potent local inhibitor of mineralisation. In osteoblasts, the bone-forming cells, ATP acts via P2 receptors to limit bone mineralisation by inhibiting alkaline phosphatase expression and activity. Extracellular ATP additionally exerts significant effects on mineralisation via its hydrolysis product, pyrophosphate. Evidence now suggests that purinergic signalling is potentially important in several bone and joint disorders including osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis and cancers. Strategies for future musculoskeletal therapies might involve modulation of purinergic receptor function or of the ecto-nucleotidases responsible for ATP breakdown or ATP transport inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey Burnstock
- Autonomic Neuroscience Centre, University College Medical School, Rowland Hill Street, London, NW3 2PF, UK,
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Tan TW, Pfau B, Jones D, Meyer T. Stimulation of primary osteoblasts with ATP induces transient vinculin clustering at sites of high intracellular traction force. J Mol Histol 2013; 45:81-9. [PMID: 23933795 PMCID: PMC4544565 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-013-9530-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP), released in response to mechanical and inflammatory stimuli, induces the dynamic and asynchronous protrusion and subsequent retraction of local membrane structures in osteoblasts. The molecular mechanisms involved in the ligand-stimulated herniation of the plasma membrane are largely unknown, which prompted us to investigate whether the focal-adhesion protein vinculin is engaged in the cytoskeletal alterations that underlie the ATP-induced membrane blebbing. Using time-lapse fluorescence microscopy of primary bovine osteoblast-like cells expressing green fluorescent protein-tagged vinculin, we found that stimulation of cells with 100 μM ATP resulted in the transient and rapid clustering of recombinant vinculin in the cell periphery, starting approximately 100 s after addition of the nucleotide. The ephemeral nature of the vinculin clusters was made evident by the brevity of their mean assembly and disassembly times (66.7 ± 13.3 s and 99.0 ± 6.6 s, respectively). Traction force vector maps demonstrated that the vinculin-rich clusters were localized predominantly at sites of high traction force. Intracellular calcium measurements showed that the ligand-induced increase in [Ca2+]i clearly preceded the clustering of vinculin, since [Ca2+]i levels returned to normal within 30 s of exposure to ATP, indicating that intracellular calcium transients trigger a cascade of signalling events that ultimately result in the incorporation of vinculin into membrane-associated focal aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toh Weng Tan
- Institute for Experimental Orthopaedics and Biomechanics, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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