1
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Investigation of the effect of metallization ratio and side shift on the interdigitated electrodes performance for biochemical sensing. J APPL ELECTROCHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10800-021-01549-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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2
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Kumari P, Adeloju SB. Fabrication of a novel DNA affinity biosensor based on hybridisation induced current by electrostatic repulsion of silicotungstic acid as a redox indicator. Talanta 2019; 194:127-133. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.09.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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3
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Butterworth A, Blues E, Williamson P, Cardona M, Gray L, Corrigan DK. SAM Composition and Electrode Roughness Affect Performance of a DNA Biosensor for Antibiotic Resistance. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2019; 9:bios9010022. [PMID: 30736460 PMCID: PMC6468421 DOI: 10.3390/bios9010022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is a growing concern in the treatment of infectious disease worldwide. Point-of-care (PoC) assays which rapidly identify antibiotic resistance in a sample will allow for immediate targeted therapy which improves patient outcomes and helps maintain the effectiveness of current antibiotic stockpiles. Electrochemical assays offer many benefits, but translation from a benchtop measurement system to low-cost portable electrodes can be challenging. Using electrochemical and physical techniques, this study examines how different electrode surfaces and bio-recognition elements, i.e. the self-assembled monolayer (SAM), affect the performance of a biosensor measuring the hybridisation of a probe for antibiotic resistance to a target gene sequence in solution. We evaluate several commercially available electrodes which could be suitable for PoC testing with different SAM layers and show that electrode selection also plays an important role in overall biosensor performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Butterworth
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wolfson Centre, 106 Rottenrow East, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XQ, UK.
| | - Elizabeth Blues
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wolfson Centre, 106 Rottenrow East, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XQ, UK.
| | - Paul Williamson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wolfson Centre, 106 Rottenrow East, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XQ, UK.
| | - Milovan Cardona
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wolfson Centre, 106 Rottenrow East, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XQ, UK.
| | - Louise Gray
- FlexMedical Solutions, Eliburn Industrial Park, Livingston, EH54 6GQ, Scotland, UK.
| | - Damion K Corrigan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wolfson Centre, 106 Rottenrow East, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XQ, UK.
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4
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Park CY, Park YH, Kim YS, Song HJ, Kim JD. Permanent magnet actuation for magnetic bead-based DNA extraction. Biomed Eng Online 2018; 17:143. [PMID: 30396351 PMCID: PMC6219032 DOI: 10.1186/s12938-018-0572-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, automatic molecular diagnostic devices to extract DNA have been extensively developed using magnetic beads. While various methods can be applied to the control of the beads, the efficiency of the control when incorporated in automatic devices has not been studied. This paper proposes a compact magnet actuation method for the control of magnetic beads for DNA extraction, and compares the efficiency to the already available magnetic bead-based DNA extraction device. A permanent magnet was preferred for its compactness, while an electro-magnet provides easy operation. After investigating various methods to actuate the magnet with perspective to the size, circuit complexity, and power requirement, we determined the solenoid actuation method to be most efficient. To further reduce the dimension of the overall actuation device, direct actuation of the permanent magnet to control the hold/release of the beads was employed in this paper. The proposed method was compared with the conventional solenoid actuator with a metal plunger. An experimental fluidics device was set up with a fluidic channel and a syringe pump. The bead holding performance against the fluid speed was tested while a fixed amount of beads was loaded into the center of the channel. The group velocity of the beads was analyzed via image processing to determine whether the magnet was sufficient to hold the beads. The required power and space was analyzed and compared qualitatively and quantitatively. RESULT The proposed direct actuation method was capable of holding the beads at faster fluidic speed than the conventional solenoid actuator. The required power was comparable contemplating the high initial power of the solenoid actuator, and required much smaller space since no plunger was needed. CONCLUSIONS The direct actuation of the permanent magnet using a solenoid coil showed enhanced performance in holding the beads via permanent magnet, with less complexity of the actuation circuit and space. The proposed method therefore can efficiently improve the overall performance of the bead-based DNA extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Young Park
- Department of Convergence Software, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea.,Bio-IT Research Center, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Young-Hyun Park
- Department of Convergence Software, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea.,Bio-IT Research Center, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Yu-Seop Kim
- Department of Convergence Software, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea.,Bio-IT Research Center, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Hye-Jeong Song
- Department of Convergence Software, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea.,Bio-IT Research Center, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Jong-Dae Kim
- Department of Convergence Software, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea. .,Bio-IT Research Center, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea.
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5
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Axt B, Hsieh YF, Nalayanda D, Wang TH. Impedance feedback control of microfluidic valves for reliable post processing combinatorial droplet injection. Biomed Microdevices 2018; 19:61. [PMID: 28681238 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-017-0203-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Droplet microfluidics has found use in many biological assay applications as a means of high-throughput sample processing. One of the challenges of the technology, however, is the ability to control and merge droplets on-demand as they flow through the microdevices. It is in the interest of developing lab-on-chip devices to be able to combinatorically program additive mixing steps for more complex multistep and multiplex assays. Existing technologies to merge droplets are either passive in nature or require highly predictable droplet movement for feedforward control, making them vulnerable to errors during high throughput operation. In this paper, we describe and demonstrate a microfluidic valve-based device for the purpose of combinatorial droplet injection at any stage in a multistep assay. Microfluidic valves are used to robustly control fluid flow, droplet generation, and droplet mixing in the device on-demand, while on-chip impedance measurements taken in real time are used as feedback to accurately time the droplet injections. The presented system is contrasted to attempts without feedback, and is shown to be 100% reliable over long durations. Additionally, content detection and discretionary injections are explored and successfully executed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brant Axt
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles Street, Clark Hall 118B, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Yi-Fan Hsieh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles Street, Shaffer Hall 200A, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Divya Nalayanda
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles Street, Clark Hall 118B, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Tza-Huei Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles Street, Clark Hall 118B, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA. .,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles Street, Shaffer Hall 200A, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA.
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6
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Kuo YC, Lee CK, Lin CT. Improving sensitivity of a miniaturized label-free electrochemical biosensor using zigzag electrodes. Biosens Bioelectron 2017; 103:130-137. [PMID: 29291592 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2017.11.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of death among chronic diseases worldwide. Therefore, it is important to be able to detect CVD biomarkers early so that patients can be diagnosed properly and begin treatment as soon as possible. To detect biomarkers more conveniently, point-of-care (PoC) biosensors, which are easy to use and are of low cost, are becoming even more necessary. This paper focuses on developing a label-free electrochemical biosensor with high sensitivity for PoC applications to detect CVD biomarkers such as S100 beta proteins and C-reactive proteins (CRP). To meet the requirements of a PoC application and to improve the measurement sensitivity for detection purposes, a three-electrode configuration was miniaturized and fitted onto a biochip. Computer simulation of an electrolyte current density was used to investigate several potential effective possibilities. It was found that an electrolyte current density at an edge tip structure near the working electrode (WE) and counter electrode (CE) was higher than at other locations. A zigzag structure was then designed at the edge near the WE and CE positions. With this design, we can obtain a higher total electrolyte current. This newly-designed biochip was then used to measure the electrochemical feature. It was found that the measurement efficiency was also improved using this newly designed biochip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ching Kuo
- Engineering Science & Ocean Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Kung Lee
- Engineering Science & Ocean Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Applied Mechanics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Electronics Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Chih-Ting Lin
- Graduate Institute of Electronics Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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7
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Finite element modelling of non-faradic electric impedance spectroscopy through flexible polymer microchip. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2017.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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8
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Liu J, Mahony JB, Selvaganapathy PR. Low-cost and versatile integration of microwire electrodes and optical waveguides into silicone elastomeric devices using modified xurographic methods. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2017; 3:17040. [PMID: 31057875 PMCID: PMC6445004 DOI: 10.1038/micronano.2017.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Microelectrodes are used in microfluidic devices for a variety of purposes such as heating, applying electric fields, and electrochemical sensing. However, they are still manufactured by expensive deposition techniques such as sputtering or evaporation and patterned using photolithography methods. More recently, alternate methods including nanoparticle sintering and use of liquid metal flowing through microchannels have been used to fabricate microelectrodes. These methods are limited in the material choices or require post processing to be integrated into microchannels. Here we developed a low-cost and versatile method to integrate high-quality metal microwires into polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) using xurography. The microwire integration process includes cutting slit pattern on PDMS substrate and subsequent writing metal microwires into the slit pattern using a specialized tip. Then the microwire-integrated PDMS was sealed/bonded using uncured PDMS prepolymer. This method enables integration of metal microwires of diameter as small as 15 μm into PDMS devices. Integration of multiple microwires with minimum spacing of 150 μm has also been demonstrated. The versatility of this method is demonstrated by the fabrication of metal microwire suspended in the middle of the microchannel, which is difficult to achieve using conventional electrode fabrication methods. This low-cost method avoids expensive clean room fabrication yet producing high-quality electrodes and can be used in a variety of microfluidic and MEMS applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juncong Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - James B Mahony
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Ponnambalam Ravi Selvaganapathy
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L7, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S4K1, Canada
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9
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Zhang L, Ding B, Chen Q, Feng Q, Lin L, Sun J. Point-of-care-testing of nucleic acids by microfluidics. Trends Analyt Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2017.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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10
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Wang HC, Nguyen NV, Lin RY, Jen CP. Characterizing Esophageal Cancerous Cells at Different Stages Using the Dielectrophoretic Impedance Measurement Method in a Microchip. SENSORS 2017; 17:s17051053. [PMID: 28481265 PMCID: PMC5469658 DOI: 10.3390/s17051053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Analysis of cancerous cells allows us to provide useful information for the early diagnosis of cancer and to monitor treatment progress. An approach based on electrical principles has recently become an attractive technique. This study presents a microdevice that utilizes a dielectrophoretic impedance measurement method for the identification of cancerous cells. The proposed biochip consists of circle-on-line microelectrodes that are patterned using a standard microfabrication processes. A sample of various cell concentrations was introduced in an open-top microchamber. The target cells were collectively concentrated between the microelectrodes using dielectrophoresis manipulation, and their electrical impedance properties were also measured. Different stages of human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma lines could be distinguished. This result is consistent with findings using hyperspectral imaging technology. Moreover, it was observed that the distinguishing characteristics change in response to the progression of cancer cell invasiveness by Raman spectroscopy. The device enables highly efficient cell collection and provides rapid, sensitive, and label-free electrical measurements of cancerous cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiang-Chen Wang
- Graduate Institute of Opto-Mechatronics, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi 621, Taiwan.
| | - Ngoc-Viet Nguyen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi 621, Taiwan.
| | - Rui-Yi Lin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi 621, Taiwan.
| | - Chun-Ping Jen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi 621, Taiwan.
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11
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Zhang X, Lowe SB, Gooding JJ. Brief review of monitoring methods for loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP). Biosens Bioelectron 2014; 61:491-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2014.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Revised: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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12
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Safavieh M, Ahmed MU, Ng A, Zourob M. High-throughput real-time electrochemical monitoring of LAMP for pathogenic bacteria detection. Biosens Bioelectron 2014; 58:101-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2014.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Revised: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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13
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Zhang F, Wu J, Wang R, Wang L, Ying Y. Portable pH-inspired electrochemical detection of DNA amplification. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:8416-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc03011g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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14
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Hartman MR, Ruiz RCH, Hamada S, Xu C, Yancey KG, Yu Y, Han W, Luo D. Point-of-care nucleic acid detection using nanotechnology. NANOSCALE 2013; 5:10141-54. [PMID: 24057263 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr04015a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Recent developments in nanotechnology have led to significant advancements in point-of-care (POC) nucleic acid detection. The ability to sense DNA and RNA in a portable format leads to important applications for a range of settings, from on-site detection in the field to bedside diagnostics, in both developing and developed countries. We review recent innovations in three key process components for nucleic acid detection: sample preparation, target amplification, and read-out modalities. We discuss how the advancements realized by nanotechnology are making POC nucleic acid detection increasingly applicable for decentralized and accessible testing, in particular for the developing world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark R Hartman
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA.
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15
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Tomčík P. Microelectrode arrays with overlapped diffusion layers as electroanalytical detectors: theory and basic applications. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2013; 13:13659-84. [PMID: 24152927 PMCID: PMC3859085 DOI: 10.3390/s131013659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Revised: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This contribution contains a survey of basic literature dealing with arrays of microelectrodes with overlapping diffusion layers as prospective tools in contemporary electrochemistry. Photolithographic thin layer technology allows the fabrication of sensors of micrometric dimensions separated with a very small gap. This fact allows the diffusion layers of single microelectrodes to overlap as members of the array. Various basic types of microelectrode arrays with interacting diffusion layers are described and their analytical abilities are accented. Theoretical approaches to diffusion layer overlapping and the consequences of close constitution effects such as collection efficiency and redox cycling are discussed. Examples of basis applications in electroanalytical chemistry such as amperometric detectors in HPLC and substitutional stripping voltammetry are also given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Tomčík
- Department of Chemistry & Physics, Faculty of Education, Catholic University in Ružomberok, Hrabovská cesta 1, SK-034 01, Ružomberok, Slovak Republic.
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