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Han J, Choi J, Jeong H, Park D, Cheong E, Sung J, Choi HJ. Impact of Impedance Levels on Recording Quality in Flexible Neural Probes. Sensors (Basel) 2024; 24:2300. [PMID: 38610511 PMCID: PMC11014004 DOI: 10.3390/s24072300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Flexible neural probes are attractive emerging technologies for brain recording because they can effectively record signals with minimal risk of brain damage. Reducing the electrode impedance of the probe before recording is a common practice of many researchers. However, studies investigating the impact of low impedance levels on high-quality recordings using flexible neural probes are lacking. In this study, we electrodeposited Pt onto a commercial flexible polyimide neural probe and investigated the relationship between the impedance level and the recording quality. The probe was inserted into the brains of anesthetized mice. The electrical signals of neurons in the brain, specifically the ventral posteromedial nucleus of the thalamus, were recorded at impedance levels of 50, 250, 500 and 1000 kΩ at 1 kHz. The study results demonstrated that as the impedance decreased, the quality of the signal recordings did not consistently improve. This suggests that extreme lowering of the impedance may not always be advantageous in the context of flexible neural probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juyeon Han
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; (J.H.)
| | - Jungsik Choi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; (J.H.)
- Nformare Inc., Seodamun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonyeong Jeong
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Daerl Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; (J.H.)
| | - Eunji Cheong
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaesuk Sung
- Nformare Inc., Seodamun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Heon-Jin Choi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; (J.H.)
- Nformare Inc., Seodamun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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2
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Ritz AJ, Stuehr OM, Comer DN, Lazenby RA. Controlling Gold Morphology Using Electrodeposition for the Preparation of Electrochemical Aptamer-Based Sensors. ACS Appl Bio Mater 2024; 7:1925-1935. [PMID: 38369768 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c01254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Nanostructuring of gold surfaces to enhance electroactive surface area has proven to significantly enhance the performance of electrochemical aptamer-based (E-AB) sensors, particularly for electrodes on the microscale. Unlike for sensors fabricated on polished gold surfaces, predicting the behavior of E-AB sensors on surfaces with varied gold morphologies becomes more intricate due to the effects of surface roughness and the shapes and sizes of surface features on supporting a self-assembled monolayer. In this study, we explored the impact of gold morphology characteristics on sensor performance, evaluating parameters such as signal change in response to the addition of the target analyte, aptamer probe packing density, and continuous sensing ability. Our findings reveal that surface area enhancement can either enhance or diminish sensor performance for gold nanostructured E-AB sensors, contingent upon the surface morphology. In particular, our results indicate that the aptamer packing density and target analyte signal change results are heavily dependent on gold nanostructure size and features. Sensing surfaces with larger nanoparticle diameters, which were prepared using electrodeposition at a constant potential, had a reduced aptamer packing density and exhibited diminished sensor performance. However, the equivalent packing density of polished electrodes did not yield the equivalent signal change. Other surfaces that were prepared using pulsed waveform electrodeposition achieved optimal signal change with a deposition time, tdep, of 120 s, and increased deposition time with enhanced electroactive surface area resulted in minimized signal changes and more rapid sensor degradation. By investigating sensing surfaces with varied morphologies, we have demonstrated that enhancing the electroactive surface does not always enhance the signal change of the sensor, and aptamer packing density alone does not dictate observed signal change trends. We anticipate that understanding how electrodeposition techniques enhance or diminish sensor performance will pave the way for further exploration of nanostructure-aptamer relationships, contributing to the future development of optimized, miniaturized electrochemical aptamer-based sensors for continuous, in vivo sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J Ritz
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Olivia M Stuehr
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Danté N Comer
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Robert A Lazenby
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
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Xu X, Zuo Y, Chen S, Hatami A, Gu H. Advancements in Brain Research: The In Vivo/In Vitro Electrochemical Detection of Neurochemicals. Biosensors (Basel) 2024; 14:125. [PMID: 38534232 DOI: 10.3390/bios14030125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Neurochemicals, crucial for nervous system function, influence vital bodily processes and their fluctuations are linked to neurodegenerative diseases and mental health conditions. Monitoring these compounds is pivotal, yet the intricate nature of the central nervous system poses challenges. Researchers have devised methods, notably electrochemical sensing with micro-nanoscale electrodes, offering high-resolution monitoring despite low concentrations and rapid changes. Implantable sensors enable precise detection in brain tissues with minimal damage, while microdialysis-coupled platforms allow in vivo sampling and subsequent in vitro analysis, addressing the selectivity issues seen in other methods. While lacking temporal resolution, techniques like HPLC and CE complement electrochemical sensing's selectivity, particularly for structurally similar neurochemicals. This review covers essential neurochemicals and explores miniaturized electrochemical sensors for brain analysis, emphasizing microdialysis integration. It discusses the pros and cons of these techniques, forecasting electrochemical sensing's future in neuroscience research. Overall, this comprehensive review outlines the evolution, strengths, and potential applications of electrochemical sensing in the study of neurochemicals, offering insights into future advancements in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxuan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
| | - Yimei Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
| | - Shu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
| | - Amir Hatami
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Prof. Sobouti Boulevard, P.O. Box 45195-1159, Zanjan 45137-66731, Iran
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hui Gu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
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Duncan JL, Wang JJ, Glusauskas G, Weagraff GR, Gao Y, Hoeferlin GF, Hunter AH, Hess-Dunning A, Ereifej ES, Capadona JR. In Vivo Characterization of Intracortical Probes with Focused Ion Beam-Etched Nanopatterned Topographies. Micromachines (Basel) 2024; 15:286. [PMID: 38399014 PMCID: PMC10893395 DOI: 10.3390/mi15020286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
(1) Background: Intracortical microelectrodes (IMEs) are an important part of interfacing with the central nervous system (CNS) and recording neural signals. However, recording electrodes have shown a characteristic steady decline in recording performance owing to chronic neuroinflammation. The topography of implanted devices has been explored to mimic the nanoscale three-dimensional architecture of the extracellular matrix. Our previous work used histology to study the implant sites of non-recording probes and showed that a nanoscale topography at the probe surface mitigated the neuroinflammatory response compared to probes with smooth surfaces. Here, we hypothesized that the improvement in the neuroinflammatory response for probes with nanoscale surface topography would extend to improved recording performance. (2) Methods: A novel design modification was implemented on planar silicon-based neural probes by etching nanopatterned grooves (with a 500 nm pitch) into the probe shank. To assess the hypothesis, two groups of rats were implanted with either nanopatterned (n = 6) or smooth control (n = 6) probes, and their recording performance was evaluated over 4 weeks. Postmortem gene expression analysis was performed to compare the neuroinflammatory response from the two groups. (3) Results: Nanopatterned probes demonstrated an increased impedance and noise floor compared to controls. However, the recording performances of the nanopatterned and smooth probes were similar, with active electrode yields for control probes and nanopatterned probes being approximately 50% and 45%, respectively, by 4 weeks post-implantation. Gene expression analysis showed one gene, Sirt1, differentially expressed out of 152 in the panel. (4) Conclusions: this study provides a foundation for investigating novel nanoscale topographies on neural probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan L. Duncan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Advanced Platform Technology Center, Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 10701 East Blvd, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Jaime J. Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Advanced Platform Technology Center, Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 10701 East Blvd, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Gabriele Glusauskas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Advanced Platform Technology Center, Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 10701 East Blvd, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Gwendolyn R. Weagraff
- Advanced Platform Technology Center, Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 10701 East Blvd, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Yue Gao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - George F. Hoeferlin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Advanced Platform Technology Center, Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 10701 East Blvd, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Allen H. Hunter
- Michigan Center for Materials Characterization, University of Michigan, 500 S. State St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Allison Hess-Dunning
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Advanced Platform Technology Center, Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 10701 East Blvd, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Evon S. Ereifej
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 500 S. State St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Veterans Affairs Hospital, 2215 Fuller Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Jeffrey R. Capadona
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Advanced Platform Technology Center, Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 10701 East Blvd, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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5
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Huang H, Yang W. MXene-Based Micro-Supercapacitors: Ink Rheology, Microelectrode Design and Integrated System. ACS Nano 2024. [PMID: 38307615 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c10246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
MXenes have shown great potential for micro-supercapacitors (MSCs) due to the high metallic conductivity, tunable interlayer spacing and intercalation pseudocapacitance. In particular, the negative surface charge and high hydrophilicity of MXenes make them suitable for various solution processing strategies. Nevertheless, a comprehensive review of solution processing of MXene MSCs has not been conducted. In this review, we present a comprehensive summary of the state-of-the-art of MXene MSCs in terms of ink rheology, microelectrode design and integrated system. The ink formulation and rheological behavior of MXenes for different solution processing strategies, which are essential for high quality printed/coated films, are presented. The effects of MXene and its compounds, 3D electrode structure, and asymmetric design on the electrochemical properties of MXene MSCs are discussed in detail. Equally important, we summarize the integrated system and intelligent applications of MXene MSCs and present the current challenges and prospects for the development of high-performance MXene MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haichao Huang
- Research Institute of Frontier Science, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Weiqing Yang
- Research Institute of Frontier Science, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
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Madden LR, Graham RD, Lempka SF, Bruns TM. Multiformity of extracellular microelectrode recordings from Aδ neurons in the dorsal root ganglia: a computational modeling study. J Neurophysiol 2024; 131:261-277. [PMID: 38169334 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00385.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Microelectrodes serve as a fundamental tool in electrophysiology research throughout the nervous system, providing a means of exploring neural function with a high resolution of neural firing information. We constructed a hybrid computational model using the finite element method and multicompartment cable models to explore factors that contribute to extracellular voltage waveforms that are produced by sensory pseudounipolar neurons, specifically smaller A-type neurons, and that are recorded by microelectrodes in dorsal root ganglia. The finite element method model included a dorsal root ganglion, surrounding tissues, and a planar microelectrode array. We built a multicompartment neuron model with multiple trajectories of the glomerular initial segment found in many A-type sensory neurons. Our model replicated both the somatic intracellular voltage profile of Aδ low-threshold mechanoreceptor neurons and the unique extracellular voltage waveform shapes that are observed in experimental settings. Results from this model indicated that tortuous glomerular initial segment geometries can introduce distinct multiphasic properties into a neuron's recorded waveform. Our model also demonstrated how recording location relative to specific microanatomical components of these neurons, and recording distance from these components, can contribute to additional changes in the multiphasic characteristics and peak-to-peak voltage amplitude of the waveform. This knowledge may provide context for research employing microelectrode recordings of pseudounipolar neurons in sensory ganglia, including functional mapping and closed-loop neuromodulation. Furthermore, our simulations gave insight into the neurophysiology of pseudounipolar neurons by demonstrating how the glomerular initial segment aids in increasing the resistance of the stem axon and mitigating rebounding somatic action potentials.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We built a computational model of sensory neurons in the dorsal root ganglia to investigate factors that influence the extracellular waveforms recorded by microelectrodes. Our model demonstrates how the unique structure of these neurons can lead to diverse and often multiphasic waveform profiles depending on the location of the recording contact relative to microanatomical neural components. Our model also provides insight into the neurophysiological function of axon glomeruli that are often present in these neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren R Madden
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Robert D Graham
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Scott F Lempka
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Tim M Bruns
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
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Tsui CT, Mirkiani S, Roszko DA, Churchward MA, Mushahwar VK, Todd KG. In vitro biocompatibility evaluation of functional electrically stimulating microelectrodes on primary glia. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1351087. [PMID: 38314352 PMCID: PMC10834782 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1351087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Neural interfacing devices interact with the central nervous system to alleviate functional deficits arising from disease or injury. This often entails the use of invasive microelectrode implants that elicit inflammatory responses from glial cells and leads to loss of device function. Previous work focused on improving implant biocompatibility by modifying electrode composition; here, we investigated the direct effects of electrical stimulation on glial cells at the electrode interface. A high-throughput in vitro system that assesses primary glial cell response to biphasic stimulation waveforms at 0 mA, 0.15 mA, and 1.5 mA was developed and optimized. Primary mixed glial cell cultures were generated from heterozygous CX3CR-1+/EGFP mice, electrically stimulated for 4 h/day over 3 days using 75 μm platinum-iridium microelectrodes, and biomarker immunofluorescence was measured. Electrodes were then imaged on a scanning electron microscope to assess sustained electrode damage. Fluorescence and electron microscopy analyses suggest varying degrees of localized responses for each biomarker assayed (Hoescht, EGFP, GFAP, and IL-1β), a result that expands on comparable in vivo models. This system allows for the comparison of a breadth of electrical stimulation parameters, and opens another avenue through which neural interfacing device developers can improve biocompatibility and longevity of electrodes in tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher T. Tsui
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Neurochemical Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute (NMHI), University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Sensory Motor Adaptive Rehabilitation Technology (SMART) Network, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Soroush Mirkiani
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute (NMHI), University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Sensory Motor Adaptive Rehabilitation Technology (SMART) Network, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - David A. Roszko
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute (NMHI), University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Sensory Motor Adaptive Rehabilitation Technology (SMART) Network, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Matthew A. Churchward
- Neurochemical Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute (NMHI), University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Sensory Motor Adaptive Rehabilitation Technology (SMART) Network, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Concordia University of Edmonton, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Vivian K. Mushahwar
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute (NMHI), University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Sensory Motor Adaptive Rehabilitation Technology (SMART) Network, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Kathryn G. Todd
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Neurochemical Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute (NMHI), University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Sensory Motor Adaptive Rehabilitation Technology (SMART) Network, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Wen X, Huang J, Zeng G, Liu D, Chen S. Microbial activity along the depth of biofilm in the simultaneous partial nitrification, anammox and denitrification (SNAD) system. Environ Technol 2024; 45:771-778. [PMID: 36151756 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2022.2128889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Simultaneous partial nitrification, anammox and denitrification (SNAD) is a sustainable and cost-effective technology for nitrogen removal from low-strength wastewater. However, knowledge of the biofilm microenvironment of the SNAD system is currently unsatisfactory. The purpose of this study was to evaluate organic carbon effects on the microenvironment and microbial growth in the SNAD biofilm system. Microelectrodes were used to investigate microbial activity in-depth within biofilms. ORP distribution of the SNAD system was positively related to anammox activity(R2 = 0.9), and had some influence on microbial community structure. The synergistic effect of anammox bacteria and denitrifiers could be achieved when the abundance ratio of anammox bacteria to denitrifying bacteria is greater than 1.2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wen
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- Provincial and Ministerial Co-Constructive of Collaborative Innovation Center for MSW Comprehensive Utilization, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiansheng Huang
- Provincial and Ministerial Co-Constructive of Collaborative Innovation Center for MSW Comprehensive Utilization, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoming Zeng
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Deshao Liu
- Provincial and Ministerial Co-Constructive of Collaborative Innovation Center for MSW Comprehensive Utilization, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuangkou Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
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Erofeev A, Antifeev I, Vinokurov E, Bezprozvanny I, Vlasova O. An Open-Source Wireless Electrophysiology System for In Vivo Neuronal Activity Recording in the Rodent Brain: 2.0. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:9735. [PMID: 38139581 PMCID: PMC10747880 DOI: 10.3390/s23249735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Current trends in neurobiological research focus on analyzing complex interactions within brain structures. To conduct relevant experiments, it is often essential to employ animals with unhampered mobility and utilize electrophysiological equipment capable of wirelessly transmitting data. In prior research, we introduced an open-source wireless electrophysiology system to surmount these challenges. Nonetheless, this prototype exhibited several limitations, such as a hefty weight for the wireless module, redundant system components, a diminished sampling rate, and limited battery longevity. In this study, we unveil an enhanced version of the open-source wireless electrophysiology system, tailored for in vivo monitoring of neural activity in rodent brains. This new system has been successfully tested in real-time recordings of in vivo neural activity. Consequently, our development offers researchers a cost-effective and proficient tool for studying complex brain functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Erofeev
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurodegeneration, Graduate School of Biomedical Systems and Technologies, Institute of Biomedical Systems and Biotechnology, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195251 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (I.A.); (E.V.); (I.B.)
| | - Ivan Antifeev
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurodegeneration, Graduate School of Biomedical Systems and Technologies, Institute of Biomedical Systems and Biotechnology, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195251 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (I.A.); (E.V.); (I.B.)
- Laboratory of Methods and Instruments for Genetic and Immunoassay Analysis, Institute for Analytical Instrumentation Russian Academy of Sciences, 198095 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Egor Vinokurov
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurodegeneration, Graduate School of Biomedical Systems and Technologies, Institute of Biomedical Systems and Biotechnology, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195251 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (I.A.); (E.V.); (I.B.)
| | - Ilya Bezprozvanny
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurodegeneration, Graduate School of Biomedical Systems and Technologies, Institute of Biomedical Systems and Biotechnology, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195251 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (I.A.); (E.V.); (I.B.)
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Olga Vlasova
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurodegeneration, Graduate School of Biomedical Systems and Technologies, Institute of Biomedical Systems and Biotechnology, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195251 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (I.A.); (E.V.); (I.B.)
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10
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Permezel F, Alty J, Harding IH, Thyagarajan D. Brain Networks Involved in Sensory Perception in Parkinson's Disease: A Scoping Review. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1552. [PMID: 38002513 PMCID: PMC10669548 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13111552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's Disease (PD) has historically been considered a disorder of motor dysfunction. However, a growing number of studies have demonstrated sensory abnormalities in PD across the modalities of proprioceptive, tactile, visual, auditory and temporal perception. A better understanding of these may inform future drug and neuromodulation therapy. We analysed these studies using a scoping review. In total, 101 studies comprising 2853 human participants (88 studies) and 125 animals (13 studies), published between 1982 and 2022, were included. These highlighted the importance of the basal ganglia in sensory perception across all modalities, with an additional role for the integration of multiple simultaneous sensation types. Numerous studies concluded that sensory abnormalities in PD result from increased noise in the basal ganglia and increased neuronal receptive field size. There is evidence that sensory changes in PD and impaired sensorimotor integration may contribute to motor abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Permezel
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne 3004, Australia; (F.P.); (I.H.H.)
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55901, USA
| | - Jane Alty
- Wicking Dementia Research and Education Centre, University of Tasmania, Hobart 7001, Australia;
| | - Ian H. Harding
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne 3004, Australia; (F.P.); (I.H.H.)
| | - Dominic Thyagarajan
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne 3004, Australia; (F.P.); (I.H.H.)
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11
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Itoh T, Ishida Y, Kimura M, Tomita H. Use of a QDOT MICRO catheter to identify a premature ventricular contraction origin in the right ventricular anterior papillary muscle in a repaired truncus arteriosus. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 2023; 46:1337-1340. [PMID: 37310085 DOI: 10.1111/pace.14750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The ventricular papillary muscles (VPMs) can be a source of premature ventricular contractions (PVCs). Catheter ablation of VPM PVCs is challenging because of the anatomical complexity, such as the apical structures in proximity to the ventricular walls. The QDOT MICRO catheter (Biosense Webster, Diamond Bar, CA, USA) has microelectrodes embedded along the circumference of its distal tip and can provide information on which side of its tip myocardial activation is earlier. This repaired truncus arteriosus case demonstrates the usefulness of the microelectrode recording in identifying a PVC origin in a right VPM apex close to the right ventricular anterior wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taihei Itoh
- Department of Advanced Management of Cardiac Arrhythmia, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Yuji Ishida
- Department of Cardiac Remote Management System, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Masaomi Kimura
- Department of Advanced Management of Cardiac Arrhythmia, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Tomita
- Department of Advanced Management of Cardiac Arrhythmia, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
- Department of Cardiology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
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12
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Okada M, Miyazaki N, Tanaka K, Ikada Y, Tanaka N. Potential feasibility of a novel over-the-wire microelectrode catheter for recording coronary sinus electrograms in patients with cardiac resynchronization therapy devices. J Arrhythm 2023; 39:645-647. [PMID: 37560269 PMCID: PMC10407166 DOI: 10.1002/joa3.12876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The placement of an electrode catheter into the coronary sinus (CS) is important for differentiating multiple atrial tachycardias (ATs). Based on its high selective performance in placement into small veins, inserting a novel over-the-wire 2.7Fr microcatheter (EPstar Fix AIV; Japan Lifeline) into the CS may be feasible even in patients implanted with a cardiac resynchronization therapy device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Okada
- Cardiovascular CenterSakurabashi Watanabe HospitalOsakaJapan
| | - Naoko Miyazaki
- Cardiovascular CenterSakurabashi Watanabe HospitalOsakaJapan
| | - Koji Tanaka
- Cardiovascular CenterSakurabashi Watanabe HospitalOsakaJapan
| | - Yusuke Ikada
- Cardiovascular CenterSakurabashi Watanabe HospitalOsakaJapan
| | - Nobuaki Tanaka
- Cardiovascular CenterSakurabashi Watanabe HospitalOsakaJapan
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13
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Serrano JA, Pérez P, Daza P, Huertas G, Yúfera A. Predictive Cell Culture Time Evolution Based on Electric Models. Biosensors (Basel) 2023; 13:668. [PMID: 37367033 DOI: 10.3390/bios13060668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Obtaining cell concentration measurements from a culture assay by using bioimpedance is a very useful method that can be used to translate impedances to cell concentration values. The purpose of this study was to find a method to obtain the cell concentration values of a given cell culture assay in real time by using an oscillator as the measurement circuit. From a basic cell-electrode model, enhanced models of a cell culture immersed in a saline solution (culture medium) were derived. These models were used as part of a fitting routine to estimate the cell concentration in a cell culture in real time by using the oscillation frequency and amplitude delivered by the measurement circuits proposed by previous authors. Using real experimental data (the frequency and amplitude of oscillations) that were obtained by connecting the cell culture to an oscillator as the load, the fitting routine was simulated, and real-time data of the cell concentration were obtained. These results were compared to concentration data that were obtained by using traditional optical methods for counting. In addition, the error that we obtained was divided and analyzed in two parts: the first part of the experiment (when the few cells were adapting to the culture medium) and the second part of the experiment (when the cells exponentially grew until they completely covered the well). Low error values were obtained during the growth phase of the cell culture (the relevant phase); therefore, the results obtained were considered promising and show that the fitting routine is valid and that the cell concentration can be measured in real time by using an oscillator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Alfonso Serrano
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Sevilla (IMSE-CSIC), Av. Americo Vespuccio 24, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Pablo Pérez
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Sevilla (IMSE-CSIC), Av. Americo Vespuccio 24, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
- Departamento de Tecnología Electrónica, ETSII, Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Reina Mercedes sn, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Paula Daza
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Reina Mercedes sn, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Gloria Huertas
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Sevilla (IMSE-CSIC), Av. Americo Vespuccio 24, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
- Departamento de Electrónica y Electromagnetismo, Facultad de Física, Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Reina Mercedes sn, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Alberto Yúfera
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Sevilla (IMSE-CSIC), Av. Americo Vespuccio 24, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
- Departamento de Tecnología Electrónica, ETSII, Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Reina Mercedes sn, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
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14
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Hexter M, van Batenburg-Sherwood J, Hashemi P. Novel Experimental and Analysis Strategies for Fast Voltammetry: 2. A Troubleshoot-Free Flow Cell for FSCV Calibrations. ACS Meas Sci Au 2023; 3:120-126. [PMID: 37090258 PMCID: PMC10120031 DOI: 10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.2c00059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Fast scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) at carbon fiber microelectrodes (CFMs) is a method traditionally used for real-time quantification of neurotransmitters in biological systems. Reliable calibration of CFMs is essential for converting FSCV signals to analyte concentrations and generally employs flow injection analysis (FIA) performed with flow cells fabricated in-house. Such FSCV FIA cells often require significant and ongoing troubleshooting with pulsing, leaking, flow inconsistencies and dead volume being major causes of common challenges. In this work, we address these issues by creating a robust, plug-and-play FSCV flow cell. This novel design permits reproducible, high-precision, and stable flow injection profiles using low-cost materials to improve FSCV calibration. The ready-to-print computer-aided designs and hardware list are provided.
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15
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Urdaneta ME, Kunigk NG, Peñaloza-Aponte JD, Currlin S, Malone IG, Fried SI, Otto KJ. Layer-dependent stability of intracortical recordings and neuronal cell loss. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1096097. [PMID: 37090803 PMCID: PMC10113640 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1096097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracortical recordings can be used to voluntarily control external devices via brain-machine interfaces (BMI). Multiple factors, including the foreign body response (FBR), limit the stability of these neural signals over time. Current clinically approved devices consist of multi-electrode arrays with a single electrode site at the tip of each shank, confining the recording interface to a single layer of the cortex. Advancements in manufacturing technology have led to the development of high-density electrodes that can record from multiple layers. However, the long-term stability of neural recordings and the extent of neuronal cell loss around the electrode across different cortical depths have yet to be explored. To answer these questions, we recorded neural signals from rats chronically implanted with a silicon-substrate microelectrode array spanning the layers of the cortex. Our results show the long-term stability of intracortical recordings varies across cortical depth, with electrode sites around L4-L5 having the highest stability. Using machine learning guided segmentation, our novel histological technique, DeepHisto, revealed that the extent of neuronal cell loss varies across cortical layers, with L2/3 and L4 electrodes having the largest area of neuronal cell loss. These findings suggest that interfacing depth plays a major role in the FBR and long-term performance of intracortical neuroprostheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan E. Urdaneta
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Nicolas G. Kunigk
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Jesus D. Peñaloza-Aponte
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Seth Currlin
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Ian G. Malone
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Shelley I. Fried
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Boston Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Kevin J. Otto
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Department of Neurology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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16
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Bettenfeld R, Claudel J, Kourtiche D, Nadi M, Schlauder C. Design and Modeling of a Device Combining Single-Cell Exposure to a Uniform Electrical Field and Simultaneous Characterization via Bioimpedance Spectroscopy. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:3460. [PMID: 37050519 PMCID: PMC10098563 DOI: 10.3390/s23073460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated the electropermeabilization of cell membranes exposed to an electric field with moderate intensity (<2 V/cm) and a frequency of <100 MHz. Bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS) is an electrical characterization technique that can be useful in studying this phenomenon because it is already used for electroporation. In this paper, we report a device designed to perform BIS on single cells and expose them to an electric field simultaneously. It also allows cells to be monitored by visualization through a transparent exposure electrode. This device is based on a lab-on-a-chip (LOC) with a microfluidic cell-trapping system and microelectrodes for BIS characterization. We present numerical simulations that support the design of the LOC. We also describe the fabrication of the LOC and the first electrical characterization of its measurement bandwidth. This first test, performed on reference medium with a conductivity in the same order than human cells, confirms that the measurement capabilities of our device are suitable for electrical cells characterization.
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17
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de Freitas Araújo KC, de Araújo Costa ECT, de Araújo DM, Santos EV, Martínez-Huitle CA, Castro PS. Probing the Use of Homemade Carbon Fiber Microsensor for Quantifying Caffeine in Soft Beverages. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:1928. [PMID: 36903043 PMCID: PMC10004175 DOI: 10.3390/ma16051928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In the development of electrochemical sensors, carbon micro-structured or micro-materials have been widely used as supports/modifiers to improve the performance of bare electrodes. In the case of carbon fibers (CFs), these carbonaceous materials have received extensive attention and their use has been proposed in a variety of fields. However, to the best of our knowledge, no attempts for electroanalytical determination of caffeine with CF microelectrode (µE) have been reported in the literature. Therefore, a homemade CF-µE was fabricated, characterized, and used to determine caffeine in soft beverage samples. From the electrochemical characterization of the CF-µE in K3Fe(CN)6 10 mmol L-1 plus KCl 100 mmol L-1, a radius of about 6 µm was estimated, registering a sigmoidal voltammetric profile that distinguishes a µE indicating that the mass-transport conditions were improved. Voltammetric analysis of the electrochemical response of caffeine at the CF-µE clearly showed that no effects were attained due to the mass transport in solution. Differential pulse voltammetric analysis using the CF-µE was able to determine the detection sensitivity, concentration range (0.3 to 4.5 µmol L-1), limit of detection (0.13 μmol L-1) and linear relationship (I (µA) = (11.6 ± 0.09) × 10-3 [caffeine, μmol L-1] - (0.37 ± 0.24) × 10-3), aiming at the quantification applicability in concentration quality-control for the beverages industry. When the homemade CF-µE was used to quantify the caffeine concentration in the soft beverage samples, the values obtained were satisfactory in comparison with the concentrations reported in the literature. Additionally, the concentrations were analytically determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). These results show that these electrodes may be an alternative to the development of new and portable reliable analytical tools at low cost with high efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Caroline de Freitas Araújo
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Campus Universitário, Av. Salgado Filho 3000, Lagoa Nova, Natal CEP59078-970, RN, Brazil
| | - Emily Cintia Tossi de Araújo Costa
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Campus Universitário, Av. Salgado Filho 3000, Lagoa Nova, Natal CEP59078-970, RN, Brazil
| | - Danyelle Medeiros de Araújo
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Campus Universitário, Av. Salgado Filho 3000, Lagoa Nova, Natal CEP59078-970, RN, Brazil
- National Institute for Alternative Technologies of Detection, Toxicological Evaluation and Removal of Micropollutants and Radioactives (INCT-DATREM), Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara CEP14800-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Elisama V. Santos
- National Institute for Alternative Technologies of Detection, Toxicological Evaluation and Removal of Micropollutants and Radioactives (INCT-DATREM), Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara CEP14800-900, SP, Brazil
- School of Science and Technology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Campus Universitário, Av. Salgado Filho 3000, Lagoa Nova, Natal CEP59078-970, RN, Brazil
| | - Carlos A. Martínez-Huitle
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Campus Universitário, Av. Salgado Filho 3000, Lagoa Nova, Natal CEP59078-970, RN, Brazil
- National Institute for Alternative Technologies of Detection, Toxicological Evaluation and Removal of Micropollutants and Radioactives (INCT-DATREM), Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara CEP14800-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Pollyana Souza Castro
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Campus Universitário, Av. Salgado Filho 3000, Lagoa Nova, Natal CEP59078-970, RN, Brazil
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UÇAR A, ALI HAJOOL Z, GHORBANPOOR H, DİDARİAN R, DOĞAN GÜZEL F. Effect of microfluidic channel integration onto gold microelectrode on its redox electrochemistry. Turk J Chem 2022; 47:232-241. [PMID: 37720855 PMCID: PMC10504004 DOI: 10.55730/1300-0527.3532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Microfluidic systems have attracted significant interest in recent years as they are extensively employed in lab-on-chip and organ-on-chip research. Their combination with electrochemical platforms offers many advantages, promising a high potential for sensing applications, still the microfluidic-channel integration onto electrodes might induce challenges related to changes in signal-to-noise ratios and mass transport conditions. In this study, we investigated the effect of microfluidic channel integration in redox behavior of thermally deposited gold thin film microelectrodes by voltammetric (CV and SWV) electrochemical measurements. Using different dimensions of PDMS microfluidic channels (i.e. widths of 50, 100, 250, and 500 μm) and a constant electrode dimension (200 μm), we analyzed the relationship between altered electroactive area and electrochemical response against target redox molecules. The increases in electroactive area which were determined by the microfluidic channel sizes were in well-correlation with the obtained CV and SWV redox currents as expected. There was no significant decrease in signal-to-noise ratio in microchannel-integrated electrodes. AFM and SEM characterization demonstrated that thermally deposited thin film electrodes had significantly lower (approximately 25 fold) surface roughness in comparison to commercial screen-printed electrodes. Additionally, we have observed a clear microelectrode-to-macroelectrode transition, from hemispherical to linear (planar) diffusion in other terms, with the increasing channel size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet UÇAR
- Department of Energy Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Ankara,
Turkey
| | - Zahraa ALI HAJOOL
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Ankara,
Turkey
| | - Hamed GHORBANPOOR
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir,
Turkey
| | - Reza DİDARİAN
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Ankara,
Turkey
| | - Fatma DOĞAN GÜZEL
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Ankara,
Turkey
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Ankara,
Turkey
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19
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Pignol G, Bassil P, Fontmorin JM, Floner D, Geneste F, Hapiot P. Electrochemical Properties of Carbon Fibers from Felts. Molecules 2022; 27:6584. [PMID: 36235121 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrochemical behaviors of individual carbon fibers coming from carbon felts were investigated using two different redox couples, 1,1'-dimethanolferrocene and potassium ferrocyanide. Electrochemical responses were examined after different oxidation treatments, then simulated and interpreted using the Kissa 1D software and existing models. Our experiments indicate that a crude carbon fiber behaves as an assembly of sites with different electrochemical reactivities. In such case, the Butler-Volmer law is not appropriate to describe the electron transfer kinetics because of the large created overpotential. Oxidation of the fiber erases the effect by increasing the kinetics of the electron transfer probably by a homogenization and increase of the reactivity on all the fiber. Additionally, analysis of the signal shows the large influence of the convection that affects the electrochemical response even at moderate scan rates (typically below 0.1-0.2 V s-1).
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Amlong C, Rusy D, Sanders RD, Lake W, Raz A. Dexmedetomidine depresses neuronal activity in the subthalamic nucleus during deep brain stimulation electrode implantation surgery. BJA Open 2022; 3:100088. [PMID: 37588575 PMCID: PMC10430856 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjao.2022.100088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Background Micro-electrode recordings are often necessary during electrode implantation for deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus. Dexmedetomidine may be a useful sedative for these procedures, but there is limited information regarding its effect on neural activity in the subthalamic nucleus and on micro-electrode recording quality. Methods We recorded neural activity in five patients undergoing deep brain stimulation implantation to the subthalamic nucleus. Activity was recorded after subthalamic nucleus identification while patients received dexmedetomidine sedation (loading - 1 μg kg-1 over 10-15 min, maintenance - 0.7 μg kg-1 h-1). We compared the root-mean square (RMS) and beta band (13-30 Hz) oscillation power of multi-unit activity recorded by microelectrode before, during and after recovery from dexmedetomidine sedation. RMS was normalised to values recorded in the white matter. Results Multi-unit activity decreased during sedation in all five patients. Mean normalised RMS decreased from 2.8 (1.5) to 1.6 (1.1) during sedation (43% drop, p = 0.056). Beta band power dropped by 48.4%, but this was not significant (p = 0.15). Normalised RMS values failed to return to baseline levels during the time allocated for the study (30 min). Conclusions In this small sample, we demonstrate that dexmedetomidine decreases neuronal firing in the subthalamic nucleus as expressed in the RMS of the multi-unit activity. As multi-unit activity is a factor in determining the subthalamic nucleus borders during micro-electrode recordings, dexmedetomidine should be used with caution for sedation during these procedures. Clinical trial number NCT01721460.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corey Amlong
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Deborah Rusy
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Robert D. Sanders
- University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Anaesthetics, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Wendell Lake
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Aeyal Raz
- Department of Anesthesiology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
- The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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21
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Song S, Regan B, Ereifej ES, Chan ER, Capadona JR. Neuroinflammatory Gene Expression Analysis Reveals Pathways of Interest as Potential Targets to Improve the Recording Performance of Intracortical Microelectrodes. Cells 2022; 11:2348. [PMID: 35954192 PMCID: PMC9367362 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracortical microelectrodes are a critical component of brain-machine interface (BMI) systems. The recording performance of intracortical microelectrodes used for both basic neuroscience research and clinical applications of BMIs decreases over time, limiting the utility of the devices. The neuroinflammatory response to the microelectrode has been identified as a significant contributing factor to its performance. Traditionally, pathological assessment has been limited to a dozen or so known neuroinflammatory proteins, and only a few groups have begun to explore changes in gene expression following microelectrode implantation. Our initial characterization of gene expression profiles of the neuroinflammatory response to mice implanted with non-functional intracortical probes revealed many upregulated genes that could inform future therapeutic targets. Emphasis was placed on the most significant gene expression changes and genes involved in multiple innate immune sets, including Cd14, C3, Itgam, and Irak4. In previous studies, inhibition of Cluster of Differentiation 14 (Cd14) improved microelectrode performance for up to two weeks after electrode implantation, suggesting CD14 can be explored as a potential therapeutic target. However, all measures of improvements in signal quality and electrode performance lost statistical significance after two weeks. Therefore, the current study investigated the expression of genes in the neuroinflammatory pathway at the tissue-microelectrode interface in Cd14-/- mice to understand better how Cd14 inhibition was connected to temporary improvements in recording quality over the initial 2-weeks post-surgery, allowing for the identification of potential co-therapeutic targets that may work synergistically with or after CD14 inhibition to improve microelectrode performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sydney Song
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 2071 Martin Luther King Jr. Drive, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (S.S.); (E.S.E.)
- Advanced Platform Technology Center, Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Brianna Regan
- Veteran Affairs Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA;
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Evon S. Ereifej
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 2071 Martin Luther King Jr. Drive, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (S.S.); (E.S.E.)
- Advanced Platform Technology Center, Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Veteran Affairs Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA;
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - E. Ricky Chan
- Institute for Computational Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA;
| | - Jeffrey R. Capadona
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 2071 Martin Luther King Jr. Drive, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (S.S.); (E.S.E.)
- Advanced Platform Technology Center, Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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22
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Sun J, Barth K, Qiao S, Chiang CH, Wang C, Rahimpour S, Trumpis M, Duraivel S, Dubey A, Wingel KE, Rachinskiy I, Voinas AE, Ferrentino B, Southwell DG, Haglund MM, Friedman AH, Lad SP, Doyle WK, Solzbacher F, Cogan G, Sinha SR, Devore S, Devinsky O, Friedman D, Pesaran B, Viventi J. Intraoperative microseizure detection using a high-density micro-electrocorticography electrode array. Brain Commun 2022; 4:fcac122. [PMID: 35663384 PMCID: PMC9155612 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcac122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
One-third of epilepsy patients suffer from medication-resistant seizures. While surgery to remove epileptogenic tissue helps some patients, 30-70% of patients continue to experience seizures following resection. Surgical outcomes may be improved with more accurate localization of epileptogenic tissue. We have previously developed novel thin-film, subdural electrode arrays with hundreds of microelectrodes over a 100-1000 mm2 area to enable high-resolution mapping of neural activity. Here, we used these high-density arrays to study microscale properties of human epileptiform activity. We performed intraoperative micro-electrocorticographic recordings in nine patients with epilepsy. In addition, we recorded from four patients with movement disorders undergoing deep brain stimulator implantation as non-epileptic controls. A board-certified epileptologist identified microseizures, which resembled electrographic seizures normally observed with clinical macroelectrodes. Recordings in epileptic patients had a significantly higher microseizure rate (2.01 events/min) than recordings in non-epileptic subjects (0.01 events/min; permutation test, P = 0.0068). Using spatial averaging to simulate recordings from larger electrode contacts, we found that the number of detected microseizures decreased rapidly with increasing contact diameter and decreasing contact density. In cases in which microseizures were spatially distributed across multiple channels, the approximate onset region was identified. Our results suggest that micro-electrocorticographic electrode arrays with a high density of contacts and large coverage are essential for capturing microseizures in epilepsy patients and may be beneficial for localizing epileptogenic tissue to plan surgery or target brain stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Sun
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Katrina Barth
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Shaoyu Qiao
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chia-Han Chiang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Charles Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Shervin Rahimpour
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neuroscience Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Michael Trumpis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Agrita Dubey
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Katie E. Wingel
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Iakov Rachinskiy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Alex E. Voinas
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Derek G. Southwell
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Michael M. Haglund
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Allan H. Friedman
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Shivanand P. Lad
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Werner K. Doyle
- Department of Neurosurgery, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Florian Solzbacher
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Gregory Cogan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Neurology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Saurabh R. Sinha
- Duke Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Neurology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Sasha Devore
- Department of Neurology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Orrin Devinsky
- Department of Neurosurgery, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neurology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel Friedman
- Department of Neurology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bijan Pesaran
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neurology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jonathan Viventi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
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23
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Mulcahey PJ, Chen Y, Driscoll N, Murphy BB, Dickens OO, Johnson ATC, Vitale F, Takano H. Multimodal, Multiscale Insights into Hippocampal Seizures Enabled by Transparent, Graphene-Based Microelectrode Arrays. eNeuro 2022; 9:ENEURO. [PMID: 35470227 DOI: 10.1523/ENEURO.0386-21.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hippocampal seizures are a defining feature of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE). Area CA1 of the hippocampus is commonly implicated in the generation of seizures, which may occur because of the activity of endogenous cell populations or of inputs from other regions within the hippocampal formation. Simultaneously observing activity at the cellular and network scales in vivo remains challenging. Here, we present a novel technology for simultaneous electrophysiology and multicellular calcium imaging of CA1 pyramidal cells (PCs) in mice enabled by a transparent graphene-based microelectrode array (Gr MEA). We examine PC firing at seizure onset, oscillatory coupling, and the dynamics of the seizure traveling wave as seizures evolve. Finally, we couple features derived from both modalities to predict the speed of the traveling wave using bootstrap aggregated regression trees. Analysis of the most important features in the regression trees suggests a transition among states in the evolution of hippocampal seizures.
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24
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Adamowska M, Pałuba B, Hyk W. Electrochemical Determination of Nanoparticle Size: Combined Theoretical and Experimental Study for Matrixless Silver Nanoparticles. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27082592. [PMID: 35458789 PMCID: PMC9032954 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27082592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A chronoamperometric procedure for the preparation of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in aqueous systems with no extra added stabilizing agents is presented. The uniqueness of the prepared nanoparticle systems was explored by theoretical considerations. The proposed theoretical model predicts the structural parameters of the obtained nanoparticle system. The parameters required for the calculations (the zeta potential, conductivity, and effective diffusion coefficient of ionic silver) are available from independently performed measurements. Chronoamperometry at a microelectrode was employed for the evaluation of the effective diffusion coefficient of ionic silver present in the AgNP solution. The values of AgNP radii predicted by the theoretical model for the selected samples were compared to those obtained by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) methods. Because of the high polydispersity of the prepared nanoparticle samples, DLS results were overestimated in comparison to both: the TEM results and some theoretical predictions. By correcting the theoretical predictions by the Debye length, the calculated nanoparticle sizes become comparable (within their expanded uncertainties) to those measured in TEM images, especially for the nanosystems at early stages of their formation via the electrosynthesis process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Adamowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, PL-02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (M.A.); (B.P.)
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Center, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, PL-02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bartosz Pałuba
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, PL-02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (M.A.); (B.P.)
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Center, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, PL-02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Hyk
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, PL-02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (M.A.); (B.P.)
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Center, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, PL-02-089 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-22-5526359
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25
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Lehongre K, Lambrecq V, Whitmarsh S, Frazzini V, Cousyn L, Soleil D, Fernandez-Vidal S, Mathon B, Houot M, Lemarechal JD, Clemenceau S, Hasboun D, Adam C, Navarro V. Long-term deep intracerebral microelectrode recordings in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy: proposed guidelines based on 10-year experience. Neuroimage 2022; 254:119116. [PMID: 35318150 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Human neuronal activity, recorded in vivo from microelectrodes, may offer valuable insights into physiological mechanisms underlying human cognition and pathophysiological mechanisms of brain diseases, in particular epilepsy. Continuous and long-term recordings are necessary to monitor non predictable pathological and physiological activities like seizures or sleep. Because of their high impedance, microelectrodes are more sensitive to noise than macroelectrodes. Low noise levels are crucial to detect action potentials from background noise, and to further isolate single neuron activities. Therefore, long-term recordings of multi-unit activity remains a challenge. We shared here our experience with microelectrode recordings and our efforts to reduce noise levels in order to improve signal quality. We also provided detailed technical guidelines for the connection, recording, imaging and signal analysis of microelectrode recordings. RESULTS During the last 10 years, we implanted 122 bundles of Behnke-Fried hybrid macro-microelectrodes, in 56 patients with pharmacoresistant focal epilepsy. Microbundles were implanted in the temporal lobe (74%), as well as frontal (15%), parietal (6%) and occipital (5%) lobes. Low noise levels depended on our technical setup. The noise reduction was mainly obtained after electrical insulation of the patient's recording room and the use of a reinforced microelectrode model, reaching median root mean square values of 5.8 µV. Seventy percent of the bundles could record multi-units activities (MUA), on around 3 out of 8 wires per bundle and for an average of 12 days. Seizures were recorded by microelectrodes in 91% of patients, when recorded continuously, and MUA were recorded during seizures for 75 % of the patients after the insulation of the room. Technical guidelines are proposed for (i) electrode tails manipulation and protection during surgical bandage and connection to both clinical and research amplifiers, (ii) electrical insulation of the patient's recording room and shielding, (iii) data acquisition and storage, and (iv) single-units activities analysis. CONCLUSIONS We progressively improved our recording setup and are now able to record (i) microelectrode signals with low noise level up to 3 weeks duration, and (ii) MUA from an increased number of wires . We built a step by step procedure from electrode trajectory planning to recordings. All these delicate steps are essential for continuous long-term recording of units in order to advance in our understanding of both the pathophysiology of ictogenesis and the neuronal coding of cognitive and physiological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia Lehongre
- Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute - Institut du Cerveau, ICM, INSERM, CNRS, APHP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris France
| | - Virginie Lambrecq
- Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute - Institut du Cerveau, ICM, INSERM, CNRS, APHP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris France; AP-HP, Département de Neurophysiologie, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, DMU Neurosciences, Paris, France; AP-HP, Epilepsy Unit, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, DMU Neurosciences, Paris, France
| | - Stephen Whitmarsh
- Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute - Institut du Cerveau, ICM, INSERM, CNRS, APHP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris France
| | - Valerio Frazzini
- Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute - Institut du Cerveau, ICM, INSERM, CNRS, APHP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris France; AP-HP, Département de Neurophysiologie, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, DMU Neurosciences, Paris, France; AP-HP, Epilepsy Unit, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, DMU Neurosciences, Paris, France
| | - Louis Cousyn
- Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute - Institut du Cerveau, ICM, INSERM, CNRS, APHP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris France; AP-HP, Epilepsy Unit, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, DMU Neurosciences, Paris, France
| | - Daniel Soleil
- Bureau d'Etudes CEMS, 801 Route d'Eyguieres, 13 560 Senas, France
| | - Sara Fernandez-Vidal
- Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute - Institut du Cerveau, ICM, INSERM, CNRS, APHP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris France
| | - Bertrand Mathon
- Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute - Institut du Cerveau, ICM, INSERM, CNRS, APHP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris France; AP-HP, Service de Neurochirurgie, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Marion Houot
- Centre of Excellence of Neurodegenerative Disease (CoEN), AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France; Institute of Memory and Alzheimer's Disease (IM2A), Department of Neurology, AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France.; Clinical Investigation Centre, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital Paris, France
| | - Jean-Didier Lemarechal
- Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute - Institut du Cerveau, ICM, INSERM, CNRS, APHP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris France; Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | | | - Dominique Hasboun
- Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute - Institut du Cerveau, ICM, INSERM, CNRS, APHP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris France; AP-HP, Service de Neuroradiologie, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Claude Adam
- AP-HP, Epilepsy Unit, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, DMU Neurosciences, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Navarro
- Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute - Institut du Cerveau, ICM, INSERM, CNRS, APHP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris France; AP-HP, Département de Neurophysiologie, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, DMU Neurosciences, Paris, France; AP-HP, Epilepsy Unit, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, DMU Neurosciences, Paris, France; AP-HP, Center of Reference for Rare Epilepsies, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France.
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26
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Devi M, Vomero M, Fuhrer E, Castagnola E, Gueli C, Nimbalkar S, Hirabayashi M, Kassegne S, Stieglitz T, Sharma S. Carbon-based neural electrodes: promises and challenges. J Neural Eng 2021; 18. [PMID: 34404037 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ac1e45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Neural electrodes are primary functional elements of neuroelectronic devices designed to record neural activity based on electrochemical signals. These electrodes may also be utilized for electrically stimulating the neural cells, such that their response can be simultaneously recorded. In addition to being medically safe, the electrode material should be electrically conductive and electrochemically stable under harsh biological environments. Mechanical flexibility and conformability, resistance to crack formation and compatibility with common microfabrication techniques are equally desirable properties. Traditionally, (noble) metals have been the preferred for neural electrode applications due to their proven biosafety and a relatively high electrical conductivity. Carbon is a recent addition to this list, which is far superior in terms of its electrochemical stability and corrosion resistance. Carbon has also enabled 3D electrode fabrication as opposed to the thin-film based 2D structures. One of carbon's peculiar aspects is its availability in a wide range of allotropes with specialized properties that render it highly versatile. These variations, however, also make it difficult to understand carbon itself as a unique material, and thus, each allotrope is often regarded independently. Some carbon types have already shown promising results in bioelectronic medicine, while many others remain potential candidates. In this topical review, we first provide a broad overview of the neuroelectronic devices and the basic requirements of an electrode material. We subsequently discuss the carbon family of materials and their properties that are useful in neural applications. Examples of devices fabricated using bulk and nano carbon materials are reviewed and critically compared. We then summarize the challenges, future prospects and next-generation carbon technology that can be helpful in the field of neural sciences. The article aims at providing a common platform to neuroscientists, electrochemists, biologists, microsystems engineers and carbon scientists to enable active and comprehensive efforts directed towards carbon-based neuroelectronic device fabrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamta Devi
- School of Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Kamand, Himachal Pradesh 175075, India
| | - Maria Vomero
- Bioelectronic Systems Laboratory, Columbia University, 500 West 120th Street, New York, NY 10027, United States of America
| | - Erwin Fuhrer
- School of Computing and Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Kamand, Himachal Pradesh 175075 India
| | - Elisa Castagnola
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States of America
| | - Calogero Gueli
- Laboratory for Biomedical Microtechnology, Department of Microsystems Engineering-IMTEK, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 080, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Surabhi Nimbalkar
- NanoFAB.SDSU Research Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, San Diego State University and NSF-ERC Center for Neurotechnology (CNT), 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, United States of America
| | - Mieko Hirabayashi
- NanoFAB.SDSU Research Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, San Diego State University and NSF-ERC Center for Neurotechnology (CNT), 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, United States of America
| | - Sam Kassegne
- NanoFAB.SDSU Research Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, San Diego State University and NSF-ERC Center for Neurotechnology (CNT), 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, United States of America
| | - Thomas Stieglitz
- Laboratory for Biomedical Microtechnology, Department of Microsystems Engineering-IMTEK, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 080, 79110 Freiburg, Germany.,BrainLinks-BrainTools Center, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 080, 79110 Freiburg, Germany.,Bernstein Center Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Hansastr. 9a, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Swati Sharma
- School of Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Kamand, Himachal Pradesh 175075, India
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27
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Wang Y, Graham ES, Unsworth CP. Superior galvanostatic electrochemical deposition of platinum nanograss provides high performance planar microelectrodes for in vitroneural recording. J Neural Eng 2021; 18. [PMID: 34371484 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ac1bc1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Objective.Platinum nanograss (Ptng) has been demonstrated as an excellent coating to increase the electrode roughness and reduce the impedance of microelectrodes for neural recording. However, the optimisation of the original potentiostatic electrochemical deposition (PSED) method has been performed by the original group only and noin vitrovalidation of functionality was reported.Approach.This study firstly reinvestigates the use of the PSED method for Ptng coating at different charge densities which highlights non-uniformities in the edges of the microelectrodes for increasing deposition charge densities, leading to a decreased impedance which is in fact an artefact. We then introduce a novel Ptng fabrication method of galvanostatic electrochemical deposition (GSED).Main results.We demonstrate that the GSED deposition method also significantly reduces the electrode impedance, raises the charge storage capacity and provides a significantly more planar electrode surface in comparison to the PSED method with negligible edge effects. In addition, we demonstrate how high-quality neural recordings were performed, for the first time, using the Ptng GSED deposition microelectrodes from human hNT neurons and how spiking and bursting were observed.Significance.Thus, the GSED Ptng deposition method presented here provides an alternative method of microelectrode fabrication for neural applications with excellent impedance and planarity of surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand and the MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - E Scott Graham
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, and Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Charles P Unsworth
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand and the MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington, New Zealand
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28
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Chen L, Hartner J, Dong T, Li A, Watson B, Shih A. Flexible High-Resolution Force and Dimpling Measurement System for Pia and Dura Penetration During In Vivo Microelectrode Insertion Into Rat Brain. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2021; 68:2602-2612. [PMID: 33798065 PMCID: PMC8323825 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2021.3070781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Understanding the in vivo force and tissue dimpling during micro-electrode implantation into the brain are important for neuro-electrophysiology to minimize damage while enabling accurate placement and stable chronic extracellular electrophysiological recordings. Prior studies were unable to measure the sub-mN forces exerted during in vivo insertion of small electrodes. Here, we have investigated the in vivo force and dimpling depth profiles during brain surface membrane rupture (including dura) in anesthetized rats. METHODS A μN-resolution cantilever beam-based measurement system was designed, built, and calibrated and adapted for in vivo use. A total of 244 in vivo insertion tests were conducted on 8 anesthetized rats with 121 through pia mater and 123 through dura and pia combined. RESULTS Both microwire tip sharpening and diameter reduction reduced membrane rupture force (insertion force) and eased brain surface penetration. But dimpling depth and rupture force are not always strongly correlated. Multi-shank silicon probes showed smaller dimpling and rupture force per shank than single shank devices. CONCLUSION A force measurement system with flexible range and μN-level resolution (up to 0.032 μN) was achieved and proved feasible. For both pia-only and dura-pia penetrations in anesthetized rats, the rupture force and membrane dimpling depth at rupture are linearly related to the microwire diameter. SIGNIFICANCE We have developed a new system with both μN-level resolution and capacity to be used in vivo for measurement of force profiles of various neural interfaces into the brain. This allows quantification of brain tissue cutting and provides design guidelines for optimal neural interfaces.
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29
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Paulk AC, Yang JC, Cleary DR, Soper DJ, Halgren M, O’Donnell AR, Lee SH, Ganji M, Ro YG, Oh H, Hossain L, Lee J, Tchoe Y, Rogers N, Kiliç K, Ryu SB, Lee SW, Hermiz J, Gilja V, Ulbert I, Fabó D, Thesen T, Doyle WK, Devinsky O, Madsen JR, Schomer DL, Eskandar EN, Lee JW, Maus D, Devor A, Fried SI, Jones PS, Nahed BV, Ben-Haim S, Bick SK, Richardson RM, Raslan AM, Siler DA, Cahill DP, Williams ZM, Cosgrove GR, Dayeh SA, Cash SS. Microscale Physiological Events on the Human Cortical Surface. Cereb Cortex 2021; 31:3678-3700. [PMID: 33749727 PMCID: PMC8258438 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite ongoing advances in our understanding of local single-cellular and network-level activity of neuronal populations in the human brain, extraordinarily little is known about their "intermediate" microscale local circuit dynamics. Here, we utilized ultra-high-density microelectrode arrays and a rare opportunity to perform intracranial recordings across multiple cortical areas in human participants to discover three distinct classes of cortical activity that are not locked to ongoing natural brain rhythmic activity. The first included fast waveforms similar to extracellular single-unit activity. The other two types were discrete events with slower waveform dynamics and were found preferentially in upper cortical layers. These second and third types were also observed in rodents, nonhuman primates, and semi-chronic recordings from humans via laminar and Utah array microelectrodes. The rates of all three events were selectively modulated by auditory and electrical stimuli, pharmacological manipulation, and cold saline application and had small causal co-occurrences. These results suggest that the proper combination of high-resolution microelectrodes and analytic techniques can capture neuronal dynamics that lay between somatic action potentials and aggregate population activity. Understanding intermediate microscale dynamics in relation to single-cell and network dynamics may reveal important details about activity in the full cortical circuit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelique C Paulk
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Jimmy C Yang
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Daniel R Cleary
- Departments of Neurosciences and Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Daniel J Soper
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Mila Halgren
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - Sang Heon Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Mehran Ganji
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Yun Goo Ro
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Hongseok Oh
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Lorraine Hossain
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jihwan Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Youngbin Tchoe
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Nicholas Rogers
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Kivilcim Kiliç
- Departments of Neurosciences and Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Sang Baek Ryu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Seung Woo Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - John Hermiz
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Vikash Gilja
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - István Ulbert
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, 1519 Budapest, Hungary
- Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics, H-1444 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Daniel Fabó
- Epilepsy Centrum, National Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, 1145 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Thomas Thesen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Houston College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77204, USA
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York City, NY 10016, USA
| | - Werner K Doyle
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York City, NY 10016, USA
| | - Orrin Devinsky
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York City, NY 10016, USA
| | - Joseph R Madsen
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Donald L Schomer
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Emad N Eskandar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Bronx, NY 10467, USA
| | - Jong Woo Lee
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Douglas Maus
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Anna Devor
- Departments of Neurosciences and Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Shelley I Fried
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Boston VA Healthcare System, 150 South Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02130, USA
| | - Pamela S Jones
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Brian V Nahed
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Sharona Ben-Haim
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Sarah K Bick
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | | | - Ahmed M Raslan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Dominic A Siler
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Daniel P Cahill
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Ziv M Williams
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - G Rees Cosgrove
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Shadi A Dayeh
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Sydney S Cash
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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30
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Rus ED, Wakabayashi RH, Wang H, Abruña HD. Methanol Oxidation at Platinum in Alkaline Media: A Study of the Effects of Hydroxide Concentration and of Mass Transport. Chemphyschem 2021; 22:1397-1406. [PMID: 33831274 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202100087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The hydroxide ion concentration dependence of the methanol oxidation reaction at Pt was studied using microelectrode voltammetry and rotating disk electrode voltammetry. Both methods suggest that the rate of methanol oxidation is limited by hydroxide mass transport at low hydroxide concentrations, while it is inhibited by hydroxide adsorption at high concentrations. It was possible to shift from the transport-limited regime to the inhibitory regime by varying the bulk concentration of hydroxide or by varying mass transport to the electrode. Rotating ring-disk electrode voltammetry was employed to qualitatively assess changes in the diffusion layer pH. The results indicated a decrease in the surface pH during methanol oxidation, as expected, but also that the pH reached a steady state during hydroxide transport limited methanol oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric D Rus
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Ryo H Wakabayashi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Hongsen Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Héctor D Abruña
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
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31
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Cao Y, Floehr J, Ingebrandt S, Schnakenberg U. Dry Film Resist Laminated Microfluidic System for Electrical Impedance Measurements. Micromachines (Basel) 2021; 12:632. [PMID: 34072385 PMCID: PMC8228546 DOI: 10.3390/mi12060632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
In micro-electrical-mechanical systems (MEMS), thick structures with high aspect ratios are often required. Dry film photoresist (DFR) in various thicknesses can be easily laminated and patterned using standard UV lithography. Here, we present a three-level DFR lamination process of SUEX for a microfluidic chip with embedded, vertically arranged microelectrodes for electrical impedance measurements. To trap and fix the object under test to the electrodes, an aperture is formed in the center of the ring-shaped electrodes in combination with a microfluidic suction channel underneath. In a proof-of-concept, the setup is characterized by electrical impedance measurements with polystyrene and ZrO2 spheres. The electrical impedance is most sensitive at approximately 2 kHz, and its magnitudes reveal around 200% higher values when a sphere is trapped. The magnitude values depend on the sizes of the spheres. Electrical equivalent circuits are applied to simulate the experimental results with a close match.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Cao
- Institute of Materials in Electrical Engineering 1, RWTH Aachen University, Sommerfeldstraße 24, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (Y.C.); (S.I.)
| | - Julia Floehr
- Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany;
| | - Sven Ingebrandt
- Institute of Materials in Electrical Engineering 1, RWTH Aachen University, Sommerfeldstraße 24, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (Y.C.); (S.I.)
| | - Uwe Schnakenberg
- Institute of Materials in Electrical Engineering 1, RWTH Aachen University, Sommerfeldstraße 24, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (Y.C.); (S.I.)
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32
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Wang Z, Cui H, Li S, Feng X, Aghassi-Hagmann J, Azizian S, Levkin PA. Facile Approach to Conductive Polymer Microelectrodes for Flexible Electronics. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:21661-21668. [PMID: 33905239 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c22519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Conductive polymers have been intensively investigated as materials for electrodes in flexible electronics due to their favorable biocompatibility and reliable electrochemical stability. Nevertheless, patterning of conductive polymers for the fabrication of devices and in various electronics applications confronts multifarious limitations and challenges. Here, we present a simple but efficient strategy to obtain conductive polymer microelectrodes via utilization of surface-tension-confined liquid patterns. This method shows universality for various oxidizers and conductive polymers, high resolution, stability, and favorable compatibility with different surfaces and materials. The developed method has been demonstrated for creating conductive polymer microelectrodes with a customized reaction process, defined geometry, and flexible substrates. The obtained microelectrodes were assembled into flexible capacitive sensors. Thus, the method realizes a facile approach to conductive polymer microelectrodes for flexible electronics, biomedical applications, human activity monitors, and electronic skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenwu Wang
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems-Functional Molecular Systems (IBCS-FMS), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Haijun Cui
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems-Functional Molecular Systems (IBCS-FMS), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Shuai Li
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems-Functional Molecular Systems (IBCS-FMS), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Xiaowei Feng
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Jasmin Aghassi-Hagmann
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Saeid Azizian
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, Mahdiyeh Street, Hamedan 6517838695, Iran
| | - Pavel A Levkin
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems-Functional Molecular Systems (IBCS-FMS), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), Kaiserstraße 12, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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Lü YT, Jiang XT, Tu Y, Wang XD, Pan YB, Liu S, Cui SK, Wang L. [In-situ Phosphorus Removal Activity and Impact of the Organic Matter Concentration on Denitrifying Phosphorus Removal in Sludge Aggregates]. Huan Jing Ke Xue 2021; 42:2396-2401. [PMID: 33884810 DOI: 10.13227/j.hjkx.202010109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the redox potential, dissolved oxygen, and phosphate microelectrodes were used to quantitatively study the in-situ activity of dephosphorization bacteria and the impact of the organic matter concentration on denitrifying phosphorus removal in sludge aggregates in a sequencing batch reactor. The results showed that the maximum net volume release rate of phosphorus was 3.29 mg·(cm3·h)-1 in the initial anaerobic sludge aggregates, which was approximately 3 times the maximum net volume uptake rate of phosphorus at the initial anoxic stage. The release rate of phosphorus clearly decreased at the final anaerobic stage, and the maximum net volume release rate of phosphorus was only half of that at the initial anaerobic stage. At the final anoxic stage, the maximum net volume uptake rate of phosphorus decreased to 0.14 mg·(cm3·h)-1, and the phenomenon of secondary phosphorus release occurred in the deep area below 1800 μm. When the concentration of COD decreased from 350 mg·L-1 to 250 mg·L-1 and 150 mg·L-1, the maximum net volume release rate of phosphorus of dephosphorization bacteria decreased from 3.27 mg·(cm3·h)-1 to 2.44 mg·(cm3·h)-1 and 2.01 mg·(cm3·h)-1, respectively, and the rapid uptake area of phosphorus narrowed to the surface of the sludge aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Tao Lü
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China.,Key Laboratory of Membrane Separation of Shaanxi Province, Research Institute of Membrane Separation Technology of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Xiao-Tong Jiang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China.,Key Laboratory of Membrane Separation of Shaanxi Province, Research Institute of Membrane Separation Technology of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Yan Tu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China.,Key Laboratory of Membrane Separation of Shaanxi Province, Research Institute of Membrane Separation Technology of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Xu-Dong Wang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China.,Key Laboratory of Membrane Separation of Shaanxi Province, Research Institute of Membrane Separation Technology of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Yong-Bao Pan
- Shaanxi Modern Architecture Design & Research Institute, Xi'an 710024, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Shaanxi Modern Architecture Design & Research Institute, Xi'an 710024, China
| | - Shuang-Ke Cui
- Shaanxi Modern Architecture Design & Research Institute, Xi'an 710024, China
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China.,Key Laboratory of Membrane Separation of Shaanxi Province, Research Institute of Membrane Separation Technology of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an 710055, China
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34
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Nakashima T, Cheniti G, Takagi T, Vlachos K, Goujeau C, André C, Krisai P, Ramirez FD, Pintican G, Kamakura T, Nakatani Y, Surget E, Roux JR, Meillet V, Carapezzi A, Tixier R, Chauvel R, Pambrun T, Duchateau J, Derval N, Pillois X, Cochet H, Hocini M, Haïssaguerre M, Jaïs P, Sacher F. Local abnormal ventricular activity detection in scar-related VT: Microelectrode versus conventional bipolar electrode. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 2021; 44:1075-1084. [PMID: 33932234 DOI: 10.1111/pace.14253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Conventional bipolar electrodes (CBE) may be suboptimal to detect local abnormal ventricular activities (LAVAs). Microelectrodes (ME) may improve the detection of LAVAs. This study sought to elucidate the detectability of LAVAs using ME compared with CBE in patients with scar-related ventricular tachycardia (VT). METHODS We included consecutive patients with structural heart disease who underwent radiofrequency catheter ablation for scar-related VT using either of the following catheters equipped with ME: QDOTTM or IntellaTip MIFITM. Detection field of LAVA potentials were classified as three types: Type 1 (both CBE and ME detected LAVA), Type 2 (CBE did not detect LAVA while ME did), and Type 3 (CBE detected LAVA while ME did not). RESULTS In 16 patients (68 ± 16 years; 14 males), 260 LAVAs electrograms (QDOT = 72; MIFI = 188) were analyzed. Type 1, type 2, and type 3 detections were 70.8% (QDOT, 69.4%; MIFI, 71.3%), 20.0% (QDOT, 23.6%; MIFI, 18.6%) and 9.2% (QDOT, 6.9%; MIFI, 10.1%), respectively. The LAVAs amplitudes detected by ME were higher than those detected by CBE in both catheters (QDOT: ME 0.79 ± 0.50 mV vs. CBE 0.41 ± 0.42 mV, p = .001; MIFI: ME 0.73 ± 0.64 mV vs. CBE 0.38 ± 0.36 mV, p < .001). CONCLUSIONS ME allow to identify 20% of LAVAs missed by CBE. ME showed higher amplitude LAVAs than CBE. However, 9.2% of LAVAs can still be missed by ME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Nakashima
- Department of Cardiac Pacing and Electrophysiology, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux University Hospital (CHU), Pessac-Bordeaux, France
| | - Ghassen Cheniti
- Department of Cardiac Pacing and Electrophysiology, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux University Hospital (CHU), Pessac-Bordeaux, France
| | - Takamitsu Takagi
- Department of Cardiac Pacing and Electrophysiology, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux University Hospital (CHU), Pessac-Bordeaux, France
| | - Konstantinos Vlachos
- Department of Cardiac Pacing and Electrophysiology, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux University Hospital (CHU), Pessac-Bordeaux, France.,Department of Cardiac Pacing and Electrophysiology, Evangelismos General Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Cyril Goujeau
- Department of Cardiac Pacing and Electrophysiology, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux University Hospital (CHU), Pessac-Bordeaux, France
| | - Clémentine André
- Department of Cardiac Pacing and Electrophysiology, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux University Hospital (CHU), Pessac-Bordeaux, France
| | - Philipp Krisai
- Department of Cardiac Pacing and Electrophysiology, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux University Hospital (CHU), Pessac-Bordeaux, France
| | - F Daniel Ramirez
- Department of Cardiac Pacing and Electrophysiology, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux University Hospital (CHU), Pessac-Bordeaux, France.,Division of Cardiology, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gabriela Pintican
- Department of Cardiac Pacing and Electrophysiology, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux University Hospital (CHU), Pessac-Bordeaux, France
| | - Tsukasa Kamakura
- Department of Cardiac Pacing and Electrophysiology, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux University Hospital (CHU), Pessac-Bordeaux, France
| | - Yosuke Nakatani
- Department of Cardiac Pacing and Electrophysiology, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux University Hospital (CHU), Pessac-Bordeaux, France
| | - Elodie Surget
- Department of Cardiac Pacing and Electrophysiology, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux University Hospital (CHU), Pessac-Bordeaux, France
| | | | | | | | - Romain Tixier
- Department of Cardiac Pacing and Electrophysiology, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux University Hospital (CHU), Pessac-Bordeaux, France
| | - Remi Chauvel
- Department of Cardiac Pacing and Electrophysiology, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux University Hospital (CHU), Pessac-Bordeaux, France
| | - Thomas Pambrun
- Department of Cardiac Pacing and Electrophysiology, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux University Hospital (CHU), Pessac-Bordeaux, France
| | - Josselin Duchateau
- Department of Cardiac Pacing and Electrophysiology, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux University Hospital (CHU), Pessac-Bordeaux, France
| | - Nicolas Derval
- Department of Cardiac Pacing and Electrophysiology, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux University Hospital (CHU), Pessac-Bordeaux, France
| | - Xavier Pillois
- Department of Cardiac Pacing and Electrophysiology, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux University Hospital (CHU), Pessac-Bordeaux, France
| | - Hubert Cochet
- Department of Cardiac Pacing and Electrophysiology, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux University Hospital (CHU), Pessac-Bordeaux, France
| | - Mélèze Hocini
- Department of Cardiac Pacing and Electrophysiology, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux University Hospital (CHU), Pessac-Bordeaux, France
| | - Michel Haïssaguerre
- Department of Cardiac Pacing and Electrophysiology, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux University Hospital (CHU), Pessac-Bordeaux, France
| | - Pierre Jaïs
- Department of Cardiac Pacing and Electrophysiology, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux University Hospital (CHU), Pessac-Bordeaux, France
| | - Frédéric Sacher
- Department of Cardiac Pacing and Electrophysiology, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux University Hospital (CHU), Pessac-Bordeaux, France
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35
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Li M, Wang X, Yao X, Wang X, Chen F, Zhang X, Sun S, He F, Jia Q, Guo M, Chen D, Sun Y, Li Y, He Q, Zhu Z, Wang M. Roles of Motor Cortex Neuron Classes in Reach-Related Modulation for Hemiparkinsonian Rats. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:645849. [PMID: 33986639 PMCID: PMC8111217 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.645849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Disruption of the function of the primary motor cortex (M1) is thought to play a critical role in motor dysfunction in Parkinson's disease (PD). Detailed information regarding the specific aspects of M1 circuits that become abnormal is lacking. We recorded single units and local field potentials (LFPs) of M1 neurons in unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesion rats and control rats to assess the impact of dopamine (DA) cell loss during rest and a forelimb reaching task. Our results indicated that M1 neurons can be classified into two groups (putative pyramidal neurons and putative interneurons) and that 6-OHDA could modify the activity of different M1 subpopulations to a large extent. Reduced activation of putative pyramidal neurons during inattentive rest and reaching was observed. In addition, 6-OHDA intoxication was associated with an increase in certain LFP frequencies, especially those in the beta range (broadly defined here as any frequency between 12 and 35 Hz), which become pathologically exaggerated throughout cortico-basal ganglia circuits after dopamine depletion. Furthermore, assessment of different spike-LFP coupling parameters revealed that the putative pyramidal neurons were particularly prone to being phase-locked to ongoing cortical oscillations at 12-35 Hz during reaching. Conversely, putative interneurons were neither hypoactive nor synchronized to ongoing cortical oscillations. These data collectively demonstrate a neuron type-selective alteration in the M1 in hemiparkinsonian rats. These alterations hamper the ability of the M1 to contribute to motor conduction and are likely some of the main contributors to motor impairments in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Xuenan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China.,Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaomeng Yao
- School of Nursing, Qilu Institute of Technology, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaojun Wang
- The First Hospital Affiliated With Shandong First Medicine University, Jinan, China
| | - Feiyu Chen
- School of International Education, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Editorial Department of Journal of Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan, China
| | - Shuang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Feng He
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Qingmei Jia
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Mengnan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Dadian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Yue Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Yuchuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Qin He
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhiwei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Min Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
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36
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Qu J, Wang S, Wu F, Zhang C. Effect of Electrolyte Additives on the Cycling Performance of Li Metal and the Kinetic Mechanism Analysis. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:18283-18293. [PMID: 33835794 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c01595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Lithium metal secondary batteries (LMBs) have extremely high energy densities and are considered the most promising energy storage and conversion systems in the future. We start with the formation and growth process of the Li metal deposited layer to reveal and clarify the reasons for the apparent comprehensive performance of the Li metal anode. Specifically, under the conditions of ether electrolyte and typical additives, the apparent Coulombic efficiency, micromorphology of the deposition layer, SEI information, and the kinetic mechanism of the Li plating/stripping process under a series of current density conditions are studied. The results show that in the electrolyte containing LiNO3, Li metal exhibits excellent cycling performance, the Li plating layer is denser, and the particles in the plating layer are smooth and uniform. In the electrolyte containing FEC, the performance of Li metal is also improved to some extent. Then, we use microelectrode technology to obtain the kinetic parameters of elementary steps in the deposition process of Li metal and find that the stability of the kinetic parameters of mass transfer, interface, and surface steps and their good matching degree are conducive to the good cycling stability of the Li metal anode. This study reveals the kinetic relationship among the apparent comprehensive performances of Li metal, the electrolyte composition, and operating conditions, which provides a reliable dynamic reference for screening and optimizing electrolytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyi Qu
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Simin Wang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Feng Wu
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- The National High Technology Development Center of Green Materials, Beijing 100081, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Cunzhong Zhang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- The National High Technology Development Center of Green Materials, Beijing 100081, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing 100081, China
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37
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Kita Y, Tsuruhara S, Kubo H, Yamashita K, Seikoba Y, Idogawa S, Sawahata H, Yamagiwa S, Leong XLA, Numano R, Koida K, Kawano T. Three-micrometer-diameter needle electrode with an amplifier for extracellular in vivo recordings. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2008233118. [PMID: 33846241 PMCID: PMC8072214 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2008233118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Microscale needle-electrode devices offer neuronal signal recording capability in brain tissue; however, using needles of smaller geometry to minimize tissue damage causes degradation of electrical properties, including high electrical impedance and low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) recording. We overcome these limitations using a device assembly technique that uses a single needle-topped amplifier package, called STACK, within a device of ∼1 × 1 mm2 Based on silicon (Si) growth technology, a <3-µm-tip-diameter, 400-µm-length needle electrode was fabricated on a Si block as the module. The high electrical impedance characteristics of the needle electrode were improved by stacking it on the other module of the amplifier. The STACK device exhibited a voltage gain of >0.98 (-0.175 dB), enabling recording of the local field potential and action potentials from the mouse brain in vivo with an improved SNR of 6.2. Additionally, the device allowed us to use a Bluetooth module to demonstrate wireless recording of these neuronal signals; the chronic experiment was also conducted using STACK-implanted mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuto Kita
- Department of Electrical and Electric Information Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, 1-1 Hibarigaoka Tempaku-cho, 441-8580 Toyohashi, Japan
| | - Shuhei Tsuruhara
- Department of Electrical and Electric Information Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, 1-1 Hibarigaoka Tempaku-cho, 441-8580 Toyohashi, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kubo
- Department of Electrical and Electric Information Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, 1-1 Hibarigaoka Tempaku-cho, 441-8580 Toyohashi, Japan
| | - Koji Yamashita
- Department of Electrical and Electric Information Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, 1-1 Hibarigaoka Tempaku-cho, 441-8580 Toyohashi, Japan
| | - Yu Seikoba
- Department of Electrical and Electric Information Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, 1-1 Hibarigaoka Tempaku-cho, 441-8580 Toyohashi, Japan
| | - Shinnosuke Idogawa
- Department of Electrical and Electric Information Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, 1-1 Hibarigaoka Tempaku-cho, 441-8580 Toyohashi, Japan
| | - Hirohito Sawahata
- Department of Electrical and Electric Information Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, 1-1 Hibarigaoka Tempaku-cho, 441-8580 Toyohashi, Japan
- National Institute of Technology, Ibaraki College, 866 Nakane, 312-8508 Hitachinaka, Japan
| | - Shota Yamagiwa
- Department of Electrical and Electric Information Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, 1-1 Hibarigaoka Tempaku-cho, 441-8580 Toyohashi, Japan
| | - Xian Long Angela Leong
- Department of Electrical and Electric Information Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, 1-1 Hibarigaoka Tempaku-cho, 441-8580 Toyohashi, Japan
| | - Rika Numano
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Life Science, Toyohashi University of Technology, 1-1 Hibarigaoka Tempaku-cho, 441-8580 Toyohashi, Japan
| | - Kowa Koida
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, 1-1 Hibarigaoka Tempaku-cho, 441-8580 Toyohashi, Japan
- Electronics-Inspired Interdisciplinary Research Institute, Toyohashi University of Technology, 1-1 Hibarigaoka Tempaku-cho, 441-8580 Toyohashi, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kawano
- Department of Electrical and Electric Information Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, 1-1 Hibarigaoka Tempaku-cho, 441-8580 Toyohashi, Japan;
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38
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Sperry ZJ, Na K, Jun J, Madden LR, Socha A, Yoon E, Seymour JP, Bruns TM. High-density neural recordings from feline sacral dorsal root ganglia with thin-film array. J Neural Eng 2021; 18. [PMID: 33545709 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/abe398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Objective. Dorsal root ganglia (DRG) are promising sites for recording sensory activity. Current technologies for DRG recording are stiff and typically do not have sufficient site density for high-fidelity neural data techniques.Approach. In acute experiments, we demonstrate single-unit neural recordings in sacral DRG of anesthetized felines using a 4.5µm thick, high-density flexible polyimide microelectrode array with 60 sites and 30-40µm site spacing. We delivered arrays into DRG with ultrananocrystalline diamond shuttles designed for high stiffness affording a smaller footprint. We recorded neural activity during sensory activation, including cutaneous brushing and bladder filling, as well as during electrical stimulation of the pudendal nerve and anal sphincter. We used specialized neural signal analysis software to sort densely packed neural signals.Main results. We successfully delivered arrays in five of six experiments and recorded single-unit sensory activity in four experiments. The median neural signal amplitude was 55μV peak-to-peak and the maximum unique units recorded at one array position was 260, with 157 driven by sensory or electrical stimulation. In one experiment, we used the neural analysis software to track eight sorted single units as the array was retracted ∼500μm.Significance. This study is the first demonstration of ultrathin, flexible, high-density electronics delivered into DRG, with capabilities for recording and tracking sensory information that are a significant improvement over conventional DRG interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachariah J Sperry
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America.,Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Kyounghwan Na
- Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - James Jun
- Flatiron Institute, Simons Foundation, New York City, NY, United States of America
| | - Lauren R Madden
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America.,Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Alec Socha
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America.,Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Eusik Yoon
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America.,Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America.,Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS) and Graduate Program of Nano Biomedical Engineering (NanoBME), Advanced Science Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - John P Seymour
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America.,Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America.,University of Texas Health Science Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Houston, TX, United States of America.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Tim M Bruns
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America.,Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
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Pérez P, Serrano JA, Martín ME, Daza P, Huertas G, Yúfera A. A computer-aided design tool for biomedical OBT sensor tuning in cell-culture assays. Comput Methods Programs Biomed 2021; 200:105840. [PMID: 33218705 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2020.105840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The biomedical engineering must frequently develop sensor designs by including information from performance of bio-samples (cell cultures or tissues), technical specifications of transducers, and constrains from electronic circuits. A computer program for real-time cell culture monitoring system design is developed; analyzing, modelling and integrating into the program design flow the electrodes, cell culture and test circuit's influences. METHODS The computer tool, first, generates an equivalent electric circuit model for the cell-electrode bio-systems based on the area covered by cells, which also considers the cell culture dynamics. Second, proposes an Oscillation Based Test (OBT) parameterized circuit, for Electrical Cell-Substrate Sensing (ECIS) measurements of the cell culture system bioimpedance. Third, simulates electrically the full system to define the best system parameter values for the sensor. RESULTS Reported experimental results are based on commercial gold electrodes and the AA8 cell line. Characteristics of the cell lines, as time-division or cell size, are incorporated into the program design flow, showing that for a given assay, the optimal OBT circuit parameters can be selected with the help of the computer tool. The electrical simulations of the full system demonstrate that the can be correctly predicted the output frequency and amplitude ranges of the voltage response, obtaining accurate results when cell culture approaches to confluence phase. CONCLUSION It is proposed a computer program for system design of biosensors applied to monitoring cell culture dynamics. The program allows obtaining confident system information by electrical stimulation. All system components (electrodes, cell culture and test circuits) are properly modelled. The employed procedure can be applied to any other 2D electrode layout or alternative circuit technique for ECIS test. Finally, deep insight information on cell size, number, and time-division can be extracted from the comparison with real cell culture assays in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Pérez
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Sevilla (IMSE-CSIC), Av. Americo Vespuccio 24, 41092 Sevilla, Spain; Departamento de Tecnología Electrónica, ETSII, Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Reina Mercedes sn, 41012, Sevilla, Spain
| | - J A Serrano
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Sevilla (IMSE-CSIC), Av. Americo Vespuccio 24, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - M E Martín
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Reina Mercedes sn, 41012, Sevilla, Spain
| | - P Daza
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Reina Mercedes sn, 41012, Sevilla, Spain
| | - G Huertas
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Sevilla (IMSE-CSIC), Av. Americo Vespuccio 24, 41092 Sevilla, Spain; Departamento de Electrónica y Electromagnetismo, Facultad de Física, Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Reina Mercedes sn, 41012, Sevilla, Spain
| | - A Yúfera
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Sevilla (IMSE-CSIC), Av. Americo Vespuccio 24, 41092 Sevilla, Spain; Departamento de Tecnología Electrónica, ETSII, Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Reina Mercedes sn, 41012, Sevilla, Spain.
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Rihani R, Tasnim N, Javed M, Usoro JO, D'Souza TM, Ware TH, Pancrazio JJ. Liquid Crystalline Polymers: Opportunities to Shape Neural Interfaces. Neuromodulation 2021; 25:1259-1267. [PMID: 33501705 DOI: 10.1111/ner.13364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Polymers have emerged as constituent materials for the creation of microscale neural interfaces; however, limitations regarding water permeability, delamination, and material degradation impact polymeric device robustness. Liquid crystal polymers (LCPs) have molecular order like a solid but with the fluidity of a liquid, resulting in a unique material, with properties including low water permeability, chemical inertness, and mechanical toughness. The objective of this article is to review the state-of-the-art regarding the use of LCPs in neural interface applications and discuss challenges and opportunities where this class of materials can advance the field of neural interfaces. MATERIALS AND METHODS This review article focuses on studies that leverage LCP materials to interface with the nervous system in vivo. A comprehensive literature search was performed using PubMed, Web of Science (Clarivate Analytics), and Google Scholar. RESULTS There have been recent efforts to create neural interfaces that leverage the material advantages of LCPs. The literature offers examples of LCP as a basis for implantable medical devices and neural interfaces in the form of planar electrode arrays for retinal prosthetic, electrocorticography applications, and cuff-like structures for interfacing the peripheral nerve. In addition, there have been efforts to create penetrating intracortical devices capable of microstimulation and resolution of biopotentials. Recent work with a subclass of LCPs, namely liquid crystal elastomers, demonstrates that it is possible to create devices with features that deploy away from a central implantation site to interface with a volume of tissue while offering the possibility of minimizing tissue damage. CONCLUSION We envision the creation of novel microscale neural interfaces that leverage the physical properties of LCPs and have the capability of deploying within neural tissue for enhanced integration and performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashed Rihani
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Nishat Tasnim
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Mahjabeen Javed
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Joshua O Usoro
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Tania M D'Souza
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Taylor H Ware
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Joseph J Pancrazio
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
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Atkinson D, D'Souza T, Rajput JS, Tasnim N, Muthuswamy J, Marvi H, Pancrazio JJ. Advances in Implantable Microelectrode Array Insertion and Positioning. Neuromodulation 2021; 25:789-795. [PMID: 33438369 DOI: 10.1111/ner.13355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Microelectrode arrays offer a means to probe the functional circuitry of the brain and the promise of cortical neuroprosthesis for individuals suffering from paralysis or limb loss. These devices are typically comprised of one or more shanks incorporating microelectrode sites, where the shanks are positioned by inserting the devices along a straight path that is normal to the brain surface. The lack of consistent long-term chronic recording technology has driven interest in novel probe design and approaches that go beyond the standard insertion approach that is limited to a single velocity or axis. This review offers a description of typical approaches and associated limitations and surveys emergent methods for implantation of microelectrode arrays, in particular those new approaches that leverage embedded microactuators and extend the insertion direction beyond a single axis. MATERIALS AND METHODS This review paper surveys the current technologies that enable probe implantation, repositioning, and the capability to record/stimulate from a tissue volume. A comprehensive literature search was performed using PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. RESULTS There has been substantial innovation in the development of microscale and embedded technology that enables probe repositioning to maintain quality recordings in the brain. Innovations in material science have resulted in novel strategies for deployable structures that can record from or stimulate a tissue volume. Moreover, new developments involving magnetically steerable catheters and needles offer an alternative approach to "pull" rather than "push" a probe into the tissue. CONCLUSION We envision the emergence of a new generation of probes and insertion methodologies for neuromodulation applications that enable reliable chronic performance from devices that can be positioned virtually anywhere in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Atkinson
- Department of Bioengineering, Erik Jonsson School of Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Tania D'Souza
- Department of Bioengineering, Erik Jonsson School of Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Jai Singh Rajput
- Department of Bioengineering, Erik Jonsson School of Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Nishat Tasnim
- Department of Bioengineering, Erik Jonsson School of Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Jit Muthuswamy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological and Health Systems, Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Hamid Marvi
- School for Engineering of Matter Transport and Energy, Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Joseph J Pancrazio
- Department of Bioengineering, Erik Jonsson School of Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
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Abstract
Tissue electrolysis is an alternative modality that uses a low intensity direct electric current passing through at least 2 electrodes within the tissue and resulting electrochemical products including chlorine and hydrogen. These products induce changes in pH around electrodes and cause dehydration resulting from electroosmotic pressure, leading to changes in microenvironment and thus metabolism of the tissues, yielding apoptosis. The procedure requires adequate time for electrochemical reactions to yield products sufficient to induce apoptosis of the tissues. Incorporation of electroporation into electrolysis can decrease the treatment time and enhance the efficiency of electrolytic ablation. Electroporation causes permeabilization in the cell membrane allowing the efflux of potassium ions and extension of the electrochemical area, facilitating the electrolysis process. However, little is known about the combined effects on apoptosis in liver ablation. In this study, we performed an immunohistochemical evaluation of apoptosis for the incorporation of electroporation into electrolysis in liver tissues. To do so, the study was performed with microelectrodes for fixed treatment time while the applied voltage varied to increase the applied total energy for electrolysis. The apoptotic rate for electrolytic ablation increased with enhanced applied energy. The apoptotic rate was 4.31 ± 1.73 times that of control in the synergistic combination compared to 1.49 ± 0.33 times that of the control in electrolytic ablation alone. Additionally, tissue structure was better preserved in synergistic combination ablation compared to electrolysis with an increment of 3.8 mA. Thus, synergistic ablation may accelerate apoptosis and be a promising modality for the treatment of liver tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Bae Kim
- Department of Biosystems & Biomaterials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hoon Chung
- Department of Biosystems & Biomaterials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
The development of clinically applicable portable sensors and multiplex protein biomarker assays is one of the most important goals of laboratory medicine today. Sensing strategies based on electrochemical devices are discussed in this overview, with special emphasis on detection principles derived from voltammetry, electrogenerated chemiluminescence, bipolar electrochemistry and impedance-based measurements. Up-to-date examples of electrochemical methods in biomedical research and development are highlighted here, including critical evaluation and future directions of the analysis, development and validation of new protein biomarkers.
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Chen SS, Han PC, Kuok WK, Lu JY, Gu Y, Ahamad T, Alshehri SM, Ayalew H, Yu HH, Wu KCW. Synthesis of MOF525/PEDOT Composites as Microelectrodes for Electrochemical Sensing of Dopamine. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12091976. [PMID: 32878082 PMCID: PMC7564993 DOI: 10.3390/polym12091976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Dopamine (DA) is an important neurotransmitter responsible for the functions and activities of multiple systems in human. Electrochemical detection of DA has the advantages of fast analysis and cost-effectiveness, while a regular electrode probe is restricted to laboratory use because the probe size is too large to be suitable for an in vivo or in vitro analysis. In this study, we have developed porphyrin-based metal organic framework (MOF525) and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT)-based composites to modify microelectrode for DA detection. Two types of PEDOT monomers with different functional groups were investigated in this study. By varying the monomer ratios, electrolyte concentrations, and electropolymerization temperature, it was found that the PEDOT monomer containing carboxylic group facilitated the formation of regular morphology during the electropolymerization process. The uniform morphology of the PEDOT promoted the electron transmission efficiency in the same direction, while the MOF525 provided a large reactive surface area for electrocatalysis of DA. Thus, the MOF525/PEDOT composite improved the sensitivity-to-noise ratio of DA signaling, where the sensitivity reached 11 nA/μM in a good linear range of 4–100 µM. In addition, porphyrin-based MOF could also increase the selectivity to DA against other common clinical interferences, such as ascorbic acid and uric acid. The as-synthesized microelectrode modified with MOF525/PEDOT in this study exhibited great potential in real time analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Season S. Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; (S.S.C.); (W.-K.K.)
| | - Po-Chun Han
- Program of Green Materials and Precision Devices, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan;
| | - Wai-Kei Kuok
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; (S.S.C.); (W.-K.K.)
| | - Jian-Yu Lu
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Tunghai University, No. 1727, Sec. 4, Taiwan Boulevard, Xitun District, Taichung City 407224, Taiwan; (J.-Y.L.); (Y.G.)
| | - Yesong Gu
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Tunghai University, No. 1727, Sec. 4, Taiwan Boulevard, Xitun District, Taichung City 407224, Taiwan; (J.-Y.L.); (Y.G.)
| | - Tansir Ahamad
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (T.A.); (S.M.A.)
| | - Saad M. Alshehri
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (T.A.); (S.M.A.)
| | - Hailemichael Ayalew
- Smart Organic Materials Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan;
| | - Hsiao-hua Yu
- Smart Organic Materials Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: (H.-h.Y.); (K.C.-W.W.)
| | - Kevin C.-W. Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; (S.S.C.); (W.-K.K.)
- Correspondence: (H.-h.Y.); (K.C.-W.W.)
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He C, Tao M, Zhang C, He Y, Xu W, Liu Y, Zhu W. Microelectrode-Based Electrochemical Sensing Technology for in Vivo Detection of Dopamine: Recent Developments and Future Prospects. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2020; 52:544-554. [PMID: 32852227 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2020.1811946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Dopamine (DA) is an essential type of neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. DA neurons usually exist as nuclei which are mainly found in the ventral tegmental area (VTN) and substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc). Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, schizophrenia and other diseases are all related to the abnormal metabolism of DA. Compared with traditional DA detection methods such as spectrophotometry and electrophoresis, electrochemical sensing technology has high detection efficiency, high sensitivity, fast and convenient real-time detection, which is recognized as the most effective method for measuring neurotransmitters in vivo. The working electrode of an electrochemical sensor can be generally divided into the conventional electrode and the microelectrode according to its size. The microelectrode shows excellent properties such as high sensitivity, high temporal resolution, and high spatial resolution while detecting DA, which makes it possible to detect neurotransmitters in vivo. In order to further investigate the role of DA in regulating action, emotion, and cognition, and to further clarify the relationship between DA abnormalities or lack and neurological diseases such as Parkinson, more and more researchers apply microelectrode-based electrochemistry sensing technology to detect DA in vivo. This article reviews recent applications of microelectrodes and the latest researches in DA detection in vivo, focusing on the following three types of microelectrodes: (1) non-nanomaterial-modified carbon fiber microelectrodes (CFE); (2) nanomaterial-modified microelectrodes; (3) microelectrode arrays (MEA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cailing He
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mengdan Tao
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chenxi Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yifang He
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wanying Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Chen L, Liu X, Zheng X, Zhang X, Yang J, Tian T, Liao Y. Dielectrophoretic Separation of Particles Using Microfluidic Chip with Composite Three-Dimensional Electrode. Micromachines (Basel) 2020; 11:E700. [PMID: 32698449 DOI: 10.3390/mi11070700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Integrating three-dimensional (3D) microelectrodes on microfluidic chips based on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) has been a challenge. This paper introduces a composite 3D electrode composed of Ag powder (particle size of 10 nm) and PDMS. Ethyl acetate is added as an auxiliary dispersant during the compounding process. A micromachining technique for processing 3D microelectrodes of any shape and size was developed to allow the electrodes to be firmly bonded to the PDMS chip. Through theoretical calculations, numerical simulations, and experimental verification, the role of the composite 3D microelectrodes in separating polystyrene particles of three different sizes via dielectrophoresis was systematically studied. This microfluidic device separated 20-, 10-, and 5-μm polystyrene particles nondestructively, efficiently, and accurately.
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Pedersen O, Revsbech NP, Shabala S. Microsensors in plant biology: in vivo visualization of inorganic analytes with high spatial and/or temporal resolution. J Exp Bot 2020; 71:3941-3954. [PMID: 32253437 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This Expert View provides an update on the recent development of new microsensors, and briefly summarizes some novel applications of existing microsensors, in plant biology research. Two major topics are covered: (i) sensors for gaseous analytes (O2, CO2, and H2S); and (ii) those for measuring concentrations and fluxes of ions (macro- and micronutrients and environmental pollutants such as heavy metals). We show that application of such microsensors may significantly advance understanding of mechanisms of plant-environmental interaction and regulation of plant developmental and adaptive responses under adverse environmental conditions via non-destructive visualization of key analytes with high spatial and/or temporal resolution. Examples included cover a broad range of environmental situations including hypoxia, salinity, and heavy metal toxicity. We highlight the power of combining microsensor technology with other advanced biophysical (patch-clamp, voltage-clamp, and single-cell pressure probe), imaging (MRI and fluorescent dyes), and genetic techniques and approaches. We conclude that future progress in the field may be achieved by applying existing microsensors for important signalling molecules such as NO and H2O2, by improving selectivity of existing microsensors for some key analytes (e.g. Na, Mg, and Zn), and by developing new microsensors for P.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ole Pedersen
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
- School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Australia
| | - Niels Peter Revsbech
- Aarhus University Centre for Water Technology, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Sergey Shabala
- School of Land and Food, University of Tasmania, Australia
- International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, China
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Chari A, Thornton RC, Tisdall MM, Scott RC. Microelectrode recordings in human epilepsy: a case for clinical translation. Brain Commun 2020; 2:fcaa082. [PMID: 32954332 PMCID: PMC7472902 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcaa082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
With their 'all-or-none' action potential responses, single neurons (or units) are accepted as the basic computational unit of the brain. There is extensive animal literature to support the mechanistic importance of studying neuronal firing as a way to understand neuronal microcircuits and brain function. Although most studies have emphasized physiology, there is increasing recognition that studying single units provides novel insight into system-level mechanisms of disease. Microelectrode recordings are becoming more common in humans, paralleling the increasing use of intracranial electroencephalography recordings in the context of presurgical evaluation in focal epilepsy. In addition to single-unit data, microelectrode recordings also record local field potentials and high-frequency oscillations, some of which may be different to that recorded by clinical macroelectrodes. However, microelectrodes are being used almost exclusively in research contexts and there are currently no indications for incorporating microelectrode recordings into routine clinical care. In this review, we summarize the lessons learnt from 65 years of microelectrode recordings in human epilepsy patients. We cover the electrode constructs that can be utilized, principles of how to record and process microelectrode data and insights into ictal dynamics, interictal dynamics and cognition. We end with a critique on the possibilities of incorporating single-unit recordings into clinical care, with a focus on potential clinical indications, each with their specific evidence base and challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aswin Chari
- Developmental Neurosciences, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
- Department of Neurosurgery, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - Rachel C Thornton
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - Martin M Tisdall
- Developmental Neurosciences, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
- Department of Neurosurgery, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - Rodney C Scott
- Developmental Neurosciences, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
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Liu H, Liu X, Ding N. An Innovative in Situ Monitoring of Sulfate Reduction within a Wastewater Biofilm by H 2S and SO 42- Microsensors. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:E2023. [PMID: 32204360 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17062023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Microelectrodes can be used to obtain chemical profiles within biofilm microenvironments. For example, sulfate (SO42-) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) microelectrodes can be used to study sulfate reduction activity in this context. However, there is no SO42- microelectrode available for studying sulfate reduction in biofilms. In this study, SO42- and H2S microelectrodes were fabricated and applied in the measurement of a wastewater membrane-aerated biofilm (MAB) to investigate the in situ sulfate reduction activity. Both the SO42- and H2S microelectrodes with a tip diameter of around 20 micrometers were successfully developed and displayed satisfying selectivity to SO42- and H2S, respectively. The Nernstian slopes of calibration curves of the fabricated SO42- electrodes were close to -28.1 mV/decade, and the R2 values were greater than 98%. Within the selected concentration range from 10-5 M (0.96 mg/L) to 10-2 M (960 mg/L), the response of the SO42- microelectrode was log-linearly related to its concentration. The successfully fabricated SO42- microelectrode was combined with the existing H2S microelectrode and applied on an environmental wastewater biofilm sample to investigate the sulfate reduction activity within it. The H2S and SO42- microelectrodes showed stable responses and good performance, and the decrease of SO42- with an accompanying increased of H2S within the biofilm indicated the in situ sulfate reduction activity. The application of combined SO42- and H2S microelectrodes in wastewater biofilms could amend the current understanding of sulfate reduction and sulfur oxidation within environmental biofilms based on only H2S microelectrodes.
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Wang Y, Xu R, Chen L, Wu C, Qiu L, Windle CD, Han Q, Qu L. Hierarchical ZnO@Hybrid Carbon Core-Shell Nanowire Array on a Graphene Fiber Microelectrode for Ultrasensitive Detection of 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:8547-8554. [PMID: 32023031 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b20296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A hierarchical architecture composed of nitrogen (N)-rich carbon@graphitic carbon-coated ZnO nanowire arrays on a graphene fiber (ZnO@C/GF) was fabricated by direct growth of a ZnO@zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) core-shell nanowire array on a GF followed by annealing and used as a microelectrode for detection of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT). In such a design, ZnO accumulated TNT through a strong nitroxide-zinc interaction and ZIF-8 served as the precursor of the N-rich carbon@graphitic carbon layer that seamlessly connected ZnO with the GF to improve the poor conductivity of ZnO, thus enhancing the sensitivity of the ZnO@C/GF microelectrode. The constructed hierarchical hybrid fiber microsensor exhibited a wide linear response to TNT in a concentration range of 0.1-32.2 μM with a low detection limit of 3.3 nM. This ZnO@C/GF microelectrode was further successfully applied to the detection of TNT in lake and tap water, indicating its promise as a portable sensor for the electrochemical detection of explosive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuze Wang
- Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081 , P. R. China
| | - Ruoyu Xu
- Department of Chemical Engineering , University College London , Torrington Place , London WC1E 7JE , U.K
| | - Liwei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081 , P. R. China
| | - Chongbei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081 , P. R. China
| | - Lili Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081 , P. R. China
| | - Christopher D Windle
- Department of Chemical Engineering , University College London , Torrington Place , London WC1E 7JE , U.K
| | - Qing Han
- Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081 , P. R. China
- Department of Chemical Engineering , University College London , Torrington Place , London WC1E 7JE , U.K
| | - Liangti Qu
- Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081 , P. R. China
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