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Nakashima T, Cheniti G, Takagi T, Vlachos K, Goujeau C, André C, Krisai P, Ramirez FD, Pintican G, Kamakura T, Nakatani Y, Surget E, Roux JR, Meillet V, Carapezzi A, Tixier R, Chauvel R, Pambrun T, Duchateau J, Derval N, Pillois X, Cochet H, Hocini M, Haïssaguerre M, Jaïs P, Sacher F. Local abnormal ventricular activity detection in scar-related VT: Microelectrode versus conventional bipolar electrode. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 2021; 44:1075-1084. [PMID: 33932234 DOI: 10.1111/pace.14253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Conventional bipolar electrodes (CBE) may be suboptimal to detect local abnormal ventricular activities (LAVAs). Microelectrodes (ME) may improve the detection of LAVAs. This study sought to elucidate the detectability of LAVAs using ME compared with CBE in patients with scar-related ventricular tachycardia (VT). METHODS We included consecutive patients with structural heart disease who underwent radiofrequency catheter ablation for scar-related VT using either of the following catheters equipped with ME: QDOTTM or IntellaTip MIFITM. Detection field of LAVA potentials were classified as three types: Type 1 (both CBE and ME detected LAVA), Type 2 (CBE did not detect LAVA while ME did), and Type 3 (CBE detected LAVA while ME did not). RESULTS In 16 patients (68 ± 16 years; 14 males), 260 LAVAs electrograms (QDOT = 72; MIFI = 188) were analyzed. Type 1, type 2, and type 3 detections were 70.8% (QDOT, 69.4%; MIFI, 71.3%), 20.0% (QDOT, 23.6%; MIFI, 18.6%) and 9.2% (QDOT, 6.9%; MIFI, 10.1%), respectively. The LAVAs amplitudes detected by ME were higher than those detected by CBE in both catheters (QDOT: ME 0.79 ± 0.50 mV vs. CBE 0.41 ± 0.42 mV, p = .001; MIFI: ME 0.73 ± 0.64 mV vs. CBE 0.38 ± 0.36 mV, p < .001). CONCLUSIONS ME allow to identify 20% of LAVAs missed by CBE. ME showed higher amplitude LAVAs than CBE. However, 9.2% of LAVAs can still be missed by ME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Nakashima
- Department of Cardiac Pacing and Electrophysiology, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux University Hospital (CHU), Pessac-Bordeaux, France
| | - Ghassen Cheniti
- Department of Cardiac Pacing and Electrophysiology, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux University Hospital (CHU), Pessac-Bordeaux, France
| | - Takamitsu Takagi
- Department of Cardiac Pacing and Electrophysiology, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux University Hospital (CHU), Pessac-Bordeaux, France
| | - Konstantinos Vlachos
- Department of Cardiac Pacing and Electrophysiology, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux University Hospital (CHU), Pessac-Bordeaux, France.,Department of Cardiac Pacing and Electrophysiology, Evangelismos General Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Cyril Goujeau
- Department of Cardiac Pacing and Electrophysiology, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux University Hospital (CHU), Pessac-Bordeaux, France
| | - Clémentine André
- Department of Cardiac Pacing and Electrophysiology, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux University Hospital (CHU), Pessac-Bordeaux, France
| | - Philipp Krisai
- Department of Cardiac Pacing and Electrophysiology, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux University Hospital (CHU), Pessac-Bordeaux, France
| | - F Daniel Ramirez
- Department of Cardiac Pacing and Electrophysiology, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux University Hospital (CHU), Pessac-Bordeaux, France.,Division of Cardiology, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gabriela Pintican
- Department of Cardiac Pacing and Electrophysiology, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux University Hospital (CHU), Pessac-Bordeaux, France
| | - Tsukasa Kamakura
- Department of Cardiac Pacing and Electrophysiology, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux University Hospital (CHU), Pessac-Bordeaux, France
| | - Yosuke Nakatani
- Department of Cardiac Pacing and Electrophysiology, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux University Hospital (CHU), Pessac-Bordeaux, France
| | - Elodie Surget
- Department of Cardiac Pacing and Electrophysiology, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux University Hospital (CHU), Pessac-Bordeaux, France
| | | | | | | | - Romain Tixier
- Department of Cardiac Pacing and Electrophysiology, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux University Hospital (CHU), Pessac-Bordeaux, France
| | - Remi Chauvel
- Department of Cardiac Pacing and Electrophysiology, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux University Hospital (CHU), Pessac-Bordeaux, France
| | - Thomas Pambrun
- Department of Cardiac Pacing and Electrophysiology, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux University Hospital (CHU), Pessac-Bordeaux, France
| | - Josselin Duchateau
- Department of Cardiac Pacing and Electrophysiology, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux University Hospital (CHU), Pessac-Bordeaux, France
| | - Nicolas Derval
- Department of Cardiac Pacing and Electrophysiology, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux University Hospital (CHU), Pessac-Bordeaux, France
| | - Xavier Pillois
- Department of Cardiac Pacing and Electrophysiology, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux University Hospital (CHU), Pessac-Bordeaux, France
| | - Hubert Cochet
- Department of Cardiac Pacing and Electrophysiology, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux University Hospital (CHU), Pessac-Bordeaux, France
| | - Mélèze Hocini
- Department of Cardiac Pacing and Electrophysiology, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux University Hospital (CHU), Pessac-Bordeaux, France
| | - Michel Haïssaguerre
- Department of Cardiac Pacing and Electrophysiology, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux University Hospital (CHU), Pessac-Bordeaux, France
| | - Pierre Jaïs
- Department of Cardiac Pacing and Electrophysiology, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux University Hospital (CHU), Pessac-Bordeaux, France
| | - Frédéric Sacher
- Department of Cardiac Pacing and Electrophysiology, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux University Hospital (CHU), Pessac-Bordeaux, France
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7
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Gutbrod SR, Walton R, Gilbert S, Meillet V, Jaïs P, Hocini M, Haïssaguerre M, Dubois R, Bernus O, Efimov IR. Quantification of the transmural dynamics of atrial fibrillation by simultaneous endocardial and epicardial optical mapping in an acute sheep model. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2015; 8:456-65. [PMID: 25713215 DOI: 10.1161/circep.114.002545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Therapy strategies for atrial fibrillation based on electric characterization are becoming viable personalized medicine approaches to treat a notoriously difficult disease. In light of these approaches that rely on high-density surface mapping, this study aims to evaluate the presence of 3-dimensional electric substrate variations within the transmural wall during acute episodes of atrial fibrillation. METHODS AND RESULTS Optical signals were simultaneously acquired from the epicardial and endocardial tissue during acute fibrillation in ovine isolated left atria. Dominant frequency, regularity index, propagation angles, and phase dynamics were assessed and correlated across imaging planes to gauge the synchrony of the activation patterns compared with paced rhythms. Static frequency parameters were well correlated spatially between the endocardium and the epicardium (dominant frequency, 0.79 ± 0.06 and regularity index, 0.93 ± 0.009). However, dynamic tracking of propagation vectors and phase singularity trajectories revealed discordant activity across the transmural wall. The absolute value of the difference in the number, spatial stability, and temporal stability of phase singularities between the epicardial and the endocardial planes was significantly >0 with a median difference of 1.0, 9.27%, and 19.75%, respectively. The number of wavefronts with respect to time was significantly less correlated and the difference in propagation angle was significantly larger in fibrillation compared with paced rhythms. CONCLUSIONS Atrial fibrillation substrates are dynamic 3-dimensional structures with a range of discordance between the epicardial and the endocardial tissue. The results of this study suggest that transmural propagation may play a role in atrial fibrillation maintenance mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah R Gutbrod
- From the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in Saint Louis, MO (S.R.G., I.R.E.); L'Institut de Rythmologie et Modélisation Cardiaque LIRYC, Université de Bordeaux, France (S.R.G., R.W., S.G., V.M., P.J., M.H., M.H., R.D., O.B., I.R.E.); Inserm, Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux U1045, Bordeaux, France (R.W., V.M., P.J., M.H., M.H., R.D., O.B.); Université de Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux U1045, Bordeaux, France (R.W., V.M., P.J., M.H., M.H., R.D., O.B.); CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital du Haut Lévêque, Pessac, France (V.M., P.J., M.H., M.H.); and Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany (S.G.)
| | - Richard Walton
- From the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in Saint Louis, MO (S.R.G., I.R.E.); L'Institut de Rythmologie et Modélisation Cardiaque LIRYC, Université de Bordeaux, France (S.R.G., R.W., S.G., V.M., P.J., M.H., M.H., R.D., O.B., I.R.E.); Inserm, Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux U1045, Bordeaux, France (R.W., V.M., P.J., M.H., M.H., R.D., O.B.); Université de Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux U1045, Bordeaux, France (R.W., V.M., P.J., M.H., M.H., R.D., O.B.); CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital du Haut Lévêque, Pessac, France (V.M., P.J., M.H., M.H.); and Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany (S.G.)
| | - Stephen Gilbert
- From the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in Saint Louis, MO (S.R.G., I.R.E.); L'Institut de Rythmologie et Modélisation Cardiaque LIRYC, Université de Bordeaux, France (S.R.G., R.W., S.G., V.M., P.J., M.H., M.H., R.D., O.B., I.R.E.); Inserm, Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux U1045, Bordeaux, France (R.W., V.M., P.J., M.H., M.H., R.D., O.B.); Université de Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux U1045, Bordeaux, France (R.W., V.M., P.J., M.H., M.H., R.D., O.B.); CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital du Haut Lévêque, Pessac, France (V.M., P.J., M.H., M.H.); and Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany (S.G.)
| | - Valentin Meillet
- From the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in Saint Louis, MO (S.R.G., I.R.E.); L'Institut de Rythmologie et Modélisation Cardiaque LIRYC, Université de Bordeaux, France (S.R.G., R.W., S.G., V.M., P.J., M.H., M.H., R.D., O.B., I.R.E.); Inserm, Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux U1045, Bordeaux, France (R.W., V.M., P.J., M.H., M.H., R.D., O.B.); Université de Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux U1045, Bordeaux, France (R.W., V.M., P.J., M.H., M.H., R.D., O.B.); CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital du Haut Lévêque, Pessac, France (V.M., P.J., M.H., M.H.); and Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany (S.G.)
| | - Pierre Jaïs
- From the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in Saint Louis, MO (S.R.G., I.R.E.); L'Institut de Rythmologie et Modélisation Cardiaque LIRYC, Université de Bordeaux, France (S.R.G., R.W., S.G., V.M., P.J., M.H., M.H., R.D., O.B., I.R.E.); Inserm, Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux U1045, Bordeaux, France (R.W., V.M., P.J., M.H., M.H., R.D., O.B.); Université de Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux U1045, Bordeaux, France (R.W., V.M., P.J., M.H., M.H., R.D., O.B.); CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital du Haut Lévêque, Pessac, France (V.M., P.J., M.H., M.H.); and Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany (S.G.)
| | - Mélèze Hocini
- From the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in Saint Louis, MO (S.R.G., I.R.E.); L'Institut de Rythmologie et Modélisation Cardiaque LIRYC, Université de Bordeaux, France (S.R.G., R.W., S.G., V.M., P.J., M.H., M.H., R.D., O.B., I.R.E.); Inserm, Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux U1045, Bordeaux, France (R.W., V.M., P.J., M.H., M.H., R.D., O.B.); Université de Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux U1045, Bordeaux, France (R.W., V.M., P.J., M.H., M.H., R.D., O.B.); CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital du Haut Lévêque, Pessac, France (V.M., P.J., M.H., M.H.); and Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany (S.G.)
| | - Michel Haïssaguerre
- From the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in Saint Louis, MO (S.R.G., I.R.E.); L'Institut de Rythmologie et Modélisation Cardiaque LIRYC, Université de Bordeaux, France (S.R.G., R.W., S.G., V.M., P.J., M.H., M.H., R.D., O.B., I.R.E.); Inserm, Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux U1045, Bordeaux, France (R.W., V.M., P.J., M.H., M.H., R.D., O.B.); Université de Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux U1045, Bordeaux, France (R.W., V.M., P.J., M.H., M.H., R.D., O.B.); CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital du Haut Lévêque, Pessac, France (V.M., P.J., M.H., M.H.); and Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany (S.G.)
| | - Rémi Dubois
- From the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in Saint Louis, MO (S.R.G., I.R.E.); L'Institut de Rythmologie et Modélisation Cardiaque LIRYC, Université de Bordeaux, France (S.R.G., R.W., S.G., V.M., P.J., M.H., M.H., R.D., O.B., I.R.E.); Inserm, Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux U1045, Bordeaux, France (R.W., V.M., P.J., M.H., M.H., R.D., O.B.); Université de Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux U1045, Bordeaux, France (R.W., V.M., P.J., M.H., M.H., R.D., O.B.); CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital du Haut Lévêque, Pessac, France (V.M., P.J., M.H., M.H.); and Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany (S.G.)
| | - Olivier Bernus
- From the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in Saint Louis, MO (S.R.G., I.R.E.); L'Institut de Rythmologie et Modélisation Cardiaque LIRYC, Université de Bordeaux, France (S.R.G., R.W., S.G., V.M., P.J., M.H., M.H., R.D., O.B., I.R.E.); Inserm, Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux U1045, Bordeaux, France (R.W., V.M., P.J., M.H., M.H., R.D., O.B.); Université de Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux U1045, Bordeaux, France (R.W., V.M., P.J., M.H., M.H., R.D., O.B.); CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital du Haut Lévêque, Pessac, France (V.M., P.J., M.H., M.H.); and Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany (S.G.)
| | - Igor R Efimov
- From the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in Saint Louis, MO (S.R.G., I.R.E.); L'Institut de Rythmologie et Modélisation Cardiaque LIRYC, Université de Bordeaux, France (S.R.G., R.W., S.G., V.M., P.J., M.H., M.H., R.D., O.B., I.R.E.); Inserm, Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux U1045, Bordeaux, France (R.W., V.M., P.J., M.H., M.H., R.D., O.B.); Université de Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux U1045, Bordeaux, France (R.W., V.M., P.J., M.H., M.H., R.D., O.B.); CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital du Haut Lévêque, Pessac, France (V.M., P.J., M.H., M.H.); and Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany (S.G.).
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9
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Haissaguerre M, Hocini M, Denis A, Shah AJ, Komatsu Y, Yamashita S, Daly M, Amraoui S, Zellerhoff S, Picat MQ, Quotb A, Jesel L, Lim H, Ploux S, Bordachar P, Attuel G, Meillet V, Ritter P, Derval N, Sacher F, Bernus O, Cochet H, Jais P, Dubois R. Driver Domains in Persistent Atrial Fibrillation. Circulation 2014; 130:530-8. [PMID: 25028391 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.113.005421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 509] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michel Haissaguerre
- From the Hôpital Cardiologique du Haut-Lévêque, CHU Bordeaux, Université de Bordeaux, France (M. Haissaguerre, M. Hocini, A.D., A.J.S., Y.K., S.Y., M.D., S.A., S.Z., L.J., H.L., S.P., P.B., P.R., N.D., F.S., H.C., P.J.); INSERM U897 – ISPED-Epidémiologie-Biostatistique, Bordeaux, France (M.-Q.P.); and INSERM U1045 –LIRYC L’Institut de Rythmologie et Modélisation Cardiaque, Bordeaux, France (A.Q., G.A., V.M., O.B., R.D.)
| | - Meleze Hocini
- From the Hôpital Cardiologique du Haut-Lévêque, CHU Bordeaux, Université de Bordeaux, France (M. Haissaguerre, M. Hocini, A.D., A.J.S., Y.K., S.Y., M.D., S.A., S.Z., L.J., H.L., S.P., P.B., P.R., N.D., F.S., H.C., P.J.); INSERM U897 – ISPED-Epidémiologie-Biostatistique, Bordeaux, France (M.-Q.P.); and INSERM U1045 –LIRYC L’Institut de Rythmologie et Modélisation Cardiaque, Bordeaux, France (A.Q., G.A., V.M., O.B., R.D.)
| | - Arnaud Denis
- From the Hôpital Cardiologique du Haut-Lévêque, CHU Bordeaux, Université de Bordeaux, France (M. Haissaguerre, M. Hocini, A.D., A.J.S., Y.K., S.Y., M.D., S.A., S.Z., L.J., H.L., S.P., P.B., P.R., N.D., F.S., H.C., P.J.); INSERM U897 – ISPED-Epidémiologie-Biostatistique, Bordeaux, France (M.-Q.P.); and INSERM U1045 –LIRYC L’Institut de Rythmologie et Modélisation Cardiaque, Bordeaux, France (A.Q., G.A., V.M., O.B., R.D.)
| | - Ashok J. Shah
- From the Hôpital Cardiologique du Haut-Lévêque, CHU Bordeaux, Université de Bordeaux, France (M. Haissaguerre, M. Hocini, A.D., A.J.S., Y.K., S.Y., M.D., S.A., S.Z., L.J., H.L., S.P., P.B., P.R., N.D., F.S., H.C., P.J.); INSERM U897 – ISPED-Epidémiologie-Biostatistique, Bordeaux, France (M.-Q.P.); and INSERM U1045 –LIRYC L’Institut de Rythmologie et Modélisation Cardiaque, Bordeaux, France (A.Q., G.A., V.M., O.B., R.D.)
| | - Yuki Komatsu
- From the Hôpital Cardiologique du Haut-Lévêque, CHU Bordeaux, Université de Bordeaux, France (M. Haissaguerre, M. Hocini, A.D., A.J.S., Y.K., S.Y., M.D., S.A., S.Z., L.J., H.L., S.P., P.B., P.R., N.D., F.S., H.C., P.J.); INSERM U897 – ISPED-Epidémiologie-Biostatistique, Bordeaux, France (M.-Q.P.); and INSERM U1045 –LIRYC L’Institut de Rythmologie et Modélisation Cardiaque, Bordeaux, France (A.Q., G.A., V.M., O.B., R.D.)
| | - Seigo Yamashita
- From the Hôpital Cardiologique du Haut-Lévêque, CHU Bordeaux, Université de Bordeaux, France (M. Haissaguerre, M. Hocini, A.D., A.J.S., Y.K., S.Y., M.D., S.A., S.Z., L.J., H.L., S.P., P.B., P.R., N.D., F.S., H.C., P.J.); INSERM U897 – ISPED-Epidémiologie-Biostatistique, Bordeaux, France (M.-Q.P.); and INSERM U1045 –LIRYC L’Institut de Rythmologie et Modélisation Cardiaque, Bordeaux, France (A.Q., G.A., V.M., O.B., R.D.)
| | - Matthew Daly
- From the Hôpital Cardiologique du Haut-Lévêque, CHU Bordeaux, Université de Bordeaux, France (M. Haissaguerre, M. Hocini, A.D., A.J.S., Y.K., S.Y., M.D., S.A., S.Z., L.J., H.L., S.P., P.B., P.R., N.D., F.S., H.C., P.J.); INSERM U897 – ISPED-Epidémiologie-Biostatistique, Bordeaux, France (M.-Q.P.); and INSERM U1045 –LIRYC L’Institut de Rythmologie et Modélisation Cardiaque, Bordeaux, France (A.Q., G.A., V.M., O.B., R.D.)
| | - Sana Amraoui
- From the Hôpital Cardiologique du Haut-Lévêque, CHU Bordeaux, Université de Bordeaux, France (M. Haissaguerre, M. Hocini, A.D., A.J.S., Y.K., S.Y., M.D., S.A., S.Z., L.J., H.L., S.P., P.B., P.R., N.D., F.S., H.C., P.J.); INSERM U897 – ISPED-Epidémiologie-Biostatistique, Bordeaux, France (M.-Q.P.); and INSERM U1045 –LIRYC L’Institut de Rythmologie et Modélisation Cardiaque, Bordeaux, France (A.Q., G.A., V.M., O.B., R.D.)
| | - Stephan Zellerhoff
- From the Hôpital Cardiologique du Haut-Lévêque, CHU Bordeaux, Université de Bordeaux, France (M. Haissaguerre, M. Hocini, A.D., A.J.S., Y.K., S.Y., M.D., S.A., S.Z., L.J., H.L., S.P., P.B., P.R., N.D., F.S., H.C., P.J.); INSERM U897 – ISPED-Epidémiologie-Biostatistique, Bordeaux, France (M.-Q.P.); and INSERM U1045 –LIRYC L’Institut de Rythmologie et Modélisation Cardiaque, Bordeaux, France (A.Q., G.A., V.M., O.B., R.D.)
| | - Marie-Quitterie Picat
- From the Hôpital Cardiologique du Haut-Lévêque, CHU Bordeaux, Université de Bordeaux, France (M. Haissaguerre, M. Hocini, A.D., A.J.S., Y.K., S.Y., M.D., S.A., S.Z., L.J., H.L., S.P., P.B., P.R., N.D., F.S., H.C., P.J.); INSERM U897 – ISPED-Epidémiologie-Biostatistique, Bordeaux, France (M.-Q.P.); and INSERM U1045 –LIRYC L’Institut de Rythmologie et Modélisation Cardiaque, Bordeaux, France (A.Q., G.A., V.M., O.B., R.D.)
| | - Adam Quotb
- From the Hôpital Cardiologique du Haut-Lévêque, CHU Bordeaux, Université de Bordeaux, France (M. Haissaguerre, M. Hocini, A.D., A.J.S., Y.K., S.Y., M.D., S.A., S.Z., L.J., H.L., S.P., P.B., P.R., N.D., F.S., H.C., P.J.); INSERM U897 – ISPED-Epidémiologie-Biostatistique, Bordeaux, France (M.-Q.P.); and INSERM U1045 –LIRYC L’Institut de Rythmologie et Modélisation Cardiaque, Bordeaux, France (A.Q., G.A., V.M., O.B., R.D.)
| | - Laurence Jesel
- From the Hôpital Cardiologique du Haut-Lévêque, CHU Bordeaux, Université de Bordeaux, France (M. Haissaguerre, M. Hocini, A.D., A.J.S., Y.K., S.Y., M.D., S.A., S.Z., L.J., H.L., S.P., P.B., P.R., N.D., F.S., H.C., P.J.); INSERM U897 – ISPED-Epidémiologie-Biostatistique, Bordeaux, France (M.-Q.P.); and INSERM U1045 –LIRYC L’Institut de Rythmologie et Modélisation Cardiaque, Bordeaux, France (A.Q., G.A., V.M., O.B., R.D.)
| | - Han Lim
- From the Hôpital Cardiologique du Haut-Lévêque, CHU Bordeaux, Université de Bordeaux, France (M. Haissaguerre, M. Hocini, A.D., A.J.S., Y.K., S.Y., M.D., S.A., S.Z., L.J., H.L., S.P., P.B., P.R., N.D., F.S., H.C., P.J.); INSERM U897 – ISPED-Epidémiologie-Biostatistique, Bordeaux, France (M.-Q.P.); and INSERM U1045 –LIRYC L’Institut de Rythmologie et Modélisation Cardiaque, Bordeaux, France (A.Q., G.A., V.M., O.B., R.D.)
| | - Sylvain Ploux
- From the Hôpital Cardiologique du Haut-Lévêque, CHU Bordeaux, Université de Bordeaux, France (M. Haissaguerre, M. Hocini, A.D., A.J.S., Y.K., S.Y., M.D., S.A., S.Z., L.J., H.L., S.P., P.B., P.R., N.D., F.S., H.C., P.J.); INSERM U897 – ISPED-Epidémiologie-Biostatistique, Bordeaux, France (M.-Q.P.); and INSERM U1045 –LIRYC L’Institut de Rythmologie et Modélisation Cardiaque, Bordeaux, France (A.Q., G.A., V.M., O.B., R.D.)
| | - Pierre Bordachar
- From the Hôpital Cardiologique du Haut-Lévêque, CHU Bordeaux, Université de Bordeaux, France (M. Haissaguerre, M. Hocini, A.D., A.J.S., Y.K., S.Y., M.D., S.A., S.Z., L.J., H.L., S.P., P.B., P.R., N.D., F.S., H.C., P.J.); INSERM U897 – ISPED-Epidémiologie-Biostatistique, Bordeaux, France (M.-Q.P.); and INSERM U1045 –LIRYC L’Institut de Rythmologie et Modélisation Cardiaque, Bordeaux, France (A.Q., G.A., V.M., O.B., R.D.)
| | - Guillaume Attuel
- From the Hôpital Cardiologique du Haut-Lévêque, CHU Bordeaux, Université de Bordeaux, France (M. Haissaguerre, M. Hocini, A.D., A.J.S., Y.K., S.Y., M.D., S.A., S.Z., L.J., H.L., S.P., P.B., P.R., N.D., F.S., H.C., P.J.); INSERM U897 – ISPED-Epidémiologie-Biostatistique, Bordeaux, France (M.-Q.P.); and INSERM U1045 –LIRYC L’Institut de Rythmologie et Modélisation Cardiaque, Bordeaux, France (A.Q., G.A., V.M., O.B., R.D.)
| | - Valentin Meillet
- From the Hôpital Cardiologique du Haut-Lévêque, CHU Bordeaux, Université de Bordeaux, France (M. Haissaguerre, M. Hocini, A.D., A.J.S., Y.K., S.Y., M.D., S.A., S.Z., L.J., H.L., S.P., P.B., P.R., N.D., F.S., H.C., P.J.); INSERM U897 – ISPED-Epidémiologie-Biostatistique, Bordeaux, France (M.-Q.P.); and INSERM U1045 –LIRYC L’Institut de Rythmologie et Modélisation Cardiaque, Bordeaux, France (A.Q., G.A., V.M., O.B., R.D.)
| | - Philippe Ritter
- From the Hôpital Cardiologique du Haut-Lévêque, CHU Bordeaux, Université de Bordeaux, France (M. Haissaguerre, M. Hocini, A.D., A.J.S., Y.K., S.Y., M.D., S.A., S.Z., L.J., H.L., S.P., P.B., P.R., N.D., F.S., H.C., P.J.); INSERM U897 – ISPED-Epidémiologie-Biostatistique, Bordeaux, France (M.-Q.P.); and INSERM U1045 –LIRYC L’Institut de Rythmologie et Modélisation Cardiaque, Bordeaux, France (A.Q., G.A., V.M., O.B., R.D.)
| | - Nicolas Derval
- From the Hôpital Cardiologique du Haut-Lévêque, CHU Bordeaux, Université de Bordeaux, France (M. Haissaguerre, M. Hocini, A.D., A.J.S., Y.K., S.Y., M.D., S.A., S.Z., L.J., H.L., S.P., P.B., P.R., N.D., F.S., H.C., P.J.); INSERM U897 – ISPED-Epidémiologie-Biostatistique, Bordeaux, France (M.-Q.P.); and INSERM U1045 –LIRYC L’Institut de Rythmologie et Modélisation Cardiaque, Bordeaux, France (A.Q., G.A., V.M., O.B., R.D.)
| | - Frederic Sacher
- From the Hôpital Cardiologique du Haut-Lévêque, CHU Bordeaux, Université de Bordeaux, France (M. Haissaguerre, M. Hocini, A.D., A.J.S., Y.K., S.Y., M.D., S.A., S.Z., L.J., H.L., S.P., P.B., P.R., N.D., F.S., H.C., P.J.); INSERM U897 – ISPED-Epidémiologie-Biostatistique, Bordeaux, France (M.-Q.P.); and INSERM U1045 –LIRYC L’Institut de Rythmologie et Modélisation Cardiaque, Bordeaux, France (A.Q., G.A., V.M., O.B., R.D.)
| | - Olivier Bernus
- From the Hôpital Cardiologique du Haut-Lévêque, CHU Bordeaux, Université de Bordeaux, France (M. Haissaguerre, M. Hocini, A.D., A.J.S., Y.K., S.Y., M.D., S.A., S.Z., L.J., H.L., S.P., P.B., P.R., N.D., F.S., H.C., P.J.); INSERM U897 – ISPED-Epidémiologie-Biostatistique, Bordeaux, France (M.-Q.P.); and INSERM U1045 –LIRYC L’Institut de Rythmologie et Modélisation Cardiaque, Bordeaux, France (A.Q., G.A., V.M., O.B., R.D.)
| | - Hubert Cochet
- From the Hôpital Cardiologique du Haut-Lévêque, CHU Bordeaux, Université de Bordeaux, France (M. Haissaguerre, M. Hocini, A.D., A.J.S., Y.K., S.Y., M.D., S.A., S.Z., L.J., H.L., S.P., P.B., P.R., N.D., F.S., H.C., P.J.); INSERM U897 – ISPED-Epidémiologie-Biostatistique, Bordeaux, France (M.-Q.P.); and INSERM U1045 –LIRYC L’Institut de Rythmologie et Modélisation Cardiaque, Bordeaux, France (A.Q., G.A., V.M., O.B., R.D.)
| | - Pierre Jais
- From the Hôpital Cardiologique du Haut-Lévêque, CHU Bordeaux, Université de Bordeaux, France (M. Haissaguerre, M. Hocini, A.D., A.J.S., Y.K., S.Y., M.D., S.A., S.Z., L.J., H.L., S.P., P.B., P.R., N.D., F.S., H.C., P.J.); INSERM U897 – ISPED-Epidémiologie-Biostatistique, Bordeaux, France (M.-Q.P.); and INSERM U1045 –LIRYC L’Institut de Rythmologie et Modélisation Cardiaque, Bordeaux, France (A.Q., G.A., V.M., O.B., R.D.)
| | - Remi Dubois
- From the Hôpital Cardiologique du Haut-Lévêque, CHU Bordeaux, Université de Bordeaux, France (M. Haissaguerre, M. Hocini, A.D., A.J.S., Y.K., S.Y., M.D., S.A., S.Z., L.J., H.L., S.P., P.B., P.R., N.D., F.S., H.C., P.J.); INSERM U897 – ISPED-Epidémiologie-Biostatistique, Bordeaux, France (M.-Q.P.); and INSERM U1045 –LIRYC L’Institut de Rythmologie et Modélisation Cardiaque, Bordeaux, France (A.Q., G.A., V.M., O.B., R.D.)
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