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Servarayan KL, Sundaram E, Velayutham K, Aravind MK, Sundarapandi M, Ashokkumar B, Sivasamy VV. Simple enzyme based fluorimetric biosensor for urea in human biofluids. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 315:124271. [PMID: 38613899 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
As an important biomarker for renal related diseases, detection of urea is playing a vital role in human biofluids on clinical diagnosis concern. In this work, a synthetic salicyaldehyde based imine fluorophore was synthesized using sonication method and conjugated with urease which was used as fluorescent biosensor for the detection of urea in serum samples. This enzyme based biosensor has shown a good selectivity and sensitivity towards urea with the linear range from 2 to 80 mM and the detection limit of 73 µM. The sensing response obtain is highly agreeing with existing analytical technique for urea detection which strongly recommends this biosensor for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthika Lakshmi Servarayan
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai 625 021, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Ellairaja Sundaram
- Department of Chemistry, Vivekananda College, Tiruvedakam West, Madurai 625 234, Tamilnadu, India
| | | | - Manikka Kubendran Aravind
- Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai 625 021, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Manickam Sundarapandi
- Advanced Photonics Research Institute, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, South Korea
| | - Balasubramaniem Ashokkumar
- Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai 625 021, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Vasantha Vairathevar Sivasamy
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai 625 021, Tamilnadu, India.
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Chang C, Lee CY, Tai NH. Human Exhalation CO 2 Sensor Based on the PEI-PEG/ZnO/NUNCD/Si Heterojunction Electrode. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:15657-15665. [PMID: 35571773 PMCID: PMC9097207 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c00479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Gas sensors based on semiconductors have outstanding sensitivity compared with the oxide-based devices; however, the high operation temperature greatly hinders its development in practical applications. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, and the patients with severe COPD with or without exacerbation tend to have airflow obstruction, which results in an increase of CO2 concentration and subsequent hypercapnic respiratory failure. At present, COPD detection relies on professional operation; however, the patients suffer great discomfort during the arterial blood sampling. All these facts reduce patient's willingness to test their physical health. Thus, noninvasive monitoring of CO2 levels is crucial for the early diagnosis of high-risk COPD patients. A nitrogen-incorporated ultrananocrystalline diamond (NUNCD) film exhibits excellent properties in biosensing and polyetherimide-polyethylene glycol (PEI-PEG) polymer possesses a great capability of CO2 capturing. By incorporating NUNCD into PEI-PEG film, this work focuses on ameliorating the sensitivity and selectivity of the present semiconductor CO2 sensor. From the theoretical regression analyses of the experimental results, it is found that the excellent performance of the PEI-PEG/ZnO/NUNCD/Si electrode is contributed by two main reaction layers, the adsorption layer (PEI-PEG) and the electric transfer layer (ZnO/NUNCD). The selectivity is dominated by the PEI-PEG adsorption layer and the sensitivity is directly related to the changes in the work function of the ZnO/NUNCD interface. The high aspect ratio (>10) of the flower-like ZnO structure, growth from ZnO nanoparticles, can provide a more active adsorption area, as a result, extremely enhancing the sensitivity of the CO2 sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching Chang
- Department of Materials Science and
Engineering, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Young Lee
- Department of Materials Science and
Engineering, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Nyan-Hwa Tai
- Department of Materials Science and
Engineering, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
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3
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Integrated hand-held electrochemical sensor for multicomponent detection in urine. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 193:113534. [PMID: 34343935 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical sensors have shown great advantage and application potential in point-of-care testing (POCT) related scenarios. However, some fatal problems plague its widespread utilization, which include the susceptibility of sensors to interference in real samples (e.g. pH), the contradiction between the limited objects detectable for most sensors and the requirement of multi-target analysis in most cases, and the complicated procedures in sensor preparation as well as in routine use. This paper contributed a tip-like electrochemical sensor prototype. By integrated with a commercial pipettor, it fulfilled semi-automatic assay procedure of sampling, detection and rinsing, thus saving operational time and manual work. The tip sensor owns the property of simple fabrication and is free from any modification of extra bio/chem materials. Moreover, built on multiple electrochemical signal outputs including open circuit potential, peak current and potential of specific electrochemical reaction, this work established a novel multi-component sensing strategy, wherein detection of uric acid (UA), urea and pH in urine samples was realized by using one single working electrode. The detection range for the above targets is 5.0~600 μM for UA, 4.0~8.0 for pH and 0.5~7.0 mM for urea with the detection limits (S/N = 3) of 0.05 μM for UA and 5.4 μM for urea, and the sensitivity of pH assay is 73 mV/pH. Notably, as variation of sample pH has impact on electrochemical analysis, the pH-related parameter was introduced for calibration to diminish such interference. The developed tip sensor and the novel sensing strategy may open a new window for electrochemical technology and broaden its application in POCT.
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4
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Ni-P nanostructures on flexible paper for morphology effect of nonenzymatic electrocatalysis for urea. Electrochim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.134586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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5
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Panwar N, Soehartono AM, Chan KK, Zeng S, Xu G, Qu J, Coquet P, Yong KT, Chen X. Nanocarbons for Biology and Medicine: Sensing, Imaging, and Drug Delivery. Chem Rev 2019; 119:9559-9656. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nishtha Panwar
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Alana Mauluidy Soehartono
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Kok Ken Chan
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Shuwen Zeng
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
- CINTRA CNRS/NTU/THALES, UMI 3288, Research Techno Plaza, 50 Nanyang Drive, Border X Block, Singapore 637553, Singapore
| | - Gaixia Xu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education/Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
| | - Junle Qu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education/Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
| | - Philippe Coquet
- CINTRA CNRS/NTU/THALES, UMI 3288, Research Techno Plaza, 50 Nanyang Drive, Border X Block, Singapore 637553, Singapore
- Institut d’Electronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie (IEMN), CNRS UMR 8520—Université de Lille, 59650 Villeneuve d’Ascq, France
| | - Ken-Tye Yong
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
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Deshmukh S, Sankaran KJ, Korneychuk S, Verbeeck J, Mclaughlin J, Haenen K, Roy SS. Nanostructured nitrogen doped diamond for the detection of toxic metal ions. Electrochim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.07.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Tran TQN, Yoon SW, Park BJ, Yoon HH. CeO2-modified LaNi0.6Fe0.4O3 perovskite and MWCNT nanocomposite for electrocatalytic oxidation and detection of urea. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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8
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A glassy carbon electrode modified with carbon nanotubes and reduced graphene oxide decorated with platinum-gold nanoparticles for voltammetric aptasensing of urea. Mikrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-017-2494-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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9
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Anderson DE, Balapangu S, Fleischer HNA, Viade RA, Krampa FD, Kanyong P, Awandare GA, Tiburu EK. Investigating the Influence of Temperature on the Kaolinite-Base Synthesis of Zeolite and Urease Immobilization for the Potential Fabrication of Electrochemical Urea Biosensors. SENSORS 2017; 17:s17081831. [PMID: 28786961 PMCID: PMC5579837 DOI: 10.3390/s17081831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Revised: 07/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Temperature-dependent zeolite synthesis has revealed a unique surface morphology, surface area and pore size which influence the immobilization of urease on gold electrode supports for biosensor fabrication. XRD characterization has identified zeolite X (Na) at all crystallization temperatures tested. However, N2 adsorption and desorption results showed a pore size and pore volume of zeolite X (Na) 60 °C, zeolite X (Na) 70 °C and zeolite X (Na) 90 °C to range from 1.92 nm to 2.45 nm and 0.012 cm3/g to 0.061 cm3/g, respectively, with no significant differences. The specific surface area of zeolite X (Na) at 60, 70 and 90 °C was 64 m2/g, 67 m2/g and 113 m2/g, respectively. The pore size, specific surface area and pore volumes of zeolite X (Na) 80 °C and zeolite X (Na) 100 °C were dramatically increased to 4.21 nm, 295 m2/g, 0.762 cm3/g and 4.92 nm, 389 m2/g, 0.837 cm3/g, in that order. The analytical performance of adsorbed urease on zeolite X (Na) surface was also investigated using cyclic voltammetry measurements, and the results showed distinct cathodic and anodic peaks by zeolite X (Na) 80 °C and zeolite X (Na) 100 °C. These zeolites’ molar conductance was measured as a function of urea concentration and gave an average polynomial regression fit of 0.948. The findings in this study suggest that certain physicochemical properties, such as crystallization temperature and pH, are critical parameters for improving the morphological properties of zeolites synthesized from natural sources for various biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Ebo Anderson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Ghana, P. O. Box LG 25, Legon, Accra, Ghana.
| | - Srinivasan Balapangu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Ghana, P. O. Box LG 25, Legon, Accra, Ghana.
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, University of Ghana, P. O. Box LG 25, Legon, Accra, Ghana.
| | - Heidimarie N A Fleischer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Ghana, P. O. Box LG 25, Legon, Accra, Ghana.
| | - Ruth A Viade
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Ghana, P. O. Box LG 25, Legon, Accra, Ghana.
| | - Francis D Krampa
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, University of Ghana, P. O. Box LG 25, Legon, Accra, Ghana.
| | - Prosper Kanyong
- School of Engineering, Ulster University, Jordanstown BT37 0QB, UK.
| | - Gordon A Awandare
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Ghana, P. O. Box LG 25, Legon, Accra, Ghana.
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, University of Ghana, P. O. Box LG 25, Legon, Accra, Ghana.
| | - Elvis K Tiburu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Ghana, P. O. Box LG 25, Legon, Accra, Ghana.
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, University of Ghana, P. O. Box LG 25, Legon, Accra, Ghana.
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Bhattacharya G, Jothiramalingam Sankaran K, Srivastava SB, Thomas JP, Deshmukh S, Pobedinskas P, Singh SP, Leung KT, Van Bael MK, Haenen K, Roy SS. Probing the flat band potential and effective electronic carrier density in vertically aligned nitrogen doped diamond nanorods via electrochemical method. Electrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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11
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Siuzdak K, Ficek M, Sobaszek M, Ryl J, Gnyba M, Niedziałkowski P, Malinowska N, Karczewski J, Bogdanowicz R. Boron-Enhanced Growth of Micron-Scale Carbon-Based Nanowalls: A Route toward High Rates of Electrochemical Biosensing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:12982-12992. [PMID: 28345350 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b16860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we have demonstrated the fabrication of novel materials called boron-doped carbon nanowalls (B:CNWs), which are characterized by remarkable electrochemical properties such as high standard rate constant (k°), low peak-to-peak separation value (ΔE) for the oxidation and reduction processes of the [Fe(CN)6]3-/4- redox system, and low surface resistivity. The B:CNW samples were deposited by the microwave plasma-assisted chemical vapor deposition (CVD) using a gas mixture of H2/CH4/B2H6 and N2. Growth results in sharp-edged, flat, and long CNWs rich in sp2 as well as sp3 hybridized phases. The achieved high values of k° (1.1 × 10-2 cm s-1) and ΔE (85 mV) are much lower compared to those of the glassy carbon or undoped CNWs. The enhanced electrochemical performance of the B:CNW electrode facilitates the simultaneous detection of DNA purine bases: adenine and guanine. Both separated oxidation peaks for the independent determination of guanine and adenine were observed by means of cyclic voltammetry or differential pulse voltammetry. It is worth noting that the determined sensitivities and the current densities were about 1 order of magnitude higher than those registered by other electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Siuzdak
- Centre for Plasma and Laser Engineering, The Szewalski Institute of Fluid-Flow Machinery, Polish Academy of Sciences , 14 Fiszera Street, 80-231 Gdansk, Poland
| | | | | | | | | | - Paweł Niedziałkowski
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk , 63 Wita Stwosza Street, 80-952 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Natalia Malinowska
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk , 63 Wita Stwosza Street, 80-952 Gdansk, Poland
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Das J, Sarkar P. Enzymatic electrochemical biosensor for urea with a polyaniline grafted conducting hydrogel composite modified electrode. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra12159d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A new conducting polymer hydrogel (CPH) comprising polyaniline grafted polyvinyl alcohol–polyacrylamide ensured high enzyme loading and urea sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyati Das
- Biosensor Laboratory
- Department of Polymer Science and Technology
- University of Calcutta
- Kolkata-700009
- India
| | - Priyabrata Sarkar
- Biosensor Laboratory
- Department of Polymer Science and Technology
- University of Calcutta
- Kolkata-700009
- India
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Somturk B, Yilmaz I, Altinkaynak C, Karatepe A, Özdemir N, Ocsoy I. Synthesis of urease hybrid nanoflowers and their enhanced catalytic properties. Enzyme Microb Technol 2015; 86:134-42. [PMID: 26992802 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2015.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Increasing numbers of materials have been extensively used as platforms for enzyme immobilization to enhance catalytic activity and stability. Although stability of enzyme was accomplished with immobilization approaches, activity of the most of the enzymes was declined after immobilization. Herein, we synthesize the flower shaped-hybrid nanomaterials called hybrid nanoflower (HNF) consisting of urease enzyme and copper ions (Cu(2+)) and report a mechanistic elucidation of enhancement in both activity and stability of the HNF. We demonstrated how experimental factors influence morphology of the HNF. We proved that the HNF (synthesized from 0.02mgmL(-1) urease in 10mM PBS (pH 7.4) at +4°C) exhibited the highest catalytic activity of ∼2000% and ∼4000% when stored at +4°C and RT, respectively compared to free urease. The highest stability was also achieved by this HNF by maintaining 96.3% and 90.28% of its initial activity within storage of 30 days at +4°C and RT, respectively. This dramatically enhanced activity is attributed to high surface area, nanoscale-entrapped urease and favorable urease conformation of the HNF. The exceptional catalytic activity and stability properties of HNF can be taken advantage of to use it in fields of biomedicine and chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcu Somturk
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Turkey
| | - Ismail Yilmaz
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Turkey
| | - Cevahir Altinkaynak
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erciyes University, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey; Nanotechnology Research Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Turkey
| | - Aslıhan Karatepe
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science, Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli University, 50300 Nevşehir, Turkey
| | - Nalan Özdemir
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Turkey.
| | - Ismail Ocsoy
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erciyes University, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey; Nanotechnology Research Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Turkey.
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Preparation of the carboxylic acid-functionalized graphene oxide/gold nanoparticles/5-amino-2-hydroxybenzoic acid as a novel electrochemical sensing platform. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-015-1527-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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15
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Wang G, Uyama H. Reactive poly(ethylene-co-vinyl alcohol) monoliths with tunable pore morphology for enzyme immobilization. Colloid Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-015-3637-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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16
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Highly sensitive enzymatic determination of urea based on the pH-dependence of the fluorescence of graphene quantum dots. Mikrochim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-015-1469-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Liu Q, Fei A, Huan J, Mao H, Wang K. Effective amperometric biosensor for carbaryl detection based on covalent immobilization acetylcholinesterase on multiwall carbon nanotubes/graphene oxide nanoribbons nanostructure. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2014.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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