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Bao Y, Oluwafemi A. Recent advances in surface modified gold nanorods and their improved sensing performance. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:469-481. [PMID: 38105689 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc04056a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Gold nanorods (AuNRs) have received tremendous attention recently in the fields of sensing and detection applications due to their unique characteristic of surface plasmon resonance. Surface modification of the AuNRs is a necessary path to effectively utilize their properties for these applications. In this Article, we have focused both on demonstrating the recent advances in methods for surface functionalization of AuNRs as well as their use for improved sensing performance using various techniques. The main surface modification methods discussed include ligand exchange with the assistance of a thiol-group, the layer by layer assembly method, and depositing inorganic materials with the desired surface and morphology. Covered techniques that can then be applied for using these functionalized AuNRs include colourimetric sensing, refractive index sensing and surface enhance Raman scattering sensing. Finally, the outlook on the future development of surface modified AuNRs for improved sensing performance is considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Bao
- Department of Chemistry, Western Washington University, Bellingham, Washington, 98225, USA.
| | - Ayomide Oluwafemi
- Department of Chemistry, Western Washington University, Bellingham, Washington, 98225, USA.
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2
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Zhang J, Guo Y, Bai Y, Wei Y. Application of biomedical materials in the diagnosis and treatment of myocardial infarction. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:298. [PMID: 37626396 PMCID: PMC10463704 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-02063-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is a cardiovascular emergency and the leading cause of death worldwide. Inflammatory and immune responses are initiated immediately after MI, leading to myocardial death, scarring, and ventricular remodeling. Current therapeutic approaches emphasize early restoration of ischemic myocardial reperfusion, but there is no effective treatment for the pathological changes of infarction. Biomedical materials development has brought new hope for MI diagnosis and treatment. Biomedical materials, such as cardiac patches, hydrogels, nano biomaterials, and artificial blood vessels, have played an irreplaceable role in MI diagnosis and treatment. They improve the accuracy and efficacy of MI diagnosis and offer further possibilities for reducing inflammation, immunomodulation, inhibiting fibrosis, and cardiac regeneration. This review focuses on the advances in biomedical materials applications in MI diagnosis and treatment. The current studies are outlined in terms of mechanisms of action and effects. It is addressed how biomedical materials application can lessen myocardial damage, encourage angiogenesis, and enhance heart function. Their clinical transformation value and application prospect are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Immunological Diagnosis and Therapy of Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yishan Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Immunological Diagnosis and Therapy of Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Department of Cardiology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, 256600, China
| | - Yu Bai
- Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100000, China.
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity; National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China.
| | - Yumiao Wei
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Immunological Diagnosis and Therapy of Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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3
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Shrestha B, Tang L, Hood RL. Nanotechnology for Personalized Medicine. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-16-8984-0_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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4
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Al Fatease A, Haque M, Umar A, Ansari SG, Mahnashi MH, Alhamhoom Y, Ansari ZA. Fabrication and Characterization of Acute Myocardial Infarction Myoglobin Biomarker Based on Chromium-Doped Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12080585. [PMID: 36004981 PMCID: PMC9406182 DOI: 10.3390/bios12080585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In this article, we describe the fabrication and characterization of a sensor for acute myocardial infarction that detects myoglobin biomarkers using chromium (Cr)-doped zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs). Pure and Cr-doped ZnO NPs (13 × 1017, 20 × 1017, and 32 × 1017 atoms/cm3 in the solid phase) were synthesized by a facile low-temperature sol-gel method. Synthesized NPs were examined for structure and morphological analysis using various techniques to confirm the successful formation of ZnO NPs. Zeta potential was measured in LB media at a negative value and increased with doping. XPS spectra confirmed the presence of oxygen deficiency in the synthesized material. To fabricate the sensor, synthesized NPs were screen-printed over a pre-fabricated gold-coated working electrode for electrochemical detection of myoglobin (Mb). Cr-doped ZnO NPs doped with 13 × 1017 Cr atomic/cm3 revealed the highest sensitivity of ~37.97 μA.cm−2nM−1 and limit of detection (LOD) of 0.15 nM for Mb with a response time of ≤10 ms. The interference study was carried out with cytochrome c (Cyt-c) due to its resemblance with Mb and human serum albumin (HSA) abundance in the blood and displayed distinct oxidation potential and current values for Mb. Cr-doped ZnO NP-based Mb biosensors showed 3 times higher sensitivity as compared to pure ZnO NP-based sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel Al Fatease
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Guraiger, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.F.); (Y.A.)
| | - Mazharul Haque
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India; (M.H.); (S.G.A.); (Z.A.A.)
| | - Ahmad Umar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts and Promising Centre for Sensors and Electronic Devices (PCSED), Najran University, Najran 11001, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Shafeeque G. Ansari
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India; (M.H.); (S.G.A.); (Z.A.A.)
| | - Mater H. Mahnashi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran 61441, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Yahya Alhamhoom
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Guraiger, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.F.); (Y.A.)
| | - Zubaida A. Ansari
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India; (M.H.); (S.G.A.); (Z.A.A.)
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John RV, Devasiya T, V.R. N, Adigal S, Lukose J, Kartha VB, Chidangil S. Cardiovascular biomarkers in body fluids: progress and prospects in optical sensors. Biophys Rev 2022; 14:1023-1050. [PMID: 35996626 PMCID: PMC9386656 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-022-00990-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the major causative factors for high mortality and morbidity in developing and developed nations. The biomarker detection plays a crucial role in the early diagnosis of several non-infectious and life-threatening diseases like CVD and many cancers, which in turn will help in more successful therapy, reducing the mortality rate. Biomarkers have diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic significances. The search for novel biomarkers using proteomics, bio-sensing, micro-fluidics, and spectroscopic techniques with good sensitivity and specificity for CVD is progressing rapidly at present, in addition to the use of gold standard biomarkers like troponin. This review is dealing with the current progress and prospects in biomarker research for the diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases. Expert opinion. Fast diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) can help to provide rapid medical intervention, which can affect the patient's short and long-term health. Identification and detection of proper biomarkers for early diagnosis are crucial for successful therapy and prognosis of CVDs. The present review discusses the analysis of clinical samples such as whole blood, blood serum, and other body fluids using techniques like high-performance liquid chromatography-LASER/LED-induced fluorescence, Raman spectroscopy, mainly, optical methods, combined with nanotechnology and micro-fluidic technologies, to probe patterns of multiple markers (marker signatures) as compared to conventional techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reena V. John
- Centre of Excellence for Biophotonics, Department of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka India 576104
| | - Tom Devasiya
- Department of Cardiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka India 576104
| | - Nidheesh V.R.
- Centre of Excellence for Biophotonics, Department of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka India 576104
| | - Sphurti Adigal
- Centre of Excellence for Biophotonics, Department of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka India 576104
| | - Jijo Lukose
- Centre of Excellence for Biophotonics, Department of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka India 576104
| | - V. B. Kartha
- Centre of Excellence for Biophotonics, Department of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka India 576104
| | - Santhosh Chidangil
- Centre of Excellence for Biophotonics, Department of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka India 576104
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Patil T, Gambhir R, Vibhute A, Tiwari AP. Gold Nanoparticles: Synthesis Methods, Functionalization and Biological Applications. J CLUST SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10876-022-02287-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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7
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Target-responsive DNA hydrogel with microfluidic chip smart readout for quantitative point-of-care testing of creatine kinase MB. Talanta 2022; 243:123338. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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8
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Shrestha B, Tang L, Hood RL. Nanotechnology for Personalized Medicine. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-9374-7_18-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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9
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Salah D, Moghanm FS, Arshad M, Alanazi AA, Latif S, El-Gammal MI, Shimaa EM, Elsayed S. Polymer-Peptide Modified Gold Nanorods to Improve Cell Conjugation and Cell labelling for Stem Cells Photoacoustic Imaging. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:1196. [PMID: 34209370 PMCID: PMC8305251 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11071196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of gold nanorods (GNRs) as a contrast agent in bioimaging and cell tracking has numerous advantages, primarily due to the unique optical properties of gold nanorods which allow for the use of infrared regions when imaging. Owing to their unique geometry, Au NRs exhibit surface plasmon modes in the near-infrared wavelength range, which is ideal for carrying out optical measurements in biological fluids and tissue. Gold nanorod functionalization is essential, since the Cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide CTAB gold nanorods are toxic, and for further in vitro and in vivo experiments the nanorods should be functionalized to become optically stable and biocompatible. In the present study, gold nanorods with an longitudinal surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) position around 800 nm were synthesized in order to be used for photoacoustic imaging applications for stem cell tracking. The gold nanorods were functionalized using both thiolated poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG) to stabilize the gold nanorods surface and a CALNN-TAT peptide sequence. Both ligands were attached to the gold nanorods through an Au-sulfur bond. CALNN-TAT is known as a cell penetrating peptide which ensures endocytosis of the gold nanorods inside the mesenchymal stem cells of mice (MSCD1). Surface modifications of gold nanorods were achieved using optical spectroscopy (UV-VIS), electron microscopy (TEM), zeta-potential, and FTIR. Gold nanorods were incubated in MSCD1 in order to achieve a cellular uptake that was characterized by a transmission electron microscope (TEM). For photoacoustic imaging, Multi-Spectral Optoacoustic Tomography (MSOT) was used. The results demonstrated good cellular uptake for PEG-CALNN-TAT GNRs and the successful use of modified gold nanorods as both a contrast agent in photoacoustic imaging and as a novel tracking bioimaging technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Salah
- Biophysics Group, Physics Department, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Farahat S. Moghanm
- Soil and Water Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt; (F.S.M.); (E.M.S.)
| | - Muhammad Arshad
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 394, Abha 61321, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abdulaziz A. Alanazi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Humanities in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Salman Latif
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Hail, P.O. Box 2440, Hail 81451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Maie I. El-Gammal
- Environmental Science Department, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, Damietta 35511, Egypt;
| | - Elmahdy M. Shimaa
- Soil and Water Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt; (F.S.M.); (E.M.S.)
| | - Salah Elsayed
- Agricultural Engineering, Evaluation of Natural Resources Department, Environmental Studies and Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Minufiya 32897, Egypt;
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10
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Harmonic optical microfiber Bragg grating immunosensor for the accelerative test of cardiac biomarker (cTn-I). Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 179:113081. [PMID: 33588296 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Fiber-optic biosensor has shown tremendous promise in probing cardiac biomarkers label-free and in-operando. However, temperature cross-sensitivity is ubiquitously found and impedes further advances of the fiber-optic biosensors, especially for the scenario of rapid test at-body. In this study, we exploit a new regime that harnesses the harmonic resonances of a single microfiber Bragg grating to rule out the impact of the thermal noise. The reflections yielded by the harmonics can be engineered simultaneously at the two overriding optical wavebands, i.e., 1 μm and 1.55 μm, promising a remote acquisition of the sensing signals at patient by virtue of the Yb and/or Er-doped fiber amplifiers which are highly commercial. Furthermore, the functionality of the temperature-offset allows for the understanding of the biomolecular stimulating at the body temperature and thus facilitating the acceleration of the cardiac biomarker test. The proposed proof-of-concept enriches the arsenal of tools for fiber biosensors and enables a vista for the instant and in-vivo diagnosis of acute heart diseases.
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11
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Liu X, Sun Y, Lin X, Pan X, Wu Z, Gai H. Digital Duplex Homogeneous Immunoassay by Counting Immunocomplex Labeled with Quantum Dots. Anal Chem 2021; 93:3089-3095. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c04020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Liu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, 101 Shanghai Road, Tongshan District, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuanyuan Sun
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, 101 Shanghai Road, Tongshan District, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinyi Lin
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, 101 Shanghai Road, Tongshan District, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoyan Pan
- School of Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhangjian Wu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, 101 Shanghai Road, Tongshan District, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongwei Gai
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, 101 Shanghai Road, Tongshan District, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China
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12
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Pellas V, Hu D, Mazouzi Y, Mimoun Y, Blanchard J, Guibert C, Salmain M, Boujday S. Gold Nanorods for LSPR Biosensing: Synthesis, Coating by Silica, and Bioanalytical Applications. BIOSENSORS 2020; 10:E146. [PMID: 33080925 PMCID: PMC7603250 DOI: 10.3390/bios10100146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticles made of coinage metals are well known to display unique optical properties stemming from the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) phenomenon, allowing their use as transducers in various biosensing configurations. While most of the reports initially dealt with spherical gold nanoparticles owing to their ease of synthesis, the interest in gold nanorods (AuNR) as plasmonic biosensors is rising steadily. These anisotropic nanoparticles exhibit, on top of the LSPR band in the blue range common with spherical nanoparticles, a longitudinal LSPR band, in all respects superior, and in particular in terms of sensitivity to the surrounding media and LSPR-biosensing. However, AuNRs synthesis and their further functionalization are less straightforward and require thorough processing. In this paper, we intend to give an up-to-date overview of gold nanorods in LSPR biosensing, starting from a critical review of the recent findings on AuNR synthesis and the main challenges related to it. We further highlight the various strategies set up to coat AuNR with a silica shell of controlled thickness and porosity compatible with LSPR-biosensing. Then, we provide a survey of the methods employed to attach various bioreceptors to AuNR. Finally, the most representative examples of AuNR-based LSPR biosensors are reviewed with a focus put on their analytical performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Pellas
- Laboratoire de Réactivité de Surface (LRS), Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 7197, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France; (V.P.); (D.H.); (Y.M.); (Y.M.); (J.B.); (C.G.)
- Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (IPCM), Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - David Hu
- Laboratoire de Réactivité de Surface (LRS), Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 7197, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France; (V.P.); (D.H.); (Y.M.); (Y.M.); (J.B.); (C.G.)
| | - Yacine Mazouzi
- Laboratoire de Réactivité de Surface (LRS), Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 7197, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France; (V.P.); (D.H.); (Y.M.); (Y.M.); (J.B.); (C.G.)
| | - Yoan Mimoun
- Laboratoire de Réactivité de Surface (LRS), Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 7197, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France; (V.P.); (D.H.); (Y.M.); (Y.M.); (J.B.); (C.G.)
| | - Juliette Blanchard
- Laboratoire de Réactivité de Surface (LRS), Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 7197, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France; (V.P.); (D.H.); (Y.M.); (Y.M.); (J.B.); (C.G.)
| | - Clément Guibert
- Laboratoire de Réactivité de Surface (LRS), Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 7197, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France; (V.P.); (D.H.); (Y.M.); (Y.M.); (J.B.); (C.G.)
| | - Michèle Salmain
- Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (IPCM), Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Souhir Boujday
- Laboratoire de Réactivité de Surface (LRS), Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 7197, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France; (V.P.); (D.H.); (Y.M.); (Y.M.); (J.B.); (C.G.)
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13
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Letchumanan I, Gopinath SCB, Md Arshad MK, Mohamed Saheed MS, Perumal V, Voon CH, Hashim U. Gold-Nanohybrid Biosensors for Analyzing Blood Circulating Clinical Biomacromolecules: Current Trend toward Future Remote Digital Monitoring. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2020; 52:577-592. [PMID: 32897761 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2020.1812373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Mortality level is worsening the situation worldwide thru blood diseases and greatly jeopardizes the human health with poor diagnostics. Due to the lack of successful generation of early diagnosis, the survival rate is currently lower. To overcome the present hurdle, new diagnostic methods have been choreographed for blood disease biomarkers analyses with the conjunction of ultra-small ideal gold nanohybrids. Gold-hybrids hold varieties of unique features, such as high biocompatibility, increased surface-to-volume ratio, less-toxicity, ease in electron transfer and have a greater localized surface plasmon resonance. Gold-nanocomposites can be physically hybrid on the sensor surface and functionalize with the biomolecules using appropriate chemical conjugations. Revolutionizing biosensor platform can be prominently linked for the nanocomposite applications in the current research on medical diagnosis. This review encloses the new developments in diagnosing blood biomarkers by utilizing the gold-nanohybrids. Further, the current state-of-the-art and the future envision with digital monitoring for facile telediagnosis were narrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iswary Letchumanan
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Kangar 01000, Malaysia
| | - Subash C B Gopinath
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Kangar 01000, Malaysia.,School of Bioprocess Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Arau 02600, Malaysia
| | - M K Md Arshad
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Kangar 01000, Malaysia.,School of Microelectronic Engineering, Arau 02600, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Mohamed Shuaib Mohamed Saheed
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia.,Centre of Innovative Nanostructures & Nanodevices (COINN), Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
| | - Veeradasan Perumal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia.,Centre of Innovative Nanostructures & Nanodevices (COINN), Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
| | - Chun Hong Voon
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Kangar 01000, Malaysia
| | - Uda Hashim
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Kangar 01000, Malaysia
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14
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Versiani AF, Martins EMN, Andrade LM, Cox L, Pereira GC, Barbosa-Stancioli EF, Nogueira ML, Ladeira LO, da Fonseca FG. Nanosensors based on LSPR are able to serologically differentiate dengue from Zika infections. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11302. [PMID: 32647259 PMCID: PMC7347616 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68357-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The Flaviviridae virus family was named after the Yellow-fever virus, and the latin term flavi means “of golden color”. Dengue, caused by Dengue virus (DENV), is one of the most important infectious diseases worldwide. A sensitive and differential diagnosis is crucial for patient management, especially due to the occurrence of serological cross-reactivity to other co-circulating flaviviruses. This became particularly important with the emergence of Zika virus (ZIKV) in areas were DENV seroprevalence was already high. We developed a sensitive and specific diagnostic test based on gold nanorods (GNR) functionalized with DENV proteins as nanosensors. These were able to detect as little as one picogram of anti-DENV monoclonal antibodies and highly diluted DENV-positive human sera. The nanosensors could differentiate DENV-positive sera from other flavivirus-infected patients, including ZIKV, and were even able to distinguish which DENV serotype infected individual patients. Readouts are obtained in ELISA-plate spectrophotometers without the need of specific devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice F Versiani
- Laboratório de Virologia Básica e Aplicada, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.,NanoBioMedical Research Group, Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.,Laboratório de Pesquisa em Virologia, Departamento de Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Faculdade de Medicina de São José Do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Estefânia M N Martins
- Laboratório de Química de Nanoestruturas de Carbono, Centro de Desenvolvimento da Tecnologia Nuclear-CDTN/CNEN, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.,NanoBioMedical Research Group, Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Lidia M Andrade
- Laboratório de Nanomateriais, Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.,NanoBioMedical Research Group, Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Laura Cox
- Laboratório de Virologia Básica e Aplicada, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Edel F Barbosa-Stancioli
- Laboratório de Virologia Básica e Aplicada, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Mauricio L Nogueira
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Virologia, Departamento de Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Faculdade de Medicina de São José Do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz O Ladeira
- Laboratório de Nanomateriais, Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.,NanoBioMedical Research Group, Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Flávio G da Fonseca
- Laboratório de Virologia Básica e Aplicada, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. .,Centro de Tecnologia de Vacinas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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15
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Cowell TW, Valera E, Jankelow A, Park J, Schrader AW, Ding R, Berger J, Bashir R, Han HS. Rapid, multiplexed detection of biomolecules using electrically distinct hydrogel beads. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:2274-2283. [PMID: 32490455 PMCID: PMC10409638 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc00243g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Rapid, low-cost, and multiplexed biomolecule detection is an important goal in the development of effective molecular diagnostics. Our recent work has demonstrated a microfluidic biochip device that can electrically quantitate a protein target with high sensitivity. This platform detects and quantifies a target analyte by counting and capturing micron-sized beads in response to an immunoassay on the bead surface. Existing microparticles limit the technique to the detection of a single protein target and lack the magnetic properties required for separation of the microparticles for direct measurements from whole blood. Here, we report new precisely engineered microparticles that achieve electrical multiplexing and adapt this platform for low-cost and label-free multiplexed electrical detection of biomolecules. Droplet microfluidic synthesis yielded highly-monodisperse populations of magnetic hydrogel beads (MHBs) with the necessary properties for multiplexing the electrical Coulter counting on chip. Each bead population was designed to contain a different amount of the hydrogel material, resulting in a unique electrical impedance signature during Coulter counting, thereby enabling unique identification of each bead. These monodisperse bead populations span a narrow range of sizes ensuring that all can be captured sensitively and selectively under simultaneously flow. Incorporating these newly synthesized beads, we demonstrate versatile and multiplexed biomolecule detection of proteins or DNA targets. This development of multiplexed beads for the electrical detection of biomolecules, provides a critical advancement towards multiplexing the Coulter counting approach and the development of a low cost point-of-care diagnostic sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas W Cowell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 505 South Mathews Ave., Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.
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16
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Liu S, Ni L, Chen W, Wang J, Ma F. Analysis of lead forms and transition in agricultural soil by nano-fluorescence method. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 389:121469. [PMID: 32057493 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The physicochemical properties of gold nanorods were used to develop many methods and techniques of detecting heavy metals recently. In this paper, the feasibility of gold nanorods was studied to detect metal lead in agricultural soil. The effects of soil properties on the form change of lead in soil were explored by gold nanorod detection technology. The results showed that the humic acid significantly increased Pb mobility and ion state exchanging. It also increased the lead content of organic bound state and Fe-Mn oxides state. And the detection process by gold nanorods proved to be a more simple and convenient method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyu Liu
- School of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 201800, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China.
| | - Lv Ni
- School of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 201800, PR China
| | - Wenli Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Jiangli Wang
- Agricultural College, Shihezi University/Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture of Xinjiang Production and Construction Group, Shihezi, 832003, PR China
| | - Fang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China.
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17
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Wang L, Xing B, Ren X, Hu X, Wang H, Wu D, Wei Q. Mo2C combined with carbon material nanosphere as an electrochemiluminescence super-enhancer and antibody label for ultrasensitive detection of cardiac troponin I. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 150:111910. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.111910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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18
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19
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Hajipour MJ, Mehrani M, Abbasi SH, Amin A, Kassaian SE, Garbern JC, Caracciolo G, Zanganeh S, Chitsazan M, Aghaverdi H, Shahri SMK, Ashkarran A, Raoufi M, Bauser-Heaton H, Zhang J, Muehlschlegel JD, Moore A, Lee RT, Wu JC, Serpooshan V, Mahmoudi M. Nanoscale Technologies for Prevention and Treatment of Heart Failure: Challenges and Opportunities. Chem Rev 2019; 119:11352-11390. [PMID: 31490059 PMCID: PMC7003249 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The adult myocardium has a limited regenerative capacity following heart injury, and the lost cells are primarily replaced by fibrotic scar tissue. Suboptimal efficiency of current clinical therapies to resurrect the infarcted heart results in injured heart enlargement and remodeling to maintain its physiological functions. These remodeling processes ultimately leads to ischemic cardiomyopathy and heart failure (HF). Recent therapeutic approaches (e.g., regenerative and nanomedicine) have shown promise to prevent HF postmyocardial infarction in animal models. However, these preclinical, clinical, and technological advancements have yet to yield substantial enhancements in the survival rate and quality of life of patients with severe ischemic injuries. This could be attributed largely to the considerable gap in knowledge between clinicians and nanobioengineers. Development of highly effective cardiac regenerative therapies requires connecting and coordinating multiple fields, including cardiology, cellular and molecular biology, biochemistry and chemistry, and mechanical and materials sciences, among others. This review is particularly intended to bridge the knowledge gap between cardiologists and regenerative nanomedicine experts. Establishing this multidisciplinary knowledge base may help pave the way for developing novel, safer, and more effective approaches that will enable the medical community to reduce morbidity and mortality in HF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mehdi Mehrani
- Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Ahmad Amin
- Rajaie Cardiovascular, Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Science Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Jessica C. Garbern
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Giulio Caracciolo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, V.le Regina Elena 291, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Steven Zanganeh
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering, New York, NY 10065, United States
| | - Mitra Chitsazan
- Rajaie Cardiovascular, Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Science Tehran, Iran
| | - Haniyeh Aghaverdi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Seyed Mehdi Kamali Shahri
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Aliakbar Ashkarran
- Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Mohammad Raoufi
- Physical Chemistry I, Department of Chemistry and Biology & Research Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering, University of Siegen, Siegen, Germany
| | - Holly Bauser-Heaton
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Jianyi Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Jochen D. Muehlschlegel
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Anna Moore
- Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Richard T. Lee
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Joseph C. Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States
- Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States
| | - Vahid Serpooshan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Morteza Mahmoudi
- Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Connors Center for Women’s Health & Gender Biology, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
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20
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Wei SC, Hsu MN, Chen CH. Plasmonic droplet screen for single-cell secretion analysis. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 144:111639. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.111639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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21
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Negahdary M, Heli H. An electrochemical troponin I peptisensor using a triangular icicle-like gold nanostructure. Biochem Eng J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2019.107326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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22
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Campu A, Lerouge F, Chateau D, Chaput F, Baldeck P, Parola S, Maniu D, Craciun AM, Vulpoi A, Astilean S, Focsan M. Gold NanoBipyramids Performing as Highly Sensitive Dual-Modal Optical Immunosensors. Anal Chem 2018; 90:8567-8575. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b01689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreea Campu
- Nanobiophotonics and Laser Microspectroscopy Center, Interdisciplinary Research Institute on Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babes-Bolyai University, Treboniu Laurean No.42, Cluj-Napoca 400271, Romania
- Biomolecular Physics Department, Faculty of Physics, Babes-Bolyai University, M Kogalniceanu No. 1, Cluj-Napoca 400084, Romania
| | - Frederic Lerouge
- Ecole Normale Superiéure de Lyon, CNRS, Université Lyon 1, Laboratoire de Chimie UMR 5182, 46, allée d’Italie, F-69364, Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - Denis Chateau
- Ecole Normale Superiéure de Lyon, CNRS, Université Lyon 1, Laboratoire de Chimie UMR 5182, 46, allée d’Italie, F-69364, Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - Frederic Chaput
- Ecole Normale Superiéure de Lyon, CNRS, Université Lyon 1, Laboratoire de Chimie UMR 5182, 46, allée d’Italie, F-69364, Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - Patrice Baldeck
- Ecole Normale Superiéure de Lyon, CNRS, Université Lyon 1, Laboratoire de Chimie UMR 5182, 46, allée d’Italie, F-69364, Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - Stephane Parola
- Ecole Normale Superiéure de Lyon, CNRS, Université Lyon 1, Laboratoire de Chimie UMR 5182, 46, allée d’Italie, F-69364, Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - Dana Maniu
- Biomolecular Physics Department, Faculty of Physics, Babes-Bolyai University, M Kogalniceanu No. 1, Cluj-Napoca 400084, Romania
| | - Ana Maria Craciun
- Nanobiophotonics and Laser Microspectroscopy Center, Interdisciplinary Research Institute on Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babes-Bolyai University, Treboniu Laurean No.42, Cluj-Napoca 400271, Romania
| | - Adriana Vulpoi
- Nanostructured Materials and Bio-Nano-Interfaces Center, Interdisciplinary Research Institute on Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babes-Bolyai University, Treboniu Laurian No. 42, Cluj-Napoca 400271, Romania
| | - Simion Astilean
- Nanobiophotonics and Laser Microspectroscopy Center, Interdisciplinary Research Institute on Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babes-Bolyai University, Treboniu Laurean No.42, Cluj-Napoca 400271, Romania
- Biomolecular Physics Department, Faculty of Physics, Babes-Bolyai University, M Kogalniceanu No. 1, Cluj-Napoca 400084, Romania
| | - Monica Focsan
- Nanobiophotonics and Laser Microspectroscopy Center, Interdisciplinary Research Institute on Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babes-Bolyai University, Treboniu Laurean No.42, Cluj-Napoca 400271, Romania
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23
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A label-free cardiac biomarker immunosensor based on phase-shifted microfiber Bragg grating. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 100:155-160. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2017.08.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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24
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Rezaei B, Shoushtari AM, Rabiee M, Uzun L, Mak WC, Turner APF. An electrochemical immunosensor for cardiac Troponin I using electrospun carboxylated multi-walled carbon nanotube-whiskered nanofibres. Talanta 2018; 182:178-186. [PMID: 29501138 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
A sandwich-type nanostructured immunosensor based on carboxylated multi-walled carbon nanotube (CMWCNT)-embedded whiskered nanofibres (WNFs) was developed for detection of cardiac Troponin I (cTnI). WNFs were directly fabricated on glassy carbon electrodes (GCE) by removing the sacrificial component (polyethylene glycol, PEG) after electrospinning of polystyrene/CMWCNT/PEG nanocomposite nanofibres, and utilised as a transducer layer for enzyme-labeled amperometric immunoassay of cTnI. The whiskered segments of CMWCNTs were activated and utilised to immobilise anti-cTnT antibodies. It was observed that the anchored CMWCNTs within the nanofibres were suitably stabilised with excellent electrochemical repeatability. A sandwich-type immuno-complex was formed between cTnI and horseradish peroxidase-conjugated anti-cTnI (HRP-anti-cTnI). The amperometric responses of the immunosensor were studied using cyclic voltammetry (CV) through an enzymatic reaction between hydrogen peroxide and HRP conjugated to the secondary antibody. The nanostructured immunosensor delivered a wide detection range for cTnI from the clinical borderline for a normal person (0.5-2ngmL-1) to the concentration present in myocardial infarction patients (> 20ngmL-1), with a detection limit of ~ 0.04ngmL-1. It also showed good reproducibility and repeatability for three different cTnI concentration (1, 10 and 25ngmL-1) with satisfactory relative standard deviations (RSD). Hence, the proposed nanostructured immunosensor shows potential for point-of-care testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babak Rezaei
- Nanotechnology Institute, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Rabiee
- Biomaterials Group, Biomedical Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Lokman Uzun
- Biosensors & Bioelectronics Centre, Dept. of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Wing Cheung Mak
- Biosensors & Bioelectronics Centre, Dept. of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Anthony P F Turner
- Biosensors & Bioelectronics Centre, Dept. of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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25
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Zhou J, Cao Z, Panwar N, Hu R, Wang X, Qu J, Tjin SC, Xu G, Yong KT. Functionalized gold nanorods for nanomedicine: Past, present and future. Coord Chem Rev 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2017.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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26
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Paulo PMR, Zijlstra P, Orrit M, Garcia-Fernandez E, Pace TCS, Viana AS, Costa SMB. Tip-Specific Functionalization of Gold Nanorods for Plasmonic Biosensing: Effect of Linker Chain Length. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:6503-6510. [PMID: 28592111 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b00422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Gold nanorods are promising platforms for label-free biosensing. We have functionalized gold nanorods with biotin thiol linkers of increasing chain length and evaluated their ability in the molecular detection of streptavidin. We have found an unexpected effect of the increase in linker length, which resulted in a substantial improvement of the plasmon response at surface saturation. The plasmon peak shift increased from 5 to 14 nm, i.e., more than twice the response, between the short and long biotin linkers. This effect is observed only for site-selective tip functionalization, whereas for a full biotin coating there is no improvement observed with the linker length. The improved plasmon response for tip functionalization is attributed to low biotin coverage but is directed to the most sensitive regions, which, combined with a longer chain linker, reduces the steric hindrance for streptavidin binding on the rod's surface. The model sensors were further characterized by measuring their dose-response curves and binding kinetic assays. Simulations of the discrete dipole approximation give theoretical plasmon shifts that compare well with the experimental ones for the long linker but not with those of the short linker, thus suggesting that steric hindrance affects the latter. Our results highlight the importance of specifically functionalizing the plasmonic hot spots in nanoparticle sensors with the adequate density of receptors in order to maximize their response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro M R Paulo
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa , Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Peter Zijlstra
- Molecular Biosensing for Medical Diagnostics, Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology , Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Michel Orrit
- MoNOS, Huygens Laboratorium, Universiteit Leiden , 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Emilio Garcia-Fernandez
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa , Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Tamara C S Pace
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa , Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana S Viana
- Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa , Ed. C8, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sílvia M B Costa
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa , Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
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27
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On/off-switchable LSPR nano-immunoassay for troponin-T. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44027. [PMID: 28382946 PMCID: PMC5382532 DOI: 10.1038/srep44027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Regeneration of immunosensors is a longstanding challenge. We have developed a re-usable troponin-T (TnT) immunoassay based on localised surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) at gold nanorods (GNR). Thermosensitive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAM) was functionalised with anti-TnT to control the affinity interaction with TnT. The LSPR was extremely sensitive to the dielectric constant of the surrounding medium as modulated by antigen binding after 20 min incubation at 37 °C. Computational modelling incorporating molecular docking, molecular dynamics and free energy calculations was used to elucidate the interactions between the various subsystems namely, IgG-antibody (c.f., anti-TnT), PNIPAAM and/or TnT. This study demonstrates a remarkable temperature dependent immuno-interaction due to changes in the PNIPAAM secondary structures, i.e., globular and coil, at above or below the lower critical solution temperature (LCST). A series of concentrations of TnT were measured by correlating the λLSPR shift with relative changes in extinction intensity at the distinct plasmonic maximum (i.e., 832 nm). The magnitude of the red shift in λLSPR was nearly linear with increasing concentration of TnT, over the range 7.6 × 10−15 to 9.1 × 10−4 g/mL. The LSPR based nano-immunoassay could be simply regenerated by switching the polymer conformation and creating a gradient of microenvironments between the two states with a modest change in temperature.
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28
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Goldsmith JG, L’Ecuyer H, Dean D, Goldsmith EC. Application of Gold Nanorods in Cardiovascular Science. NANOSTRUCTURE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-59662-4_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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29
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Wang C, Luan J, Tadepalli S, Liu KK, Morrissey JJ, Kharasch ED, Naik RR, Singamaneni S. Silk-Encapsulated Plasmonic Biochips with Enhanced Thermal Stability. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:26493-26500. [PMID: 27438127 PMCID: PMC5371827 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b07362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Because of their high sensitivity, cost-efficiency, and great potential as point-of-care biodiagnostic devices, plasmonic biosensors based on localized surface plasmon resonance have gained immense attention. However, most plasmonic biosensors and conventional bioassays rely on natural antibodies, which are susceptible to elevated temperatures and nonaqueous media. Hence, an expensive and cumbersome "cold chain" system is necessary to preserve the labile antibodies by maintaining optimal cold temperatures during transport, storage, and handling. Herein, we introduce a facile approach to preserve the antibody activity on a biosensor surface even at elevated temperatures. We show that silk fibroin film could be used as a protective layer to preserve the activity of a model antibody (Rabbit IgG) and cardiac troponin antibody at both room temperature and 40 °C over several days. Furthermore, a simple aqueous rinsing process restores the biofunctionality of the biosensor. This energy-efficient and environmentally friendly method represents a novel approach to eliminate the cold chain and temperature-controlled packing of diagnostic reagents and materials, thereby extending the capability of antibody-based biosensors to different resource-limited circumstances such as developing countries, an ambulance, an intensive care unit emergency room, and battlefield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congzhou Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Jingyi Luan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Sirimuvva Tadepalli
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Keng-Ku Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Jeremiah J. Morrissey
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Evan D. Kharasch
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
- The Center for Clinical Pharmacology, St. Louis College of Pharmacy and Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Rajesh R. Naik
- 711th Human Performance Wing, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio 45433, United States
| | - Srikanth Singamaneni
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
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30
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Versiani AF, Andrade LM, Martins EMN, Scalzo S, Geraldo JM, Chaves CR, Ferreira DC, Ladeira M, Guatimosim S, Ladeira LO, da Fonseca FG. Gold nanoparticles and their applications in biomedicine. Future Virol 2016. [DOI: 10.2217/fvl-2015-0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Although used in medical applications for centuries, the development of nanotechnology has shed new light in the plethora of possible medical and biological applications using gold-based nanostructures. Gold nanostructures are stable and relatively inert in biological systems, leading to low reatogenicity, biocompatibility and general lack of toxicity. Allied to that, gold nanoparticles present optical and electronic properties that have been exploited in a range of biomedical applications. In this review we discuss biologically relevant properties of gold nanoparticles and how they are used in some biomedicine fields, especially those involving biosensing of biological analytes – including viruses and antibodies against them, cancer therapies, and antigen delivery, including viral antigens – as part of nonclassic vaccine strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice F Versiani
- Laboratório de Virologia Básica e Aplicada, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Campus Pampulha, CEP: 31270–901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
- NanoBioMedical Research Group, Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Lídia M Andrade
- NanoBioMedical Research Group, Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
- Laboratório de Nanomateriais, Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Estefânia MN Martins
- NanoBioMedical Research Group, Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
- Laboratório de Química de Nanoestruturas de Carbono. Centro de Desenvolvimento da Tecnologia Nuclear – CDTN/CNEN, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Scalzo
- NanoBioMedical Research Group, Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
- Laboratório de Sinalização Intracelular, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Jony M Geraldo
- NanoBioMedical Research Group, Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
- Laboratório de Nanomateriais, Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
- Departamento de Anatomia por Imagem, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Claudilene R Chaves
- Laboratório de Nanomateriais, Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Daniele C Ferreira
- NanoBioMedical Research Group, Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Marina Ladeira
- Laboratório de Sinalização Intracelular, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Silvia Guatimosim
- Laboratório de Sinalização Intracelular, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Luiz O Ladeira
- NanoBioMedical Research Group, Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
- Laboratório de Nanomateriais, Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Flávio G da Fonseca
- Laboratório de Virologia Básica e Aplicada, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Campus Pampulha, CEP: 31270–901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Rezaei B, Ghani M, Shoushtari AM, Rabiee M. Electrochemical biosensors based on nanofibres for cardiac biomarker detection: A comprehensive review. Biosens Bioelectron 2015; 78:513-523. [PMID: 26657595 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.11.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Revised: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The vital importance of early and accurate diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) to prevent the irreversible damage or even death of patients has driven the development of biosensor devices for detection and quantification of cardiac biomarkers. Electrochemical biosensors offer rapid sensing, low cost, portability and ease of use. Over the past few years, nanotechnology has contributed to a tremendous improvement in the sensitivity of biosensors. In this review, the authors summarise the state-of-the-art of the application of one particular type of nanostructured material, i.e. nanofibres, for use in electrochemical biosensors for the ultrasensitive detection of cardiac biomarkers. A new way of classifying the nanofibre-based electrochemical biosensors according to the electrical conductance and the type of nanofibres is presented. Some key data from each article reviewed are highlighted, including the mechanism of detection, experimental conditions and the response range of the biosensor. The primary aim of this review is to emphasise the prospects for nanofibres for the future development of biosensors in diagnosis of CVDs as well as considering how to improve their characteristics for application in medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babak Rezaei
- Nanotechnology Institute, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran 15875-4413, Iran; Department of Textile Engineering, AmirKabir University of Technology, Tehran 15875-4413, Iran
| | - Mozhdeh Ghani
- Nanotechnology Institute, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran 15875-4413, Iran; Department of Textile Engineering, AmirKabir University of Technology, Tehran 15875-4413, Iran
| | - Ahmad Mousavi Shoushtari
- Nanotechnology Institute, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran 15875-4413, Iran; Department of Textile Engineering, AmirKabir University of Technology, Tehran 15875-4413, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Rabiee
- Biomaterials Group, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
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Tadepalli S, Kuang Z, Jiang Q, Liu KK, Fisher MA, Morrissey JJ, Kharasch ED, Slocik JM, Naik RR, Singamaneni S. Peptide Functionalized Gold Nanorods for the Sensitive Detection of a Cardiac Biomarker Using Plasmonic Paper Devices. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16206. [PMID: 26552720 PMCID: PMC4639779 DOI: 10.1038/srep16206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The sensitivity of localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of metal nanostructures to adsorbates lends itself to a powerful class of label-free biosensors. Optical properties of plasmonic nanostructures are dependent on the geometrical features and the local dielectric environment. The exponential decay of the sensitivity from the surface of the plasmonic nanotransducer calls for the careful consideration in its design with particular attention to the size of the recognition and analyte layers. In this study, we demonstrate that short peptides as biorecognition elements (BRE) compared to larger antibodies as target capture agents offer several advantages. Using a bioplasmonic paper device (BPD), we demonstrate the selective and sensitive detection of the cardiac biomarker troponin I (cTnI). The smaller sized peptide provides higher sensitivity and a lower detection limit using a BPD. Furthermore, the excellent shelf-life and thermal stability of peptide-based LSPR sensors, which precludes the need for special storage conditions, makes it ideal for use in resource-limited settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirimuvva Tadepalli
- Institute of Material Science and Engineering and Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Zhifeng Kuang
- Soft Matter Materials Branch, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, OH 45433, USA
| | - Qisheng Jiang
- Institute of Material Science and Engineering and Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Keng-Ku Liu
- Institute of Material Science and Engineering and Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Marilee A. Fisher
- Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Clinical and Translational Research, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jeremiah J. Morrissey
- Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Clinical and Translational Research, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Evan D. Kharasch
- Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Clinical and Translational Research, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Joseph M. Slocik
- Soft Matter Materials Branch, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, OH 45433, USA
| | - Rajesh R. Naik
- Soft Matter Materials Branch, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, OH 45433, USA
| | - Srikanth Singamaneni
- Institute of Material Science and Engineering and Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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Peptide Functionalized Gold Nanorods for the Sensitive Detection of a Cardiac Biomarker Using Plasmonic Paper Devices. Sci Rep 2015. [DOI: 10.1038/srep1620610.1038/srep16206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhou
- College of Chemistry, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xia Gao
- College of Chemistry, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Dingbin Liu
- College of Chemistry, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
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Ma L, Ning D, Zhang H, Zheng J. Au@Ag nanorods based electrochemical immunoassay for immunoglobulin G with signal enhancement using carbon nanofibers-polyamidoamine dendrimer nanocomposite. Biosens Bioelectron 2015; 68:175-180. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2014.12.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Revised: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Wang X, Mei Z, Wang Y, Tang L. Gold nanorod biochip functionalization by antibody thiolation. Talanta 2014; 136:1-8. [PMID: 25702977 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2014.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2014] [Revised: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Conjugation of biomolecules on gold nanorod (GNR) surfaces is the basis for successful applications in biosensing, imaging, and drug delivery. Current functionalization methods are often problematic, involving multi-step nanoparticle modification to replace surfactant bilayer, delicate nanoparticle protection during surfactant exchange, and material loss due to inevitable aggregation. Instead of intensive surface modification of GNRs, we describe herein a facile method to functionalize gold nanorod surfaces via covalent Au-S bonds by thiolating receptors. The resulting GNR-bioconjugates showed superior dispersion and stability in buffer for months without morphology change and aggregation. ELISA tests confirmed the high biofunctionality of the thiolated anti-IgG moieties immobilized on the GNR surfaces. Furthermore, this simple method facilitated a straightforward functionalization of GNR assembly on glass substrate to construct a specific biochip, which can detect human IgG targets in a label-free fashion with high sensitivity and specificity. Compared to electropolymeric coating to functionalize the GNR, our method exhibited a five-fold enhancement in the spectral sensitivity to refractive index change caused by the target binding. This universal GNR bioconjugation method can be extended to bind different proteins and antibodies for development of biosensors or drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA; Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong Mei
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
| | - Yanyan Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
| | - Liang Tang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA.
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