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P L, Shirsat A, Gardi P, Kore S, Joshi V, Patra R, Maji D. A cost-effective and facile technique for realizing fabric based microfluidic channels using beeswax and PVC stencils. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2024; 16:3372-3384. [PMID: 38747244 DOI: 10.1039/d4ay00389f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Microfluidic channels fabricated over fabrics or papers have the potential to find substantial application in the next generation of wearable healthcare monitoring systems. The present work focuses on the fabrication procedures that can be used to obtain practically realizable fabric-based microfluidic channels (μFADs) utilizing patterning masks and wax, unlike conventional printing techniques. In this study, comparative analysis was used to differentiate channels obtained using different masking tools for channel patterning as well as different wax materials as hydrophobic barriers. Drawbacks of the conventional tape and candle wax technique were noted and a novel approach was used to create microfluidic channels through a facile and simple masking technique using PVC clear sheets as channel stencils and beeswax as the channel barriers. The resulting fabric based microfluidic channels with varying widths as well as complex microchannel, microwell, and micromixer designs were investigated and a minimum channel width resolution of 500 μm was successfully obtained over cotton based fabrics. Thereafter, the PVC clear sheet-beeswax based microwells were successfully tested to confine various organic and inorganic samples indicating vivid applicability of the technique. Finally, the microwells were used to make a simple and facile colorimetric assay for glucose detection and demonstrated effective detection of glucose levels from 10 mM to 50 mM with significant color variation using potassium iodide as the coloring agent. The above findings clearly suggest the potential of this alternative technique for making low-cost and practically realizable fabric based diagnostic devices (μFADs) in contrast to the other approaches that are currently in use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingadharini P
- Department of Sensor and Biomedical Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, India.
| | - Aditya Shirsat
- Department of Sensor and Biomedical Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, India.
| | - Prathamesh Gardi
- Department of Sensor and Biomedical Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, India.
| | - Saurabh Kore
- Department of Sensor and Biomedical Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, India.
| | - Vedant Joshi
- Department of Sensor and Biomedical Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, India.
| | - Rusha Patra
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Indian Institute of Information Technology Guwahati, Assam, 781015, India
| | - Debashis Maji
- Department of Sensor and Biomedical Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, India.
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2
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Liu CW, Tsutsui H. Sample-to-answer sensing technologies for nucleic acid preparation and detection in the field. SLAS Technol 2023; 28:302-323. [PMID: 37302751 DOI: 10.1016/j.slast.2023.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Efficient sample preparation and accurate disease diagnosis under field conditions are of great importance for the early intervention of diseases in humans, animals, and plants. However, in-field preparation of high-quality nucleic acids from various specimens for downstream analyses, such as amplification and sequencing, is challenging. Thus, developing and adapting sample lysis and nucleic acid extraction protocols suitable for portable formats have drawn significant attention. Similarly, various nucleic acid amplification techniques and detection methods have also been explored. Combining these functions in an integrated platform has resulted in emergent sample-to-answer sensing systems that allow effective disease detection and analyses outside a laboratory. Such devices have a vast potential to improve healthcare in resource-limited settings, low-cost and distributed surveillance of diseases in food and agriculture industries, environmental monitoring, and defense against biological warfare and terrorism. This paper reviews recent advances in portable sample preparation technologies and facile detection methods that have been / or could be adopted into novel sample-to-answer devices. In addition, recent developments and challenges of commercial kits and devices targeting on-site diagnosis of various plant diseases are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Wei Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Hideaki Tsutsui
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
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3
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Mwanza C, Ding SN. Newly Developed Electrochemiluminescence Based on Bipolar Electrochemistry for Multiplex Biosensing Applications: A Consolidated Review. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:666. [PMID: 37367031 DOI: 10.3390/bios13060666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Recently, there has been an upsurge in the extent to which electrochemiluminescence (ECL) working in synergy with bipolar electrochemistry (BPE) is being applied in simple biosensing devices, especially in a clinical setup. The key objective of this particular write-up is to present a consolidated review of ECL-BPE, providing a three-dimensional perspective incorporating its strengths, weaknesses, limitations, and potential applications as a biosensing technique. The review encapsulates critical insights into the latest and novel developments in the field of ECL-BPE, including innovative electrode designs and newly developed, novel luminophores and co-reactants employed in ECL-BPE systems, along with challenges, such as optimization of the interelectrode distance, electrode miniaturization and electrode surface modification for enhancing sensitivity and selectivity. Moreover, this consolidated review will provide an overview of the latest, novel applications and advances made in this field with a bias toward multiplex biosensing based on the past five years of research. The studies reviewed herein, indicate that the technology is rapidly advancing at an outstanding purse and has an immense potential to revolutionize the general field of biosensing. This perspective aims to stimulate innovative ideas and inspire researchers alike to incorporate some elements of ECL-BPE into their studies, thereby steering this field into previously unexplored domains that may lead to unexpected, interesting discoveries. For instance, the application of ECL-BPE in other challenging and complex sample matrices such as hair for bioanalytical purposes is currently an unexplored area. Of great significance, a substantial fraction of the content in this review article is based on content from research articles published between the years 2018 and 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Mwanza
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-medical Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
- Chemistry Department, University of Zambia, Lusaka 10101, Zambia
| | - Shou-Nian Ding
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-medical Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
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4
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Senabut J, Praoboon N, Tangkuaram T, Sangsrichan S, Pookmanee P, Kuimalee S, Satienperakul S. Development of cloth-based microfluidic devices for rapid determination of histamine in fish and fishery products. Mikrochim Acta 2023; 190:213. [PMID: 37171641 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-023-05792-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
A cloth-based analytical device combined with electrochemiluminescence detection (CAD-ECL) was described for rapid determination of histamine (HA). The CAD device was produced by screen-printing a conductive carbon ink onto a patterned hydrophobic electrochemical microfluidic chamber to fabricate the three-carbon electrode system on a single hydrophilic cloth. The introduction of carbon nanodots linked to chitosan on the working carbon electrode surface enhanced the catalytic performance and overcame the resistance of the cotton fiber material. On this basis, the enhancement of the electrochemiluminescence (ECL) signal of the tris(2,2'-bipyridyl) ruthenium(II) complex, caused by HA, was observed in a phosphate buffer solution at pH 7.6. The proposed CAD-ECL sensor was successfully applied to the quantification of HA in fish and fishery samples with good linearity between ECL intensity and the logarithm of HA concentration in the range 1.0 to 1000.0 µg L-1 with a low detection limit of 0.82 µg L-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jirapatpong Senabut
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Maejo University, Chiang Mai, 50290, Thailand
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Lanna, Chiang Mai, 50300, Thailand
| | - Nisachon Praoboon
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Maejo University, Chiang Mai, 50290, Thailand
| | - Tanin Tangkuaram
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Maejo University, Chiang Mai, 50290, Thailand
| | - Supaporn Sangsrichan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Maejo University, Chiang Mai, 50290, Thailand
| | - Pusit Pookmanee
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Maejo University, Chiang Mai, 50290, Thailand
| | - Surasak Kuimalee
- Department of Industrial Chemistry Innovation, Faculty of Science, Maejo University, Chiang Mai, 50290, Thailand
| | - Sakchai Satienperakul
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Maejo University, Chiang Mai, 50290, Thailand.
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5
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Chen L, Ghiasvand A, Paull B. Applications of thread-based microfluidics: Approaches and options for detection. Trends Analyt Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2023.117001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
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Shen L, Wang YW, Shan HY, Chen J, Wang AJ, Liu W, Yuan PX, Feng JJ. Covalent organic framework linked with amination luminol derivative as enhanced ECL luminophore for ultrasensitive analysis of cytochrome c. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2022; 14:4767-4774. [PMID: 36416105 DOI: 10.1039/d2ay01208a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Cytochrome c (cyt c) plays a critical role in mitochondrial respiratory chain, whose absence is detrimental to electron transport and reduce adenosine triphosphate. For ultrasensitive detection of cyt c, sheet-like covalent organic frameworks (COFs) were prepared by orderly accumulation of 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxaldehyde (BTA) and p-phenylenediamine (PDA), and further grafted with N-(4-aminobutyl)-N-ethylisoluminol (ABEI) - an electrochemiluminescence (ECL) emitter. Specifically, the morphology and structure of the COFs-ABEI were mainly characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). In parallel, the optical properties of the emitter were certified by UV-vis absorbance spectroscopy, Fourier infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), fluorescence (FL), and ECL measurements, showing 2.25-time enhanced ECL efficiency over pure ABEI, coupled by illustrating the interfacial electron transport mechanism. On the above foundation, a label-free "signal off" ECL biosensor was constructed by virtue of the specific immune recognition between the aptamer of the target cyt c with its capture DNA (cDNA) anchored on the biosensing platform, exhibiting a wider linear range of 1.00 fg mL-1-0.10 ng mL-1 (R2 = 0.998) and a lower limit of detection (LOD) down to 0.73 fg mL-1. This work offers some constructive guidelines for sensitive bioassays of disease-related biomarkers in the clinical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luan Shen
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China.
| | - Yi-Wen Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China.
| | - Hong-Yan Shan
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China.
| | - Jun Chen
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China.
| | - Ai-Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China.
| | - Wen Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Donghu Road 169, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Pei-Xin Yuan
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China.
| | - Jiu-Ju Feng
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China.
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Shared-cathode closed bipolar electrochemiluminescence cloth-based chip for multiplex detection. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1206:339446. [PMID: 35473861 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.339446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) chips have been widely used in the field of medical diagnosis. However, most of these chips currently in use are costly and require high amounts of sample. In this work, we present, for the first time, a shared-cathode closed bipolar electrochemiluminescence (SC-CBP-ECL) cloth-based chip, which can be used for multiplex detection. The SC-CBP-ECL chips ($0.03-0.05 for each chip) are manufactured using carbon ink- and wax-based screen-printing techniques, without the need for expensive and complex fabrication equipment. Under optimised conditions, the SC-CBP-ECL chips were successfully used for coinstantaneous detection of glucose in double ECL systems (i.e., Ru(bpy)32+ and luminol), with corresponding linear ranges of 0.05-1 mM and 0.05-10 mM, and detection limits of 0.0382 mM and 0.0422 mM. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the application of fibre material-based closed bipolar electrodes (C-BPE) combined with double ECL systems. Furthermore, the SC-CBP-ECL chips exhibit an acceptable specificity and good reproducibility and stability and can be used for glucose detection in human serum samples with a good agreement compared with the clinical method. Finally, the SC-CBP-ECL chips could be successfully used for simultaneous detection of seven glucose samples and also show potential for simultaneous detection of three different targets (hydrogen peroxide [H2O2], glucose, and uric acid [UA]). Therefore, we believe that the chip described in this study has broad potential application in the field of cost-effective multiplex detection.
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8
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Su Y, Lai W, Liang Y, Zhang C. Novel cloth-based closed bipolar solid-state electrochemiluminescence (CBP-SS-ECL) aptasensor for detecting carcinoembryonic antigen. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1206:339789. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.339789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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9
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Mao X, Zhang C. A microfluidic cloth-based photoelectrochemical analytical device for the detection of glucose in saliva. Talanta 2022; 238:123052. [PMID: 34808571 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.123052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Photoelectrochemical (PEC) detection is a widely used detection method that uses light to stimulate and photocurrent signals to detect the target. Due to the disengagement of the excitation unit and the detection unit, the PEC background signal is reduced, and the detection sensitivity is improved. In this work, we report the first demonstration of PEC detection for microfluidic cloth-based analytical devices (μCADs). Using PEC μCADs integrated with cadmium sulfide quantum dots (CdS QDs) and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), the nonenzymatic, sensitive and rapid measurement of glucose in saliva has been achieved. For the cloth-based device, the PEC reaction zone and cloth-based electrodes can be fabricated by inexpensive wax-based and carbon ink-based screen-printing, respectively. By the layer-by-layer method, the as-prepared poly (dimethyl diadly ammonium chloride-functionalized) MWCNTs (PDDA-MWCNTs) and CdS QDs are successively adsorbed onto the working electrode surface of the cloth-based device. In the presence of an excitation source and glucose, the CdS QDs generate a strong oxidizing electron hole that can then continuously oxidize glucose to produce an electrical signal for glucose detection. Under optimized conditions, a linear dependence is obtained between the PEC signal and glucose concentrations in the range of 0.05-1000 μM with a detection limit of 15.99 nM. In the detection range, the cloth-based device also shows acceptable selectivity, reproducibility, and long-term stability. Moreover, the method has been implemented for the detection of glucose in real saliva samples, suggesting good potential for biochemical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyuan Mao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Chunsun Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China.
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10
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Abstract
Regular health monitoring can result in early detection of disease, accelerate the delivery of medical care and, therefore, considerably improve patient outcomes for countless medical conditions that affect public health. A substantial unmet need remains for technologies that can transform the status quo of reactive health care to preventive, evidence-based, person-centred care. With this goal in mind, platforms that can be easily integrated into people's daily lives and identify a range of biomarkers for health and disease are desirable. However, urine - a biological fluid that is produced in large volumes every day and can be obtained with zero pain, without affecting the daily routine of individuals, and has the most biologically rich content - is discarded into sewers on a regular basis without being processed or monitored. Toilet-based health-monitoring tools in the form of smart toilets could offer preventive home-based continuous health monitoring for early diagnosis of diseases while being connected to data servers (using the Internet of Things) to enable collection of the health status of users. In addition, machine learning methods can assist clinicians to classify, quantify and interpret collected data more rapidly and accurately than they were able to previously. Meanwhile, challenges associated with user acceptance, privacy and test frequency optimization should be considered to facilitate the acceptance of smart toilets in society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savas Tasoglu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey. .,Koç University Translational Medicine Research Center (KUTTAM), Koç University, Sarıyer, Istanbul, Turkey. .,Boğaziçi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Boğaziçi University, Çengelköy, Istanbul, Turkey. .,Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Stuttgart, Germany.
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11
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Agustini D, Caetano FR, Quero RF, Fracassi da Silva JA, Bergamini MF, Marcolino-Junior LH, de Jesus DP. Microfluidic devices based on textile threads for analytical applications: state of the art and prospects. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2021; 13:4830-4857. [PMID: 34647544 DOI: 10.1039/d1ay01337h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic devices based on textile threads have interesting advantages when compared to systems made with traditional materials, such as polymers and inorganic substrates (especially silicon and glass). One of these significant advantages is the device fabrication process, made more cheap and simple, with little or no microfabrication apparatus. This review describes the fundamentals, applications, challenges, and prospects of microfluidic devices fabricated with textile threads. A wide range of applications is discussed, integrated with several analysis methods, such as electrochemical, colorimetric, electrophoretic, chromatographic, and fluorescence. Additionally, the integration of these devices with different substrates (e.g., 3D printed components or fabrics), other devices (e.g., smartphones), and microelectronics is described. These combinations have allowed the construction of fully portable devices and consequently the development of point-of-care and wearable analytical systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deonir Agustini
- Laboratory of Electrochemical Sensors (LABSENSE), Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
| | - Fábio Roberto Caetano
- Laboratory of Electrochemical Sensors (LABSENSE), Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
| | - Reverson Fernandes Quero
- Institute of Chemistry, State University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, SP, 13083-861, Brazil.
| | - José Alberto Fracassi da Silva
- Institute of Chemistry, State University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, SP, 13083-861, Brazil.
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Bioanalítica (INCTBio), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Márcio Fernando Bergamini
- Laboratory of Electrochemical Sensors (LABSENSE), Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
| | | | - Dosil Pereira de Jesus
- Institute of Chemistry, State University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, SP, 13083-861, Brazil.
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Bioanalítica (INCTBio), Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Towaranonte B, Gao Y. Application of Charge-Coupled Device (CCD) Cameras in Electrochemiluminescence: A Minireview. ANAL LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2021.1920971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B. Towaranonte
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Y. Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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13
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Li S, Li J, Geng B, Yang X, Song Z, Li Z, Ding B, Zhang J, Lin W, Yan M. TPE based electrochemiluminescence for ALP selective rapid one-step detection applied in vitro. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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14
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Temirel M, Dabbagh SR, Tasoglu S. Hemp-Based Microfluidics. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12020182. [PMID: 33673025 PMCID: PMC7917756 DOI: 10.3390/mi12020182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Hemp is a sustainable, recyclable, and high-yield annual crop that can be used to produce textiles, plastics, composites, concrete, fibers, biofuels, bionutrients, and paper. The integration of microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (µPADs) with hemp paper can improve the environmental friendliness and high-throughputness of µPADs. However, there is a lack of sufficient scientific studies exploring the functionality, pros, and cons of hemp as a substrate for µPADs. Herein, we used a desktop pen plotter and commercial markers to pattern hydrophobic barriers on hemp paper, in a single step, in order to characterize the ability of markers to form water-resistant patterns on hemp. In addition, since a higher resolution results in densely packed, cost-effective devices with a minimized need for costly reagents, we examined the smallest and thinnest water-resistant patterns plottable on hemp-based papers. Furthermore, the wicking speed and distance of fluids with different viscosities on Whatman No. 1 and hemp papers were compared. Additionally, the wettability of hemp and Whatman grade 1 paper was compared by measuring their contact angles. Besides, the effects of various channel sizes, as well as the number of branches, on the wicking distance of the channeled hemp paper was studied. The governing equations for the wicking distance on channels with laser-cut and hydrophobic side boundaries are presented and were evaluated with our experimental data, elucidating the applicability of the modified Washburn equation for modeling the wicking distance of fluids on hemp paper-based microfluidic devices. Finally, we validated hemp paper as a substrate for the detection and analysis of the potassium concentration in artificial urine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikail Temirel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA;
| | - Sajjad Rahmani Dabbagh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Koç University, Sariyer, Istanbul 34450, Turkey;
- Koç University Arçelik Research Center for Creative Industries (KUAR), Koç University, Sariyer, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
| | - Savas Tasoglu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Koç University, Sariyer, Istanbul 34450, Turkey;
- Koç University Arçelik Research Center for Creative Industries (KUAR), Koç University, Sariyer, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
- Boğaziçi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Boğaziçi University, Çengelköy, Istanbul 34684, Turkey
- Koc University Research Center for Translational Medicine, Koç University, Sariyer, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
- Center for Life Sciences and Technologies, Bogazici University, Bebek, Istanbul 34470, Turkey
- Correspondence:
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15
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Chi J, Zhang X, Wang Y, Shao C, Shang L, Zhao Y. Bio-inspired wettability patterns for biomedical applications. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2021; 8:124-144. [PMID: 34821293 DOI: 10.1039/d0mh01293a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Benefiting from the remarkable wettability heterogeneity, bio-inspired wettability patterns present a progressive and versatile platform for manipulating and patterning liquids, which provides an emerging strategy for operating liquid samples with crucial values in biomedical applications. In this review, we present a general summary of bio-inspired wettability patterns. After a compendious introduction of natural wettability phenomena and their underlying mechanisms, we summarize the general design principles and fabrication methods for preparing artificial wettability materials. Next, we shift to patterned surface wettability with an emphasis on the fabrication approaches. Then, we discuss in detail the various practical applications of wettability patterns in the biomedical field, including cell culture, drug screening and biosensors. Critical thinking about the current challenges and future outlook is also provided. We believe that this review would propel the prosperous development of bio-inspired wettability patterns to flourish in the field of biomedical engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Chi
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China.
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16
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Tasaengtong B, Sameenoi Y. A one-step polymer screen-printing method for fabrication of microfluidic cloth-based analytical devices. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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17
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Gross EM, Porter LR, Stark NR, Lowry ER, Schaffer LV, Maddipati SS, Hoyt DJ, Stombaugh SE, Peila SR, Henry CS. Micromolded Carbon Paste Microelectrodes for Electrogenerated Chemiluminescent Detection on Microfluidic Devices. ChemElectroChem 2020; 7:3244-3252. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202000366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erin M. Gross
- Department of ChemistryCreighton University 2500 California Plaza Omaha NE 68178 USA
| | - Laura R. Porter
- Department of ChemistryCreighton University 2500 California Plaza Omaha NE 68178 USA
| | - Nicholas R. Stark
- Department of ChemistryCreighton University 2500 California Plaza Omaha NE 68178 USA
| | - Emily R. Lowry
- Department of ChemistryCreighton University 2500 California Plaza Omaha NE 68178 USA
| | - Leah V. Schaffer
- Department of ChemistryCreighton University 2500 California Plaza Omaha NE 68178 USA
| | - Sai Sujana Maddipati
- Department of ChemistryCreighton University 2500 California Plaza Omaha NE 68178 USA
| | - Dylan J. Hoyt
- Department of ChemistryCreighton University 2500 California Plaza Omaha NE 68178 USA
| | - Sarah E. Stombaugh
- Department of ChemistryCreighton University 2500 California Plaza Omaha NE 68178 USA
| | - Sarah R. Peila
- Department of ChemistryCreighton University 2500 California Plaza Omaha NE 68178 USA
| | - Charles S. Henry
- Department of ChemistryColorado State University Fort Collins CO 80523 USA
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18
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Microfluidic cloth-based analytical devices: Emerging technologies and applications. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 168:112391. [PMID: 32862091 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cloth (or fabric) is an omnipresent material that has various applications in everyday life, and has become one of the things people are most familiar with. It has some attractive properties such as low cost, ability to transport fluid by capillary force, high tensile strength and durability, good wet strength, and great biocompatibility and biodegradability. Hence, cloth is an ideal material for the development of economical and user-friendly diagnostic devices for many applications including food detection, environmental monitoring, disease diagnosis and public health. Microfluidic cloth-based analytical devices (μCADs) (or microfluidic fabric-based analytical devices (μFADs)) first emerged in 2011 as a low-cost alternative to conventional laboratory testing, with the goal of improving point of care testing and disease screening in the developing world. In this review, we examine the advances in the development of μCADs from 2011 to 2020, especially highlighting emerging technologies and applications related to the μCADs. First, different fabrication methods for μCADs are introduced and compared. Second, a series of cloth-based microfluidic functional components are discussed, including microvalves, fluid velocity control elements, micromixers, and microfilters. Then, electroanalytical μCADs are described, especially focusing on the use of cloth-based electrodes. Next, various detection methods for μCADs, together with their corresponding applications, are compared and categorized. In addition, the current development of wearable μCADs is also demonstrated. Finally, the future outlook and trends in this field are discussed.
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19
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Jiang J, Wu H, Su Y, Liang Y, Shu B, Zhang C. Electrochemical Cloth-Based DNA Sensors (ECDSs): A New Class of Electrochemical Gene Sensors. Anal Chem 2020; 92:7708-7716. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c00669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Jiang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
- College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Hongyang Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
- College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Yan Su
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
- College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Yi Liang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
- College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Bowen Shu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510180, China
| | - Chunsun Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
- College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
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20
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Ultrasensitive cloth-based microfluidic chemiluminescence detection of Listeria monocytogenes hlyA gene by hemin/G-quadruplex DNAzyme and hybridization chain reaction signal amplification. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:3787-3797. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02633-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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21
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Wu H, Ma Z, Wei C, Jiang M, Hong X, Li Y, Chen D, Huang X. Three-Dimensional Microporous Hollow Fiber Membrane Microfluidic Device Integrated with Selective Separation and Capillary Self-Driven for Point-of-Care Testing. Anal Chem 2020; 92:6358-6365. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b05342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Zhen Ma
- School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Chenjie Wei
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Min Jiang
- School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Xiao Hong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yang Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Dajing Chen
- School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Xiaojun Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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22
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Weng X, Kang Y, Guo Q, Peng B, Jiang H. Recent advances in thread-based microfluidics for diagnostic applications. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 132:171-185. [PMID: 30875629 PMCID: PMC7127036 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decades, researchers have been seeking attractive substrate materials to keep microfluidics improving to outbalance the drawbacks and issues. Cellulose substrates, including thread, paper and hydrogels are alternatives due to their distinct structural and mechanical properties for a number of applications. Thread have gained considerable attention and become promising powerful tool due to its advantages over paper-based systems thus finds numerous applications in the development of diagnostic systems, smart bandages and tissue engineering. To the best of our knowledge, no comprehensive review articles on the topic of thread-based microfluidics have been published and it is of significance for many scientific communities working on Microfluidics, Biosensors and Lab-on-Chip. This review gives an overview of the advances of thread-based microfluidic diagnostic devices in a variety of applications. It begins with an overall introduction of the fabrication followed by an in-depth review on the detection techniques in such devices and various applications with respect to effort and performance to date. A few perspective directions of thread-based microfluidics in its development are also discussed. Thread-based microfluidics are still at an early development stage and further improvements in terms of fabrication, analytical strategies, and function to become low-cost, low-volume and easy-to-use point-of-care (POC) diagnostic devices that can be adapted or commercialized for real world applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Weng
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611731, China
| | - Yuejun Kang
- Institute for Clean Energy and Advanced Materials, Faculty of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Qian Guo
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611731, China
| | - Bei Peng
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611731, China
| | - Hai Jiang
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611731, China.
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23
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Farajikhah S, Cabot JM, Innis PC, Paull B, Wallace G. Life-Saving Threads: Advances in Textile-Based Analytical Devices. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2019; 21:229-240. [PMID: 30640423 DOI: 10.1021/acscombsci.8b00126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Novel approaches that incorporate electrofluidic and microfluidic technologies are reviewed to illustrate the translation of traditional enclosed structures into open and accessible textile based platforms. Through the utilization of on-fiber and on-textile microfluidics, it is possible to invert the typical enclosed capillary column or microfluidic "chip" platform, to achieve surface accessible efficient separations and fluid handling, while maintaining a microfluidic environment. The open fiber/textile based fluidics approach immediately provides new possibilities to interrogate, manipulate, redirect, extract, characterize, and quantify solutes and target species at any point in time during such processes as on-fiber electrodriven separations. This approach is revolutionary in its simplicity and provides many potential advantages not otherwise afforded by the more traditional enclosed platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syamak Farajikhah
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Electromaterials Science (ACES), AIIM Facility, Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong, New South Wales 2500, Australia
| | - Joan M. Cabot
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS) and ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science (ACES), School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Tasmania 7005, Australia
| | - Peter C. Innis
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Electromaterials Science (ACES), AIIM Facility, Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong, New South Wales 2500, Australia
- Australian National Fabrication Facility − Materials Node, Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
| | - Brett Paull
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS) and ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science (ACES), School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Tasmania 7005, Australia
| | - Gordon Wallace
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Electromaterials Science (ACES), AIIM Facility, Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong, New South Wales 2500, Australia
- Australian National Fabrication Facility − Materials Node, Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
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Cao Q, Liang B, Tu T, Wei J, Fang L, Ye X. Three-dimensional paper-based microfluidic electrochemical integrated devices (3D-PMED) for wearable electrochemical glucose detection. RSC Adv 2019; 9:5674-5681. [PMID: 35515907 PMCID: PMC9060762 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra09157a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Wearable electrochemical sensors have attracted tremendous attention in recent years. Here, a three-dimensional paper-based microfluidic electrochemical integrated device (3D-PMED) was demonstrated for real-time monitoring of sweat metabolites. The 3D-PMED was fabricated by wax screen-printing patterns on cellulose paper and then folding the pre-patterned paper four times to form five stacked layers: the sweat collector, vertical channel, transverse channel, electrode layer and sweat evaporator. A sweat monitoring device was realized by integrating a screen-printed glucose sensor on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate with the fabricated 3D-PMED. The sweat flow process in 3D-PMED was modelled with red ink to demonstrate the capability of collecting, analyzing and evaporating sweat, due to the capillary action of filter paper and hydrophobicity of wax. The glucose sensor was designed with a high sensitivity (35.7 μA mM-1 cm-2) and low detection limit (5 μM), considering the low concentration of glucose in sweat. An on-body experiment was carried out to validate the practicability of the three-dimensional sweat monitoring device. Such a 3D-PMED can be readily expanded for the simultaneous monitoring of alternative sweat electrolytes and metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingpeng Cao
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Innovation Center for Minimally Invasive Technique and Device, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 P. R. China +86 571 87951676 +86 571 87952756
| | - Bo Liang
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Innovation Center for Minimally Invasive Technique and Device, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 P. R. China +86 571 87951676 +86 571 87952756
| | - Tingting Tu
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Innovation Center for Minimally Invasive Technique and Device, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 P. R. China +86 571 87951676 +86 571 87952756
| | - Jinwei Wei
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Innovation Center for Minimally Invasive Technique and Device, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 P. R. China +86 571 87951676 +86 571 87952756
| | - Lu Fang
- College of Life Information Science and Instrument Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University Hangzhou 310018 P. R. China
| | - Xuesong Ye
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Innovation Center for Minimally Invasive Technique and Device, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 P. R. China +86 571 87951676 +86 571 87952756
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25
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Mi S, Xia J, Xu Y, Du Z, Sun W. An integrated microchannel biosensor platform to analyse low density lactate metabolism in HepG2 cells in vitro. RSC Adv 2019; 9:9006-9013. [PMID: 35517697 PMCID: PMC9062021 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra00694j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we developed an electrochemical microchannel biosensor platform to analyse lactate metabolism in cells. This biosensor platform was fabricated by photolithography, thin-film deposition and microfluidic technology. A kind of functional biomaterial was prepared by mixing lactate oxidase, single-walled carbon nanotubes and chitosan, and platinum as working and blank electrodes of the biosensor was modified by a thin Prussian blue layer. The lactate biosensor was obtained by dropping functional biomaterials on the electrode. The results demonstrated that the sensitivity of the electrochemical biosensor was up to 567 nA mM−1 mm−2 and the limit of detection was 4.5 μM (vs. Ag/AgCl as the counter/reference electrode). The biosensor used to quantitatively detect metabolic lactate concentrations in HepG2 cells cultured with cancer drugs showed high sensitivity, selectivity and stability, and has potential applications in organ-on-a-chip and tissue engineering technologies, which typically involve low concentrations of metabolites. In this study, we developed an electrochemical microchannel biosensor platform to analyse lactate metabolism in cells.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengli Mi
- Graduate School at Shenzhen
- Tsinghua University
- Shenzhen 51805
- P. R. China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics
| | - Jingjing Xia
- Graduate School at Shenzhen
- Tsinghua University
- Shenzhen 51805
- P. R. China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics
| | - Yuanyuan Xu
- Graduate School at Shenzhen
- Tsinghua University
- Shenzhen 51805
- P. R. China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics
| | - Zhichang Du
- Graduate School at Shenzhen
- Tsinghua University
- Shenzhen 51805
- P. R. China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics
| | - Wei Sun
- Graduate School at Shenzhen
- Tsinghua University
- Shenzhen 51805
- P. R. China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics
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26
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Zhang Y, Zhang R, Yang X, Qi H, Zhang C. Recent advances in electrogenerated chemiluminescence biosensing methods for pharmaceuticals. J Pharm Anal 2018; 9:9-19. [PMID: 30740252 PMCID: PMC6355466 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrogenerated chemiluminescence (electrochemiluminescence, ECL) generates species at electrode surfaces, which undergoes electron-transfer reactions and forms excited states to emit light. It has become a very powerful analytical technique and has been widely used in such as clinical testing, biowarfare agent detection, and pharmaceutical analysis. This review focuses on the current trends of molecular recognition-based biosensing methods for pharmaceutical analysis since 2010. It introduces a background of ECL and presents the recent ECL developments in ECL immunoassay (ECLIA), immunosensors, enzyme-based biosensors, aptamer-based biosensors, and molecularly imprinted polymers (MIP)-based sensors. At last, the future perspective for these analytical methods is briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Medpace Bioanalytical Laboratories, 5365 Medpace Way, Cincinnati, OH 45227, USA
| | - Rui Zhang
- School of Informatics, Computing, and Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Xiaolin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
| | - Honglan Qi
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
| | - Chengxiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
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27
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Li G, Qiu S, Zhang Y, Li M, Guan M. Label-Free Electrochemiluminescent Determination of DNA Using Luminol and Hemin Functionalized Nanoparticles. ANAL LETT 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2018.1520239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guixin Li
- Engineering Research Center of Electrochemical Technology and Application, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Shuyin Qiu
- Engineering Research Center of Electrochemical Technology and Application, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yanhui Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Electrochemical Technology and Application, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Mengfei Li
- Engineering Research Center of Electrochemical Technology and Application, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Ming Guan
- Engineering Research Center of Electrochemical Technology and Application, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
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28
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Cabot JM, Macdonald NP, Phung SC, Breadmore MC, Paull B. Fibre-based electrofluidics on low cost versatile 3D printed platforms for solute delivery, separations and diagnostics; from small molecules to intact cells. Analyst 2018; 141:6422-6431. [PMID: 27786314 DOI: 10.1039/c6an01515h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
A novel and effective fibre-based microfluidic methodology was developed to move and isolate charged solutes, biomolecules, and intact bacterial cells, based upon a novel multi-functional 3D printed supporting platform, with potential applications in the fields of microfluidics and biodiagnostics. Various on-fibre electrophoretic techniques are demonstrated to separate, pre-concentrate, move, split, or cut and collect the isolated zones of target solutes, including proteins and live bacterial cells. The use of knotting to link different fibre materials, and the unique ability of this approach to physically concentrate solutes in different locations are shown such that the concentrated solutes can be physically isolated and easily transferred to other fibres. Application of this novel fibre-based technique within a potential diagnostic platform for urinary tract infection is shown, together with the post-electrophoretic incubation of live bacterial cells, demonstrating the cell survival following on-fibre electrophoretic concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan M Cabot
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science (ACES), School of Physical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia. and Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Physical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
| | - Niall P Macdonald
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science (ACES), School of Physical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia. and Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Physical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
| | - Sui C Phung
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Physical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
| | - Michael C Breadmore
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science (ACES), School of Physical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia. and Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Physical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
| | - Brett Paull
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science (ACES), School of Physical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia. and Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Physical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
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29
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Chatterjee S, Sinha Mahapatra P, Ibrahim A, Ganguly R, Yu L, Dodge R, Megaridis CM. Precise Liquid Transport on and through Thin Porous Materials. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:2865-2875. [PMID: 29377702 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b04093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Porous substrates have the ability to transport liquids not only laterally on their open surfaces but also transversally through their thickness. Directionality of the fluid transport can be achieved through spatial wettability patterning of these substrates. Different designs of wettability patterns are implemented herein to attain different schemes (modes) of three-dimensional transport in a high-density paper towel, which acts as a thin porous matrix directing the fluid. All schemes facilitate precise transport of metered liquid microvolumes (dispensed as droplets) on the surface and through the substrate. One selected mode features lateral fluid transport along the bottom surface of the substrate, with the top surface remaining dry, except at the initial droplet dispension point. This configuration is investigated in further detail, and an analytical model is developed to predict the temporal variation of the penetrating drop shape. The analysis and respective measurements agree within the experimental error limits, thus confirming the model's ability to account for the main transport mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souvick Chatterjee
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Pallab Sinha Mahapatra
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras , Chennai 600036, India
| | - Ali Ibrahim
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Ranjan Ganguly
- Department of Power Engineering, Jadavpur University , Kolkata 700098, India
| | - Lisha Yu
- Corporate Research and Engineering, Kimberly-Clark Corporation , Neenah, Wisconsin 54956, United States
| | - Richard Dodge
- Corporate Research and Engineering, Kimberly-Clark Corporation , Neenah, Wisconsin 54956, United States
| | - Constantine M Megaridis
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
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30
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Cabot JM, Breadmore MC, Paull B. Thread based electrofluidic platform for direct metabolite analysis in complex samples. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1000:283-292. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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31
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Liu Y, Cai M, Wu W, Fang Y, She P, Xu S, Li J, Zhao K, Xu J, Bao N, Deng A. Multichannel electroanalytical devices for competitive ELISA of phenylethanolamine A. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 99:21-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2017] [Revised: 04/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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32
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Bipolar electrochemiluminescence on thread: A new class of electroanalytical sensors. Biosens Bioelectron 2017; 94:335-343. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2017.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 02/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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33
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Gross EM, Durant HE, Hipp KN, Lai RY. Electrochemiluminescence Detection in Paper-Based and Other Inexpensive Microfluidic Devices. ChemElectroChem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201700426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Erin M. Gross
- Department of Chemistry; Creighton University; Omaha NE 68178 USA
| | - Hannah E. Durant
- Department of Chemistry; Creighton University; Omaha NE 68178 USA
| | - Kenneth N. Hipp
- Department of Chemistry; University of Nebraska-Lincoln; Lincoln NE 68588-0304 USA
| | - Rebecca Y. Lai
- Department of Chemistry; University of Nebraska-Lincoln; Lincoln NE 68588-0304 USA
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34
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Hsu CW, Longhi E, Sinn S, Hawes CS, Young DC, Kruger PE, Cola LD. Pyrazolo[4,3-h]quinoline Ligand-Based Iridium(III) Complexes for Electrochemiluminescence. Chem Asian J 2017; 12:1649-1658. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201700556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Wei Hsu
- Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS); Université Strasbourg; 8 allée Gaspard Monge 67083 Strasbourg France
- Institut für Nanotechnologie (INT); Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT); Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Elena Longhi
- Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS); Université Strasbourg; 8 allée Gaspard Monge 67083 Strasbourg France
| | - Stephan Sinn
- Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS); Université Strasbourg; 8 allée Gaspard Monge 67083 Strasbourg France
- Institut für Nanotechnologie (INT); Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT); Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Chris S. Hawes
- Department of Chemistry, MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology; University of Canterbury; Private Bag 4800 Christchurch 8041 New Zealand
| | - David C. Young
- Department of Chemistry, MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology; University of Canterbury; Private Bag 4800 Christchurch 8041 New Zealand
| | - Paul E. Kruger
- Department of Chemistry, MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology; University of Canterbury; Private Bag 4800 Christchurch 8041 New Zealand
| | - Luisa De Cola
- Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS); Université Strasbourg; 8 allée Gaspard Monge 67083 Strasbourg France
- Institut für Nanotechnologie (INT); Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT); Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
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Li H, Liu C, Wang D, Zhang C. Chemiluminescence cloth-based glucose test sensors (CCGTSs): A new class of chemiluminescence glucose sensors. Biosens Bioelectron 2017; 91:268-275. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Li H, Wang D, Liu C, Liu R, Zhang C. Facile and sensitive chemiluminescence detection of H2O2 and glucose by a gravity/capillary flow and cloth-based low-cost platform. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra06721f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A gravity/capillary flow and cloth-based low-cost platform is proposed for the facile and sensitive chemiluminescence detection of H2O2 and glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijie Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science
- Institute of Laser Life Science
- College of Biophotonics
- South China Normal University
- Guangzhou 510631
| | - Dan Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science
- Institute of Laser Life Science
- College of Biophotonics
- South China Normal University
- Guangzhou 510631
| | - Cuiling Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science
- Institute of Laser Life Science
- College of Biophotonics
- South China Normal University
- Guangzhou 510631
| | - Rui Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science
- Institute of Laser Life Science
- College of Biophotonics
- South China Normal University
- Guangzhou 510631
| | - Chunsun Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science
- Institute of Laser Life Science
- College of Biophotonics
- South China Normal University
- Guangzhou 510631
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37
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Yao Y, Li H, Wang D, Liu C, Zhang C. An electrochemiluminescence cloth-based biosensor with smartphone-based imaging for detection of lactate in saliva. Analyst 2017; 142:3715-3724. [DOI: 10.1039/c7an01008g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
An electrochemiluminescence cloth-based biosensor with smartphone-based imaging is firstly proposed, and is applied for facile detection of lactate in saliva.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Yao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science
- College of Biophotonics
- South China Normal University
- Guangzhou 510631
- China
| | - Huijie Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science
- College of Biophotonics
- South China Normal University
- Guangzhou 510631
- China
| | - Dan Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science
- College of Biophotonics
- South China Normal University
- Guangzhou 510631
- China
| | - Cuiling Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science
- College of Biophotonics
- South China Normal University
- Guangzhou 510631
- China
| | - Chunsun Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science
- College of Biophotonics
- South China Normal University
- Guangzhou 510631
- China
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Liu M, Liu R, Wang D, Liu C, Zhang C. A low-cost, ultraflexible cloth-based microfluidic device for wireless electrochemiluminescence application. LAB ON A CHIP 2016; 16:2860-2870. [PMID: 27356231 DOI: 10.1039/c6lc00289g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The rising need for low-cost diagnostic devices has led to the search for inexpensive matrices that allow performing alternative analytical assays. Cloth is a viable material for the development of analytical devices due to its low material and manufacture costs, ability to wick assay fluids by capillary forces, and potential for patterning multiplexed channel geometries. In this paper, we describe the construction of low-cost, ultraflexible microfluidic cloth-based analytical devices (μCADs) for wireless electrochemiluminescence based on closed bipolar electrodes (C-WL-ECL), employing extremely cheap materials and a manufacturing process. The C-WL-ECL μCADs are built with wax-screen-printed cloth channels and carbon ink screen-printed electrodes, and the estimated cost per device is only $0.015. To demonstrate the performance of C-WL-ECL μCADs, the two most commonly used ECL systems - tris(2,2'-bipyridyl)ruthenium(ii)/tri-n-propylamine (Ru(bpy)3(2+)/TPA) and 3-aminophthalhydrazide/hydrogen peroxide (luminol/H2O2) - are applied. Under optimized conditions, the C-WL-ECL method has successfully fulfilled the quantitative determination of TPA with a detection limit of 0.085 mM. In addition, on the bent μCADs (bending angle (θ) = 180°), the luminol/H2O2-based ECL system can detect H2O2 as low as 0.024 mM. Based on such an ECL system, the bent μCADs are further used for determination of glucose in a phosphate buffer solution (PBS), with the detection limit of 0.195 mM. Finally, the applicability and validity, anti-interference ability, and storage stability of the C-WL-ECL μCADs are investigated. The results indicate that the proposed device has shown potential to extend the use of microfluidic analytical devices, due to its simplicity, low cost, ultraflexibility, and acceptable analytical performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, No. 55, Zhongshan Avenue West, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510631, China.
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Li QL, Ding SN. Double signal amplification sandwich-structured immunosensor based on TiO 2 nanoparticles enhanced CdSe@ZnS QDs electrochemiluminescence and the dramatic quenching effect of Au@polydopamine nanoparticles. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-016-1097-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Ulum MF, Maylina L, Noviana D, Wicaksono DHB. EDTA-treated cotton-thread microfluidic device used for one-step whole blood plasma separation and assay. LAB ON A CHIP 2016; 16:1492-1504. [PMID: 27021631 DOI: 10.1039/c6lc00175k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to observe the wicking and separation characteristics of blood plasma in a cotton thread matrix functioning as a microfluidic thread-based analytical device (μTAD). We investigated several cotton thread treatment methods using ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) anticoagulant solution for wicking whole blood samples and separating its plasma. The blood of healthy Indonesian thin tailed sheep was used in this study to understand the properties of horizontal wicking and separation on the EDTA-treated μTAD. The wicking distance and blood cell separation from its plasma was observed for 120 s and documented using a digital phone camera. The results show that untreated cotton-threads stopped the blood wicking process on the μTAD. On the other hand, the deposition of EDTA anticoagulant followed by its drying on the thread at room temperature for 10 s provides the longest blood wicking with gradual blood plasma separation. Furthermore, the best results in terms of the longest wicking and the clearest on-thread separation boundary between blood cells and its plasma were obtained using the μTAD treated with EDTA deposition followed by 60 min drying at refrigerated temperature (2-8 °C). The separation length of blood plasma in the μTADs treated with dried-EDTA at both room and refrigerated temperatures was not statistically different (P > 0.05). This separation occurs through the synergy of three factors, cotton fiber, EDTA anticoagulant and blood platelets, which induce the formation of a fibrin-filter via a partial coagulation process in the EDTA-treated μTAD. An albumin assay was employed to demonstrate the efficiency of this plasma separation method during a one-step assay on the μTAD. Albumin in blood is an important biomarker for kidney and heart disease. The μTAD has a slightly better limit of detection (LOD) than conventional blood analysis, with an LOD of 114 mg L(-1) compared to 133 mg L(-1), respectively. However, the μTAD performed faster to get results after 3 min compared to 14 min for centrifuged analysis of sheep blood samples. In conclusion, on-thread dried-EDTA anticoagulant deposition was able to increase the wicking distance and has a better capability to separate blood plasma and is suitable for combining separation and the assay system in a single device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mokhamad Fakhrul Ulum
- Medical Devices and Technology Group (MediTeg), Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Skudai 81310, Johor, Malaysia. and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), Bogor, Indonesia.
| | - Leni Maylina
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), Bogor, Indonesia.
| | - Deni Noviana
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), Bogor, Indonesia.
| | - Dedy Hermawan Bagus Wicaksono
- Medical Devices and Technology Group (MediTeg), Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Skudai 81310, Johor, Malaysia. and IJN-UTM Cardiovascular Engineering Centre (CEC), Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Skudai 81310, Johor, Malaysia
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Shamsi MH, Choi K, Ng AHC, Chamberlain MD, Wheeler AR. Electrochemiluminescence on digital microfluidics for microRNA analysis. Biosens Bioelectron 2015; 77:845-52. [PMID: 26516684 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) is a sensitive analytical technique with great promise for biological applications, especially when combined with microfluidics. Here, we report the first integration of ECL with digital microfluidics (DMF). ECL detectors were fabricated into the ITO-coated top plates of DMF devices, allowing for the generation of light from electrically excited luminophores in sample droplets. The new system was characterized by making electrochemical and ECL measurements of soluble mixtures of tris(phenanthroline)ruthenium(II) and tripropylamine (TPA) solutions. The system was then validated by application to an oligonucleotide hybridization assay, using magnetic particles bearing 21-mer, deoxyribose analogues of the complement to microRNA-143 (miRNA-143). The system detects single nucleotide mismatches with high specificity, and has a limit of detection of 1.5 femtomoles. The system is capable of detecting miRNA-143 in cancer cell lysates, allowing for the discrimination between the MCF-7 (less aggressive) and MDA-MB-231 (more aggressive) cell lines. We propose that DMF-ECL represents a valuable new tool in the microfluidics toolbox for a wide variety of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohtashim H Shamsi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St George St., Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 3H6; Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, 160 College St., Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 3E1
| | - Kihwan Choi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St George St., Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 3H6; Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, 160 College St., Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 3E1
| | - Alphonsus H C Ng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St George St., Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 3H6; Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, 160 College St., Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 3E1; Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College St., Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 3G9
| | - M Dean Chamberlain
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St George St., Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 3H6; Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, 160 College St., Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 3E1
| | - Aaron R Wheeler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St George St., Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 3H6; Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, 160 College St., Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 3E1; Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College St., Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 3G9.
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