1
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Jiang XY, Kwon E, Wen JC, Bedia J, Thanh BX, Ghotekar S, Lee J, Tsai YC, Ebrahimi A, Lin KYA. Direct growth of nano-worm-like Cu 2S on copper mesh as a hierarchical 3D catalyst for Fenton-like degradation of an imidazolium room-temperature ionic liquid in water. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 638:39-53. [PMID: 36731217 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The increasing consumption of room-temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) inevitably releases RTILs into the water environment, posing serious threats to aquatic ecology due to the toxicities of RTILs. Thus, urgent needs are necessitated for developing useful processes for removing RTILs from water, and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (C4mimCl), the most common RTIL, would be the most representative RTIL for studying the removal of RTILs from water. As advanced oxidation processes with hydrogen peroxide (HP) are validated as useful approaches for eliminating emerging contaminants, developing advantageous heterogeneous catalysts for activating HP is the key to the successful degradation of C4mim. Herein, a hierarchical structure is fabricated by growing Cu2S on copper mesh (CSCM) utilizing CM as a Cu source. Compared to its precursor, CuO@CM, this CSCM exhibited tremendously higher catalytic activity for catalyzing HP to degrade C4mim efficiently because CSCM exhibits much more superior electrochemical properties and reactive sites, allowing CSCM to degrade C4mim rapidly. CSCM also exhibits a smaller Ea of C4mim elimination than all values in the literature. CSCM also shows a high capacity and stability for activating HP to degrade C4mim in the presence of NaCl and seawater. Besides, the mechanistic investigation of C4mim elimination by CSCM-activated HP has also been clarified and ascribed to OH and 1O2. The elimination route could also be examined and disclosed in detail through the quantum computational chemistry, confirming that CSCM is a useful catalyst for catalyzing HP to degrade RTILs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yu Jiang
- Department of Environmental Engineering & Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Eilhann Kwon
- Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, SeongDong-Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jet-Chau Wen
- National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Douliu, Yunlin County, Taiwan
| | - Jorge Bedia
- Chemical Engineering Department, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Campus Cantoblanco, Madrid E-28049, Spain
| | - Bui Xuan Thanh
- Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam
| | - Suresh Ghotekar
- Department of Chemistry, Smt. Devkiba Mohansinhji Chauhan College of Commerce & Science, University of Mumbai, Silvassa 396 230, Dadra and Nagar Haveli (UT), India
| | - Jechan Lee
- Department of Global Smart City & School of Civil, Architectural Engineering, and Landscape Architecture, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yu-Chih Tsai
- Department of Environmental Engineering & Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Afshin Ebrahimi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Environment Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Kun-Yi Andrew Lin
- Department of Environmental Engineering & Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan.
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2
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Thevendran R, Foo KL, Hussin MH, Moses EJ, Citartan M, Prasad HR, Maheswaran S. Reverse Electrochemical Sensing of FLT3-ITD Mutations in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Using Gold Sputtered ZnO-Nanorod Configured DNA Biosensors. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:170. [PMID: 35323440 PMCID: PMC8946250 DOI: 10.3390/bios12030170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Detection of genetic mutations leading to hematological malignancies is a key factor in the early diagnosis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). FLT3-ITD mutations are an alarming gene defect found commonly in AML patients associated with high cases of leukemia and low survival rates. Available diagnostic assessments for FLT3-ITD are incapable of combining cost-effective detection platforms with high analytical performances. To circumvent this, we developed an efficient DNA biosensor for the recognition of AML caused by FLT3-ITD mutation utilizing electrochemical impedance characterization. The system was designed by adhering gold-sputtered zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods onto interdigitated electrode (IDE) sensor chips. The sensing surface was biointerfaced with capture probes designed to hybridize with unmutated FLT3 sequences instead of the mutated FLT3-ITD gene, establishing a reverse manner of target detection. The developed biosensor demonstrated specific detection of mutated FLT3 genes, with high levels of sensitivity in response to analyte concentrations as low as 1 nM. The sensor also exhibited a stable functional life span of more than five weeks with good reproducibility and high discriminatory properties against FLT3 gene targets. Hence, the developed sensor is a promising tool for rapid and low-cost diagnostic applications relevant to the clinical prognosis of AML stemming from FLT3-ITD mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Thevendran
- Infectomics Cluster, Advanced Medical & Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bertam, Kepala Batas 13200, Malaysia; (R.T.); (M.C.)
| | - Kai Loong Foo
- Nano Biochip Research Group, Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Kangar 01000, Malaysia;
| | - Mohd Hazwan Hussin
- Materials Technology Research Group (MaTReC), School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Malaysia;
| | - Emmanuel Jairaj Moses
- Regenerative Medicine Cluster, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bertam, Kepala Batas 13200, Malaysia;
| | - Marimuthu Citartan
- Infectomics Cluster, Advanced Medical & Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bertam, Kepala Batas 13200, Malaysia; (R.T.); (M.C.)
| | | | - Solayappan Maheswaran
- Regenerative Medicine Cluster, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bertam, Kepala Batas 13200, Malaysia;
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, AIMST University, Bedong 08100, Malaysia
- Centre of Excellence for Nanobiotechnology & Nanomedicine (CoExNano), Faculty of Applied Sciences, AIMST University, Bedong 08100, Malaysia
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3
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He W, Qiao B, Li F, Pan L, Chen D, Cao Y, Tu J, Wang X, Lv C, Wu Q. A novel electrochemical biosensor for ultrasensitive Hg 2+ detection via a triple signal amplification strategy. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:619-622. [PMID: 33346300 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc07268k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We developed a novel electrochemical biosensor for ultrasensitive Hg2+ detection via a triple signal amplification strategy of a DNA dual cycle, organic-inorganic hybrid nanoflowers (Cu3(PO4)2 HNFs) and gold nanoparticle (AuNP) probe. The DNA dual cycle was triggered by exonuclease III (Exo III) in the presence of Hg2+, and Cu3(PO4)2 HNFs were synthesized as an AuNP probe carrier. The electrochemical biosensor displayed high stability, high sensitivity and excellent specificity, which was improved by up to seven orders of magnitude compared to the World Health Organization (WHO) allowed Hg2+ levels in drinking water. This signal amplification strategy could be easily modified and extended to detect other hazardous heavy metals and nucleic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang He
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
| | - Bin Qiao
- School of Tropical Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma of Ministry of Education, Research Unit of Island Emergency Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (No. 2019RU013), Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China.
| | - Fengzhen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
| | - Lisha Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
| | - Delun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China. and School of Tropical Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma of Ministry of Education, Research Unit of Island Emergency Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (No. 2019RU013), Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China.
| | - Yang Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China. and Qiongtai Normal University, Haikou, 571127, China
| | - Jinchun Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
| | - Chuanzhu Lv
- Department of Emergency, Hainan Clinical Research Center for Acute and Critical Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Emergency and Trauma College, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China.
| | - Qiang Wu
- School of Tropical Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma of Ministry of Education, Research Unit of Island Emergency Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (No. 2019RU013), Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China.
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4
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Vasudevan M, Tai MJY, Perumal V, Gopinath SCB, Murthe SS, Ovinis M, Mohamed NM, Joshi N. Highly sensitive and selective acute myocardial infarction detection using aptamer-tethered MoS 2 nanoflower and screen-printed electrodes. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2020; 68:1386-1395. [PMID: 33140493 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Cardiac troponin I (cTn1) is a commonly used biomarker for the diagnosis of AMI. Although there are various detection methods for the rapid detection of cTn1 such as optical, electrochemical, and acoustic techniques, electrochemical aptasensing techniques are commonly used because of their ease of handling, portability, and compactness. In this study, an electrochemical cTn1 biosensor, MoS2 nanoflowers on screen-printed electrodes assisted by aptamer, was synthesized using hydrothermal technique. Field emission scanning electron microscopy revealed distinct 2D nanosheets and jagged flower-like 3D MoS2 nanoflower structure, with X-ray diffraction analysis revealing well-stacked MoS2 layers. Voltammetry aptasensing of cTn1 ranges from 10 fM to 1 nM, with a detection limit at 10 fM and a sensitivity of 0.10 nA µM-1 cm-2 . This is a ∼fivefold improvement in selectivity compared with the other proteins and human serum. This novel aptasensor retained 90% of its biosensing activity after 6 weeks with a 4.3% RSD and is a promising high-performance biosensor for detecting cTn1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mugashini Vasudevan
- Centre of Innovative Nanostructures and Nanodevices (COINN), Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
| | - Melvin J Y Tai
- Centre of Innovative Nanostructures and Nanodevices (COINN), Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
| | - Veeradasan Perumal
- Centre of Innovative Nanostructures and Nanodevices (COINN), Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
| | - Subash C B Gopinath
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineer, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia.,School of Bioprocess Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Satisvar Sundera Murthe
- Centre of Innovative Nanostructures and Nanodevices (COINN), Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia.,Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
| | - Mark Ovinis
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
| | - Norani Muti Mohamed
- Centre of Innovative Nanostructures and Nanodevices (COINN), Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia.,Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
| | - Nirav Joshi
- Sao Carlos Institute of Physics, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Carlos, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
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5
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Wang G, Tang K, Meng Z, Liu P, Mo S, Mehrjou B, Wang H, Liu X, Wu Z, Chu PK. A Quantitative Bacteria Monitoring and Killing Platform Based on Electron Transfer from Bacteria to a Semiconductor. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2003616. [PMID: 32815249 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202003616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A platform with both bacteria killing and sensing capabilities is crucial for monitoring the entire bacteria-related process on biomaterials and biomedical devices. Electron transfer (ET) between the bacteria and a Au-loaded semiconductor (ZnO) is observed to be the primary factor for effective bacteria sensing and fast bacteria killing. The electrons produce a saturation current that varies linearly with the bacteria number, semi-logarithmically, with R2 of 0.98825, thus providing an excellent tool to count bacteria quantitatively in real-time. Furthermore, ET leads to continuous electron loss killing of about 80% of Escherichia coli in only 1 h without light. The modularity and extendability of this ET-based platform are also demonstrated by the excellent results obtained from other semiconductor/substrate systems and the stability is confirmed by recycling tests. The underlying mechanism for the dual functions is not due to conventional attributed Zn2+ leaching or photocatalysis but instead electrical interactions upon direct contact. The results reveal the capability of real-time detection of bacteria based on ET while providing information about the antibacterial behavior of ZnO-based materials especially in the early stage. The concept can be readily incorporated into the design of smart and miniaturized devices that can sense and kill bacteria simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guomin Wang
- Department of Physics, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Kaiwei Tang
- Department of Physics, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Zheyi Meng
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Pei Liu
- Department of Physics, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Shi Mo
- Department of Physics, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Babak Mehrjou
- Department of Physics, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Huaiyu Wang
- Center for Human Tissues and Organs Degeneration, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xuanyong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Zhengwei Wu
- Department of Physics, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- Department of Engineering and Applied Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Paul K Chu
- Department of Physics, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
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6
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Nadzirah S, Hashim U, Gopinath SCB, Parmin NA, Hamzah AA, Yu HW, Dee CF. Titanium dioxide-mediated resistive nanobiosensor for E. coli O157:H7. Mikrochim Acta 2020; 187:235. [PMID: 32185529 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-020-4214-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A titanium dioxide nanoparticle (TiO2 NP)-mediated resistive biosensor is described for the determination of DNA fragments of Escherichia coli O157:H7 (E. coli O157:H7). The sol-gel method was used to synthesize the TiO2 NP, and microlithography was applied to fabricate the interdigitated sensor electrodes. Conventional E. coli DNA detections are facing difficulties in long-preparation-and-detection-time (more than 3 days). Hence, electronic biosensor was introduced by measuring the current-voltage (I-V) DNA probe without amplification of DNA fragments. The detection scheme is based on the interaction between the electron flow on the sensor and the introduction of negative charges from DNA probe and target DNA. The biosensor has a sensitivity of 1.67 × 1013 Ω/M and a wide analytical range. The limit detection is down to 1 × 10-11 M of DNA. The sensor possesses outstanding repeatability and reproducibility and is cabable to detect DNA within 15 min in a minute-volume sample (1 μL). Graphical abstract Fig. (a) Graphical illustration of electronic biosensor set up and (b) relationship between limit of detection (LOD) and the unaffected poultry samples on E. coli O157:H7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sh Nadzirah
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - U Hashim
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 01000, Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Subash C B Gopinath
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 01000, Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia.,School of Bioprocess Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - N A Parmin
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 01000, Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia.,School of Bioprocess Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Azrul Azlan Hamzah
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hung Wei Yu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan
| | - Chang Fu Dee
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
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7
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Ramesh T, Foo KL, R H, Sam AJ, Solayappan M. Gold-Hybridized Zinc Oxide Nanorods as Real-Time Low-Cost NanoBiosensors for Detection of virulent DNA signature of HPV-16 in Cervical Carcinoma. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17039. [PMID: 31745139 PMCID: PMC6864064 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53476-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Detection of host integrated viral oncogenes are critical for early and point-of-care molecular diagnostics of virus-induced carcinoma. However, available diagnostic approaches are incapable of combining both cost-efficient medical diagnosis and high analytical performances. To circumvent this, we have developed an improved IDE-based nanobiosensor for biorecognition of HPV-16 infected cervical cancer cells through electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The system is fabricated by coating gold (Au) doped zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods interfaced with HPV-16 viral DNA bioreceptors on top of the Interdigitated Electrode (IDE) chips surface. Due to the concurrently improved sensitivity and biocompatibility of the designed nanohybrid film, Au decorated ZnO-Nanorod biosensors demonstrate exceptional detection of HPV-16 E6 oncogene, the cancer biomarker for HPV infected cervical cancers. This sensor displayed high levels of sensitivity by detecting as low as 1fM of viral E6 gene target. The sensor also exhibited a stable functional life span of more than 5 weeks, good reproducibility and high discriminatory properties against HPV-16. Sensor current responses are obtained from cultured cervical cancer cells which are close to clinical cancer samples. Hence, the developed sensor is an adaptable tool with high potential for clinical diagnosis especially useful for economically challenged countries/regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thevendran Ramesh
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, AIMST University, 08100, Semeling, Kedah, Malaysia
| | - Kai Loong Foo
- Nano Biochip Research Group, Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering (INEE), Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Kangar, Perlis, 01000, Malaysia
| | - Haarindraprasad R
- Faculty of Engineering and Computer Technology, AIMST University, 08100, Semeling, Kedah, Malaysia.
| | - Annie Jeyachristy Sam
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, AIMST University, 08100, Semeling, Kedah, Malaysia
| | - Maheswaran Solayappan
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, AIMST University, 08100, Semeling, Kedah, Malaysia.
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8
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foroutan L, solouki M, Abdossi V, Fakheri BA, Mahdinezhad N, Gholamipourfard K, Safarzaei A. The Effects of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on Drought Stress in Moringa peregrina Populations. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BASIC SCIENCE IN MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.15171/ijbsm.2019.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Moringa peregrina (Forssk.) Fiori, is a nutritionally and medicinally important desert tree, which is constantly exposed to drought stress. This study was accomplished to alleviate the adverse effects of drought stress on M. peregrina populations through the foliar application of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) by monitoring some physiological and biochemical alterations. Methods: Moringa peregrina seeds were collected from the Southeast of Iran in 2014. Fourteen days after germination, the seedlings were subjected to drought stress by withholding watering until 50% field capacity (FC), followed by spraying 0.1% and 0.05% ZnO-NPs and no spraying (as control). Results: The changes of sodium (Na), potassium (K), chlorophylls, total phenolic content (TPC) as well as antioxidant activity under drought stress condition varied based on M. peregrina populations. Drought stress significantly reduced chlorophylls content, while it enhanced TPC and antioxidant activity. ZnO-NPs treatment significantly inhibited chlorophylls degradation under drought stress conditions. It also enhanced chlorophyll content in well-watered plants. Moreover, it was revealed that TPC and antioxidant activity of M. peregrina populations significantly increased in response to foliar application of ZnO-NPs in both drought-stressed and unstressed plants. Conclusion: Our results suggested that ZnO-NPs spray can augment drought tolerance of different populations of M. peregrina subjected to water deficit condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- leila foroutan
- Department of Horticultural Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - mahmood solouki
- Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
| | - Vahid Abdossi
- Department of Horticultural Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Barat Ali Fakheri
- Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
| | - Nafiseh Mahdinezhad
- Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
| | - Kamal Gholamipourfard
- Department of Plant Production, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources of Darab, Shiraz University, Darab, Fars, Iran
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9
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Huerta-Aguilar CA, Palos-Barba V, Thangarasu P, Koodali RT. Visible light driven photo-degradation of Congo red by TiO 2ZnO/Ag: DFT approach on synergetic effect on band gap energy. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 213:481-497. [PMID: 30245225 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.09.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we report the combination of two metal oxides (TiO2ZnO) that allows mixed density of states to reduce band gap energy, facilitating the photo-oxidation of Congo red dye under visible light. For the oxidation, a possible mechanism is proposed after analyzing the intermediates by GC-MS, and it is consistent with Density Functional Theory (DFT). The nanohybrids were characterized comprehensibly by several analytical techniques such as X-Ray diffraction (XRD), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). For the addition of ZnO to TiO2, a dominance of anatase phase was found rather than other phases (rutile or brookite). A broad band (∼550 nm) is observed in UV-Visible spectra for TiO2ZnO/Ag NPs nm because of Surface Plasmon properties of Ag NPs. The band gap energy was calculated for TiO2ZnO/Ag system, and then it has been further studied by DFT in order to show why the convergence of two semiconductors allows a mixed density of states, facilitating the reduction of the energy gap between occupied and unoccupied bands; ultimately, it improves the performance of catalysts under visible light. Significantly, the interaction of crystal planes (0 0 Ī) of TiO2 anatase and (0 0 1) of ZnO crucially plays as an important role for the reduction of energy band-gap. Additionally, TiO2ZnOAg NPs were used recognize Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells by con-focal fluorescence microscope, showing that it develops bright bio-images for the cells; while for TiO2 or ZnO or TiO2ZnO NPs, no fluorescent response was seen within the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Alberto Huerta-Aguilar
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, 04510, México D. F., Mexico
| | - Viviana Palos-Barba
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, 04510, México D. F., Mexico
| | - Pandiyan Thangarasu
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, 04510, México D. F., Mexico.
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10
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Han Z, Luo M, Weng Q, Chen L, Chen J, Li C, Zhou Y, Wang L. ZnO flower-rod/g-C 3N 4-gold nanoparticle-based photoelectrochemical aptasensor for detection of carcinoembryonic antigen. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:6529-6538. [PMID: 30027318 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1256-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A highly sensitive and selective photoelectrochemical (PEC) aptasensor was constructed for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) detection based on ZnO flower-rods (ZnO FRs) modified with g-C3N4-Au nanoparticle (AuNP) nanohybrids. The nanohybrids of g-C3N4-AuNPs can improve the visible light absorbance of ZnO FRs and enhance the PEC property. We designed a sandwichlike structure formed with DNA hybridization of NH2-probe1, CEA aptamer, and CuS-NH2-probe2 to detect CEA. The p-type semiconductor CuS nanocrystals (NCs) at the terminational part of sandwichlike structure work as electron traps to capture photogenerated electrons and consequently lead to a magnified photocurrent change. The results indicate that the photocurrent is increased when CEA antigen (Ag) is introduced. Since the sandwichlike structure is destroyed, CuS NCs are restricted to capture photogenerated electron. The PEC aptasensor for CEA determination is ranged from 0.01 ng·mL-1 to 2.5 ng·mL-1 with a detection of 1.9 pg·mL-1. The proposed aptasensor exhibits satisfactory PEC performances with rapid detection, great sensitivity and specificity. Specially, this PEC aptasensor shows a reliable result for the determination of CEA in invalid human serum compared with the ELISA method. The designed aptasensor may provide a new idea for a versatile PEC platform to determine various molecules. Graphical abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhizhong Han
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China.
| | - Min Luo
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China
| | - Qinghua Weng
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China
| | - Li Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China
| | - Jinghua Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China
| | - Chunyan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China.
| | - Ying Zhou
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China
| | - Long Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China
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11
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Perumal V, Saheed MSM, Mohamed NM, Saheed MSM, Murthe SS, Gopinath SCB, Chiu JM. Gold nanorod embedded novel 3D graphene nanocomposite for selective bio-capture in rapid detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 116:116-122. [PMID: 29879537 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic and infectious airborne disease which requires a diagnosing system with high sensitivity and specificity. However, the traditional gold standard method for TB detection remains unreliable with low specificity and sensitivity. Nanostructured composite materials coupled with impedimetric sensing utilised in this study offered a feasible solution. Herein, novel gold (Au) nanorods were synthesized on 3D graphene grown by chemical vapour deposition. The irregularly spaced and rippled morphology of 3D graphene provided a path for Au nanoparticles to self-assemble and form rod-like structures on the surface of the 3D graphene. The formation of Au nanorods were showcased through scanning electron microscopy which revealed the evolution of Au nanoparticle into Au islets. Eventually, it formed nanorods possessing lengths of ~ 150 nm and diameters of ~ 30 nm. The X-ray diffractogram displayed appropriate peaks suitable to defect-free and high crystalline graphene with face centered cubic Au. The strong optical interrelation between Au nanorod and 3D graphene was elucidated by Raman spectroscopy analysis. Furthermore, the anchored Au nanorods on 3D graphene nanocomposite enables feasible bio-capturing on the exposed Au surface on defect free graphene. The impedimetric sensing of DNA sequence from TB on 3D graphene/Au nanocomposite revealed a remarkable wide detection linear range from 10 fM to 0.1 µM, displays the capability of detecting femtomolar DNA concentration. Overall, the novel 3D graphene/Au nanocomposite demonstrated here offers high-performance bio-sensing and opens a new avenue for TB detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veeradasan Perumal
- Centre of Innovative Nanostructures and Nanodevices (COINN), Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia; Mechanical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia.
| | - Mohamed Shuaib Mohamed Saheed
- Centre of Innovative Nanostructures and Nanodevices (COINN), Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia; Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
| | - Norani Muti Mohamed
- Centre of Innovative Nanostructures and Nanodevices (COINN), Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia; Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia.
| | - Mohamed Salleh Mohamed Saheed
- Centre of Innovative Nanostructures and Nanodevices (COINN), Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia; Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
| | - Satisvar Sundera Murthe
- Centre of Innovative Nanostructures and Nanodevices (COINN), Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia; Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
| | - Subash C B Gopinath
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 01000 Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia; School of Bioprocess Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Jian-Ming Chiu
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan
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12
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ZnO–Fe3O4–Au Hybrid Composites for Thioanisole Oxidation Under Visible Light: Experimental and Theoretical Studies. J CLUST SCI 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10876-017-1189-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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13
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Perumal V, Hashim U, Gopinath SCB, Rajintra Prasad H, Wei-Wen L, Balakrishnan SR, Vijayakumar T, Rahim RA. Characterization of Gold-Sputtered Zinc Oxide Nanorods-a Potential Hybrid Material. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2016; 11:31. [PMID: 26787050 PMCID: PMC4718909 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-016-1245-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Generation of hybrid nanostructures has been attested as a promising approach to develop high-performance sensing substrates. Herein, hybrid zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorod dopants with different gold (Au) thicknesses were grown on silicon wafer and studied for their impact on physical, optical and electrical characteristics. Structural patterns displayed that ZnO crystal lattice is in preferred c-axis orientation and proved the higher purities. Observations under field emission scanning electron microscopy revealed the coverage of ZnO nanorods by Au-spots having diameters in the average ranges of 5-10 nm, as determined under transmission electron microscopy. Impedance spectroscopic analysis of Au-sputtered ZnO nanorods was carried out in the frequency range of 1 to 100 MHz with applied AC amplitude of 1 V RMS. The obtained results showed significant changes in the electrical properties (conductance and dielectric constant) with nanostructures. A clear demonstration with 30-nm thickness of Au-sputtering was apparent to be ideal for downstream applications, due to the lowest variation in resistance value of grain boundary, which has dynamic and superior characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veeradasan Perumal
- Biomedical Nano Diagnostics Research Group, Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering (INEE), Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 01000, Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia.
| | - Uda Hashim
- Biomedical Nano Diagnostics Research Group, Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering (INEE), Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 01000, Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Subash C B Gopinath
- Biomedical Nano Diagnostics Research Group, Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering (INEE), Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 01000, Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia
- School of Bioprocess Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Haarindraprasad Rajintra Prasad
- Biomedical Nano Diagnostics Research Group, Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering (INEE), Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 01000, Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Liu Wei-Wen
- Biomedical Nano Diagnostics Research Group, Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering (INEE), Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 01000, Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - S R Balakrishnan
- Biomedical Nano Diagnostics Research Group, Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering (INEE), Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 01000, Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Thivina Vijayakumar
- Biomedical Nano Diagnostics Research Group, Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering (INEE), Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 01000, Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Ruslinda Abdul Rahim
- Biomedical Nano Diagnostics Research Group, Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering (INEE), Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 01000, Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia
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14
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Nanogapped impedimetric immunosensor for the detection of 16 kDa heat shock protein against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Mikrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-016-1911-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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15
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Soo Yean CY, Selva Raju K, Xavier R, Subramaniam S, Gopinath SCB, Chinni SV. Molecular Detection of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus by Non-Protein Coding RNA-Mediated Monoplex Polymerase Chain Reaction. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0158736. [PMID: 27367909 PMCID: PMC4930178 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-protein coding RNA (npcRNA) is a functional RNA molecule that is not translated into a protein. Bacterial npcRNAs are structurally diversified molecules, typically 50-200 nucleotides in length. They play a crucial physiological role in cellular networking, including stress responses, replication and bacterial virulence. In this study, by using an identified npcRNA gene (Sau-02) in Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), we identified the Gram-positive bacteria S. aureus. A Sau-02-mediated monoplex Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) assay was designed that displayed high sensitivity and specificity. Fourteen different bacteria and 18 S. aureus strains were tested, and the results showed that the Sau-02 gene is specific to S. aureus. The detection limit was tested against genomic DNA from MRSA and was found to be ~10 genome copies. Further, the detection was extended to whole-cell MRSA detection, and we reached the detection limit with two bacteria. The monoplex PCR assay demonstrated in this study is a novel detection method that can replicate other npcRNA-mediated detection assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl Yeap Soo Yean
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, AIMST University, Bedong, Malaysia
| | - Kishanraj Selva Raju
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, AIMST University, Bedong, Malaysia
| | - Rathinam Xavier
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, AIMST University, Bedong, Malaysia
| | | | - Subash C. B. Gopinath
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia
- School of Bioprocess Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Suresh V. Chinni
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, AIMST University, Bedong, Malaysia
- * E-mail:
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16
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Haarindraprasad R, Hashim U, Gopinath SC, Perumal V, Liu WW, Balakrishnan S. Fabrication of interdigitated high-performance zinc oxide nanowire modified electrodes for glucose sensing. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 925:70-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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17
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Lakshmipriya T, Gopinath SCB, Tang TH. Biotin-Streptavidin Competition Mediates Sensitive Detection of Biomolecules in Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151153. [PMID: 26954237 PMCID: PMC4783082 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) is the gold standard assay for detecting and identifying biomolecules using antibodies as the probe. Improving ELISA is crucial for detecting disease-causing agents and facilitating diagnosis at the early stages of disease. Biotinylated antibody and streptavidin-conjugated horse radish peroxide (streptavidin-HRP) often are used with ELISA to enhance the detection of various kinds of targets. In the present study, we used a competition-based strategy in which we pre-mixed free biotin with streptavidin-HRP to generate high-performance system, as free biotin occupies some of the biotin binding sites on streptavidin, thereby providing more chances for streptavidin-HRP to bind with biotinylated antibody. ESAT-6, which is a protein secreted early during tuberculosis infection, was used as the model target. We found that 8 fM of free biotin mixed with streptavidin-HRP anchored the higher detection level of ESAT-6 by four-fold compared with detection without free biotin (only streptavidin-HRP), and the limit of detection of the new method was 250 pM. These results suggest that biotin-streptavidin competition can be used to improve the diagnosis of analytes in other types of sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thangavel Lakshmipriya
- Advanced Medical & Dental Institute (AMDI), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Subash C. B. Gopinath
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering (INEE), Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia
- School of Bioprocess Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Thean-Hock Tang
- Advanced Medical & Dental Institute (AMDI), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas, Penang, Malaysia
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18
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Perumal V, Hashim U, Gopinath SCB, Haarindraprasad R, Liu WW, Poopalan P, Balakrishnan SR, Thivina V, Ruslinda AR. Thickness Dependent Nanostructural, Morphological, Optical and Impedometric Analyses of Zinc Oxide-Gold Hybrids: Nanoparticle to Thin Film. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144964. [PMID: 26694656 PMCID: PMC4687870 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The creation of an appropriate thin film is important for the development of novel sensing surfaces, which will ultimately enhance the properties and output of high-performance sensors. In this study, we have fabricated and characterized zinc oxide (ZnO) thin films on silicon substrates, which were hybridized with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) to obtain ZnO-Aux (x = 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 nm) hybrid structures with different thicknesses. Nanoscale imaging by field emission scanning electron microscopy revealed increasing film uniformity and coverage with the Au deposition thickness. Transmission electron microscopy analysis indicated that the AuNPs exhibit an increasing average diameter (5–10 nm). The face center cubic Au were found to co-exist with wurtzite ZnO nanostructure. Atomic force microscopy observations revealed that as the Au content increased, the overall crystallite size increased, which was supported by X-ray diffraction measurements. The structural characterizations indicated that the Au on the ZnO crystal lattice exists without any impurities in a preferred orientation (002). When the ZnO thickness increased from 10 to 40 nm, transmittance and an optical bandgap value decreased. Interestingly, with 50 nm thickness, the band gap value was increased, which might be due to the Burstein-Moss effect. Photoluminescence studies revealed that the overall structural defect (green emission) improved significantly as the Au deposition increased. The impedance measurements shows a decreasing value of impedance arc with increasing Au thicknesses (0 to 40 nm). In contrast, the 50 nm AuNP impedance arc shows an increased value compared to lower sputtering thicknesses, which indicated the presence of larger sized AuNPs that form a continuous film, and its ohmic characteristics changed to rectifying characteristics. This improved hybrid thin film (ZnO/Au) is suitable for a wide range of sensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veeradasan Perumal
- Biomedical Nano Diagnostics Research Group, Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering (INEE), Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Uda Hashim
- Biomedical Nano Diagnostics Research Group, Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering (INEE), Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia.,School of Microelectronic Engineering, University Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Kuala Perlis, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Subash C B Gopinath
- Biomedical Nano Diagnostics Research Group, Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering (INEE), Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia.,School of Bioprocess Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - R Haarindraprasad
- Biomedical Nano Diagnostics Research Group, Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering (INEE), Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Wei-Wen Liu
- Biomedical Nano Diagnostics Research Group, Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering (INEE), Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - P Poopalan
- School of Microelectronic Engineering, University Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Kuala Perlis, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - S R Balakrishnan
- Biomedical Nano Diagnostics Research Group, Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering (INEE), Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - V Thivina
- Biomedical Nano Diagnostics Research Group, Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering (INEE), Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - A R Ruslinda
- Biomedical Nano Diagnostics Research Group, Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering (INEE), Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia
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