1
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Gandhi S, Shaulli X, Fock J, Scheffold F, Marie R. IgG and IgM differentiation in a particle-based agglutination assay by control over antigen surface density. APL Bioeng 2024; 8:026124. [PMID: 38894961 PMCID: PMC11184967 DOI: 10.1063/5.0196224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Point-of-care (POC) testing offers fast and on-site diagnostics and can be crucial against many infectious diseases and in screening. One remaining challenge in serological POC testing is the quantification of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin M (IgM). Quantification of IgG/IgM can be important to evaluate immunity and to discriminate recent infections from past infections and primary infections from secondary infections. POC tests such as lateral flow immunoassays allow IgG and IgM differentiation; however, a remaining limitation is their incapacity to provide quantitative results. In this work, we show how samples containing IgG or IgM can be distinguished in a nanoparticle-based agglutination biosensing assay by tuning the density of antigens on the nanoparticles' surface. We employ direct STochastic Optical Reconstruction Microscopy to quantify the accessible SARS-CoV-2 trimeric spike proteins conjugated to magnetic nanoparticles at a single-particle level and gain insight into the protein distribution provided by the conjugation procedure. Furthermore, we measure the anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG/IgM induced agglutination using an optomagnetic readout principle. We show that particles with high antigen density have a relatively higher sensitivity toward IgM compared to IgG, whereas low antigen density provides a relatively higher sensitivity to IgG. The finding paves the way for its implementation for other agglutination-based serology tests, allowing for more accurate disease diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanil Gandhi
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Xhorxhina Shaulli
- Department of Physics, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 3, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | | | - Frank Scheffold
- Department of Physics, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 3, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Rodolphe Marie
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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2
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Rösch EL, Sack R, Chowdhury MS, Wolgast F, Zaborski M, Ludwig F, Schilling M, Viereck T, Rand U, Lak A. Amplification- and Enzyme-Free Magnetic Diagnostics Circuit for Whole-Genome Detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA. Chembiochem 2024:e202400251. [PMID: 38709072 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202400251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) requires thermal cycling and enzymatic reactions for sequence amplification, hampering their applications in point-of-care (POC) settings. Magnetic bioassays based on magnetic particle spectroscopy (MPS) and magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are isothermal, wash-free, and can be quantitative. Realizing them amplification- and enzyme-free on a benchtop device, they will become irreplaceable for POC applications. Here we demonstrate a first-in-class magnetic signal amplification circuit (MAC) that enables detection of whole genome of SARS-CoV-2 by combining the specificity of toehold-mediated DNA strand displacement with the magnetic response of MNPs to declustering processes. Using MAC, we detect the N gene of SARS-CoV-2 samples at a concentration of 104 RNA copies/μl as determined by droplet digital PCR. Further, we demonstrate that MAC can reliably distinguish between SARS-CoV-2 and other human coronaviruses. Being a wash-, amplification- and enzyme-free biosensing concept and working at isothermal conditions (25 °C) on a low-cost benchtop MPS device, our MAC biosensing concept offers several indispensable features for translating nucleic acid detection to POC applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enja Laureen Rösch
- Institute for Electrical Measurement Science and Fundamental Electrical Engineering and Laboratory for Emerging Nanometrology (LENA), Hans-Sommer-Str. 66, Braunschweig, 38106, Germany
| | - Rebecca Sack
- Institute for Electrical Measurement Science and Fundamental Electrical Engineering and Laboratory for Emerging Nanometrology (LENA), Hans-Sommer-Str. 66, Braunschweig, 38106, Germany
| | - Mohammad Suman Chowdhury
- Institute for Electrical Measurement Science and Fundamental Electrical Engineering and Laboratory for Emerging Nanometrology (LENA), Hans-Sommer-Str. 66, Braunschweig, 38106, Germany
| | - Florian Wolgast
- Institute for Electrical Measurement Science and Fundamental Electrical Engineering and Laboratory for Emerging Nanometrology (LENA), Hans-Sommer-Str. 66, Braunschweig, 38106, Germany
| | - Margarete Zaborski
- Leibniz Institute, German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures GmbH (DSMZ), Inhoffenstr. 7b, Braunschweig, 38124, Germany
| | - Frank Ludwig
- Institute for Electrical Measurement Science and Fundamental Electrical Engineering and Laboratory for Emerging Nanometrology (LENA), Hans-Sommer-Str. 66, Braunschweig, 38106, Germany
| | - Meinhard Schilling
- Institute for Electrical Measurement Science and Fundamental Electrical Engineering and Laboratory for Emerging Nanometrology (LENA), Hans-Sommer-Str. 66, Braunschweig, 38106, Germany
| | - Thilo Viereck
- Institute for Electrical Measurement Science and Fundamental Electrical Engineering and Laboratory for Emerging Nanometrology (LENA), Hans-Sommer-Str. 66, Braunschweig, 38106, Germany
| | - Ulfert Rand
- Leibniz Institute, German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures GmbH (DSMZ), Inhoffenstr. 7b, Braunschweig, 38124, Germany
| | - Aidin Lak
- Institute for Electrical Measurement Science and Fundamental Electrical Engineering and Laboratory for Emerging Nanometrology (LENA), Hans-Sommer-Str. 66, Braunschweig, 38106, Germany
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3
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GhaderiShekhiAbadi P, Irani M, Noorisepehr M, Maleki A. Magnetic biosensors for identification of SARS-CoV-2, Influenza, HIV, and Ebola viruses: a review. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 34:272001. [PMID: 36996779 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/acc8da] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Infectious diseases such as novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), Influenza, HIV, Ebola, etc kill many people around the world every year (SARS-CoV-2 in 2019, Ebola in 2013, HIV in 1980, Influenza in 1918). For example, SARS-CoV-2 has plagued higher than 317 000 000 people around the world from December 2019 to January 13, 2022. Some infectious diseases do not yet have not a proper vaccine, drug, therapeutic, and/or detection method, which makes rapid identification and definitive treatments the main challenges. Different device techniques have been used to detect infectious diseases. However, in recent years, magnetic materials have emerged as active sensors/biosensors for detecting viral, bacterial, and plasmids agents. In this review, the recent applications of magnetic materials in biosensors for infectious viruses detection have been discussed. Also, this work addresses the future trends and perspectives of magnetic biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammad Irani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mohammad Noorisepehr
- Environmental Health Engineering Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Ali Maleki
- Catalysts and Organic Synthesis Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran 16846-13114, Iran
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4
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Sheen HJ, Panigrahi B, Kuo TR, Hsu WC, Chung PS, Xie QZ, Lin CY, Chang YS, Lin CT, Fan YJ. Electrochemical biosensor with electrokinetics-assisted molecular trapping for enhancing C-reactive protein detection. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 210:114338. [PMID: 35550939 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
C-Reactive protein (CRP) is an essential biomarker relevant to various disease prognoses. Current biosensors require a significant amount of time for detecting CRP. To address this issue, this work proposes electrokinetic flow-assisted molecule trapping integrated with an impedance biosensor, where a driving signal in terms of a gated sine wave is provided to circularly arranged electrodes which detect proteins. To verify the biosensor's efficacy, protein aggregation on the electrode surface was evaluated through a fluorescence analysis and measurement of the electrochemical impedance spectrum (EIS). The fluorescence analysis with avidin showed that target samples largely accumulated on the electrode surface upon provision of the driving signal. The EIS measurement of CRP accumulation on the electrode surface further confirmed a significant electrokinetic phenomenon at the electrode/electrolyte interface. Even at the low CRP concentration of 10 pg/ml, the proposed device's sensitivity and reliability were as high as 3.92 pg/ml with a signal-to noise ratio (SNR) of ≥3, respectively. In addition, the protein detection time (without considering the preparation time) was minimized to as low as 90 s with the proposed device. This device's advantage is its minimal time consumption, and simple drop-analysis process flow; hence, it was used for monitoring clinical serum samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Horn-Jiunn Sheen
- Institute of Applied Mechanics, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Bivas Panigrahi
- Department of Refrigeration, Air Conditioning and Energy Engineering, National Chin-Yi University of Science and Technology, Taiping Dist., Taichung City, 41170, Taiwan.
| | - Tsung-Rong Kuo
- Graduate Institute of Nanomedicine and Medical Engineering, International Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing St., Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chen Hsu
- Institute of Applied Mechanics, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Shan Chung
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California at Los Angeles, 420 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Qiu-Zhe Xie
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Graduate Institute of Electronics Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yu Lin
- PhD Program in Medical Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing St, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Sheng Chang
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Shuang Ho Hospital, 291 Zhongzheng Rd, Zhonghe District, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan, Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing St, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ting Lin
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Graduate Institute of Electronics Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jui Fan
- School of Biomedical Engineering, International PhD Program in Biomedical Engineering, International PhD Program for Cell Therapy and Regeneration Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing St., Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.
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5
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Huang Z, Li J, Zhong H, Tian B. Nucleic acid amplification strategies for volume-amplified magnetic nanoparticle detection assay. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:939807. [PMID: 36032733 PMCID: PMC9399362 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.939807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) can be quantified based on their magnetic relaxation properties by volumetric magnetic biosensing strategies, for example, alternating current susceptometry. Volume-amplified magnetic nanoparticle detection assays (VAMNDAs) employ analyte-initiated nucleic acid amplification (NAA) reactions to increase the hydrodynamic size of MNP labels for magnetic sensing, achieving attomolar to picomolar detection limits. VAMNDAs offer rapid and user-friendly analysis of nucleic acid targets but present inherence defects determined by the chosen amplification reactions and sensing principles. In this mini-review, we summarize more than 30 VAMNDA publications and classify their detection models for NAA-induced MNP size increases, highlighting the performances of different linear, cascade, and exponential NAA strategies. For some NAA strategies that have not yet been reported in VAMNDA, we predicted their performances based on the reaction kinetics and feasible detection models. Finally, challenges and perspectives are given, which may hopefully inspire and guide future VAMNDA studies.
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6
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Xiao X, Yuan C, Li T, Fock J, Svedlindh P, Tian B. Optomagnetic biosensors: Volumetric sensing based on magnetic actuation-induced optical modulations. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 215:114560. [PMID: 35841765 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In comparison to alternative nanomaterials, magnetic micron/nano-sized particles show unique advantages, e.g., easy manipulation, stable signal, and high contrast. By applying magnetic actuation, magnetic particles exert forces on target objects for highly selective operation even in non-purified samples. We herein describe a subgroup of magnetic biosensors, namely optomagnetic biosensors, which employ alternating magnetic fields to generate periodic movements of magnetic labels. The optical modulation induced by the dynamics of magnetic labels is then analyzed by photodetectors, providing information of, e.g., hydrodynamic size changes of the magnetic labels. Optomagnetic sensing mechanisms can suppress the noise (by performing lock-in detection), accelerate the reaction (by magnetic force-enhanced molecular collision), and facilitate homogeneous/volumetric detection. Moreover, optomagnetic sensing can be performed using a low magnetic field (<10 mT) without sophisticated light sources or pickup coils, further enhancing its applicability for point-of-care tests. This review concentrates on optomagnetic biosensing techniques of different concepts classified by the magnetic actuation strategy, i.e., magnetic field-enhanced agglutination, rotating magnetic field-based particle rotation, and oscillating magnetic field-induced Brownian relaxation. Optomagnetic sensing principles applied with different actuation strategies are introduced as well. For each representative optomagnetic biosensor, a simple immunoassay strategy-based application is introduced (if possible) for methodological comparison. Thereafter, challenges and perspectives are discussed, including minimization of nonspecific binding, on-chip integration, and multiplex detection, all of which are key requirements in point-of-care diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhou Xiao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Chuqi Yuan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Tingting Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Jeppe Fock
- Blusense Diagnostics ApS, Fruebjergvej 3, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Svedlindh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Uppsala University, Box 35, SE-751 03, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Bo Tian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha Hunan, 410013, China.
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7
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Moeller ME, Fock J, Pah P, Veras ADLC, Bade M, Donolato M, Israelsen SB, Eugen‐Olsen J, Benfield T, Engsig FN. Evaluation of commercially available immuno-magnetic agglutination in comparison to enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for rapid point-of-care diagnostics of COVID-19. J Med Virol 2021; 93:3084-3091. [PMID: 33547818 PMCID: PMC8013206 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Fast, accurate, and simple blood-based assays for quantification of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies are urgently needed to identify infected individuals and keep track of the spread of disease. METHODS The study included 33 plasma samples from 20 individuals with confirmed COVID-19 by real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and 40 non-COVID-19 plasma samples. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin M (IgM)/immunoglobulin A (IgA) or immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies were detected by a microfluidic quantitative immunomagnetic assay (IMA) (ViroTrack Sero COVID IgM + IgA/IgG Ab, Blusense Diagnostics) and compared to an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (EuroImmun Medizinische Labordiagnostika). RESULTS Of the 33 plasma samples from the COVID-19 patients, 28 were positive for IgA/IgM or IgG by IMA and 29 samples were positive by ELISA. Sensitivity for only one sample per patient was 68% for IgA + IgM and 75% IgG by IMA and 80% by ELISA. For samples collected 14 days after symptom onset, the sensitivity of both IMA and ELISA was around 91%. The specificity of the IMA reached 100% compared to 95% for ELISA IgA and 97.5% for ELISA IgG. CONCLUSION IMA for COVID-19 is a rapid simple-to-use point-of-care test with sensitivity and specificity similar to a commercial ELISA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria E. Moeller
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University HospitalAmager and Hvidovre HospitalHvidovreDenmark
| | - Jeppe Fock
- BluSense Diagnostics ApSCopenhagenDenmark
| | | | | | | | | | - Simone B. Israelsen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University HospitalAmager and Hvidovre HospitalHvidovreDenmark
| | - Jesper Eugen‐Olsen
- Department of Clinical Research, Copenhagen University HospitalAmager and Hvidovre HospitalHvidovreDenmark
| | - Thomas Benfield
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University HospitalAmager and Hvidovre HospitalHvidovreDenmark
- Institute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Frederik N. Engsig
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University HospitalAmager and Hvidovre HospitalHvidovreDenmark
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8
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Oropesa-Nuñez R, Zardán Gómez de la Torre T, Stopfel H, Svedlindh P, Strömberg M, Gunnarsson K. Insights into the Formation of DNA-Magnetic Nanoparticle Hybrid Structures: Correlations between Morphological Characterization and Output from Magnetic Biosensor Measurements. ACS Sens 2020; 5:3510-3519. [PMID: 33141554 PMCID: PMC7706118 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.0c01623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Understanding
the binding mechanism between probe-functionalized
magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) and DNA targets or amplification products
thereof is essential in the optimization of magnetic biosensors for
the detection of DNA. Herein, the molecular interaction forming hybrid
structures upon hybridization between DNA-functionalized magnetic
nanoparticles, exhibiting Brownian relaxation, and rolling circle
amplification products (DNA-coils) is investigated by the use of atomic
force microscopy in a liquid environment and magnetic biosensors measuring
the frequency-dependent magnetic response and the frequency-dependent
modulation of light transmission. This approach reveals the qualitative
and quantitative correlations between the morphological features of
the hybrid structures with their magnetic response. The suppression
of the high-frequency peak in the magnetic response and the appearance
of a new peak at lower frequencies match the formation of larger sized
assemblies upon increasing the concentration of DNA-coils. Furthermore,
an increase of the DNA-coil concentration induces an increase in the
number of MNPs per hybrid structure. This study provides new insights
into the DNA–MNP binding mechanism, and its versatility is
of considerable importance for the mechanistic characterization of
other DNA-nanoparticle biosensor systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinier Oropesa-Nuñez
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Uppsala University, Ångströmlaboratoriet, Box 35, SE-751 03 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Teresa Zardán Gómez de la Torre
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Uppsala University, Ångströmlaboratoriet, Box 35, SE-751 03 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Henry Stopfel
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Uppsala University, Ångströmlaboratoriet, Box 35, SE-751 03 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Peter Svedlindh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Uppsala University, Ångströmlaboratoriet, Box 35, SE-751 03 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mattias Strömberg
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Uppsala University, Ångströmlaboratoriet, Box 35, SE-751 03 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Klas Gunnarsson
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Uppsala University, Ångströmlaboratoriet, Box 35, SE-751 03 Uppsala, Sweden
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10
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Tian B, Gao F, Fock J, Dufva M, Hansen MF. Homogeneous circle-to-circle amplification for real-time optomagnetic detection of SARS-CoV-2 RdRp coding sequence. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 165:112356. [PMID: 32510339 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Circle-to-circle amplification (C2CA) is a specific and precise cascade nucleic acid amplification method consisting of more than one round of padlock probe ligation and rolling circle amplification (RCA). Although C2CA provides a high amplification efficiency with a negligible increase of false-positive risk, it contains several step-by-step operation processes. We herein demonstrate a homogeneous and isothermal nucleic acid quantification strategy based on C2CA and optomagnetic analysis of magnetic nanoparticle (MNP) assembly. The proposed homogeneous circle-to-circle amplification eliminates the need for additional monomerization and ligation steps after the first round of RCA, and combines two amplification rounds in a one-pot reaction. The second round of RCA produces amplicon coils that anneal to detection probes grafted onto MNPs, resulting in MNP assembly that can be detected in real-time using an optomagnetic sensor. The proposed methodology was applied for the detection of a synthetic complementary DNA of SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, also known as 2019-nCoV) RdRp (RNA-dependent RNA polymerase) coding sequence, achieving a detection limit of 0.4 fM with a dynamic detection range of 3 orders of magnitude and a total assay time of ca. 100 min. A mathematical model was set up and validated to predict the assay performance. Moreover, the proposed method was specific to distinguish SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 sequences with high similarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Tian
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, DTU Health Tech, Building 345C, DK-2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Fei Gao
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, DTU Physics, Building 307, DK-2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jeppe Fock
- Blusense Diagnostics ApS, Fruebjergvej 3, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martin Dufva
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, DTU Health Tech, Building 345C, DK-2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Mikkel Fougt Hansen
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, DTU Health Tech, Building 345C, DK-2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
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11
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Zhong J, Schilling M, Ludwig F. Magnetic nanoparticle-based biomolecule imaging with a scanning magnetic particle spectrometer. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:225101. [PMID: 32069445 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab776a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study reports on a wash-free, inexpensive and sensitive approach of biomolecule imaging with magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) via a custom-built scanning magnetic particle spectrometer (SMPS). Streptavidin-coated MNPs are used as magnetic biomarkers for the detection of Immunoglobulin G (IgG) conjugated with biotin (IgG-Biotin) while five samples with different-concentration IgG-Biotin are prepared for experiments. The measurements of the ac susceptibility indicate that the conjugation of the IgG-Biotin onto the surface of the MNPs forms cross-linking between the MNPs, thus increasing the characteristic Brownian relaxation time from 0.627 to 1.448 ms. The ratio of the 3rd to the 1st harmonics is measured on the samples with different-concentration IgG-Biotin in ac magnetic fields with a frequency ranging from about 300 Hz to 2 kHz. It shows that the measurement sensitivity of the IgG-Biotin concentration decreases from 4.62 × 10-3 to 0.39 × 10-3 nM-1 with increasing excitation frequency. Phantom images of the harmonic ratio, measured with the SMPS, indicate that unbound and bound MNPs can be easily distinguished. Furthermore, the excitation frequency dependence of the contrast-to-noise ratio of the images is discussed based on the measurement sensitivity and the standard deviation of the measured image intensity. This study demonstrates the feasibility of the SMPS for imaging biomolecules bound onto the MNPs, which is of great interest to disease diagnostics and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhong
- Institut für Elektrische Messtechnik und Grundlagen der Elektrotechnik, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hans-Sommer-Str. 66, Braunschweig D-38106, Germany
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12
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Tian B, Minero G, Fock J, Dufva M, Hansen MF. CRISPR-Cas12a based internal negative control for nonspecific products of exponential rolling circle amplification. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 48:e30. [PMID: 31956898 PMCID: PMC7049689 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
False-positive results cause a major problem in nucleic acid amplification, and require external blank/negative controls for every test. However, external controls usually have a simpler and lower background compared to the test sample, resulting in underestimation of false-positive risks. Internal negative controls, performed simultaneously with amplification to monitor the background level in real-time, are therefore appealing in both research and clinic. Herein, we describe a nonspecific product-activated single-stranded DNA-cutting approach based on CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) Cas12a (Cpf1) nuclease. The proposed approach, termed Cas12a-based internal referential indicator (CIRI), can indicate the onset of nonspecific amplification in an exponential rolling circle amplification strategy here combined with an optomagnetic readout. The capability of CIRI as an internal negative control can potentially be extended to other amplification strategies and sensors, improving the performance of nucleic acid amplification-based methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Tian
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, DTU Health Tech, Building 345C, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Gabriel Antonio S Minero
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, DTU Health Tech, Building 345C, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jeppe Fock
- Blusense Diagnostics ApS, Fruebjergvej 3, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martin Dufva
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, DTU Health Tech, Building 345C, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Mikkel Fougt Hansen
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, DTU Health Tech, Building 345C, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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Abstract
: Nanomaterial biosensors have revolutionized the entire scientific, technology, biomedical, materials science, and engineering fields. Among all nanomaterials, magnetic nanoparticles, microparticles, and beads are unique in offering facile conjugation of biorecognition probes for selective capturing of any desired analytes from complex real sample matrices (e.g., biofluids such as whole blood, serum, urine and saliva, tissues, food, and environmental samples). In addition, rapid separation of the particle-captured analytes by the simple use of a magnet for subsequent detection on a sensor unit makes the magnetic particle sensor approach very attractive. The easy magnetic isolation feature of target analytes is not possible with other inorganic particles, both metallic (e.g., gold) and non-metallic (e.g., silica), which require difficult centrifugation and separation steps. Magnetic particle biosensors have thus enabled ultra-low detection with ultra-high sensitivity that has traditionally been achieved only by radioactive assays and other tedious optical sources. Moreover, when traditional approaches failed to selectively detect low-concentration analytes in complex matrices (e.g., colorimetric, electrochemistry, and optical methods), magnetic particle-incorporated sensing strategies enabled sample concentration into a defined microvolume of large surface area particles for a straightforward detection. The objective of this article is to highlight the ever-growing applications of magnetic materials for the detection of analytes present in various real sample matrices. The central idea of this paper was to show the versatility and advantages of using magnetic particles for a variety of sample matrices and analyte types and the adaptability of different transducers with the magnetic particle approaches.
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Garbarino F, Minero GAS, Rizzi G, Fock J, Hansen MF. Integration of rolling circle amplification and optomagnetic detection on a polymer chip. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 142:111485. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.111485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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15
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Ultrasensitive Real-Time Rolling Circle Amplification Detection Enhanced by Nicking-Induced Tandem-Acting Polymerases. Anal Chem 2019; 91:10102-10109. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b02073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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16
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Man Y, Jin X, Fu H, Pan L. A magnetic nanoparticle based immunoassay for alternariol monomethyl ether using hydrogen peroxide-mediated fluorescence quenching of CdTe quantum dots. Mikrochim Acta 2019; 186:221. [PMID: 30847631 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-019-3334-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The authors describe a fluorometric immunoassay for alternariol monomethyl ether (AME). It is making use of magnetic nanoparticles and quenching of the fluorescence of mercaptopropionic acid-capped CdTe quantum dots (MPA-CdTe QDs) by H2O2. Catalase (CAT) was labeled with AME as a competitive antigen to competitively bind to magnetic nanoparticles carrying monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) with free AME in samples. The effects of the concentration and pH value of buffer, the concentrations of H2O2 and CAT-AME, and the incubation time of H2O2 and MPA-CdTe QDs were optimized. Under optimal conditions and in combination with magnetic separation, the quenching of the fluorescence of the MPA-CdTe QDs (excitation at 310 nm, emission at 599 nm) can be used to quantify AME with a detection limit of 0.25 pg·mL-1 and the linear range from 0.25 to 7.5 pg·mL-1. The immunoassay also has a lower cross-reactivity to AME analogues. It was evaluated by analyzing fruit samples spiked with AME. The recoveries from spiked fruits ranged from 87.2% to 92.0%. Graphical abstract Schematic presentation of a fluorometric immunoassay for alternariol monomethyl ether (AME) using magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) for the rapid separation and purification. The method is based on quenching of the fluorescence of mercaptopropionic acid-capped CdTe quantum dots (MPA-CdTe QDs) by H2O2 for the fluorescence signal output, and on the use of catalase (CAT) with its high catalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Man
- Beijing Research Center for Agricultural Standards and Testing, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China.,Risk Assessment Laboratory for Agro-products (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100097, China.,Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Agriculture Environment Monitoring, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Xinxin Jin
- Beijing Research Center for Agricultural Standards and Testing, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China.,Risk Assessment Laboratory for Agro-products (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100097, China.,Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Agriculture Environment Monitoring, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Hailong Fu
- Beijing Research Center for Agricultural Standards and Testing, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China.,Risk Assessment Laboratory for Agro-products (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100097, China.,Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Agriculture Environment Monitoring, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Ligang Pan
- Beijing Research Center for Agricultural Standards and Testing, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China. .,Risk Assessment Laboratory for Agro-products (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100097, China. .,Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Agriculture Environment Monitoring, Beijing, 100097, China.
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17
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Man Y, Ren J, Li B, Jin X, Pan L. A simple, highly sensitive colorimetric immunosensor for the detection of alternariol monomethyl ether in fruit by non-aggregated gold nanoparticles. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:7511-7521. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1369-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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18
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Tian B, Wetterskog E, Qiu Z, Zardán Gómez de la Torre T, Donolato M, Fougt Hansen M, Svedlindh P, Strömberg M. Shape anisotropy enhanced optomagnetic measurement for prostate-specific antigen detection via magnetic chain formation. Biosens Bioelectron 2017; 98:285-291. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2017.06.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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19
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Kudr J, Haddad Y, Richtera L, Heger Z, Cernak M, Adam V, Zitka O. Magnetic Nanoparticles: From Design and Synthesis to Real World Applications. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2017; 7:E243. [PMID: 28850089 PMCID: PMC5618354 DOI: 10.3390/nano7090243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The increasing number of scientific publications focusing on magnetic materials indicates growing interest in the broader scientific community. Substantial progress was made in the synthesis of magnetic materials of desired size, morphology, chemical composition, and surface chemistry. Physical and chemical stability of magnetic materials is acquired by the coating. Moreover, surface layers of polymers, silica, biomolecules, etc. can be designed to obtain affinity to target molecules. The combination of the ability to respond to the external magnetic field and the rich possibilities of coatings makes magnetic materials universal tool for magnetic separations of small molecules, biomolecules and cells. In the biomedical field, magnetic particles and magnetic composites are utilized as the drug carriers, as contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and in magnetic hyperthermia. However, the multifunctional magnetic particles enabling the diagnosis and therapy at the same time are emerging. The presented review article summarizes the findings regarding the design and synthesis of magnetic materials focused on biomedical applications. We highlight the utilization of magnetic materials in separation/preconcentration of various molecules and cells, and their use in diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiri Kudr
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-61300 Brno, Czech Republic.
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, CZ-61600 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Yazan Haddad
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-61300 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Lukas Richtera
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-61300 Brno, Czech Republic.
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, CZ-61600 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Zbynek Heger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-61300 Brno, Czech Republic.
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, CZ-61600 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Mirko Cernak
- CEPLANT R&D Centre for Low-Cost Plasma and Nanotechnology Surface Modifications, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, CZ-61137 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Vojtech Adam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-61300 Brno, Czech Republic.
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, CZ-61600 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Ondrej Zitka
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-61300 Brno, Czech Republic.
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, CZ-61600 Brno, Czech Republic.
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Huang X, Liu Y, Yung B, Xiong Y, Chen X. Nanotechnology-Enhanced No-Wash Biosensors for in Vitro Diagnostics of Cancer. ACS NANO 2017; 11:5238-5292. [PMID: 28590117 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b02618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
In vitro biosensors have been an integral component for early diagnosis of cancer in the clinic. Among them, no-wash biosensors, which only depend on the simple mixing of the signal generating probes and the sample solution without additional washing and separation steps, have been found to be particularly attractive. The outstanding advantages of facile, convenient, and rapid response of no-wash biosensors are especially suitable for point-of-care testing (POCT). One fast-growing field of no-wash biosensor design involves the usage of nanomaterials as signal amplification carriers or direct signal generating elements. The analytical capacity of no-wash biosensors with respect to sensitivity or limit of detection, specificity, stability, and multiplexing detection capacity is largely improved because of their large surface area, excellent optical, electrical, catalytic, and magnetic properties. This review provides a comprehensive overview of various nanomaterial-enhanced no-wash biosensing technologies and focuses on the analysis of the underlying mechanism of these technologies applied for the early detection of cancer biomarkers ranging from small molecules to proteins, and even whole cancerous cells. Representative examples are selected to demonstrate the proof-of-concept with promising applications for in vitro diagnostics of cancer. Finally, a brief discussion of common unresolved issues and a perspective outlook on the field are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University , Nanchang 330047, P. R. China
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH) , Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Yijing Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH) , Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Bryant Yung
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH) , Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Yonghua Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University , Nanchang 330047, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH) , Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
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21
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Tian B, Ma J, Qiu Z, Zardán Gómez de la Torre T, Donolato M, Hansen MF, Svedlindh P, Strömberg M. Optomagnetic Detection of MicroRNA Based on Duplex-Specific Nuclease-Assisted Target Recycling and Multilayer Core-Satellite Magnetic Superstructures. ACS NANO 2017; 11:1798-1806. [PMID: 28177611 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b07763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Superstructural assembly of magnetic nanoparticles enables approaches to biosensing by combining specially tailored properties of superstructures and the particular advantages associated with a magnetic or optomagnetic read-out such as low background signal, easy manipulation, cost-efficiency, and potential for bioresponsive multiplexing. Herein, we demonstrate a sensitive and rapid miRNA detection method based on optomagnetic read-out, duplex-specific nuclease (DSN)-assisted target recycling, and the use of multilayer core-satellite magnetic superstructures. Triggered by the presence of target miRNA and DSN-assisted target recycling, the core-satellite magnetic superstructures release their "satellites" to the suspension, which subsequently can be quantified accurately in a low-cost and user-friendly optomagnetic setup. Target miRNAs are preserved in the cleaving reaction and can thereby trigger more cleavage and release of "satellites". For singleplex detection of let-7b, a linear detection range between 10 fM and 10 nM was observed, and a detection limit of 4.8 fM was obtained within a total assay time of 70 min. Multiplexing was achieved by releasing nanoparticles of different sizes in the presence of different miRNAs. The proposed method also has the advantages of single-nucleotide mismatch discrimination and the ability of quantification in a clinical sample matrix, thus holding great promise for miRNA routine multiplex diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Tian
- Department of Engineering Sciences, The Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University , Box 534, SE-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jing Ma
- Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, The Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University , SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Zhen Qiu
- Department of Engineering Sciences, The Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University , Box 534, SE-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Marco Donolato
- BluSense Diagnostics , Fruebjergvej 3, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mikkel Fougt Hansen
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, DTU Nanotech , Building 345B, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Peter Svedlindh
- Department of Engineering Sciences, The Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University , Box 534, SE-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mattias Strömberg
- Department of Engineering Sciences, The Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University , Box 534, SE-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
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22
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Minero GAS, Fock J, McCaskill JS, Hansen MF. Optomagnetic detection of DNA triplex nanoswitches. Analyst 2017; 142:582-585. [DOI: 10.1039/c6an02419j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Triplex DNA formation is studied using rapid low-cost and dose-dependent optomagnetic method with an assay time of max 10 min and limit of detection of 100 pM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Antonio S. Minero
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology
- Technical University of Denmark
- DTU Nanotech
- DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby
- Denmark
| | - Jeppe Fock
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology
- Technical University of Denmark
- DTU Nanotech
- DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby
- Denmark
| | - John S. McCaskill
- Ruhr-Universitaet Bochum
- Microsystems Chemistry and BioIT (BioMIP)
- NC3
- 44801 Bochum
- Germany
| | - Mikkel F. Hansen
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology
- Technical University of Denmark
- DTU Nanotech
- DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby
- Denmark
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