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Liu Z, Shurin GV, Bian L, White DL, Shurin MR, Star A. A Carbon Nanotube Sensor Array for the Label-Free Discrimination of Live and Dead Cells with Machine Learning. Anal Chem 2022; 94:3565-3573. [PMID: 35166531 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c04661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Developing robust cell recognition strategies is important in biochemical research, but the lack of well-defined target molecules creates a bottleneck in some applications. In this paper, a carbon nanotube sensor array was constructed for the label-free discrimination of live and dead mammalian cells. Three types of carbon nanotube field-effect transistors were fabricated, and different features were extracted from the transfer characteristic curves for model training with linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and support-vector machines (SVM). Live and dead cells were accurately classified in more than 90% of samples in each sensor group using LDA as the algorithm. The recursive feature elimination with cross-validation (RFECV) method was applied to handle the overfitting and optimize the model, and cells could be successfully classified with as few as four features and a higher validation accuracy (up to 97.9%) after model optimization. The RFECV method also revealed the crucial features in the classification, indicating the participation of different sensing mechanisms in the classification. Finally, the optimized LDA model was applied for the prediction of unknown samples with an accuracy of 87.5-93.8%, indicating that live and dead cell samples could be well-recognized with the constructed model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengru Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Galina V Shurin
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 3550 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Long Bian
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - David L White
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Michael R Shurin
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 3550 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States.,Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Alexander Star
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
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Mummareddy S, Pradhan S, Narasimhan AK, Natarajan A. On Demand Biosensors for Early Diagnosis of Cancer and Immune Checkpoints Blockade Therapy Monitoring from Liquid Biopsy. BIOSENSORS 2021; 11:bios11120500. [PMID: 34940257 PMCID: PMC8699359 DOI: 10.3390/bios11120500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Recently, considerable interest has emerged in the development of biosensors to detect biomarkers and immune checkpoints to identify and measure cancer through liquid biopsies. The detection of cancer biomarkers from a small volume of blood is relatively fast compared to the gold standard of tissue biopsies. Traditional immuno-histochemistry (IHC) requires tissue samples obtained using invasive procedures and specific expertise as well as sophisticated instruments. Furthermore, the turnaround for IHC assays is usually several days. To overcome these challenges, on-demand biosensor-based assays were developed to provide more immediate prognostic information for clinicians. Novel rapid, highly precise, and sensitive approaches have been under investigation using physical and biochemical methods to sense biomarkers. Additionally, interest in understanding immune checkpoints has facilitated the rapid detection of cancer prognosis from liquid biopsies. Typically, these devices combine various classes of detectors with digital outputs for the measurement of soluble cancer or immune checkpoint (IC) markers from liquid biopsy samples. These sensor devices have two key advantages: (a) a small volume of blood drawn from the patient is sufficient for analysis, and (b) it could aid physicians in quickly selecting and deciding the appropriate therapy regime for the patients (e.g., immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy). In this review, we will provide updates on potential cancer markers, various biosensors in cancer diagnosis, and the corresponding limits of detection, while focusing on biosensor development for IC marker detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Mummareddy
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;
| | - Stuti Pradhan
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;
| | - Ashwin Kumar Narasimhan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 603203, India;
| | - Arutselvan Natarajan
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-650-736-9822
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3
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Affiliation(s)
- Beant Kaur Billing
- University Centre for Research and Development Chandigarh University Gharuan Mohali 140413 India
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4
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Carboxylated single-wall carbon nanotubes decorated with SiO2 coated-Nd2O3 nanoparticles as an electrochemical sensor for L-DOPA detection. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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5
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Brazaca LC, Dos Santos PL, de Oliveira PR, Rocha DP, Stefano JS, Kalinke C, Abarza Muñoz RA, Bonacin JA, Janegitz BC, Carrilho E. Biosensing strategies for the electrochemical detection of viruses and viral diseases - A review. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1159:338384. [PMID: 33867035 PMCID: PMC9186435 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Viruses are the causing agents for many relevant diseases, including influenza, Ebola, HIV/AIDS, and COVID-19. Its rapid replication and high transmissibility can lead to serious consequences not only to the individual but also to collective health, causing deep economic impacts. In this scenario, diagnosis tools are of significant importance, allowing the rapid, precise, and low-cost testing of a substantial number of individuals. Currently, PCR-based techniques are the gold standard for the diagnosis of viral diseases. Although these allow the diagnosis of different illnesses with high precision, they still present significant drawbacks. Their main disadvantages include long periods for obtaining results and the need for specialized professionals and equipment, requiring the tests to be performed in research centers. In this scenario, biosensors have been presented as promising alternatives for the rapid, precise, low-cost, and on-site diagnosis of viral diseases. This critical review article describes the advancements achieved in the last five years regarding electrochemical biosensors for the diagnosis of viral infections. First, genosensors and aptasensors for the detection of virus and the diagnosis of viral diseases are presented in detail regarding probe immobilization approaches, detection methods (label-free and sandwich), and amplification strategies. Following, immunosensors are highlighted, including many different construction strategies such as label-free, sandwich, competitive, and lateral-flow assays. Then, biosensors for the detection of viral-diseases-related biomarkers are presented and discussed, as well as point of care systems and their advantages when compared to traditional techniques. Last, the difficulties of commercializing electrochemical devices are critically discussed in conjunction with future trends such as lab-on-a-chip and flexible sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laís Canniatti Brazaca
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, 13566-590, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Bioanalítica-INCTBio, Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil.
| | - Pãmyla Layene Dos Santos
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Paulo Roberto de Oliveira
- Departamento de Ciências Naturais, Matemática e Educação, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Araras, SP, 13600-970, Brazil
| | - Diego Pessoa Rocha
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, 38400-902, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Santos Stefano
- Departamento de Ciências Naturais, Matemática e Educação, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Araras, SP, 13600-970, Brazil; Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, 38400-902, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Kalinke
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13083-859, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Alejandro Abarza Muñoz
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Bioanalítica-INCTBio, Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil; Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, 38400-902, Brazil
| | - Juliano Alves Bonacin
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13083-859, Brazil
| | - Bruno Campos Janegitz
- Departamento de Ciências Naturais, Matemática e Educação, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Araras, SP, 13600-970, Brazil.
| | - Emanuel Carrilho
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, 13566-590, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Bioanalítica-INCTBio, Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil.
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Kotru S, Klimuntowski M, Ridha H, Uddin Z, Askhar AA, Singh G, Howlader MMR. Electrochemical sensing: A prognostic tool in the fight against COVID-19. Trends Analyt Chem 2021; 136:116198. [PMID: 33518850 PMCID: PMC7825925 DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has devastated the world, despite all efforts in infection control and treatment/vaccine development. Hospitals are currently overcrowded, with health statuses of patients often being hard to gauge. Therefore, methods for determining infection severity need to be developed so that high-risk patients can be prioritized, resources can be efficiently distributed, and fatalities can be prevented. Electrochemical prognostic biosensing of various biomarkers may hold promise in solving these problems as they are low-cost and provide timely results. Therefore, we have reviewed the literature and extracted the most promising biomarkers along with their most favourable electrochemical sensors. The biomarkers discussed in this paper are C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukins (ILs), tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interferons (IFNs), glutamate, breath pH, lymphocytes, platelets, neutrophils and D-dimer. Metabolic syndrome is also discussed as comorbidity for COVID-19 patients, as it increases infection severity and raises chances of becoming infected. Cannabinoids, especially cannabidiol (CBD), are discussed as a potential adjunct therapy for COVID-19 as their medicinal properties may be desirable in minimizing the neurodegenerative or severe inflammatory damage caused by severe COVID-19 infection. Currently, hospitals are struggling to provide adequate care; thus, point-of-care electrochemical sensor development needs to be prioritized to provide an approximate prognosis for hospital patients. During and following the immediate aftermath of the pandemic, electrochemical sensors can also be integrated into wearable and portable devices to help patients monitor recovery while returning to their daily lives. Beyond the COVID-19 pandemic, these sensors will also prove useful for monitoring inflammation-based diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharda Kotru
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Martin Klimuntowski
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Hashim Ridha
- School of Interdisciplinary Science, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Zakir Uddin
- School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, 1400 Main St W, Hamilton, ON, L8S 1C7, Canada
| | - Ali A Askhar
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Gurmit Singh
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Matiar M R Howlader
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
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7
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Salvo P, Vivaldi FM, Bonini A, Biagini D, Bellagambi FG, Miliani FM, Di Francesco F, Lomonaco T. Biosensors for Detecting Lymphocytes and Immunoglobulins. BIOSENSORS 2020; 10:E155. [PMID: 33121071 PMCID: PMC7694141 DOI: 10.3390/bios10110155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Lymphocytes (B, T and natural killer cells) and immunoglobulins are essential for the adaptive immune response against external pathogens. Flow cytometry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISA) kits are the gold standards to detect immunoglobulins, B cells and T cells, whereas the impedance measurement is the most used technique for natural killer cells. For point-of-care, fast and low-cost devices, biosensors could be suitable for the reliable, stable and reproducible detection of immunoglobulins and lymphocytes. In the literature, such biosensors are commonly fabricated using antibodies, aptamers, proteins and nanomaterials, whereas electrochemical, optical and piezoelectric techniques are used for detection. This review describes how these measurement techniques and transducers can be used to fabricate biosensors for detecting lymphocytes and the total content of immunoglobulins. The various methods and configurations are reported, along with the advantages and current limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Salvo
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Council of Research, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Federico M. Vivaldi
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Council of Research, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (A.B.); (D.B.); (F.M.M.); (F.D.F.); (T.L.)
| | - Andrea Bonini
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (A.B.); (D.B.); (F.M.M.); (F.D.F.); (T.L.)
| | - Denise Biagini
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (A.B.); (D.B.); (F.M.M.); (F.D.F.); (T.L.)
| | - Francesca G. Bellagambi
- Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280, Université Lyon 1, 5, rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France;
| | - Filippo M. Miliani
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (A.B.); (D.B.); (F.M.M.); (F.D.F.); (T.L.)
| | - Fabio Di Francesco
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (A.B.); (D.B.); (F.M.M.); (F.D.F.); (T.L.)
| | - Tommaso Lomonaco
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (A.B.); (D.B.); (F.M.M.); (F.D.F.); (T.L.)
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Hwang HS, Jeong JW, Kim YA, Chang M. Carbon Nanomaterials as Versatile Platforms for Biosensing Applications. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:mi11090814. [PMID: 32872236 PMCID: PMC7569884 DOI: 10.3390/mi11090814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A biosensor is defined as a measuring system that includes a biological receptor unit with distinctive specificities toward target analytes. Such analytes include a wide range of biological origins such as DNAs of bacteria or viruses, or proteins generated from an immune system of infected or contaminated living organisms. They further include simple molecules such as glucose, ions, and vitamins. One of the major challenges in biosensor development is achieving efficient signal capture of biological recognition-transduction events. Carbon nanomaterials (CNs) are promising candidates to improve the sensitivity of biosensors while attaining low detection limits owing to their capability of immobilizing large quantities of bioreceptor units at a reduced volume, and they can also act as a transduction element. In addition, CNs can be adapted to functionalization and conjugation with organic compounds or metallic nanoparticles; the creation of surface functional groups offers new properties (e.g., physical, chemical, mechanical, electrical, and optical properties) to the nanomaterials. Because of these intriguing features, CNs have been extensively employed in biosensor applications. In particular, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), nanodiamonds, graphene, and fullerenes serve as scaffolds for the immobilization of biomolecules at their surface and are also used as transducers for the conversion of signals associated with the recognition of biological analytes. Herein, we provide a comprehensive review on the synthesis of CNs and their potential application to biosensors. In addition, we discuss the efforts to improve the mechanical and electrical properties of biosensors by combining different CNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Suk Hwang
- Alan G. MacDiarmid Energy Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
- Correspondence: (H.S.H.); (Y.A.K.); (M.C.); Tel.: +82-62-530-1771 (M.C.)
| | - Jae Won Jeong
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Graduate School, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea;
| | - Yoong Ahm Kim
- Alan G. MacDiarmid Energy Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Graduate School, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea;
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
- Correspondence: (H.S.H.); (Y.A.K.); (M.C.); Tel.: +82-62-530-1771 (M.C.)
| | - Mincheol Chang
- Alan G. MacDiarmid Energy Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Graduate School, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea;
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
- Correspondence: (H.S.H.); (Y.A.K.); (M.C.); Tel.: +82-62-530-1771 (M.C.)
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Yang H, Xu W, Liang X, Yang Y, Zhou Y. Carbon nanotubes in electrochemical, colorimetric, and fluorimetric immunosensors and immunoassays: a review. Mikrochim Acta 2020; 187:206. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-020-4172-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Patila M, Chalmpes N, Dounousi E, Stamatis H, Gournis D. Use of functionalized carbon nanotubes for the development of robust nanobiocatalysts. Methods Enzymol 2020; 630:263-301. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2019.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Xiao W, Xiao M, Yao S, Cheng H, Shen H, Fu Q, Zhao J, Tang Y. A Rapid, Simple, and Low-Cost CD4 Cell Count Sensor Based on Blocking Immunochromatographic Strip System. ACS Sens 2019; 4:1508-1514. [PMID: 31081625 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.8b01628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The counting of CD4+ T lymphocytes (CD4 cells) is a critical test for evaluating the immune function of HIV-infected peoples and tumor patients. A rapid, simple, accurate, and low-cost CD4 cell counting method as a diagnostic tool is increasingly required in the clinic. We designed and developed a novel fluorescent immunochromatographic strips (ICS) system based on the blocking principle for counting CD4 cells. The strategy of this system is to count CD4 cells indirectly, by measuring the free CD4 antibodies that were not bound by CD4 cells. The fluorescent antibodies bound to CD4 cells were blocked at the filter pads, resulting in a decrease in fluorescence of free CD4 antibodies measured. The number of CD4 cells was inversely related to the fluorescence intensity. The CD4 count-ICSs exhibited a quasilinear response ( R2 = 0.96) to logarithmic CD4 cell concentrations in PBMC samples in the range of 50-1000 cells/μL. In addition, the CD4 count-ICSs reliably quantified CD4 cells in whole blood samples, where the assay exhibited a linear correlation ( R2 = 0.976) readout for CD4 cell concentrations ranging from 100 to 800 cells/μL. To validate the clinical applicability of this method, 54 blood samples were measured: the detection results showed a high correlation ( R2 > 0.97) with the flow cytometry (FCM) analysis. The fluorescent ICSs can be used to count CD4 cells in blood samples, which have a high coincidence rate with FCM analysis; therefore, the CD4 count ICS system is an excellent candidate method for CD4 cell counting in resource-limited settings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hongmin Cheng
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
| | | | | | - Jianfu Zhao
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
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Zhu J, Xu J, Jiang LL, Huang JQ, Yan JY, Chen YW, Yang Q. Improved antitumor activity of cisplatin combined with Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides in U14 cervical carcinoma-bearing mice. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2019; 35:222-229. [PMID: 30958641 DOI: 10.1002/kjm2.12020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Research on anticervical cancer is urgently required to enhance clinical outcomes. As a main anticancer drug for cervical carcinoma, cisplatin (CIS) has been used for a lot of years in clinical therapy. However, serious adverse effects including nephrotoxicity and neurotoxicity limit its long-term treatment. Our main goal of this study is to investigate the improvement of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides (GPS) on CIS-induced antitumor effect of in U14 cervical carcinoma-bearing mice. The results showed that GPS + CIS could not only inhibit the growth of the tumor but also improve the spleen and thymus indexes. Moreover, little toxicological effects were observed on hepatic function and renal function in GPS + CIS treated mice bearing U14 tumor cells. Further analysis of the tumor inhibition mechanism indicated that the number of apoptotic tumor cells increased significantly, the expression of Bax increased and the expression of Bcl-2 decreased dramatically in cervical cancer sections after oral administration of GPS + CIS for 14 days. This GPS/CIS combined therapy represents intriguing therapeutic strategy for U14 cervical carcinoma providing not only superior efficacy but also a higher safety level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhu
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, First People's Hospital of Wenling, Wenling, China
| | - Jia Xu
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, First People's Hospital of Wenling, Wenling, China
| | - Ling-Ling Jiang
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, First People's Hospital of Wenling, Wenling, China
| | - Jin-Qun Huang
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, First People's Hospital of Wenling, Wenling, China
| | - Jin-Yu Yan
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, First People's Hospital of Wenling, Wenling, China
| | - Yi-Wan Chen
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, First People's Hospital of Wenling, Wenling, China
| | - Qian Yang
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, First People's Hospital of Wenling, Wenling, China
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Direct electroiodimetric sensing of reducing biomolecules using a modified multiwall carbon nanotube/ionic liquid paste electrode by tetra-n-octylammonium triiodide. Electrochim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.09.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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14
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Dhanjai, Sinha A, Lu X, Wu L, Tan D, Li Y, Chen J, Jain R. Voltammetric sensing of biomolecules at carbon based electrode interfaces: A review. Trends Analyt Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2017.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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15
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Mane S, Narmawala R, Chatterjee S. Selective recognition of atropine in biological fluids and leaves of Datura stramonium employing a carbon nanotube–chitosan film based biosensor. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj01312h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This paper demonstrates a selective, expeditious and facile electrochemical approach for the ultrasensitive detection of atropine in complex matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suyash Mane
- Department of Chemistry
- Institute of Chemical Technology
- Mumbai 400019
- India
| | - Rushda Narmawala
- Department of Chemistry
- Institute of Chemical Technology
- Mumbai 400019
- India
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Antitumor and Immunoregulatory Activities of Seleno-β-Lactoglobulin on S180 Tumor-Bearing Mice. Molecules 2017; 23:molecules23010046. [PMID: 29283364 PMCID: PMC5943936 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23010046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Degeneration of immune organs like thymus and spleen has been discovered in tumor-bearing mice; which increases the difficulties on oncotherapy. More effective drugs which target the protection of immune organs are expected to be researched. In this study; we aim to analyze the antitumor and immunoregulatory activities of seleno-β-lactoglobulin (Se-β-lg) on S180 tumor-bearing mice. Results indicated that Se-β-lg exhibited a remarkable inhibitory effect on S180 solid tumors with the inhibition rate of 48.38%; and protected the thymuses and spleens of S180-bearing mice. In addition, Se-β-lg could also balance the proportions of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in spleens; thymuses and peripheral bloods; and improve Levels of IL-2; IFN-γ; TNF-α in mice serums. β-lg showed weaker bioactivities while SeO2 showed stronger toxicity on mice. Therefore our results demonstrated that Se-β-lg possessed stronger antitumor and immunoregulatory activities with lower side effects and had the potential to be a novel immunopotentiator and antitumor agent.
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