1
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Zhou Z, Tian Y, Zou L, Liu Y, Zhang X, Huang X, Ren H, Li Z, Niu H, Liao H, Zhang X, Pan H, Rong S, Ma H. An electrochemical ratiometric immunosensor for the detection of NMP22 based on ZIF-8@MWCNTs@Chit@Fc@AuNPs and AuPt-MB. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2024. [PMID: 39046279 DOI: 10.1039/d4ay01066c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
Nuclear matrix protein 22 (NMP22) is one of the most important tumor markers of bladder cancer and is significantly elevated in the urine of bladder cancer patients. Therefore, in this work, a highly sensitive ratiometric electrochemical immunosensor was constructed to detect NMP22 based on ZIF-8@MWCNTs@Chit@Fc@AuNPs composites. ZIF-8 had a large surface area and good adsorption ability. Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs) can optimize the electrical conductivity of ZIF-8, so that the electrode surface of ferrocene (Fc) obtains a stable and strong electrochemical signal. In addition, AuPt-MB provided another strong detection signal methylene blue (MB) while immobilizing the secondary antibody (Ab2) through Au-N and Pt-N bonds. A ratiometric electrochemical sensor was formed based on ZIF-8@MWCNTs@Chit@Fc@AuNPs and AuPt-MB, which showed a great linear connection between IMB/IFc and the logarithmic concentration of NMP22 with a detection limit of 3.33 fg mL-1 (S/N = 3) under optimized specifications in the concentration interval of 0.01 pg mL-1 to 1000 ng mL-1. In addition, the ratiometric immunosensor showed good selectivity and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiren Zhou
- Public Health School, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China.
| | - Yuting Tian
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lina Zou
- Nursing School, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Yanan Liu
- Public Health School, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China.
| | - Xueqing Zhang
- Public Health School, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China.
| | - Xiaojing Huang
- Public Health School, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China.
| | - Huanyu Ren
- Public Health School, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China.
| | - Zheng Li
- Public Health School, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China.
| | - Huiru Niu
- Public Health School, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China.
| | - Hao Liao
- Public Health School, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China.
| | - Xiaojing Zhang
- Public Health School, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China.
| | - Hongzhi Pan
- Collaborative Research Center, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengzhong Rong
- Public Health School, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China.
| | - Hongkun Ma
- Public Health School, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China.
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2
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Wu H, Yang X. Biofunctional photoelectrochemical/electrochemical immunosensor based on BiVO 4/BiOI-MWCNTs and Au@PdPt for alpha-fetoprotein detection. Bioelectrochemistry 2024; 160:108773. [PMID: 38972159 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2024.108773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
A biofunctional immunosensor combining photoelectrochemical (PEC) and electrochemical (EC) was proposed for the quantitative detection of the liver cancer marker alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in human blood. BiVO4/BiOI-MWCNTs photoactive materials were first prepared on conductive glass FTO, and the photoelectrode was functionalized by chitosan and glutaraldehyde. Then, the AFP capture antibody (Ab1) was successfully modified on the photoelectrode, and the label-free rapid detection of AFP antigen was achieved by PEC. In addition, Au@PdPt nanospheres were also used as a marker for binding to AFP detection antibody (Ab2). Due to the excellent catalytic properties of Au@PdPt in EC reaction, a signal increase in the EC response can be achieved when Ab2 binds to the AFP antigen, which ensures high sensitivity for the detection of AFP. The detection limits of PEC and EC are 0.050 pg/mL and 0.014 pg/mL, respectively. The sensor also possesses good specificity, stability and reproducibility, shows excellent performance in the detection of clinical samples and has good clinical applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haotian Wu
- Department of Physics and Energy, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| | - Xiaozhan Yang
- Department of Physics and Energy, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Quantum Information Chips and Devices, Chongqing 400060, China.
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3
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Srivastava A, Azad UP. Nanobioengineered surface comprising carbon based materials for advanced biosensing and biomedical application. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126802. [PMID: 37690641 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Carbon-based nanomaterials (CNMs) are at the cutting edge of materials science. Due to their distinctive architectures, substantial surface area, favourable biocompatibility, and reactivity to internal and/or external chemico-physical stimuli, carbon-based nanomaterials are becoming more and more significant in a wide range of applications. Numerous research has been conducted and still is going on to investigate the potential uses of carbon-based hybrid materials for diverse applications such as biosensing, bioimaging, smart drug delivery with the potential for theranostic or combinatorial therapies etc. This review is mainly focused on the classifications and synthesis of various types of CNMs and their electroanalytical application for development of efficient and ultra-sensitive electrochemical biosensors for the point of care diagnosis of fatal and severe diseases at their very initial stage. This review is mainly focused on the classification, synthesis and application of carbon-based material for biosensing applications. The integration of various types of CNMs with nanomaterials, enzymes, redox mediators and biomarkers have been used discussed in development of smart biosensing platform. We have also made an effort to discuss the future prospects for these CNMs in the biosensing area as well as the most recent advancements and applications which will be quite useful for the researchers working across the globe working specially in biosensors field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananya Srivastava
- Department of Chemistry, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Uday Pratap Azad
- Laboratory of Nanoelectrochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (Central University), Bilaspur 495 009, CG, India.
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Li J, Yang M, Cao D, Zhang L, Zong C, Li P. Ultrasensitive Homogeneous Detection of PCSK9 and Efficacy Monitoring of the PCSK9 Inhibitor Based on Proximity Hybridization-Dependent Chemiluminescence Imaging Immunoassay. Anal Chem 2023; 95:5428-5435. [PMID: 36812301 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c00121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Accurate quantification of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) in serum before and after the medication is helpful in grasping the evolution of PCSK9-related disease and evaluating the efficacy of PCSK9 inhibitors. Conventional approaches for PCSK9 quantification suffered from complicated operations and low sensitivity. By integrating stimuli-responsive mesoporous silica nanoparticles, dual-recognition proximity hybridization, and T7 exonuclease-assisted recycling amplification, a novel homogeneous chemiluminescence (CL) imaging approach was proposed for ultrasensitive and convenient immunoassay of PCSK9. Owing to the intelligent design and signal amplification property, the whole assay was conducted without separation and rinsing, significantly simplifying the procedure and eliminating the errors associated with the professional operation; meanwhile, it showed linear ranges over 5 orders of magnitude and detection limit as low as 0.7 pg mL-1. Parallel testing was allowed due to the imaging readout, which brought a maximum throughput of 26 tests h-1. The proposed CL approach was applied to analyze PCSK9 from hyperlipidemia mice before and after the intervention of the PCSK9 inhibitor. Serum PCSK9 levels in the model group and the intervention group could be distinguished efficiently. The results were reliable compared to commercial immunoassay results and histopathologic findings. Thus, it could facilitate the monitoring of the serum PCSK9 level and the lipid-lowering effect of the PCSK9 inhibitor, showing promising potential in bioanalysis and pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Muqiu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Dan Cao
- Nanjing Poclight Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210032, P. R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Chen Zong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
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Huang X, Miao J, Xu X, Cao D, Liu L, Wei Q, Cao W. Dual-mode electrochemical immunoassay for Non-small cell lung cancer detection based on CoSe2-GO-Au and poly(MB)-Au. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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6
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Li Z, Zhang J, Huang Y, Zhai J, Liao G, Wang Z, Ning C. Development of electroactive materials-based immunosensor towards early-stage cancer detection. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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7
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Xia Y, Liu Y, Hu X, Zhao F, Zeng B. Dual-Mode Electrochemical Competitive Immunosensor Based on Cd 2+/Au/Polydopamine/Ti 3C 2 Composite and Copper-Based Metal-Organic Framework for 17β-Estradiol Detection. ACS Sens 2022; 7:3077-3084. [PMID: 36198618 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c01420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Herein, a dual-mode electrochemical competitive immunosensor was constructed for the detection of 17β-estradiol (E2) based on differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and chronoamperometry (i-t). During the immune recognition process, the E2 antibody (E2-Ab) was immobilized on the Cd2+/Au/polydopamine/Ti3C2 (Cd2+/Au/pDA/Ti3C2) composite-modified electrode; then, the E2-conjugated bovine serum albumin (E2-BSA) was labeled with a copper-based metal-organic framework (Cu-MOF) and competed with E2 in combining the E2-Ab. The Cu-MOF was not only an electroactive species but also possessed good electrocatalytic activity toward H2O2. Thus, E2 could be quantified according to the peak current change of the Cu-MOF in DPV curve or the variation of H2O2 reduction current. For DPV quantification, Cd2+ was introduced as an internal reference in this case, and a highly reproducible ratio readout was obtained. The as-prepared dual-mode E2 electrochemical immunosensor showed good linear relationship in the ranges of 1 pg mL-1-10 ng mL-1 (DPV) and 10 pg mL-1-10 ng mL-1 (i-t), and the detection limits were 0.47 and 5.4 pg mL-1 (S/N = 3), respectively. Furthermore, the dual-mode electrochemical immunosensor exhibited good practicability in real sample analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yide Xia
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Yiwei Liu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Xiaopeng Hu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Faqiong Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Baizhao Zeng
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei Province, PR China
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8
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Sandwich-type electrochemical aptasensor based on Au-modified conductive octahedral carbon architecture and snowflake-like PtCuNi for the sensitive detection of cardiac troponin I. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 212:114431. [PMID: 35671701 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The cardiac troponin I (cTnI) detection is increasingly significant given its promising value in the clinical acute myocardial infarction diagnosis. Here a sensitive sandwich-type cTnI electrochemical aptasensor was developed by using zirconium-carbon loaded with Au (Au/Zr-C) as electrode-modified material and snowflake-like PtCuNi catalyst as label material. The Au/Zr-C was prepared from a carbonation process and a reduction step. The PtCuNi was synthesized by a one-pot hydrothermal reaction. On the one hand, due to its many merits of large effective area, rich pores, high degree of graphitization, the assistance of Au, the Au/Zr-C exhibited remarkable electronic conductivity but low catalytical capacity, thus improving the electrochemical property but lowing the background signal of electrode. On the other hand, because of its accessible active sites of the special snowflake-like structure and the synergy of three elements, the PtCuNi catalyst presented excellent catalytic activity and improved stability compared to binary alloy. The recognition reactions were achieved by stepwise incubation of aptamer 1, cTnI, and aptamer 2-PtCuNi (denoted as Apt2-label) on the Au/Zr-C-modified electrode. The electrocatalytic signals of the immobilized Apt2-label towards the H2O2 reduction were recorded in all tests for cTnI analysis. Consequently, this cTnI aptasensor exhibited excellent performance involving a wide linear range of 100 ng mL-1 to 0.01 pg mL-1 with a detection limit of 1.24 × 10-3 pg mL-1 (S/N = 3), good selectivity, satisfying reproducibility, outstanding stability, and good recovery.
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9
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Current progress in organic–inorganic hetero-nano-interfaces based electrochemical biosensors for healthcare monitoring. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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10
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Zhang Y, Wang H, Shang K, Wang X, Xu P. Reliable detection of Listeria monocytogenes by a portable paper-based multi-biocatalyst platform integrating three biomarkers: Gene hly, acetoin, and listeriolysin O protein. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2021.115975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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11
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Zhao H, Niu Z, Chen K, Chen L, Wang Z, Lan M, Shi J, Huang W. A novel sandwich-type electrochemical biosensor enabling sensitive detection of circulating tumor DNA. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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12
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PSA detection electrochemical immunosensor based on MOF-235 nanomaterial adsorption aggregation signal amplification strategy. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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13
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Sri S, Lakshmi GBVS, Gulati P, Chauhan D, Thakkar A, Solanki PR. Simple and facile carbon dots based electrochemical biosensor for TNF-α targeting in cancer patient's sample. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1182:338909. [PMID: 34602194 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Tumour Necrosis Factor (TNF-α) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine having key roles in cell death, differentiation, survival, proliferation, migration and is a modulator of immune system. Therefore, TNF-α is an ideal biomarker for several disease diagnosis including cancer. However, out of all the biomarkers of cancer, TNF-α) is less explored for cancer detection. Only a few reports are available of developing biosensors for TNF-α targeting in human serum samples. Also, Carbon Dots (CDs) remains less explored in biosensor application. In this regard, for the first time, a sensitive and low-cost electrochemical biosensor based on CDs has developed. CDs were synthesized by simple yet facile microwave pyrolysis. Poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) was selected as the matrix to hold CDs to fabricate the biosensing platform. This novel CD-PMMA nanocomposite featuring excellent biocompatibility, exceptional electrocatalytic conductivity, and large surface area. CD-PMMA was applied as transducing material to efficiently conjugate antibodies specific towards TNF-α and fabricate electrochemical immunosensor for specific detection of TNF-α. The fabricated immunosensor was used for the detection of TNF-α within a wide dynamic range of 0.05-160 pg mL-1 with a lower detection limit of 0.05 pg mL-1 and sensitivity of 5.56 pg mL-1 cm-2. Furthermore, this CDs based immunosensor retains high sensitivity, selectivity, and stability. This immunosensor demonstrated a high correlation with the conventional technique, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for early screening of cancer patient serum samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smriti Sri
- Special Centre for Nanoscience, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - G B V S Lakshmi
- Special Centre for Nanoscience, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Payal Gulati
- Special Centre for Nanoscience, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Deepika Chauhan
- Special Centre for Nanoscience, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Alok Thakkar
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Pratima R Solanki
- Special Centre for Nanoscience, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India.
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14
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Sun CL, Lin CH, Kuo CH, Huang CW, Nguyen DD, Chou TC, Chen CY, Lu YJ. Visible-Light-Assisted Photoelectrochemical Biosensing of Uric Acid Using Metal-Free Graphene Oxide Nanoribbons. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11102693. [PMID: 34685134 PMCID: PMC8538689 DOI: 10.3390/nano11102693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we demonstrate the visible-light-assisted photoelectrochemical (PEC) biosensing of uric acid (UA) by using graphene oxide nanoribbons (GONRs) as PEC electrode materials. Specifically, GONRs with controlled properties were synthesized by the microwave-assisted exfoliation of multi-walled carbon nanotubes. For the detection of UA, GONRs were adopted to modify either a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) or a glassy carbon electrode (GCE). Cyclic voltammetry analyses indicated that all Faradaic currents of UA oxidation on GONRs with different unzipping/exfoliating levels on SPCE increased by more than 20.0% under AM 1.5 irradiation. Among these, the GONRs synthesized under a microwave power of 200 W, namely GONR(200 W), exhibited the highest increase in Faradaic current. Notably, the GONR(200 W)/GCE electrodes revealed a remarkable elevation (~40.0%) of the Faradaic current when irradiated by light-emitting diode (LED) light sources under an intensity of illumination of 80 mW/cm2. Therefore, it is believed that our GONRs hold great potential for developing a novel platform for PEC biosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Liang Sun
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 333323, Taiwan; (C.-H.L.); (C.-H.K.); (C.-W.H.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City 333423, Taiwan
- Correspondence: or (C.-L.S.); (Y.-J.L.)
| | - Cheng-Hsuan Lin
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 333323, Taiwan; (C.-H.L.); (C.-H.K.); (C.-W.H.)
| | - Chia-Heng Kuo
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 333323, Taiwan; (C.-H.L.); (C.-H.K.); (C.-W.H.)
| | - Chia-Wei Huang
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 333323, Taiwan; (C.-H.L.); (C.-H.K.); (C.-W.H.)
| | - Duc Dung Nguyen
- Center for High Technology Development, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam;
| | - Tsu-Chin Chou
- Institute of Analytical and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan;
| | - Cheng-Ying Chen
- Center for Plasma and Thin Film Technologies (CPTFT), Department of Materials Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 243303, Taiwan;
| | - Yu-Jen Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City 333423, Taiwan
- Correspondence: or (C.-L.S.); (Y.-J.L.)
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15
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Luo S, Chen X, He Y, Gu Y, Zhu C, Yang GH, Qu LL. Recent advances in graphene nanoribbons for biosensing and biomedicine. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:6129-6143. [PMID: 34291262 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb00871d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, a new type of quasi-one-dimensional graphene-based material, graphene nanoribbons (GNRs), has attracted increasing attention. The limited domain width and rich edge configurations of GNRs endow them with unique properties and wide applications in comparison to two-dimensional graphene. This review article mainly focuses on the electrical, chemical and other properties of GNRs, and further introduces the typical preparation methods of GNRs, including top-down and bottom-up strategies. Then, their biosensing and biomedical applications are highlighted in detail, such as biosensors, photothermal therapy, drug delivery, etc. Finally, the challenges and future prospects in the synthesis and application of functionalized GNRs are discussed. It is expected that GNRs will have significant practical use in biomedical applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Luo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials, School of Chemistry & Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China.
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16
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Johnson AP, Sabu C, Swamy NK, Anto A, Gangadharappa H, Pramod K. Graphene nanoribbon: An emerging and efficient flat molecular platform for advanced biosensing. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 184:113245. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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17
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Chen K, Zhao H, Wang Z, Lan M. A novel signal amplification label based on AuPt alloy nanoparticles supported by high-active carbon for the electrochemical detection of circulating tumor DNA. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1169:338628. [PMID: 34088375 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The detection of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) has increasingly received a great deal of attention considering its significance in cancer diagnosis. And the signal amplification plays an important role in the development of sensitive ctDNA biosensors. Herein, the nanocomposites (denoted as HAC-AuPt), integrating from high-active carbon (HAC) and AuPt alloy nanoparticles, were synthesized and subsequently used as a signal amplification label to fabricate a sandwich-type ctDNA electrochemical biosensor. Characterizations demonstrated that HAC presents uniform size distribution and AuPt alloy nanoparticles were successfully loaded on HAC. The current response could be amplified to a great extent by the resultant HAC-AuPt due to its excellent electrochemical property. The nanocomposites were further bounded with DNA signal probes (SPs) via Au-S or Pt-S assembly to form SPs-label. After the capture probes (CPs) were immobilized on the electrode surface, the target DNA (tDNA) and SPs-label were stepwise incubated on the CPs-modified electrode, thus forming a sandwich-type structure. By monitoring the catalytic signal of HAC-AuPt towards the reduction process of H2O2, this biosensor provided a wide linear range of 10-8 mol/L - 10-16 mol/L with a low detection limit of 3.6 × 10-17 mol/L (S/N = 3) for the detection of the tDNA. Furthermore, obvious differences in response signals among different DNAs were observed benefitting from the excellent selectivity of the biosensor. Besides, the long-term stability, reproducibility, and recovery rate were proved to be outstanding. These results indicate that the established biosensor holds a potential application in the clinical diagnosis of ctDNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaicha Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongli Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhenxing Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Minbo Lan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China; Research Center of Analysis and Test, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China.
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18
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Huang S, Lu M, Wang L. Cytochrome c-multiwalled carbon nanotube and cobalt metal organic framework/gold nanoparticle immobilized electrochemical biosensor for nitrite detection. RSC Adv 2020; 11:501-509. [PMID: 35423011 PMCID: PMC8690941 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra09551f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on cytochrome c-multiwalled carbon nanotubes (Cyt c-MWCNTs) and cobalt metal–organic frameworks/gold nanoparticles (Co-MOFs/AuNPs), an electrochemical biosensor was proposed for the detection of nitrite. Herein, Co-MOFs and AuNPs were immobilized on gold electrodes via surface layer assembly. Their advantages including large surface area and high conductivity provided an excellent platform for the immobilization of Cyt c-MWCNTs. Cyt c-MWCNTs were prepared via electrostatic adsorption and possessed good biocompatibility and superior electrocatalytic activity towards nitrite. Notably, MWCNTs and AuNPs could provide a good microenvironment for the electron transfer of Cyt c, which further significantly promoted the dispersion of MWCNTs. All of the above features led to outstanding electrochemical performance and achieved signal amplification for nitrite detection. Therefore, the biosensor displayed a linear range from 0.005 μmol L−1 to 1000 μmol L−1 with a detection limit of 0.0044 μmol L−1 for nitrite detection. In addition, the designed biosensor exhibited excellent selectivity and could be applied in real samples. Based on cytochrome c-multiwalled carbon nanotubes (Cyt c-MWCNTs) and cobalt metal organic frameworks/gold nanoparticles (Co-MOFs/AuNPs), an electrochemical biosensor was proposed for the detection of nitrite.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Huang
- School of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Hunan Key Laboratory of Applied Environmental Photocatalysis, Hunan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental and Energy Photocatalysis, Changsha University Changsha 410022 China +86 731 84261506 +86 731 84261506
| | - Ming Lu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Huizhou University Huizhou 516007 China
| | - Lei Wang
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Inorganic Nonmetallic Crystalline and Energy Conversion Materials, China Three Gorges University Yichang 443002 China +86 717 6397505 +86 717 6397505
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Zhang L, Ying Y, Li Y, Fu Y. Integration and synergy in protein-nanomaterial hybrids for biosensing: Strategies and in-field detection applications. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 154:112036. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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20
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Liu H, Cheng Y, Chen Y, Xiao H, Sui Y, Xie Q, Liu R, Yang X. Dual-signal sandwich-type electrochemical immunoassay of galectin-3 using methylene blue and gold nanoparticles biolabels. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2020.113952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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21
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Zhou Y, He J, Zhang C, Li J, Fu X, Mao W, Li W, Yu C. Novel Ce(III)-Metal Organic Framework with a Luminescent Property To Fabricate an Electrochemiluminescence Immunosensor. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:338-346. [PMID: 31794188 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b19246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We designed a novel luminescent metal-organic framework (MOF) named Ce-TCPP-LMOF (CTM) through a simple one-pot solvothermal method. CTM was synthesized by using the emerging electrochemiluminescent (ECL) material (4,4',4″,4‴-(porphine-5,10,15,20-tetrayl)tetrakis(benzoic acid) as the organic ligand and Ce(III) as the metal node. We found that CTM not only has the remarkable ability to emit light but also has a uniform "sandwich biscuit" shape and suitable nanoscale size, which are promising for further applications. We also applied CTM to construct a novel ECL immunosensor and achieve sensitive detection of the proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), a biomarker related to cardiovascular diseases. To further amplify the ECL signal of CTM, a novel dual-amplified signal strategy was established by inducing a polyamidoamine dendrimer (PAMAM) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). Importantly, we first proved that the ECL signal of the CTM/S2O82- system could be enhanced by the PAMAM electric field. As the electron transfer rate was accelerated by the AuNP layer, this ECL signal was further enhanced in AuNP-modified electrodes. The ECL immunosensor showed desirable performance for PCSK9 analysis within a detection range of 50 fg mL-1 to 10 ng mL-1 and a low limit of detection of 19.12 ± 2.69 fg mL-1. Real sample detection suggested that the immunosensor holds great potential for analyzing clinical serum samples.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chengli Zhang
- The First People's Hospital of Zigong , Zigong , Sichuan 643000 , PR China
| | | | | | | | - Wenming Li
- University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing 400016 , P. R. China
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22
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Miao J, Li X, Li Y, Dong X, Zhao G, Fang J, Wei Q, Cao W. Dual-signal sandwich electrochemical immunosensor for amyloid β-protein detection based on Cu–Al2O3-g–C3N4–Pd and UiO-66@PANI-MB. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1089:48-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Hopkins J, Fidanovski K, Lauto A, Mawad D. All-Organic Semiconductors for Electrochemical Biosensors: An Overview of Recent Progress in Material Design. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2019; 7:237. [PMID: 31608275 PMCID: PMC6773807 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Organic semiconductors remain of major interest in the field of bioelectrochemistry for their versatility in chemical and electrochemical behavior. These materials have been tailored using organic synthesis for use in cell stimulation, sustainable energy production, and in biosensors. Recent progress in the field of fully organic semiconductor biosensors is outlined in this review, with a particular emphasis on the synthetic tailoring of these semiconductors for their intended application. Biosensors ultimately function on the basis of a physical, optical or electrochemical change which occurs in the active material when it encounters the target analyte. Electrochemical biosensors are becoming increasingly popular among organic semiconductor biosensors, owing to their good detection performances, and simple operation. The analyte either interacts directly with the semiconductor material in a redox process or undergoes a redox process with a moiety such as an enzyme attached to the semiconductor material. The electrochemical signal is then transduced through the semiconductor material. The most recent examples of organic semiconductor biosensors are discussed here with reference to the material design of polymers with semiconducting backbones, specifically conjugated polymers, and polymer semiconducting dyes. We conclude that direct interaction between the analyte and the semiconducting material is generally more sensitive and cost effective, despite being currently limited by the need to identify, and synthesize selective sensing functionalities. It is also worth noting the potential roles of highly-sensitive, organic transistor devices and small molecule semiconductors, such as the photochromic and redox active molecule spiropyran, as polymer pendant groups in future biosensor designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Hopkins
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kristina Fidanovski
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Antonio Lauto
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Damia Mawad
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Du X, Zheng X, Zhang Z, Wu X, Sun L, Zhou J, Liu M. A Label-Free Electrochemical Immunosensor for Detection of the Tumor Marker CA242 Based on Reduced Graphene Oxide-Gold-Palladium Nanocomposite. NANOMATERIALS 2019; 9:nano9091335. [PMID: 31540374 PMCID: PMC6781068 DOI: 10.3390/nano9091335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
As a tumor marker, carbohydrate antigen 24-2 (CA242) is a highly accurate and specific diagnostic indicator for monitoring pancreatic and colorectal cancers. The goal of this study was to create a novel label-free electrochemical immunosensor using a nanocomposite glassy carbon electrode for the detection of CA242. Graphene oxide (GO) and polyvinyl pyrrolidone were chosen as the dopants for the preparation of a high-performance reduced-GO-gold-palladium (rGO-Au-Pd) nanocomposite. RGO-Au-Pd was characterized using X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy, revealing that the material exhibited superior electrochemical redox activity and electron transfer ability. The effects of the synthesis method, material concentration, reduction cycle, and pH were investigated to optimize the performance of the immunosensor. As a result of the catalytic activity and biocompatibility of rGO-Au-Pd, the prepared CA242 immunosensor displayed a wide linear range of detection from 0.001 U/mL to 10,000 U/mL with a detection limit of 1.54 × 10−3 U/mL and a sensitivity of 4.24 μA (log10CCA242)−1. More importantly, the immunosensor exhibited satisfactory reproducibility and selectivity when detected CA242 in PBS or human serum. The results of our study provide a platform for the development of novel bioassays for use in early cancer diagnosis and promote the application of biosensing technology in the medical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Du
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaodi Zheng
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Zhenhua Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaofan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Lei Sun
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, Shandong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Min Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, Shandong, China.
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Sandwich-type electrochemical immunosensor based on Au@Pt DNRs/NH2-MoSe2 NSs nanocomposite as signal amplifiers for the sensitive detection of alpha-fetoprotein. Bioelectrochemistry 2019; 128:140-147. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2019.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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26
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Lima D, Inaba J, Clarindo Lopes L, Calaça GN, Los Weinert P, Lenzi Fogaça R, Ferreira de Moura J, Magalhães Alvarenga L, Cavalcante de Figueiredo B, Wohnrath K, Andrade Pessôa C. Label-free impedimetric immunosensor based on arginine-functionalized gold nanoparticles for detection of DHEAS, a biomarker of pediatric adrenocortical carcinoma. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 133:86-93. [PMID: 30909017 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.02.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Pediatric adrenocortical carcinoma (pACC) is a rare and aggressive malignancy of high occurrence in Southern Brazil. pACC is characterized by the usual overproduction of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), whose detection in serum or plasma can be effective to the early diagnosis of the disease. Therefore, the present paper reports, for the first time, the construction and application of a label-free impedimetric immunosensor to detect DHEAS, which was based on the modification of an oxidized glassy carbon electrode with arginine-functionalized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs-ARG) and anti-DHEA IgM antibodies (ox-GCE/AuNPs-ARG/IgM). AuNPs-ARG was synthesized by a green route, and characterized by UV-VIS spectroscopy, FTIR, TEM, DLS, and XRD. The construction of ox-GCE/AuNPs-ARG/IgM was optimized through factorial design and response surface methodology. Cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements were employed to characterize the optimized immunosensor. The DHEAS detection principle was based on the variation of charge transfer resistance (∆Rct) relative to the Fe(CN)64-/3- electrochemical probe after immunoassays in the presence of the biomarker. A linear relationship between ∆Rct and DHEAS concentration was verified in the range from 10.0 to 110.0 µg dL-1, with a LOD of 7.4 µg dL-1. Besides the good sensitivity, the immunosensor displayed accuracy, stability, and specificity to detect DHEAS. The promising analytical performance of ox-GCE/AuNPs-ARG/IgM was confirmed by quantifying DHEAS in real patient plasma samples, with results that were comparable to the reference chemiluminescence assay. Our results suggest that the presented immunosensor can find clinical applications in the early diagnosis of pACC and to monitor DHEAS levels in other adrenal pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhésmon Lima
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Av. General Carlos Cavalcanti, 4748, 84030-900 Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Juliana Inaba
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Av. General Carlos Cavalcanti, 4748, 84030-900 Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Luma Clarindo Lopes
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Av. General Carlos Cavalcanti, 4748, 84030-900 Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Giselle Nathaly Calaça
- Department of Chemistry, Instituto Federal do Paraná, Rodovia PR 323, KM 310, 87507-014 Umuarama, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Los Weinert
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Av. General Carlos Cavalcanti, 4748, 84030-900 Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Lenzi Fogaça
- Department of Basic Pathology, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Av. Coronel Francisco H. dos Santos, 100, 81530-000 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Juliana Ferreira de Moura
- Department of Basic Pathology, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Av. Coronel Francisco H. dos Santos, 100, 81530-000 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Larissa Magalhães Alvarenga
- Department of Basic Pathology, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Av. Coronel Francisco H. dos Santos, 100, 81530-000 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Bonald Cavalcante de Figueiredo
- Department of Community Health, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Rua Padre Camargo, 261, 80069-240 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil; Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Av. Silva Jardim, 1632, 80250-060 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Karen Wohnrath
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Av. General Carlos Cavalcanti, 4748, 84030-900 Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Christiana Andrade Pessôa
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Av. General Carlos Cavalcanti, 4748, 84030-900 Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil.
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Dong S, Wang S, Gyimah E, Zhu N, Wang K, Wu X, Zhang Z. A novel electrochemical immunosensor based on catalase functionalized AuNPs-loaded self-assembled polymer nanospheres for ultrasensitive detection of tetrabromobisphenol A bis(2-hydroxyethyl) ether. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1048:50-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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28
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Enhanced peroxidase-like properties of Au@Pt DNs/NG/Cu2+ and application of sandwich-type electrochemical immunosensor for highly sensitive detection of CEA. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 112:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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