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Sonwal S, Gupta VK, Shukla S, Umapathi R, Ghoreishian SM, Han S, Bajpai VK, Cho Y, Huh YS. Panoramic view of artificial fruit ripening agents sensing technologies and the exigency of developing smart, rapid, and portable detection devices: A review. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 331:103199. [PMID: 38909548 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2024.103199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Recently, the availability of point-of-care sensor systems has led to the rapid development of smart and portable devices for the detection of hazardous analytes. The rapid flow of artificially ripened fruits into the market is associated with an elevated risk to human life, agriculture, and the ecosystem due to the use of artificial fruit ripening agents (AFRAs). Accordingly, there is a need for the development of "Point-of-care Sensors" to detect AFRAs due to several advantages, such as simple operation, promising detection mechanism, higher selectivity and sensitivity, compact, and portable. Traditional detection approaches are time-consuming and inappropriate for on-the-spot analyses. Presented comprehensive review aimed to reveal how such technology has systematically evolved over time (through conventional, advanced, and portable smart techniques) detection detect AFRA, till date. Moreover, focuses and highlights a framework of initiatives undertaken for technological advancements in the development of smart the portable detection techniques (kits) for the onsite detection of AFRAs in fruits with in-depth discussion over sensing mechanism and analytical performance of the sensing technology. Notably, colorimetric detection methods have the greatest potential for real-time monitoring of AFRA and its residues because they are easy to assemble, have a high level of selectivity and sensitivity, and can be read by the human eye independently. This study sought to differentiate between traditional credible strategies by presenting new prospects, perceptions, and challenges related to portable devices. This review provides systematic framework of advances in portable field recognition strategies for the on-spot AFRA detection in fruits and critical information for development of new paper-based portable sensors for fruit diagnostic sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonam Sonwal
- NanoBio High-Tech Materials Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Vivek Kumar Gupta
- NanoBio High-Tech Materials Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Shruti Shukla
- Department of Nanotechnology, North-Eastern Hill University (NEHU), East Khasi Hills, Shillong, Meghalaya 793022, India
| | - Reddicherla Umapathi
- NanoBio High-Tech Materials Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Soobin Han
- NanoBio High-Tech Materials Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Vivek Kumar Bajpai
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngjin Cho
- Food Safety and Distribution Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Republic of korea.
| | - Yun Suk Huh
- NanoBio High-Tech Materials Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Koumbia M, Ngoepe M, Holman JB, Mufamadi MS, Takai M. Microfluidic electrochemical biosensors: tools for advancing the sustainable development goals. Trends Biotechnol 2024:S0167-7799(24)00097-0. [PMID: 38714388 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2024.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
New technologies can help to achieve the sustainable development goals (SDGs) of the United Nations. We discuss the contribution of microfluidic electrochemical biosensors to advancing the SDGs. These sensors can be applied in various fields given their low cost, self-powering ability, environmental compatibility, ease of use, and small sample volume requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mkliwa Koumbia
- School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 2-11-16 Yayoi, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Mpho Ngoepe
- DSI-Mandela Nanomedicine Platform, Nelson Mandela University, Gqeberha, 6001, Eastern Cape, South Africa
| | - Joseph Benjamin Holman
- Department of Electronic Engineering and Information Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Maluta Steven Mufamadi
- DSI-Mandela Nanomedicine Platform, Nelson Mandela University, Gqeberha, 6001, Eastern Cape, South Africa
| | - Madoka Takai
- School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 2-11-16 Yayoi, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
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3
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Dotan T, Jog A, Kadan-Jamal K, Avni A, Shacham-Diamand Y. In Vivo Plant Bio-Electrochemical Sensor Using Redox Cycling. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:219. [PMID: 36831984 PMCID: PMC9953906 DOI: 10.3390/bios13020219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This work presents an in vivo stem-mounted sensor for Nicotiana tabacum plants and an in situ cell suspension sensor for Solanum lycopersicum cells. Stem-mounted sensors are mechanically stable and less sensitive to plant and air movements than the previously demonstrated leaf-mounted sensors. Interdigitated-electrode-arrays with a dual working electrode configuration were used with an auxiliary electrode and an Ag/AgCl quasi-reference electrode. Signal amplification by redox cycling is demonstrated for a plant-based sensor responding to enzyme expression induced by different cues in the plants. Functional biosensing is demonstrated, first for constitutive enzyme expression and later, for heat-shock-induced enzyme expression in plants. In the cell suspension with redox cycling, positive detection of the enzyme β-glucuronidase (GUS) was observed within a few minutes after applying the substrate (pNPG, 4-Nitrophenyl β-D-glucopyranoside), following redox reactions of the product (p-nitrophenol (pNP)). It is assumed that the initial reaction is the irreversible reduction of pNP to p-hydroxylaminophenol. Next, it can be either oxidized to p-nitrosophenol or dehydrated and oxidized to aminophenol. Both last reactions are reversible and can be used for redox cycling. The dual-electrode redox-cycling electrochemical signal was an order of magnitude larger than that of conventional single-working electrode transducers. A simple model for the gain is presented, predicting that an even larger gain is possible for sub-micron electrodes. In summary, this work demonstrates, for the first time, a redox cycling-based in vivo plant sensor, where diffusion-based amplification occurs inside a tobacco plant's tissue. The technique can be applied to other plants as well as to medical and environmental monitoring systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tali Dotan
- Department of Physical Electronics, School of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Aakash Jog
- Department of Physical Electronics, School of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Kian Kadan-Jamal
- Department of Physical Electronics, School of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Adi Avni
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Yosi Shacham-Diamand
- Department of Physical Electronics, School of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
- TAU/TiET Food Security Center of Excellence (TTFSCoE), Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala 147004, India
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4
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Neelam A, Tabassum S. Optical Sensing Technologies to Elucidate the Interplay between Plant and Microbes. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:195. [PMID: 36677256 PMCID: PMC9866067 DOI: 10.3390/mi14010195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Plant-microbe interactions are critical for ecosystem functioning and driving rhizosphere processes. To fully understand the communication pathways between plants and rhizosphere microbes, it is crucial to measure the numerous processes that occur in the plant and the rhizosphere. The present review first provides an overview of how plants interact with their surrounding microbial communities, and in turn, are affected by them. Next, different optical biosensing technologies that elucidate the plant-microbe interactions and provide pathogenic detection are summarized. Currently, most of the biosensors used for detecting plant parameters or microbial communities in soil are centered around genetically encoded optical and electrochemical biosensors that are often not suitable for field applications. Such sensors require substantial effort and cost to develop and have their limitations. With a particular focus on the detection of root exudates and phytohormones under biotic and abiotic stress conditions, novel low-cost and in-situ biosensors must become available to plant scientists.
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Electrochemical Profiling of Plants. ELECTROCHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/electrochem3030030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The profiling, or fingerprinting, of distinct varieties of the Plantae kingdom is based on the bioactive ingredients, which are systematically segregated to perform their detailed analysis. The secondary products portray a pivotal role in defining the ecophysiology of distinct plant species. There is a crucial role of the profiling domain in understanding the various features, characteristics, and conditions related to plants. Advancements in variable technologies have contributed to the development of highly specific sensors for the non-invasive detection of molecules. Furthermore, many hyphenated techniques have led to the development of highly specific integrated systems that allow multiplexed detection, such as high-performance liquid chromatography, gas chromatography, etc., which are quite cumbersome and un-economical. In contrast, electrochemical sensors are a promising alternative which are capable of performing the precise recognition of compounds due to efficient signal transduction. However, due to a few bottlenecks in understanding the principles and non-redox features of minimal metabolites, the area has not been explored. This review article provides an insight to the electrochemical basis of plants in comparison with other traditional approaches and with necessary positive and negative outlooks. Studies consisting of the idea of merging the fields are limited; hence, relevant non-phytochemical reports are included for a better comparison of reports to broaden the scope of this work.
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Zhai J, Luo B, Li A, Dong H, Jin X, Wang X. Unlocking All-Solid Ion Selective Electrodes: Prospects in Crop Detection. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:5541. [PMID: 35898054 PMCID: PMC9331676 DOI: 10.3390/s22155541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This paper reviews the development of all-solid-state ion-selective electrodes (ASSISEs) for agricultural crop detection. Both nutrient ions and heavy metal ions inside and outside the plant have a significant influence on crop growth. This review begins with the detection principle of ASSISEs. The second section introduces the key characteristics of ASSISE and demonstrates its feasibility in crop detection based on previous research. The third section considers the development of ASSISEs in the detection of corps internally and externally (e.g., crop nutrition, heavy metal pollution, soil salinization, N enrichment, and sensor miniaturization, etc.) and discusses the interference of the test environment. The suggestions and conclusions discussed in this paper may provide the foundation for additional research into ion detection for crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Zhai
- Research Center of Intelligent Equipment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (J.Z.); (B.L.); (A.L.); (H.D.); (X.J.)
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Bin Luo
- Research Center of Intelligent Equipment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (J.Z.); (B.L.); (A.L.); (H.D.); (X.J.)
| | - Aixue Li
- Research Center of Intelligent Equipment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (J.Z.); (B.L.); (A.L.); (H.D.); (X.J.)
| | - Hongtu Dong
- Research Center of Intelligent Equipment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (J.Z.); (B.L.); (A.L.); (H.D.); (X.J.)
| | - Xiaotong Jin
- Research Center of Intelligent Equipment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (J.Z.); (B.L.); (A.L.); (H.D.); (X.J.)
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- Research Center of Intelligent Equipment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (J.Z.); (B.L.); (A.L.); (H.D.); (X.J.)
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Kim MY, Lee KH. Electrochemical Sensors for Sustainable Precision Agriculture—A Review. Front Chem 2022; 10:848320. [PMID: 35615311 PMCID: PMC9124781 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.848320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Greenhouse gases released by agriculture account for 19% of global greenhouse gas emission. Moreover, the abuse of pesticides and fertilizers is a fundamental cause of soil and water pollution. Finding sustainable countermeasures for these problems requires completely new approaches and the integration of knowledge. Precision agriculture (PA) is a technology that reduces environmental pollution with minimal input (e.g., fertilizer, herbicides, and pesticides) and maximize the production of high-quality crops by monitoring the conditions and environment of farmland and crops. However, the lack of data—a key technology for realizing PA—remains a major obstacle to the large-scale adoption of PA. Herein, we discuss important research issues, such as data managements and analysis for accurate decision-making, and specific data acquisition strategies. Moreover, we systematically review and discuss electrochemical sensors, including sensors that monitor the plant, soil, and environmental conditions that directly affect plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Yeong Kim
- Department of Electrochemistry, Korea Institute of Materials Science (KIMS), Changwon, South Korea
| | - Kyu Hwan Lee
- Department of Electrochemistry, Korea Institute of Materials Science (KIMS), Changwon, South Korea
- Advanced Materials Engineering, Korea University of Science and Technology, Changwon, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Kyu Hwan Lee,
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8
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Bar-On L, Garlando U, Sophocleous M, Jog A, Motto Ros P, Sade N, Avni A, Shacham-Diamand Y, Demarchi D. Electrical Modelling of In-Vivo Impedance Spectroscopy of Nicotiana tabacum Plants. FRONTIERS IN ELECTRONICS 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/felec.2021.753145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrical impedance spectroscopy has been suggested as a sensing method for plants. Here, a theoretical approach for electrical conduction via the plant stem is presented and validated, linking its living electrical characteristics to its internal structure. An electrical model for the alternating current conduction and the associated impedance in a live plant stem is presented. The model accounts for biological and geometrical attributes. It uses the electrically prevalent coupled transmission line model approach for a simplified description of the complicated vessel structure. It considers the electrode coupling to the plant stem (either Galvanic or Faradic), and accounts for the different interactions of the setup. Then the model is simplified using the lumped element approach. The model is then validated using a four-point probe impedance spectroscopy method, where the probes are galvanically coupled to the stem of Nicotiana tabacum plants. The electrical impedance data was collected continuously and the results exhibit an excellent fitting to the theoretical model, with a fitting error of less than 1.5% for data collected on various days and plants. A parametric evaluation of the fitting corresponds to the proposed physically based model, therefore providing a baseline for future plant sensor design.
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9
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Lan L, Xiong J, Gao D, Li Y, Chen J, Lv J, Ping J, Ying Y, Lee PS. Breathable Nanogenerators for an On-Plant Self-Powered Sustainable Agriculture System. ACS NANO 2021; 15:5307-5315. [PMID: 33687191 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c10817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Building an intelligent interface between plants and the environment is of paramount importance for real-time monitoring of the health status of plants, especially promising for high agricultural yield. Although the advancement of various sensors allows automated monitoring, developing a sustainable power supply for these electronic devices remains a formidable challenge. Herein, a waterproof and breathable triboelectric nanogenerator (WB-TENG) is designed based on poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP) nanofibers embedded with fluorinated carbon nanotubes (F-CNT) microspheres, which was realized by simultaneous electrospinning and electrospraying, respectively. Using carbon nanotubes (CNT) as the electrode, the WB-TENG shows micro-to-nano hierarchical porous structures and high electrostatic adhesion, exhibiting a high output power density of 330.6 μW cm-2, breathability, and hydrophobicity. Besides, the WB-TENG can be conformally self-attached to plant leaves without sacrificing the intrinsic physiological activities of plants, capable of harvesting typical environmental energy from wind and raindrops. Results demonstrate that the WB-TENG can serve as a sustainable power supply for a wireless plant sensor, enabling real-time monitoring of the health status of plants. This work realizes the concept of constructing a plant compatible TENG with environment adaptivity and energy scavenging ability, showing great potential in building a self-powered agriculture system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyi Lan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
- Laboratory of Agricultural Information Intelligent Sensing, School of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Jiaqing Xiong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Dace Gao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Yi Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
- School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
| | - Jian Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Jian Lv
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Jianfeng Ping
- Laboratory of Agricultural Information Intelligent Sensing, School of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Yibin Ying
- Laboratory of Agricultural Information Intelligent Sensing, School of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Pooi See Lee
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
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10
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Li Z, Zhou J, Dong T, Xu Y, Shang Y. Application of electrochemical methods for the detection of abiotic stress biomarkers in plants. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 182:113105. [PMID: 33799023 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Abiotic stress is the main cause of low productivity in plants. Therefore, it is important to detect stress and respond to it in a timely manner to avoid irreversible damage to plant productivity and health. The application of traditional methods in agriculture is limited by expensive equipment and cumbersome sample processing. More effective detection methods are urgently needed due to the trace amounts and low stabilities of plant biomarkers. Electrochemical detection methods have the unique advantages of high accuracy, a low detection limit, fast response and easy integration with systems. In this review, the application of three types of electrochemical methods to phytohormone assessment is highlighted including direct electrochemical, immunoelectrochemical, and photoelectrochemical methods. Research on electrochemical methods for detecting abiotic stress biomarkers, including various phytohormones, is also summarized with examples. To date, the detection limit of exogenous plant hormones can reach pg/mL or even lower. Nevertheless, more efforts need to be made to develop a portable instrument for in situ online detection if electrochemical sensors are to be applied to the detection of the endogenous hormones or the physiological state of plants. Additionally, plant-wearable sensors that can be directly attached to or implanted into plants for continuous, noninvasive and real-time monitoring are emphasized. Finally, rational summaries of the considered methods and present challenges and future prospects in the field of abiotic stress detection-based electrochemical biosensors are thoroughly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhilei Li
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumchi, 830047, China; Engineering Training Center of Xinjiang University, Urumchi, 830047, China
| | - Jianping Zhou
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumchi, 830047, China.
| | - Tao Dong
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumchi, 830047, China; Department of Microsystems (IMS), Faculty of Technology, Natural Sciences and Maritime Sciences, University of South-Eastern Norway, Postboks 235, 3603, Kongsberg, Norway.
| | - Yan Xu
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumchi, 830047, China
| | - Yukui Shang
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumchi, 830047, China
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11
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Janni M, Coppede N, Bettelli M, Briglia N, Petrozza A, Summerer S, Vurro F, Danzi D, Cellini F, Marmiroli N, Pignone D, Iannotta S, Zappettini A. In Vivo Phenotyping for the Early Detection of Drought Stress in Tomato. PLANT PHENOMICS (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2019; 2019:6168209. [PMID: 33313533 PMCID: PMC7706337 DOI: 10.34133/2019/6168209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Drought stress imposes a major constraint over a crop yield and can be expected to grow in importance if the climate change predicted comes about. Improved methods are needed to facilitate crop management via the prompt detection of the onset of stress. Here, we report the use of an in vivo OECT (organic electrochemical transistor) sensor, termed as bioristor, in the context of the drought response of the tomato plant. The device was integrated within the plant's stem, thereby allowing for the continuous monitoring of the plant's physiological status throughout its life cycle. Bioristor was able to detect changes of ion concentration in the sap upon drought, in particular, those dissolved and transported through the transpiration stream, thus efficiently detecting the occurrence of drought stress immediately after the priming of the defence responses. The bioristor's acquired data were coupled with those obtained in a high-throughput phenotyping platform revealing the extreme complementarity of these methods to investigate the mechanisms triggered by the plant during the drought stress event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Janni
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Magnetism (IMEM), National Research Council (CNR), Parco Area delle Scienze 37/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
- Institute of Bioscience and Bioresources (IBBR), National Research Council (CNR), Via Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Nicola Coppede
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Magnetism (IMEM), National Research Council (CNR), Parco Area delle Scienze 37/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Manuele Bettelli
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Magnetism (IMEM), National Research Council (CNR), Parco Area delle Scienze 37/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Nunzio Briglia
- Università degli Studi della Basilicata, Dipartimento delle Culture Europee e del Mediterraneo: Architettura, Ambiente, Patrimoni Culturali (DICEM), Via S. Rocco, I-75100 Matera, Italy
| | - Angelo Petrozza
- ALSIA Centro Ricerche Metapontum Agrobios, s.s. Jonica 106 ,km 448, 2, Metaponto, MT 75010, Italy
| | - Stephan Summerer
- ALSIA Centro Ricerche Metapontum Agrobios, s.s. Jonica 106 ,km 448, 2, Metaponto, MT 75010, Italy
| | - Filippo Vurro
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Magnetism (IMEM), National Research Council (CNR), Parco Area delle Scienze 37/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Donatella Danzi
- Institute of Bioscience and Bioresources (IBBR), National Research Council (CNR), Via Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Cellini
- ALSIA Centro Ricerche Metapontum Agrobios, s.s. Jonica 106 ,km 448, 2, Metaponto, MT 75010, Italy
| | - Nelson Marmiroli
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 11/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Domenico Pignone
- Institute of Bioscience and Bioresources (IBBR), National Research Council (CNR), Via Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Salvatore Iannotta
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Magnetism (IMEM), National Research Council (CNR), Parco Area delle Scienze 37/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Andrea Zappettini
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Magnetism (IMEM), National Research Council (CNR), Parco Area delle Scienze 37/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
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