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Ghezzi B, Matera B, Meglioli M, Rossi F, Duraccio D, Faga MG, Zappettini A, Macaluso GM, Lumetti S. Composite PCL Scaffold With 70% β-TCP as Suitable Structure for Bone Replacement. Int Dent J 2024:S0020-6539(24)00067-4. [PMID: 38614878 DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2024.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this work was to optimise printable polycaprolactone (PCL)/β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) biomaterials with high percentages of β-TCP endowed with balanced mechanical characteristics to resemble human cancellous bone, presumably improving osteogenesis. METHODS PCL/β-TCP scaffolds were obtained from customised filaments for fused deposition modelling (FDM) 3D printing with increasing amounts of β-TCP. Samples mechanical features, surface topography and wettability were evaluated as well as cytocompatibility assays, cell adhesion and differentiation. RESULTS The parameters of the newly fabricated materila were optimal for PCL/β-TCP scaffold fabrication. Composite surfaces showed higher hydrophilicity compared with the controls, and their surface roughness sharply was higher, possibly due to the presence of β-TCP. The Young's modulus of the composites was significantly higher than that of pristine PCL, indicating that the intrinsic strength of β-TCP is beneficial for enhancing the elastic modulus of the composite biomaterials. All novel composite biomaterials supported greater cellular growth and stronger osteoblastic differentiation compared with the PCL control. CONCLUSIONS This project highlights the possibility to fabricat, through an FDM solvent-free approach, PCL/β-TCP scaffolds of up to 70 % concentrations of β-TCP. overcoming the current lmit of 60 % stated in the literature. The combination of 3D printing and customised biomaterials allowed production of highly personalised scaffolds with optimal mechanical and biological features resembling the natural structure and the composition of bone. This underlines the promise of such structures for innovative approaches for bone and periodontal regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedetta Ghezzi
- Centro Universitario di Odontoiatria, Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Parma, Parma, Italy; Istituto dei Materiali per l'Elettronica ed il Magnetismo, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Parma, Italy
| | - Biagio Matera
- Centro Universitario di Odontoiatria, Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Matteo Meglioli
- Centro Universitario di Odontoiatria, Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Parma, Parma, Italy.
| | - Francesca Rossi
- Istituto dei Materiali per l'Elettronica ed il Magnetismo, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Parma, Italy
| | - Donatella Duraccio
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie per l'Energia e la Mobilità Sostenibili, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Torino, Italy
| | - Maria Giulia Faga
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie per l'Energia e la Mobilità Sostenibili, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Torino, Italy
| | - Andrea Zappettini
- Istituto dei Materiali per l'Elettronica ed il Magnetismo, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Parma, Italy
| | - Guido Maria Macaluso
- Centro Universitario di Odontoiatria, Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Parma, Parma, Italy; Istituto dei Materiali per l'Elettronica ed il Magnetismo, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Parma, Italy
| | - Simone Lumetti
- Centro Universitario di Odontoiatria, Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Parma, Parma, Italy; Istituto dei Materiali per l'Elettronica ed il Magnetismo, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Parma, Italy
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Pavlicevic M, Pagano L, Villani M, Zappettini A, Paesano L, Bonas U, Marmiroli N, Marmiroli M. Comparison of effect of CdS QD and ZnS QD and their corresponding salts on growth, chlorophyll content and antioxidative capacity of tomato. Int J Phytoremediation 2023; 26:850-861. [PMID: 37886884 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2023.2270692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
When applied in the same concentration to tomato plants, cadmium sulfate (CdSO4) and zinc sulfate (ZnSO4) were transported from soil to roots and from roots to shoots more readily than their nano counterparts: cadmium sulfide quantum dots (CdS QD) and zinc sulfide quantum dots (ZnS QD). Compared to the CdS QD, he higher rate of transport of CdSO4 resulted in a greater negative effect on growth, chlorophyll content, antioxidant properties, lipid peroxidation and activation of antioxidant defence systems. Although ZnSO4 was transported more rapidly than ZnS QD, the overall effect of Zn addition was positive (increase in total plant mass, stem length, antioxidant content and decrease in lipid peroxidation). However, these effects were more pronounced in the case of ZnS QD, suggesting that the mechanisms underpinning the activity of ZnS QD and ZnSO4 were different. Thus, the risk of phytotoxicity and food chain transfer of the two elements depended on their form (salt or nanoform), and consequently their effects on plants' growth and physiology were different.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milica Pavlicevic
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Italy
| | - Luca Pagano
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Italy
| | | | | | - Laura Paesano
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Italy
| | - Urbana Bonas
- National Interuniversity Consortium for Environmental Sciences (CINSA), Parma, Italy
| | - Nelson Marmiroli
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Italy
- National Interuniversity Consortium for Environmental Sciences (CINSA), Parma, Italy
- Interdepartmental Center SITEIA.PARMA, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Marta Marmiroli
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Italy
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Bettelli M, Zanettini S, Abbene L, Casoli F, Nasi L, Trevisi G, Principato F, Buttacavoli A, Zappettini A. High performance platinum contacts on high-flux CdZnTe detectors. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17963. [PMID: 37864099 PMCID: PMC10589347 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45331-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The need for direct X-ray detection under high photon flux with moderate or high energies (30-100 keV range) has strongly increased with the rise of the 4th Generation Synchrotron Light Sources, characterised by extremely brilliant beamlines, and of other applications such as spectral computed tomography in medicine and non-destructive tests for industry. The novel Cadmium Zinc Telluride (CZT) developed by Redlen Technologies can be considered the reference material for high-flux applications (HF-CZT). The enhanced charge transport properties of the holes allow the mitigation of the effects of radiation induced polarization phenomena, typically observed in standard CZT materials (LF-CZT) under high photon flux. However, standard LF-CZT electrical contacts led to inacceptable high dark leakage currents on HF-CZT devices. In this work, a detailed study on the characteristics of new optimized sputtered platinum electrical contacts on HF-CZT detectors is reported. The results from electrical and spectroscopic investigations, showed the best performances on HF-CZT detectors with platinum anode, coupled with both platinum or gold cathode. The morphology, structure, and composition of Pt/CZT contact have been analysed by means of Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) on microscopic lamellas obtained by Focused Ion Beam (FIB), highlighting the presence of CdTeO3 oxide at the metal semiconductor interface.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Leonardo Abbene
- Department of Physics and Chemistry (DiFC) - Emilio Segrè, University of Palermo, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Fabio Principato
- Department of Physics and Chemistry (DiFC) - Emilio Segrè, University of Palermo, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonino Buttacavoli
- Department of Physics and Chemistry (DiFC) - Emilio Segrè, University of Palermo, 90128, Palermo, Italy
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Abbene L, Buttacavoli A, Principato F, Gerardi G, Bettelli M, Zappettini A, Bazzi M, Bragadireanu M, Cargnelli M, Carminati M, Clozza A, Deda G, Del Grande R, De Paolis L, Fabbietti L, Fiorini C, Guaraldo C, Iliescu M, Iwasaki M, Khreptak A, Manti S, Marton J, Miliucci M, Moskal P, Napolitano F, Niedźwiecki S, Ohnishi H, Piscicchia K, Sada Y, Sgaramella F, Shi H, Silarski M, Sirghi DL, Sirghi F, Skurzok M, Spallone A, Toho K, Tüchler M, Doce OV, Yoshida C, Zmeskal J, Scordo A, Curceanu C. Potentialities of CdZnTe Quasi-Hemispherical Detectors for Hard X-ray Spectroscopy of Kaonic Atoms at the DAΦNE Collider. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:7328. [PMID: 37687783 PMCID: PMC10490229 DOI: 10.3390/s23177328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Kaonic atom X-ray spectroscopy is a consolidated technique for investigations on the physics of strong kaon-nucleus/nucleon interaction. Several experiments have been conducted regarding the measurement of soft X-ray emission (<20 keV) from light kaonic atoms (hydrogen, deuterium, and helium). Currently, there have been new research activities within the framework of the SIDDHARTA-2 experiment and EXCALIBUR proposal focusing on performing precise and accurate measurements of hard X-rays (>20 keV) from intermediate kaonic atoms (carbon, aluminum, and sulfur). In this context, we investigated cadmium-zinc-telluride (CdZnTe or CZT) detectors, which have recently demonstrated high-resolution capabilities for hard X-ray and gamma-ray detection. A demonstrator prototype based on a new cadmium-zinc-telluride quasi-hemispherical detector and custom digital pulse processing electronics was developed. The detector covered a detection area of 1 cm2 with a single readout channel and interesting room-temperature performance with energy resolution of 4.4% (2.6 keV), 3% (3.7 keV), and 1.4% (9.3 keV) FWHM at 59.5, 122.1, and 662 keV, respectively. The results from X-ray measurements at the DAΦNE collider at the INFN National Laboratories of Frascati (Italy) are also presented with particular attention to the effects and rejection of electromagnetic and hadronic background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Abbene
- Department of Physics and Chemistry (DiFC)—Emilio Segrè, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 18, 90128 Palermo, Italy
- Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, INFN, Via E. Fermi 54, 00044 Frascati, Italy (C.C.)
| | - Antonino Buttacavoli
- Department of Physics and Chemistry (DiFC)—Emilio Segrè, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 18, 90128 Palermo, Italy
- Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, INFN, Via E. Fermi 54, 00044 Frascati, Italy (C.C.)
| | - Fabio Principato
- Department of Physics and Chemistry (DiFC)—Emilio Segrè, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 18, 90128 Palermo, Italy
- Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, INFN, Via E. Fermi 54, 00044 Frascati, Italy (C.C.)
| | - Gaetano Gerardi
- Department of Physics and Chemistry (DiFC)—Emilio Segrè, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 18, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Manuele Bettelli
- Istituto Materiali per l’Elettronica e il Magnetismo, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IMEM/CNR), Parco Area delle Scienze 37/A, 43100 Parma, Italy
| | - Andrea Zappettini
- Istituto Materiali per l’Elettronica e il Magnetismo, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IMEM/CNR), Parco Area delle Scienze 37/A, 43100 Parma, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Bazzi
- Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, INFN, Via E. Fermi 54, 00044 Frascati, Italy (C.C.)
| | - Mario Bragadireanu
- Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Str. Atomistilor No. 407, 077125 Măgurele, Romania
| | | | - Marco Carminati
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Sezione di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Alberto Clozza
- Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, INFN, Via E. Fermi 54, 00044 Frascati, Italy (C.C.)
| | - Griseld Deda
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Sezione di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Raffaele Del Grande
- Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, INFN, Via E. Fermi 54, 00044 Frascati, Italy (C.C.)
- Physik Department E62, Technische Universität Münnchen, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Luca De Paolis
- Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, INFN, Via E. Fermi 54, 00044 Frascati, Italy (C.C.)
| | - Laura Fabbietti
- Physik Department E62, Technische Universität Münnchen, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Carlo Fiorini
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Sezione di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Carlo Guaraldo
- Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, INFN, Via E. Fermi 54, 00044 Frascati, Italy (C.C.)
| | - Mihail Iliescu
- Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, INFN, Via E. Fermi 54, 00044 Frascati, Italy (C.C.)
| | - Misahiko Iwasaki
- Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN), Wako, Tokyo 351-0198, Japan
| | - Aleksander Khreptak
- Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, INFN, Via E. Fermi 54, 00044 Frascati, Italy (C.C.)
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Simone Manti
- Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, INFN, Via E. Fermi 54, 00044 Frascati, Italy (C.C.)
| | - Johann Marton
- Stefan-Meyer-Institut für Subatomare Physik, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Marco Miliucci
- Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, INFN, Via E. Fermi 54, 00044 Frascati, Italy (C.C.)
| | - Pawel Moskal
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Krakow, Poland
- Center for Theranostics, Jagiellonian University, Kopernika 40, 31-501 Krakow, Poland
| | - Fabrizio Napolitano
- Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, INFN, Via E. Fermi 54, 00044 Frascati, Italy (C.C.)
| | - Szymon Niedźwiecki
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Krakow, Poland
- Center for Theranostics, Jagiellonian University, Kopernika 40, 31-501 Krakow, Poland
| | - Hiroaky Ohnishi
- Research Center for Electron Photon Science (ELPH), Tohoku University, Sendai 982-0826, Japan
| | - Kristian Piscicchia
- Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, INFN, Via E. Fermi 54, 00044 Frascati, Italy (C.C.)
- Centro Ricerche Enrico Fermi—Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro Studi e Ricerche “Enrico Fermi”, 00184 Roma, Italy
| | - Yuta Sada
- Research Center for Electron Photon Science (ELPH), Tohoku University, Sendai 982-0826, Japan
| | - Francesco Sgaramella
- Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, INFN, Via E. Fermi 54, 00044 Frascati, Italy (C.C.)
| | - Hexi Shi
- Stefan-Meyer-Institut für Subatomare Physik, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michalł Silarski
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Diana Laura Sirghi
- Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, INFN, Via E. Fermi 54, 00044 Frascati, Italy (C.C.)
- Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Str. Atomistilor No. 407, 077125 Măgurele, Romania
- Centro Ricerche Enrico Fermi—Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro Studi e Ricerche “Enrico Fermi”, 00184 Roma, Italy
| | - Florin Sirghi
- Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, INFN, Via E. Fermi 54, 00044 Frascati, Italy (C.C.)
- Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Str. Atomistilor No. 407, 077125 Măgurele, Romania
| | - Magdalena Skurzok
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Krakow, Poland
- Center for Theranostics, Jagiellonian University, Kopernika 40, 31-501 Krakow, Poland
| | - Antonio Spallone
- Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, INFN, Via E. Fermi 54, 00044 Frascati, Italy (C.C.)
| | - Kairo Toho
- Research Center for Electron Photon Science (ELPH), Tohoku University, Sendai 982-0826, Japan
| | - Marlene Tüchler
- Stefan-Meyer-Institut für Subatomare Physik, 1030 Vienna, Austria
- Vienna Doctoral School in Physics, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Oton Vazquez Doce
- Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, INFN, Via E. Fermi 54, 00044 Frascati, Italy (C.C.)
| | - Chihiro Yoshida
- Research Center for Electron Photon Science (ELPH), Tohoku University, Sendai 982-0826, Japan
| | - Johannes Zmeskal
- Stefan-Meyer-Institut für Subatomare Physik, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alessandro Scordo
- Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, INFN, Via E. Fermi 54, 00044 Frascati, Italy (C.C.)
| | - Catalina Curceanu
- Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, INFN, Via E. Fermi 54, 00044 Frascati, Italy (C.C.)
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Principato F, Bettelli M, Zappettini A, Abbene L. A Novel Extraction Procedure of Contact Characteristic Parameters from Current-Voltage Curves in CdZnTe and CdTe Detectors. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:6075. [PMID: 37447923 DOI: 10.3390/s23136075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
The estimation of the characteristic parameters of the electrical contacts in CdZnTe and CdTe detectors is related to the identification of the main transport mechanisms dominating the currents. These investigations are typically approached by modelling the current-voltage (I-V) curves with the interfacial layer-thermionic-diffusion (ITD) theory, which incorporates the thermionic emission, diffusion and interfacial layer theories into a single theory. The implementation of the ITD model in measured I-V curves is a critical procedure, requiring dedicated simplifications, several best fitting parameters and the identification of the voltage range where each transport mechanism dominates. In this work, we will present a novel method allowing through a simple procedure the estimation of some characteristic parameters of the metal-semiconductor interface in CdZnTe and CdTe detectors. The barrier height and the effects of the interfacial layer will be evaluated through the application of a new function related to the differentiation of the experimental I-V curves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Principato
- Department of Physics and Chemistry (DiFC)-Emilio Segrè, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 18, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | | | | | - Leonardo Abbene
- Department of Physics and Chemistry (DiFC)-Emilio Segrè, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 18, 90128 Palermo, Italy
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Marmiroli M, Birarda G, Gallo V, Villani M, Zappettini A, Vaccari L, Marmiroli N, Pagano L. Cadmium Sulfide Quantum Dots, Mitochondrial Function and Environmental Stress: A Mechanistic Reconstruction through In Vivo Cellular Approaches in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2023; 13:1944. [PMID: 37446460 DOI: 10.3390/nano13131944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Research on the effects of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) on mitochondria, which represent one of the main actors in cell function, highlighted effects on ROS production, gametogenesis and organellar genome replication. Specifically, the mitochondrial effects of cadmium sulfide quantum dots (CdS QDs) exposure can be observed through the variation in enzymatic kinetics at the level of the respiratory chain and also by analyzing modifications of reagent and products in term of the bonds created and disrupted during the reactions through Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). This study investigated both in intact cells and in isolated mitochondria to observe the response to CdS QDs treatment at the level of electron transport chain in the wild-type yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and in the deletion mutant Δtom5, whose function is implicated in nucleo-mitochondrial protein trafficking. The changes observed in wild type and Δtom5 strains in terms of an increase or decrease in enzymatic activity (ranging between 1 and 2 folds) also differed according to the genetic background of the strains and the respiratory chain functionality during the CdS QDs treatment performed. Results were confirmed by FTIR, where a clear difference between the QD effects in the wild type and in the mutant strain, Δtom5, was observed. The utilization of these genetic and biochemical approaches is instrumental to clarify the mitochondrial mechanisms implicated in response to these types of ENMs and to the stress response that follows the exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Marmiroli
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Giovanni Birarda
- Elettra, Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14-km 163.5 in AREA Science Park, Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Valentina Gallo
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Marco Villani
- Istituto dei Materiali per l'Elettronica e il Magnetismo, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IMEM-CNR), 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Andrea Zappettini
- Istituto dei Materiali per l'Elettronica e il Magnetismo, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IMEM-CNR), 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Lisa Vaccari
- Elettra, Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14-km 163.5 in AREA Science Park, Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Nelson Marmiroli
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per le Scienze Ambientali (CINSA), University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Luca Pagano
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per le Scienze Ambientali (CINSA), University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
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Buttacavoli A, Principato F, Gerardi G, Cascio D, Raso G, Bettelli M, Zappettini A, Taormina V, Abbene L. Window-Based Energy Selecting X-ray Imaging and Charge Sharing in Cadmium Zinc Telluride Linear Array Detectors for Contaminant Detection. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:3196. [PMID: 36991907 PMCID: PMC10054609 DOI: 10.3390/s23063196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The spectroscopic and imaging performance of energy-resolved photon counting detectors, based on new sub-millimetre boron oxide encapsulated vertical Bridgman cadmium zinc telluride linear arrays, are presented in this work. The activities are in the framework of the AVATAR X project, planning the development of X-ray scanners for contaminant detection in food industry. The detectors, characterized by high spatial (250 µm) and energy (<3 keV) resolution, allow spectral X-ray imaging with interesting image quality improvements. The effects of charge sharing and energy-resolved techniques on contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) enhancements are investigated. The benefits of a new energy-resolved X-ray imaging approach, termed window-based energy selecting, in the detection of low- and high-density contaminants are also shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Buttacavoli
- Department of Physics and Chemistry (DiFC)—Emilio Segrè, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (A.B.)
| | - Fabio Principato
- Department of Physics and Chemistry (DiFC)—Emilio Segrè, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (A.B.)
| | - Gaetano Gerardi
- Department of Physics and Chemistry (DiFC)—Emilio Segrè, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (A.B.)
| | - Donato Cascio
- Department of Physics and Chemistry (DiFC)—Emilio Segrè, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (A.B.)
| | - Giuseppe Raso
- Department of Physics and Chemistry (DiFC)—Emilio Segrè, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (A.B.)
| | | | | | - Vincenzo Taormina
- Department of Mathematics and Informatics, University of Palermo, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Leonardo Abbene
- Department of Physics and Chemistry (DiFC)—Emilio Segrè, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (A.B.)
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Manfredi R, Vurro F, Janni M, Bettelli M, Gentile F, Zappettini A, Coppedè N. Long-Term Stability in Electronic Properties of Textile Organic Electrochemical Transistors for Integrated Applications. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:1861. [PMID: 36902979 PMCID: PMC10003982 DOI: 10.3390/ma16051861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) have demonstrated themselves to be an efficient interface between living environments and electronic devices in bioelectronic applications. The peculiar properties of conductive polymers allow new performances that overcome the limits of conventional inorganic biosensors, exploiting the high biocompatibility coupled to the ionic interaction. Moreover, the combination with biocompatible and flexible substrates, such as textile fibers, improves the interaction with living cells and allows specific new applications in the biological environment, including real-time analysis of plants' sap or human sweat monitoring. In these applications, a crucial issue is the lifetime of the sensor device. The durability, long-term stability, and sensitivity of OECTs were studied for two different textile functionalized fiber preparation processes: (i) adding ethylene glycol to the polymer solution, and (ii) using sulfuric acid as a post-treatment. Performance degradation was studied by analyzing the main electronic parameters of a significant number of sensors for a period of 30 days. RGB optical analysis were performed before and after the treatment of the devices. This study shows that device degradation occurs at voltages higher than 0.5 V. The sensors obtained with the sulfuric acid approach exhibit the most stable performances over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Manfredi
- IMEM-CNR Institute of Materials for Electronics and Magnetism, Italian National Research Council, Parco Area delle Scienze, 37/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Filippo Vurro
- IMEM-CNR Institute of Materials for Electronics and Magnetism, Italian National Research Council, Parco Area delle Scienze, 37/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Michela Janni
- IMEM-CNR Institute of Materials for Electronics and Magnetism, Italian National Research Council, Parco Area delle Scienze, 37/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Manuele Bettelli
- IMEM-CNR Institute of Materials for Electronics and Magnetism, Italian National Research Council, Parco Area delle Scienze, 37/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Francesco Gentile
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Andrea Zappettini
- IMEM-CNR Institute of Materials for Electronics and Magnetism, Italian National Research Council, Parco Area delle Scienze, 37/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Nicola Coppedè
- IMEM-CNR Institute of Materials for Electronics and Magnetism, Italian National Research Council, Parco Area delle Scienze, 37/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
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9
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Mele F, Quercia J, Abbene L, Benassi G, Bettelli M, Buttacavoli A, Principato F, Zappettini A, Bertuccio G. Advances in High-Energy-Resolution CdZnTe Linear Array Pixel Detectors with Fast and Low Noise Readout Electronics. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:2167. [PMID: 36850765 PMCID: PMC9960822 DOI: 10.3390/s23042167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Radiation detectors based on Cadmium Zinc Telluride (CZT) compounds are becoming popular solutions thanks to their high detection efficiency, room temperature operation, and to their reliability in compact detection systems for medical, astrophysical, or industrial applications. However, despite a huge effort to improve the technological process, CZT detectors' full potential has not been completely exploited when both high spatial and energy resolution are required by the application, especially at low energies (<10 keV), limiting their application in energy-resolved photon counting (ERPC) systems. This gap can also be attributed to the lack of dedicated front-end electronics which can bring out the best in terms of detector spectroscopic performances. In this work, we present the latest results achieved in terms of energy resolution using SIRIO, a fast low-noise charge sensitive amplifier, and a linear-array pixel detector, based on boron oxide encapsulated vertical Bridgman-grown B-VB CZT crystals. The detector features a 0.25-mm pitch, a 1-mm thickness and is operated at a -700-V bias voltage. An equivalent noise charge of 39.2 el. r.m.s. (corresponding to 412 eV FWHM) was measured on the test pulser at 32 ns peaking time, leading to a raw resolution of 1.3% (782 eV FWHM) on the 59 keV line at room temperature (+20 °C) using an uncollimated 241Am, largely improving the current state of the art for CZT-based detection systems at such short peaking times, and achieving an optimum resolution of 0.97% (576 eV FWHM) at 1 µs peaking time. The measured energy resolution at the 122 keV line and with 1 µs peaking time of a 57Co raw uncollimated spectrum is 0.96% (1.17 keV). These activities are in the framework of an Italian collaboration on the development of energy-resolved X-ray scanners for material recycling, medical applications, and non-destructive testing in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Mele
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering (DEIB), Politecnico di Milano, Via Anzani 42, 22100 Como, Italy
- National Institute of Nuclear Physics (INFN), Sezione di Milano, Via Celoria 16, 22133 Milan, Italy
| | - Jacopo Quercia
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering (DEIB), Politecnico di Milano, Via Anzani 42, 22100 Como, Italy
| | - Leonardo Abbene
- Department of Physics and Chemistry (DiFC)—Emilio Segrè, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 18, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giacomo Benassi
- Due2lab s.r.l., Via Paolo Borsellino 2, 42019 Scandiano, Italy
| | | | - Antonino Buttacavoli
- Department of Physics and Chemistry (DiFC)—Emilio Segrè, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 18, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Fabio Principato
- Department of Physics and Chemistry (DiFC)—Emilio Segrè, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 18, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Bertuccio
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering (DEIB), Politecnico di Milano, Via Anzani 42, 22100 Como, Italy
- National Institute of Nuclear Physics (INFN), Sezione di Milano, Via Celoria 16, 22133 Milan, Italy
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10
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Gallo V, Serianni VM, Imperiale D, Zappettini A, Villani M, Marmiroli M, Marmiroli N. Protein Analysis of A. halleri and N. caerulescens Hyperaccumulators When Exposed to Nano and Ionic Forms of Cd and Zn. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2022; 12:4236. [PMID: 36500857 PMCID: PMC9736429 DOI: 10.3390/nano12234236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Hyperaccumulator plant species growing on metal-rich soils can accumulate high quantity of metals and metalloids in aerial tissues, and several proteomic studies on the molecular mechanisms at the basis of metals resistance and hyperaccumulation have been published. Hyperaccumulator are also at the basis of the phytoremediation strategy to remove metals more efficiently from polluted soils or water. Arabidopsis halleri and Noccea caerulescens are both hyperaccumulators of metals and nano-metals. In this study, the change in some proteins in A. halleri and N. caerulescens was assessed after the growth in soil with cadmium and zinc, provided as sulphate salts (CdSO4 and ZnSO4) or sulfide quantum dots (CdS QDs and ZnS QDs). The protein extracts obtained from plants after 30 days of growth were analyzed by 2D-gel electrophoresis (2D SDS-PAGE) and identified by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry. A bioinformatics analysis was carried out on quantitative protein differences between control and treated plants. In total, 43 proteins resulted in being significatively modulated in A. halleri, while 61 resulted in being modulated in N. caerulescens. Although these two plants are hyperaccumulator of both metals and nano-metals, at protein levels the mechanisms involved do not proceed in the same way, but at the end bring a similar physiological result.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Gallo
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Valentina M. Serianni
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Davide Imperiale
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
- Experimental Station for the Food Preservation Industry—Research Foundation, 43121 Parma, Italy
| | - Andrea Zappettini
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Magnetism (IMEM), National Research Council (CNR), 06128 Parma, Italy
| | - Marco Villani
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Magnetism (IMEM), National Research Council (CNR), 06128 Parma, Italy
| | - Marta Marmiroli
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Nelson Marmiroli
- The Italian National Interuniversity Consortium for Environmental Sciences (CINSA), 43124 Parma, Italy
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11
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Imperiale D, Lencioni G, Marmiroli M, Paesano L, Zappettini A, White JC, Marmiroli N. Data on the interaction of hyperaccumulating plants with nanoscale metals Zn and Cd. Data Brief 2022; 42:108171. [PMID: 35496479 PMCID: PMC9046612 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2022.108171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Davide Imperiale
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Experimental Station for the Food Preservation Industry – Research Foundation, Parma, Italy
| | - Giacomo Lencioni
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Marta Marmiroli
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Laura Paesano
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Andrea Zappettini
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Magnetism (IMEM), National Research Council (CNR), Parma, Italy
| | - Jason C. White
- The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Nelson Marmiroli
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- National Interuniversity Consortium for Environmental Sciences (CINSA), Parma, Italy
- Corresponding author. @ConsorzioCinsa
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12
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Buttacavoli A, Principato F, Gerardi G, Bettelli M, Zappettini A, Seller P, Veale MC, Zanettini S, Abbene L. Ballistic Deficit Pulse Processing in Cadmium-Zinc-Telluride Pixel Detectors for High-Flux X-ray Measurements. Sensors (Basel) 2022; 22:s22093409. [PMID: 35591099 PMCID: PMC9103549 DOI: 10.3390/s22093409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
High-flux X-ray measurements with high-energy resolution and high throughput require the mitigation of pile-up and dead time effects. The reduction of the time width of the shaped pulses is a key approach, taking into account the distortions from the ballistic deficit, non-linearity, and time instabilities. In this work, we will present the performance of cadmium−zinc−telluride (CdZnTe or CZT) pixel detectors equipped with digital shapers faster than the preamplifier peaking times (ballistic deficit pulse processing). The effects on energy resolution, throughput, energy-linearity, time stability, charge sharing, and pile-up are shown. The results highlight the absence of time instabilities and high-energy resolution (<4% FWHM at 122 keV) when ballistic deficit pulse processing (dead time of 90 ns) was used in CZT pixel detectors. These activities are in the framework of an international collaboration on the development of spectroscopic imagers for medical applications (mammography, computed tomography) and non-destructive testing in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Buttacavoli
- Department of Physics and Chemistry (DiFC)—Emilio Segrè, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 18, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (A.B.); (F.P.); (G.G.)
| | - Fabio Principato
- Department of Physics and Chemistry (DiFC)—Emilio Segrè, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 18, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (A.B.); (F.P.); (G.G.)
| | - Gaetano Gerardi
- Department of Physics and Chemistry (DiFC)—Emilio Segrè, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 18, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (A.B.); (F.P.); (G.G.)
| | - Manuele Bettelli
- IMEM/CNR, Parco Area delle Scienze 37/A, 43100 Parma, Italy; (M.B.); (A.Z.)
| | - Andrea Zappettini
- IMEM/CNR, Parco Area delle Scienze 37/A, 43100 Parma, Italy; (M.B.); (A.Z.)
| | - Paul Seller
- UKRI Science & Technology Facilities Council, Didcot OX11 0QX, UK; (P.S.); (M.C.V.)
| | - Matthew C. Veale
- UKRI Science & Technology Facilities Council, Didcot OX11 0QX, UK; (P.S.); (M.C.V.)
| | | | - Leonardo Abbene
- Department of Physics and Chemistry (DiFC)—Emilio Segrè, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 18, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (A.B.); (F.P.); (G.G.)
- Correspondence:
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13
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Imperiale D, Lencioni G, Marmiroli M, Zappettini A, White JC, Marmiroli N. Interaction of hyperaccumulating plants with Zn and Cd nanoparticles. Sci Total Environ 2022; 817:152741. [PMID: 34990684 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Metal hyperaccumulating plant species are an interesting example of natural selection and environmental adaptation but they may also be useful to developing new technologies of environmental monitoring and remediation. Noccaea caerulescens and Arabidopsis halleri are both Brassicaceae and are known metal hyperaccumulators. This study evaluated tolerance, uptake and translocation of zinc sulfide quantum dots by N. cearulescens and cadmium sulfide quantum dots by A. halleri in direct comparison with the non-hyperaccumulator, genetically similar T. perfoliatum and A. thaliana. Growth media were supplied with two different concentrations of metal in either salt (ZnSO4 and CdSO4) or nanoscale form (ZnS QDs and CdS QDs). After 30 days of exposure, the concentration of metals in the soil, roots and leaves was determined. Uptake and localization of the metal in both nanoscale and non-nanoscale form inside plant tissues was investigated by Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy (ESEM) equipped with an X-ray probe. Specifically, the hyperaccumulators in comparison with the non-hyperaccumulators accumulate ionic and nanoscale Zn and Cd in the aerial parts with a BCF ratio of 45.9 for Zn ion, 49.6 for nanoscale Zn, 2.64 for Cd ion and 2.54 for nanoscale Cd. Results obtained with a differential extraction analytical procedure also showed that a significant fraction of nanoscale metals remained inside the plants in a form compatible with the retention of at least a partial initial structure. The molecular consequences of the hyperaccumulation of nanoscale materials are discussed considering data obtained with hyperaccumulation of ionic metal. This is the first report of conventional hyperaccumulating plants demonstrating an ability to hyperaccumulate also engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) and suggests a potential novel strategy for not only understanding plant-nanomaterial interactions but also for potential biomonitoring in the environment to avoid their entering into the food chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Imperiale
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy; National Interuniversity Consortium for Environmental Sciences (CINSA), Parma, Italy; Interdepartmental Center Siteia Parma, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Giacomo Lencioni
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Marta Marmiroli
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Andrea Zappettini
- IMEM-CNR Istituto dei Materiali per l'Elettronica ed il Magnetismo, Parma, Italy
| | - Jason C White
- The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Nelson Marmiroli
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy; National Interuniversity Consortium for Environmental Sciences (CINSA), Parma, Italy.
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14
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Pagano L, Marmiroli M, Villani M, Magnani J, Rossi R, Zappettini A, White JC, Marmiroli N. Engineered Nanomaterial Exposure Affects Organelle Genetic Material Replication in Arabidopsis thaliana. ACS Nano 2022; 16:2249-2260. [PMID: 35048688 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c08367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria and chloroplasts not only are cellular energy sources but also have important regulatory and developmental roles in cell function. CeO2, FeOx ENMs, ZnS, CdS QDs, and relative metal salts were utilized in Murashige-Skoog (MS) synthetic growth medium at different concentrations (80-500 mg L-1) and times of exposures (0-20 days). Analysis of physiological and molecular response of A. thaliana chloroplasts and mitochondrion demonstrates that ENMs increase or decrease functionality and organelle genome replication. Exposure to nanoscale CeO2 and FeOx causes an 81-105% increase in biomass, whereas ZnS and CdS QDs yielded neutral or a 59% decrease in growth, respectively. Differential effects between ENMs and their corresponding metal salts highlight nanoscale-specific response pathways, which include energy production and oxidative stress response. Differences may be ascribed to ENM and the metal salt dissolution rate and the toxicity of the metal ion, which suggests eventual biotransformation processes occurring within the plant. With regard to specific effects on plastid (pt) and mitochondrial (mt) DNA, CdS QD exposure triggered potential variations at the substoichiometric level in the two organellar genomes, while nanoscale FeOx and ZnS QDs caused a 1- to 3-fold increase in ptDNA and mtDNA copy numbers. Nanoparticle CeO2 exposure did not affect ptDNA and mtDNA stoichiometry. These findings suggest that modification in stoichiometry is a potential morpho-functional adaptive response to ENM exposure, triggered by modifications of bioenergetic redox balance, which leads to reducing the photosynthesis or cellular respiration rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Pagano
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Marta Marmiroli
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Marco Villani
- IMEM-CNR, Parco Area Delle Scienze 37/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Jacopo Magnani
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Riccardo Rossi
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | | | - Jason C White
- The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, 123 Huntington Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06504, United States
| | - Nelson Marmiroli
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per le Scienze Ambientali (CINSA), University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
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15
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Abbene L, Principato F, Buttacavoli A, Gerardi G, Bettelli M, Zappettini A, Altieri S, Auricchio N, Caroli E, Zanettini S, Protti N. Potentialities of High-Resolution 3-D CZT Drift Strip Detectors for Prompt Gamma-Ray Measurements in BNCT. Sensors (Basel) 2022; 22:1502. [PMID: 35214414 PMCID: PMC8878856 DOI: 10.3390/s22041502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Recently, new high-resolution cadmium-zinc-telluride (CZT) drift strip detectors for room temperature gamma-ray spectroscopic imaging were developed by our group. The CZT detectors equipped with orthogonal anode/cathode collecting strips, drift strips and dedicated pulse processing allow a detection area of 6 × 20 mm2 and excellent room temperature spectroscopic performance (0.82% FWHM at 661.7 keV). In this work, we investigated the potentialities of these detectors for prompt gamma-ray spectroscopy (PGS) in boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT). The detectors, exploiting the measurement of the 478 keV prompt gamma rays emitted by 94% 7Li nuclides from the 10B(n, α)7Li reaction, are very appealing for the development of single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) systems and Compton cameras in BNCT. High-resolution gamma-ray spectra from 10B samples under thermal neutrons were measured at the T.R.I.G.A. Mark II research nuclear reactor of the University of Pavia (Italy).
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Abbene
- Department of Physics and Chemistry (DiFC)—Emilio Segrè, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 18, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (L.A.); (A.B.); (G.G.)
| | - Fabio Principato
- Department of Physics and Chemistry (DiFC)—Emilio Segrè, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 18, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (L.A.); (A.B.); (G.G.)
| | - Antonino Buttacavoli
- Department of Physics and Chemistry (DiFC)—Emilio Segrè, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 18, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (L.A.); (A.B.); (G.G.)
| | - Gaetano Gerardi
- Department of Physics and Chemistry (DiFC)—Emilio Segrè, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 18, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (L.A.); (A.B.); (G.G.)
| | - Manuele Bettelli
- IMEM/CNR, Parco Area delle Scienze 37/A, 43100 Parma, Italy; (M.B.); (A.Z.)
| | - Andrea Zappettini
- IMEM/CNR, Parco Area delle Scienze 37/A, 43100 Parma, Italy; (M.B.); (A.Z.)
| | - Saverio Altieri
- Department of Physics, University of Pavia and Nuclear Physics National Institute (INFN), Unit of Pavia, Via Agostino Bassi 6, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (S.A.); (N.P.)
| | | | - Ezio Caroli
- INAF/OAS Bologna, 40129 Bologna, Italy; (N.A.); (E.C.)
| | | | - Nicoletta Protti
- Department of Physics, University of Pavia and Nuclear Physics National Institute (INFN), Unit of Pavia, Via Agostino Bassi 6, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (S.A.); (N.P.)
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16
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Buttacavoli A, Principato F, Gerardi G, Cascio D, Raso G, Bettelli M, Zappettini A, Seller P, Veale MC, Abbene L. Incomplete Charge Collection at Inter-Pixel Gap in Low- and High-Flux Cadmium Zinc Telluride Pixel Detectors. Sensors 2022; 22:s22041441. [PMID: 35214342 PMCID: PMC8875842 DOI: 10.3390/s22041441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The success of cadmium zinc telluride (CZT) detectors in room-temperature spectroscopic X-ray imaging is now widely accepted. The most common CZT detectors are characterized by enhanced-charge transport properties of electrons, with mobility-lifetime products μeτe > 10−2 cm2/V and μhτh > 10−5 cm2/V. These materials, typically termed low-flux LF-CZT, are successfully used for thick electron-sensing detectors and in low-flux conditions. Recently, new CZT materials with hole mobility-lifetime product enhancements (μhτh > 10−4 cm2/V and μeτe > 10−3 cm2/V) have been fabricated for high-flux measurements (high-flux HF-CZT detectors). In this work, we will present the performance and charge-sharing properties of sub-millimeter CZT pixel detectors based on LF-CZT and HF-CZT crystals. Experimental results from the measurement of energy spectra after charge-sharing addition (CSA) and from 2D X-ray mapping highlight the better charge-collection properties of HF-CZT detectors near the inter-pixel gaps. The successful mitigation of the effects of incomplete charge collection after CSA was also performed through original charge-sharing correction techniques. These activities exist in the framework of international collaboration on the development of energy-resolved X-ray scanners for medical applications and non-destructive testing in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Buttacavoli
- Department of Physics and Chemistry (DiFC)—Emilio Segrè, University of Palermo, Viale Delle Scienze, Edificio 18, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (A.B.); (F.P.); (G.G.); (D.C.); (G.R.)
| | - Fabio Principato
- Department of Physics and Chemistry (DiFC)—Emilio Segrè, University of Palermo, Viale Delle Scienze, Edificio 18, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (A.B.); (F.P.); (G.G.); (D.C.); (G.R.)
| | - Gaetano Gerardi
- Department of Physics and Chemistry (DiFC)—Emilio Segrè, University of Palermo, Viale Delle Scienze, Edificio 18, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (A.B.); (F.P.); (G.G.); (D.C.); (G.R.)
| | - Donato Cascio
- Department of Physics and Chemistry (DiFC)—Emilio Segrè, University of Palermo, Viale Delle Scienze, Edificio 18, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (A.B.); (F.P.); (G.G.); (D.C.); (G.R.)
| | - Giuseppe Raso
- Department of Physics and Chemistry (DiFC)—Emilio Segrè, University of Palermo, Viale Delle Scienze, Edificio 18, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (A.B.); (F.P.); (G.G.); (D.C.); (G.R.)
| | - Manuele Bettelli
- IMEM/CNR, Parco Area delle Scienze 37/A, 43100 Parma, Italy; (M.B.); (A.Z.)
| | - Andrea Zappettini
- IMEM/CNR, Parco Area delle Scienze 37/A, 43100 Parma, Italy; (M.B.); (A.Z.)
| | - Paul Seller
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, UKRI Science & Technology Facilities Council, Oxon OX11 0QX, UK; (P.S.); (M.C.V.)
| | - Matthew C. Veale
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, UKRI Science & Technology Facilities Council, Oxon OX11 0QX, UK; (P.S.); (M.C.V.)
| | - Leonardo Abbene
- Department of Physics and Chemistry (DiFC)—Emilio Segrè, University of Palermo, Viale Delle Scienze, Edificio 18, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (A.B.); (F.P.); (G.G.); (D.C.); (G.R.)
- Correspondence:
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17
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Michela J, Claudia C, Federico B, Sara P, Filippo V, Nicola C, Manuele B, Davide C, Loreto F, Zappettini A. Real-time monitoring of Arundo donax response to saline stress through the application of in vivo sensing technology. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18598. [PMID: 34545124 PMCID: PMC8452760 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97872-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the main impacts of climate change on agriculture production is the dramatic increase of saline (Na+) content in substrate, that will impair crop performance and productivity. Here we demonstrate how the application of smart technologies such as an in vivo sensor, termed bioristor, allows to continuously monitor in real-time the dynamic changes of ion concentration in the sap of Arundo donax L. (common name giant reed or giant cane), when exposed to a progressive salinity stress. Data collected in vivo by bioristor sensors inserted at two different heights into A. donax stems enabled us to detect the early phases of stress response upon increasing salinity. Indeed, the continuous time-series of data recorded by the bioristor returned a specific signal which correlated with Na+ content in leaves of Na-stressed plants, opening a new perspective for its application as a tool for in vivo plant phenotyping and selection of genotypes more suitable for the exploitation of saline soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janni Michela
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Materials for Electronics and Magnetism (IMEM), National Research Council (CNR), Parco Area delle Scienze 37/A, 43124, Parma, Italy. .,National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Bioscience and Bioresources (IBBR), National Research Council (CNR), Via Amendola 165/A, 70126, Bari, Italy.
| | - Cocozza Claudia
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry (DAGRI), University of Florence, via San Bonaventura 13, 50145, Florence, Italy.
| | - Brilli Federico
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute for the Sustainable Plant Protection (CNR - IPSP), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Pignattelli Sara
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute for the Sustainable Plant Protection (CNR - IPSP), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.,Laboratory of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Nova Gorica, Vipavska cesta 13, 5000, Rožna Dolina, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - Vurro Filippo
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Materials for Electronics and Magnetism (IMEM), National Research Council (CNR), Parco Area delle Scienze 37/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Coppede Nicola
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Materials for Electronics and Magnetism (IMEM), National Research Council (CNR), Parco Area delle Scienze 37/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Bettelli Manuele
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Materials for Electronics and Magnetism (IMEM), National Research Council (CNR), Parco Area delle Scienze 37/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Calestani Davide
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Materials for Electronics and Magnetism (IMEM), National Research Council (CNR), Parco Area delle Scienze 37/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Francesco Loreto
- National Research Council of Italy - Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Sciences, (CNR-DISBA), P. Le Aldo Moro, 00185, Roma, Italy.,Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Zappettini
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Materials for Electronics and Magnetism (IMEM), National Research Council (CNR), Parco Area delle Scienze 37/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
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18
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Buttacavoli A, Gerardi G, Principato F, Mirabello M, Cascio D, Raso G, Bettelli M, Zappettini A, Seller P, Veale MC, Abbene L. Energy Recovery of Multiple Charge Sharing Events in Room Temperature Semiconductor Pixel Detectors. Sensors (Basel) 2021; 21:s21113669. [PMID: 34070426 PMCID: PMC8197486 DOI: 10.3390/s21113669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Multiple coincidence events from charge-sharing and fluorescent cross-talk are typical drawbacks in room-temperature semiconductor pixel detectors. The mitigation of these distortions in the measured energy spectra, using charge-sharing discrimination (CSD) and charge-sharing addition (CSA) techniques, is always a trade-off between counting efficiency and energy resolution. The energy recovery of multiple coincidence events is still challenging due to the presence of charge losses after CSA. In this work, we will present original techniques able to correct charge losses after CSA even when multiple pixels are involved. Sub-millimeter cadmium–zinc–telluride (CdZnTe or CZT) pixel detectors were investigated with both uncollimated radiation sources and collimated synchrotron X rays, at energies below and above the K-shell absorption energy of the CZT material. These activities are in the framework of an international collaboration on the development of energy-resolved photon counting (ERPC) systems for spectroscopic X-ray imaging up to 150 keV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Buttacavoli
- Department of Physics and Chemistry (DiFC)-Emilio Segrè, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 18, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (A.B.); (G.G.); (F.P.); (M.M.); (D.C.); (G.R.)
| | - Gaetano Gerardi
- Department of Physics and Chemistry (DiFC)-Emilio Segrè, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 18, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (A.B.); (G.G.); (F.P.); (M.M.); (D.C.); (G.R.)
| | - Fabio Principato
- Department of Physics and Chemistry (DiFC)-Emilio Segrè, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 18, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (A.B.); (G.G.); (F.P.); (M.M.); (D.C.); (G.R.)
| | - Marcello Mirabello
- Department of Physics and Chemistry (DiFC)-Emilio Segrè, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 18, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (A.B.); (G.G.); (F.P.); (M.M.); (D.C.); (G.R.)
| | - Donato Cascio
- Department of Physics and Chemistry (DiFC)-Emilio Segrè, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 18, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (A.B.); (G.G.); (F.P.); (M.M.); (D.C.); (G.R.)
| | - Giuseppe Raso
- Department of Physics and Chemistry (DiFC)-Emilio Segrè, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 18, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (A.B.); (G.G.); (F.P.); (M.M.); (D.C.); (G.R.)
| | - Manuele Bettelli
- IMEM/CNR, Parco Area delle Scienze 37/A, 43100 Parma, Italy; (M.B.); (A.Z.)
| | - Andrea Zappettini
- IMEM/CNR, Parco Area delle Scienze 37/A, 43100 Parma, Italy; (M.B.); (A.Z.)
| | - Paul Seller
- Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton OX11 0QX, UK; (P.S.); (M.C.V.)
| | - Matthew C. Veale
- Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton OX11 0QX, UK; (P.S.); (M.C.V.)
| | - Leonardo Abbene
- Department of Physics and Chemistry (DiFC)-Emilio Segrè, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 18, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (A.B.); (G.G.); (F.P.); (M.M.); (D.C.); (G.R.)
- Correspondence:
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19
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Tsigaridas S, Zanettini S, Bettelli M, Amadè NS, Calestani D, Ponchut C, Zappettini A. Fabrication of Small-Pixel CdZnTe Sensors and Characterization with X-rays. Sensors (Basel) 2021; 21:s21092932. [PMID: 33922055 PMCID: PMC8122653 DOI: 10.3390/s21092932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Over the past few years, sensors made from high-Z compound semiconductors have attracted quite some attention for use in applications which require the direct detection of X-rays in the energy range 30–100 keV. One of the candidate materials with promising properties is cadmium zinc telluride (CdZnTe). In the context of this article, we have developed pixelated sensors from CdZnTe crystals grown by Boron oxide encapsulated vertical Bridgman technique. We demonstrate the successful fabrication of CdZnTe pixel sensors with a fine pitch of 55 m and thickness of 1 mm and 2 mm. The sensors were bonded on Timepix readout chips to evaluate their response to X-rays provided by conventional sources. Despite the issues related to single-chip fabrication procedure, reasonable uniformity was achieved along with low leakage current values at room temperature. In addition, the sensors show stable performance over time at moderate incoming fluxes, below 106 photons mm−2s−1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stergios Tsigaridas
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), 71 Avenue des Martyrs, F-38043 Grenoble, France;
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Manuele Bettelli
- IMEM-CNR, Istituto Materiali per l’Elettronica e il Magnetismo, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Parco Area delle Scienze 37/A, 43124 Parma, Italy; (M.B.); (N.S.A.); (D.C.); (A.Z.)
| | - Nicola Sarzi Amadè
- IMEM-CNR, Istituto Materiali per l’Elettronica e il Magnetismo, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Parco Area delle Scienze 37/A, 43124 Parma, Italy; (M.B.); (N.S.A.); (D.C.); (A.Z.)
| | - Davide Calestani
- IMEM-CNR, Istituto Materiali per l’Elettronica e il Magnetismo, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Parco Area delle Scienze 37/A, 43124 Parma, Italy; (M.B.); (N.S.A.); (D.C.); (A.Z.)
| | - Cyril Ponchut
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), 71 Avenue des Martyrs, F-38043 Grenoble, France;
| | - Andrea Zappettini
- IMEM-CNR, Istituto Materiali per l’Elettronica e il Magnetismo, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Parco Area delle Scienze 37/A, 43124 Parma, Italy; (M.B.); (N.S.A.); (D.C.); (A.Z.)
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20
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Foresti R, Ghezzi B, Vettori M, Bergonzi L, Attolino S, Rossi S, Tarabella G, Vurro D, von Zeppelin D, Iannotta S, Zappettini A, Macaluso GM, Miragoli M, Maggio MG, Costantino C, Selleri S, Macaluso C. 3D Printed Masks for Powders and Viruses Safety Protection Using Food Grade Polymers: Empirical Tests. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13040617. [PMID: 33670792 PMCID: PMC7923032 DOI: 10.3390/polym13040617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The production of 3D printed safety protection devices (SPD) requires particular attention to the material selection and to the evaluation of mechanical resistance, biological safety and surface roughness related to the accumulation of bacteria and viruses. We explored the possibility to adopt additive manufacturing technologies for the production of respirator masks, responding to the sudden demand of SPDs caused by the emergency scenario of the pandemic spread of SARS-COV-2. In this study, we developed different prototypes of masks, exclusively applying basic additive manufacturing technologies like fused deposition modeling (FDM) and droplet-based precision extrusion deposition (db-PED) to common food packaging materials. We analyzed the resulting mechanical characteristics, biological safety (cell adhesion and viability), surface roughness and resistance to dissolution, before and after the cleaning and disinfection phases. We showed that masks 3D printed with home-grade printing equipment have similar performances compared to the industrial-grade ones, and furthermore we obtained a perfect face fit by customizing their shape. Finally, we developed novel approaches to the additive manufacturing post-processing phases essential to assure human safety in the production of 3D printed custom medical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Foresti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (B.G.); (S.R.); (G.M.M.); (M.M.); (M.G.M.); (C.C.); (C.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0521-906-674
| | - Benedetta Ghezzi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (B.G.); (S.R.); (G.M.M.); (M.M.); (M.G.M.); (C.C.); (C.M.)
- Center of Dental Medicine, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | | | | | - Silvia Attolino
- Department of Philology, Literature and Linguistics, University of Pisa, 56125 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Stefano Rossi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (B.G.); (S.R.); (G.M.M.); (M.M.); (M.G.M.); (C.C.); (C.M.)
| | | | - Davide Vurro
- IMEM-CNR Institute, 43124 Parma, Italy; (D.V.); (S.I.); (A.Z.)
| | | | | | | | - Guido Maria Macaluso
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (B.G.); (S.R.); (G.M.M.); (M.M.); (M.G.M.); (C.C.); (C.M.)
- Center of Dental Medicine, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
- IMEM-CNR Institute, 43124 Parma, Italy; (D.V.); (S.I.); (A.Z.)
| | - Michele Miragoli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (B.G.); (S.R.); (G.M.M.); (M.M.); (M.G.M.); (C.C.); (C.M.)
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center—IRCCS, 20089 Rozzano, Italy
- CERT, Centre of Excellence for Toxicology Research, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Marcello Giuseppe Maggio
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (B.G.); (S.R.); (G.M.M.); (M.M.); (M.G.M.); (C.C.); (C.M.)
| | - Cosimo Costantino
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (B.G.); (S.R.); (G.M.M.); (M.M.); (M.G.M.); (C.C.); (C.M.)
| | - Stefano Selleri
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy;
| | - Claudio Macaluso
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (B.G.); (S.R.); (G.M.M.); (M.M.); (M.G.M.); (C.C.); (C.M.)
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21
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Sarzi Amadè N, Bettelli M, Zambelli N, Zanettini S, Benassi G, Zappettini A. Gamma-Ray Spectral Unfolding of CdZnTe-Based Detectors Using a Genetic Algorithm. Sensors (Basel) 2020; 20:s20247316. [PMID: 33352753 PMCID: PMC7765827 DOI: 10.3390/s20247316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The analysis of γ-ray spectra can be an arduous task, especially in the case of room temperature semiconductor detectors, where several distortions and instrumental artifacts conceal the true spectral shape. We developed a genetic algorithm to perform the unfolding of γ-spectra in order to restore the true energy distribution of the incoming radiation. We successfully validated our approach on experimental spectra of four radionuclides (241Am, 57Co, 137Cs and 133Ba) acquired with two CdZnTe-based detectors with different contact geometries (single pixel and drift strip). The unfolded spectra consist of δ-like peaks in correspondence with the radiation emissions of each radioisotope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Sarzi Amadè
- IMEM/CNR, Parco Area Delle Scienze 37/A, 43100 Parma, Italy; (M.B.); (A.Z.)
| | - Manuele Bettelli
- IMEM/CNR, Parco Area Delle Scienze 37/A, 43100 Parma, Italy; (M.B.); (A.Z.)
| | - Nicola Zambelli
- due2lab s.r.l., Via Paolo Borsellino 2, Scandiano, 42019 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (N.Z.); (S.Z.); (G.B.)
| | - Silvia Zanettini
- due2lab s.r.l., Via Paolo Borsellino 2, Scandiano, 42019 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (N.Z.); (S.Z.); (G.B.)
| | - Giacomo Benassi
- due2lab s.r.l., Via Paolo Borsellino 2, Scandiano, 42019 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (N.Z.); (S.Z.); (G.B.)
| | - Andrea Zappettini
- IMEM/CNR, Parco Area Delle Scienze 37/A, 43100 Parma, Italy; (M.B.); (A.Z.)
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22
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Abbene L, Gerardi G, Principato F, Buttacavoli A, Altieri S, Protti N, Tomarchio E, Del Sordo S, Auricchio N, Bettelli M, Amadè NS, Zanettini S, Zappettini A, Caroli E. Recent advances in the development of high-resolution 3D cadmium-zinc-telluride drift strip detectors. J Synchrotron Radiat 2020; 27:1564-1576. [PMID: 33147181 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577520010747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In the last two decades, great efforts have been made in the development of 3D cadmium-zinc-telluride (CZT) detectors operating at room temperature for gamma-ray spectroscopic imaging. This work presents the spectroscopic performance of new high-resolution CZT drift strip detectors, recently developed at IMEM-CNR of Parma (Italy) in collaboration with due2lab (Italy). The detectors (19.4 mm × 19.4 mm × 6 mm) are organized into collecting anode strips (pitch of 1.6 mm) and drift strips (pitch of 0.4 mm) which are negatively biased to optimize electron charge collection. The cathode is divided into strips orthogonal to the anode strips with a pitch of 2 mm. Dedicated pulse processing analysis was performed on a wide range of collected and induced charge pulse shapes using custom 32-channel digital readout electronics. Excellent room-temperature energy resolution (1.3% FWHM at 662 keV) was achieved using the detectors without any spectral corrections. Further improvements (0.8% FWHM at 662 keV) were also obtained through a novel correction technique based on the analysis of collected-induced charge pulses from anode and drift strips. These activities are in the framework of two Italian research projects on the development of spectroscopic gamma-ray imagers (10-1000 keV) for astrophysical and medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Abbene
- Department of Physics and Chemistry (DiFC), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 18, Palermo 90128, Italy
| | - Gaetano Gerardi
- Department of Physics and Chemistry (DiFC), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 18, Palermo 90128, Italy
| | - Fabio Principato
- Department of Physics and Chemistry (DiFC), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 18, Palermo 90128, Italy
| | - Antonino Buttacavoli
- Department of Physics and Chemistry (DiFC), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 18, Palermo 90128, Italy
| | - Saverio Altieri
- Nuclear Physics National Institute (INFN), Unit of Pavia, via Agostino Bassi 6, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Protti
- Nuclear Physics National Institute (INFN), Unit of Pavia, via Agostino Bassi 6, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Elio Tomarchio
- Department of Engineering, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 6, Palermo 90128, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Silvia Zanettini
- due2lab s.r.l., Via Paolo Borsellino 2, Scandiano, Reggio Emilia 42019, Italy
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23
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Buttacavoli A, Principato F, Gerardi G, Bettelli M, Sarzi Amadè N, Zappettini A, Seller P, Veale MC, Fox O, Sawhney K, Abbene L. Room-temperature performance of 3 mm-thick cadmium-zinc-telluride pixel detectors with sub-millimetre pixelization. J Synchrotron Radiat 2020; 27:1180-1189. [PMID: 32876592 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577520008942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium-zinc-telluride (CZT) pixel detectors represent a consolidated choice for the development of room-temperature spectroscopic X-ray imagers, finding important applications in medical imaging, often as detection modules of a variety of new SPECT and CT systems. Detectors with 3-5 mm thicknesses are able to efficiently detect X-rays up to 140 keV giving reasonable room-temperature energy resolution. In this work, the room-temperature performance of 3 mm-thick CZT pixel detectors, recently developed at IMEM/CNR of Parma (Italy), is presented. Sub-millimetre detector arrays with pixel pitch less than 500 µm were fabricated. The detectors are characterized by good room-temperature performance even at high bias voltage operation (6000 V cm-1), with energy resolutions (FWHM) of 3% (1.8 keV) and 1.6% (2 keV) at 59.5 keV and 122.1 keV, respectively. Charge-sharing investigations were performed with both uncollimated and collimated synchrotron X-ray beams with particular attention to recovering the charge losses at the inter-pixel gap region. High rate measurements demonstrated the absence of high-flux radiation-induced polarization phenomena up to 25 × 106 photons mm-2 s-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Buttacavoli
- Department of Physics and Chemistry (DiFC) - Emilio Segrè, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 18, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Fabio Principato
- Department of Physics and Chemistry (DiFC) - Emilio Segrè, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 18, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Gaetano Gerardi
- Department of Physics and Chemistry (DiFC) - Emilio Segrè, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 18, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Paul Seller
- Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew C Veale
- Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Oliver Fox
- B16 Beamline, Diamond Light Source, Fermi Avenue, Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - Kawal Sawhney
- Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Leonardo Abbene
- Department of Physics and Chemistry (DiFC) - Emilio Segrè, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 18, 90128 Palermo, Italy
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24
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Bettelli M, Sarzi Amadè N, Zanettini S, Nasi L, Villani M, Abbene L, Principato F, Santi A, Pavesi M, Zappettini A. Improved electroless platinum contacts on CdZnTe X- and γ-rays detectors. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13762. [PMID: 32792585 PMCID: PMC7426932 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70801-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Platinum is a promising candidate for the realization of blocking electrical contacts on cadmium-zinc-telluride (CdZnTe or CZT) radiation detectors. However, the poor mechanical adhesion of this metal often shortens the lifetime of the final device. In this work, a simple and effective procedure to obtain robust platinum contacts by electroless deposition is presented. Microscopical analysis revealed the final thickness and composition of the contact layer and its adhesion to the bulk crystal. The blocking nature of the Pt-CdZnTe junction, essential to obtain low noise devices, was confirmed by current–voltage measurements. The planar Pt-CdZnTe-Pt detectors showed good room temperature spectroscopic performance with energy resolution of 4% (2.4 keV) and 3% (3.7 keV) FWHM at 59.5 and 122.1 keV, respectively. Finally, we showed, for the first time, that platinum contacts allow the estimation of the carrier lifetime and mobility of both holes and electrons by using current transient measurements. This demonstrated the optimal hole extraction capability of such contacts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Leonardo Abbene
- Department of Physics and Chemistry (DiFC)-Emilio Segrè, University of Palermo, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - Fabio Principato
- Department of Physics and Chemistry (DiFC)-Emilio Segrè, University of Palermo, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - Andrea Santi
- Department of Mathematical, Physical and Computer Sciences, University of Parma, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Maura Pavesi
- Department of Mathematical, Physical and Computer Sciences, University of Parma, 43124, Parma, Italy
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25
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Paesano L, Marmiroli M, Bianchi MG, White JC, Bussolati O, Zappettini A, Villani M, Marmiroli N. Differences in toxicity, mitochondrial function and miRNome in human cells exposed in vitro to Cd as CdS quantum dots or ionic Cd. J Hazard Mater 2020; 393:122430. [PMID: 32155524 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium is toxic to humans, although Cd-based quantum dots exerts less toxicity. Human hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2) and macrophages (THP-1) were exposed to ionic Cd, Cd(II), and cadmium sulfide quantum dots (CdS QDs), and cell viability, cell integrity, Cd accumulation, mitochondrial function and miRNome profile were evaluated. Cell-type and Cd form-specific responses were found: CdS QDs affected cell viability more in HepG2 than in THP-1; respective IC20 values were ∼3 and ∼50 μg ml-1. In both cell types, Cd(II) exerted greater effects on viability. Mitochondrial membrane function in HepG2 cells was reduced 70 % with 40 μg ml-1 CdS QDs but was totally inhibited by Cd(II) at corresponding amounts. In THP-1 cells, CdS QDs has less effect on mitochondrial function; 50 μg ml-1 CdS QDs or equivalent Cd(II) caused 30 % reduction or total inhibition, respectively. The different in vitro effects of CdS QDs were unrelated to Cd uptake, which was greater in THP-1 cells. For both cell types, changes in the expression of miRNAs (miR-222, miR-181a, miR-142-3p, miR-15) were found with CdS QDs, which may be used as biomarkers of hazard nanomaterial exposure. The cell-specific miRNome profiles were indicative of a more conservative autophagic response in THP-1 and as apoptosis as in HepG2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Paesano
- University of Parma, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Marta Marmiroli
- University of Parma, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Massimiliano G Bianchi
- University of Parma, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Laboratory of General Pathology, Via Volturno 39, 43125 Parma, Italy
| | - Jason C White
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station (CAES), New Haven, CT 06504, United States
| | - Ovidio Bussolati
- University of Parma, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Laboratory of General Pathology, Via Volturno 39, 43125 Parma, Italy
| | - Andrea Zappettini
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Magnetism (IMEM-CNR), Parco Area delle Scienze 37/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Marco Villani
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Magnetism (IMEM-CNR), Parco Area delle Scienze 37/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Nelson Marmiroli
- University of Parma, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124 Parma, Italy; National Interuniversity Consortium for Environmental Sciences (CINSA), Parco Area delle Scienze 93/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
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Paesano L, Marmiroli M, Bianchi MG, White JC, Bussolati O, Zappettini A, Villani M, Marmiroli N. Data on miRNome changes in human cells exposed to nano- or ionic- forms of Cadmium. Data Brief 2020; 30:105636. [PMID: 32426426 PMCID: PMC7225374 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2020.105636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The data included in this paper are associated with a research article entitled 'Differences in toxicity, mitochondrial function and miRNome in human cells exposed in vitro to Cd as CdS quantum dots or ionic Cd' [1]. The article concerns the use of miRNAs as biomarkers for engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) risk assessment. Two different type of human cells, HepG2 and THP-1, were exposed to different forms of Cadmium: nanoscale, as CdS quantum dots (CdS QDs), and ionic, as CdSO4 8/3 –hydrate (Cd(II)). The cells were treated with sub-toxic doses of CdS QDs; 3 µg ml−1 in HepG2 and 6.4 µg ml−1 and 50 µg ml−1 in THP-1, as well as equivalent cadmium doses as Cd(II). In this dataset, changes in expression levels of miRNAs are reported. In addition, GO enrichment analyses of target genes of miRNAs modulated by Cd stress, network analysis of the microRNome and an in silico pathway analysis are also reported. These data enhance and also summarize much of the data independently presented in the research article and therefore, must be considered as supplementary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Paesano
- University of Parma, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Marta Marmiroli
- University of Parma, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Massimiliano G Bianchi
- University of Parma, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Laboratory of General Pathology, Via Volturno 39, 43125 Parma, Italy
| | - Jason C White
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station (CAES), New Haven, Connecticut 06504, United States
| | - Ovidio Bussolati
- University of Parma, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Laboratory of General Pathology, Via Volturno 39, 43125 Parma, Italy
| | - Andrea Zappettini
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Magnetism (IMEM-CNR), Parco Area delle Scienze 37/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Marco Villani
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Magnetism (IMEM-CNR), Parco Area delle Scienze 37/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Nelson Marmiroli
- University of Parma, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.,National Interuniversity Consortium for Environmental Sciences (CINSA), Parco Area delle Scienze 93/A, 43124 Parma, Italy Parma, Italy
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Abbene L, Principato F, Gerardi G, Buttacavoli A, Cascio D, Bettelli M, Amadè NS, Seller P, Veale MC, Fox O, Sawhney K, Zanettini S, Tomarchio E, Zappettini A. Room-temperature X-ray response of cadmium-zinc-telluride pixel detectors grown by the vertical Bridgman technique. J Synchrotron Radiat 2020; 27:319-328. [PMID: 32153270 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577519015996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the spectroscopic performances of new cadmium-zinc-telluride (CZT) pixel detectors recently developed at IMEM-CNR of Parma (Italy) are presented. Sub-millimetre arrays with pixel pitch less than 500 µm, based on boron oxide encapsulated vertical Bridgman grown CZT crystals, were fabricated. Excellent room-temperature performance characterizes the detectors even at high-bias-voltage operation (9000 V cm-1), with energy resolutions (FWHM) of 4% (0.9 keV), 1.7% (1 keV) and 1.3% (1.6 keV) at 22.1, 59.5 and 122.1 keV, respectively. Charge-sharing investigations were performed with both uncollimated and collimated synchrotron X-ray beams with particular attention to the mitigation of the charge losses at the inter-pixel gap region. High-rate measurements demonstrated the absence of high-flux radiation-induced polarization phenomena up to 2 × 106 photons mm-2 s-1. These activities are in the framework of an international collaboration on the development of energy-resolved photon-counting systems for high-flux energy-resolved X-ray imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Abbene
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica (DiFC), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 18, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Fabio Principato
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica (DiFC), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 18, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Gaetano Gerardi
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica (DiFC), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 18, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonino Buttacavoli
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica (DiFC), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 18, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Donato Cascio
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica (DiFC), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 18, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | | | | | - Paul Seller
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Chilton, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Matthew C Veale
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Chilton, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Oliver Fox
- B16 Beamline, Diamond Light Source, Fermi Avenue, Didcot, UK
| | - Kawal Sawhney
- B16 Beamline, Diamond Light Source, Fermi Avenue, Didcot, UK
| | - Silvia Zanettini
- due2lab s.r.l., Via Paolo Borsellino 2, Scandiano, 42019 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Elio Tomarchio
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 7, 90128 Palermo, Italy
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Marmiroli M, Mussi F, Pagano L, Imperiale D, Lencioni G, Villani M, Zappettini A, White JC, Marmiroli N. Cadmium sulfide quantum dots impact Arabidopsis thaliana physiology and morphology. Chemosphere 2020; 240:124856. [PMID: 31568945 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The differential mechanisms of CdS QDs (Quantum Dots) and Cd ion toxicity to Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh were investigated. Plants were exposed to 40 and 60 mg L-1 for CdS QDs and 76.9 and 115.2 mg L-1 CdSO4·7H2O and toxicity was evaluated at 5, 20, 35 (T5, T20, T35) days after exposure. Oxidative stress upon exposure was evaluated by biochemical essays targeting non-enzymatic oxidative stress physiological parameters, including respiration efficiency, total chlorophylls, carotenoids, ABTS and DPPH radicals reduction, total phenolics, GSH redox state, lipid peroxidation. Total Cd in plants was measured with AAS. Root and leaf morphology and element content were assessed in vivo utilizing low-vacuum Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy (ESEM) with X-ray microanalysis (EDX). This integrated approach allowed identification of unique nanoscale CdS QDs toxicity to the plants that was distinct from CdSO4 exposure. The analyses highlighted that CdS QDs and Cd ions effects are modulated by the developmental stage of the plant, starting from T20 till T35 the plant development was modulated by the treatments, in particular CdS QDs induced early flowering. Both treatments induced Fe accumulation in roots, but at different intensities, while CdS QDs was associated with Mn increase into plant leaf. CdSO4 elicited higher levels of oxidative stress compared with QDs, especially the former treatment caused more intense respiration damages and reduction in chlorophyll and carotenoids than the latter. The two types of treatments impact differently on root and leaf morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Marmiroli
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
| | - Francesca Mussi
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Luca Pagano
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Davide Imperiale
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per le Scienze Ambientali (CINSA), University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Giacomo Lencioni
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | | | | - Jason C White
- The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Nelson Marmiroli
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per le Scienze Ambientali (CINSA), University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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29
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Vurro F, Janni M, Coppedè N, Gentile F, Manfredi R, Bettelli M, Zappettini A. Development of an In Vivo Sensor to Monitor the Effects of Vapour Pressure Deficit (VPD) Changes to Improve Water Productivity in Agriculture. Sensors (Basel) 2019; 19:E4667. [PMID: 31661770 PMCID: PMC6864644 DOI: 10.3390/s19214667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Environment, biodiversity and ecosystem services are essential to ensure food security and nutrition. Managing natural resources and mainstreaming biodiversity across agriculture sectors are keys towards a sustainable agriculture focused on resource efficiency. Vapour Pressure Deficit (VPD) is considered the main driving force of water movements in the plant vascular system, however the tools available to monitor this parameter are usually based on environmental monitoring. The driving motif of this paper is the development of an in-vivo sensor to monitor the effects of VPD changes in the plant. We have used an in vivo sensor, termed "bioristor", to continuously monitor the changes occurring in the sap ion's status when plants experience different VPD conditions and we observed a specific R (sensor response) trend in response to VPD. The possibility to directly monitor the physiological changes occurring in the plant in different VPD conditions, can be used to increase efficiency of the water management in controlled conditions thus achieving a more sustainable use of natural resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Vurro
- Istituto dei materiali per l'elettronica e il magnetismo (IMEM-CNR) Parco Area delle Scienze 37/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
| | - Michela Janni
- Istituto dei materiali per l'elettronica e il magnetismo (IMEM-CNR) Parco Area delle Scienze 37/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
- Istituto di Bioscienze e Biorisorse (IBBR-CNR) Via Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy.
| | - Nicola Coppedè
- Istituto dei materiali per l'elettronica e il magnetismo (IMEM-CNR) Parco Area delle Scienze 37/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
| | - Francesco Gentile
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, University Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy.
| | - Riccardo Manfredi
- Istituto dei materiali per l'elettronica e il magnetismo (IMEM-CNR) Parco Area delle Scienze 37/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
| | - Manuele Bettelli
- Istituto dei materiali per l'elettronica e il magnetismo (IMEM-CNR) Parco Area delle Scienze 37/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
| | - Andrea Zappettini
- Istituto dei materiali per l'elettronica e il magnetismo (IMEM-CNR) Parco Area delle Scienze 37/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
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30
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Pagano L, Caldara M, Villani M, Zappettini A, Marmiroli N, Marmiroli M. In Vivo-In Vitro Comparative Toxicology of Cadmium Sulphide Quantum Dots in the Model Organism Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2019; 9:nano9040512. [PMID: 30986968 PMCID: PMC6523553 DOI: 10.3390/nano9040512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to use the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a tool for toxicogenomic studies of Engineered Nanomaterials (ENMs) risk assessment, in particular focusing on cadmium based quantum dots (CdS QDs). This model has been exploited for its peculiar features: a short replication time, growth on both fermentable and oxidizable carbon sources, and for the contextual availability of genome wide information in the form of genetic maps, DNA microarray, and collections of barcoded mutants. The comparison of the whole genome analysis with the microarray experiments (99.9% coverage) and with the phenotypic analysis of 4688 barcoded haploid mutants (80.2% coverage), shed light on the genes involved in the response to CdS QDs, both in vivo and in vitro. The results have clarified the mechanisms involved in the exposure to CdS QDs, and whether these ENMs and Cd2+ exploited different pathways of response, in particular related to oxidative stress and to the maintenance of mitochondrial integrity and function. Saccharomyces cerevisiae remains a versatile and robust alternative for organismal toxicological studies, with a high level of heuristic insights into the toxicology of more complex eukaryotes, including mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Pagano
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, 43123 Parma, Italy.
| | - Marina Caldara
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, 43123 Parma, Italy.
| | | | | | - Nelson Marmiroli
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, 43123 Parma, Italy.
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per le Scienze Ambientali (CINSA), University of Parma, 43123 Parma, Italy.
| | - Marta Marmiroli
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, 43123 Parma, Italy.
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31
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Onesto V, Villani M, Narducci R, Malara N, Imbrogno A, Allione M, Costa N, Coppedè N, Zappettini A, Cannistraci CV, Cancedda L, Amato F, Di Fabrizio E, Gentile F. Cortical-like mini-columns of neuronal cells on zinc oxide nanowire surfaces. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4021. [PMID: 30858456 PMCID: PMC6411964 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40548-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A long-standing goal of neuroscience is a theory that explains the formation of the minicolumns in the cerebral cortex. Minicolumns are the elementary computational units of the mature neocortex. Here, we use zinc oxide nanowires with controlled topography as substrates for neural-cell growth. We observe that neuronal cells form networks where the networks characteristics exhibit a high sensitivity to the topography of the nanowires. For certain values of nanowires density and fractal dimension, neuronal networks express small world attributes, with enhanced information flows. We observe that neurons in these networks congregate in superclusters of approximately 200 neurons. We demonstrate that this number is not coincidental: the maximum number of cells in a supercluster is limited by the competition between the binding energy between cells, adhesion to the substrate, and the kinetic energy of the system. Since cortical minicolumns have similar size, similar anatomical and topological characteristics of neuronal superclusters on nanowires surfaces, we conjecture that the formation of cortical minicolumns is likewise guided by the interplay between energy minimization, information optimization and topology. For the first time, we provide a clear account of the mechanisms of formation of the minicolumns in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Onesto
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for HealthCare, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 80125, Naples, Italy.,Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Magna Graecia, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - M Villani
- IMEM-CNR Parco Area delle Scienze 37/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - R Narducci
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163, Genova, Italy
| | - N Malara
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Magna Graecia, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - A Imbrogno
- Tyndall National Institute, Cork, T12 R5CP, Ireland
| | - M Allione
- PSE division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - N Costa
- Health Department, University of Magna Graecia, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - N Coppedè
- IMEM-CNR Parco Area delle Scienze 37/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - A Zappettini
- IMEM-CNR Parco Area delle Scienze 37/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - C V Cannistraci
- Biomedical Cybernetics Group, Biotechnology Center (BIOTEC), Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Center for Systems Biology Dresden (CSBD), Department of Physics, Technische Universität Dresden, Tatzberg 47/49, 01307, Dresden, Germany.,Brain Bio-Inspired Computing (BBC) Lab, IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino Pulejo", Messina, 98124, Italy
| | - L Cancedda
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163, Genova, Italy.,Dulbecco Telethon Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - F Amato
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Enzo Di Fabrizio
- PSE division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - F Gentile
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, University Federico II, Naples, Italy.
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32
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Villani M, Onesto V, Coluccio M, Valpapuram I, Majewska R, Alabastri A, Battista E, Schirato A, Calestani D, Coppedé N, Zappettini A, Amato F, Di Fabrizio E, Gentile F. Transforming diatomaceous earth into sensing devices by surface modification with gold nanoparticles. Micro and Nano Engineering 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mne.2018.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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33
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Janni M, Coppede N, Bettelli M, Briglia N, Petrozza A, Summerer S, Vurro F, Danzi D, Cellini F, Marmiroli N, Pignone D, Iannotta S, Zappettini A. In Vivo Phenotyping for the Early Detection of Drought Stress in Tomato. Plant Phenomics 2019; 2019:6168209. [PMID: 33313533 PMCID: PMC7706337 DOI: 10.34133/2019/6168209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Drought stress imposes a major constraint over a crop yield and can be expected to grow in importance if the climate change predicted comes about. Improved methods are needed to facilitate crop management via the prompt detection of the onset of stress. Here, we report the use of an in vivo OECT (organic electrochemical transistor) sensor, termed as bioristor, in the context of the drought response of the tomato plant. The device was integrated within the plant's stem, thereby allowing for the continuous monitoring of the plant's physiological status throughout its life cycle. Bioristor was able to detect changes of ion concentration in the sap upon drought, in particular, those dissolved and transported through the transpiration stream, thus efficiently detecting the occurrence of drought stress immediately after the priming of the defence responses. The bioristor's acquired data were coupled with those obtained in a high-throughput phenotyping platform revealing the extreme complementarity of these methods to investigate the mechanisms triggered by the plant during the drought stress event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Janni
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Magnetism (IMEM), National Research Council (CNR), Parco Area delle Scienze 37/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
- Institute of Bioscience and Bioresources (IBBR), National Research Council (CNR), Via Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Nicola Coppede
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Magnetism (IMEM), National Research Council (CNR), Parco Area delle Scienze 37/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Manuele Bettelli
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Magnetism (IMEM), National Research Council (CNR), Parco Area delle Scienze 37/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Nunzio Briglia
- Università degli Studi della Basilicata, Dipartimento delle Culture Europee e del Mediterraneo: Architettura, Ambiente, Patrimoni Culturali (DICEM), Via S. Rocco, I-75100 Matera, Italy
| | - Angelo Petrozza
- ALSIA Centro Ricerche Metapontum Agrobios, s.s. Jonica 106 ,km 448, 2, Metaponto, MT 75010, Italy
| | - Stephan Summerer
- ALSIA Centro Ricerche Metapontum Agrobios, s.s. Jonica 106 ,km 448, 2, Metaponto, MT 75010, Italy
| | - Filippo Vurro
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Magnetism (IMEM), National Research Council (CNR), Parco Area delle Scienze 37/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Donatella Danzi
- Institute of Bioscience and Bioresources (IBBR), National Research Council (CNR), Via Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Cellini
- ALSIA Centro Ricerche Metapontum Agrobios, s.s. Jonica 106 ,km 448, 2, Metaponto, MT 75010, Italy
| | - Nelson Marmiroli
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 11/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Domenico Pignone
- Institute of Bioscience and Bioresources (IBBR), National Research Council (CNR), Via Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Salvatore Iannotta
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Magnetism (IMEM), National Research Council (CNR), Parco Area delle Scienze 37/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Andrea Zappettini
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Magnetism (IMEM), National Research Council (CNR), Parco Area delle Scienze 37/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
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34
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Calestani D, Culiolo M, Villani M, Delmonte D, Solzi M, Kim TY, Kim SW, Marchini L, Zappettini A. Functionalization of carbon fiber tows with ZnO nanorods for stress sensor integration in smart composite materials. Nanotechnology 2018; 29:335501. [PMID: 29808831 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aac850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The physical and operating principle of a stress sensor, based on two crossing carbon fibers functionalized with ZnO nanorod-shaped nanostructures, was recently demonstrated. The functionalization process has been here extended to tows made of one thousand fibers, like those commonly used in industrial processing, to prove the idea that the same working principle can be exploited in the creation of smart sensing carbon fiber composites. A stress-sensing device made of two functionalized tows, fixed with epoxy resin and crossing like in a typical carbon fiber texture, was successfully tested. Piezoelectric properties of single nanorods, as well as those of the test device, were measured and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Calestani
- IMEM-CNR, Parco Area delle Scienze 37/A, Parma, I-43124, Italy
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35
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Abbene L, Gerardi G, Principato F, Bettelli M, Seller P, Veale MC, Fox O, Sawhney K, Zambelli N, Benassi G, Zappettini A. Dual-polarity pulse processing and analysis for charge-loss correction in cadmium-zinc-telluride pixel detectors. J Synchrotron Radiat 2018; 25:1078-1092. [PMID: 29979169 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577518006422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Charge losses at the inter-pixel gap are typical drawbacks in cadmium-zinc-telluride (CZT) pixel detectors. In this work, an original technique able to correct charge losses occurring after the application of charge-sharing addition (CSA) is presented. The method, exploiting the strong relation between the energy after CSA and the beam position at the inter-pixel gap, allows the recovery of charge losses and improvements in energy resolution. Sub-millimetre CZT pixel detectors were investigated with both uncollimated radiation sources and collimated synchrotron X-rays, at energies below and above the K-shell absorption energy of the CZT material. The detectors are DC coupled to fast and low-noise charge-sensitive preamplifiers (PIXIE ASIC) and followed by a 16-channel digital readout electronics, performing multi-parameter analysis (event arrival time, pulse shape, pulse height). Induced-charge pulses with negative polarity were also observed in the waveforms from the charge-sensitive preamplifiers (CSPs) at energies >60 keV. The shape and the height of these pulses were analysed, and their role in the mitigation of charge losses in CZT pixel detectors. These activities are in the framework of an international collaboration on the development of energy-resolved photon-counting systems for spectroscopic X-ray imaging (5-140 keV).
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Abbene
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 18, Palermo 90128, Italy
| | - Gaetano Gerardi
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 18, Palermo 90128, Italy
| | - Fabio Principato
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 18, Palermo 90128, Italy
| | | | - Paul Seller
- Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Matthew C Veale
- Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Oliver Fox
- B16 Beamline, Diamond Light Source, Fermi Avenue, Didcot, UK
| | - Kawal Sawhney
- B16 Beamline, Diamond Light Source, Fermi Avenue, Didcot, UK
| | - Nicola Zambelli
- due2lab s.r.l., Via Paolo Borsellino 2, Scandiano, Reggio Emilia 42019, Italy
| | - Giacomo Benassi
- due2lab s.r.l., Via Paolo Borsellino 2, Scandiano, Reggio Emilia 42019, Italy
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Abbene L, Principato F, Gerardi G, Bettelli M, Seller P, Veale MC, Zambelli N, Benassi G, Zappettini A. Digital fast pulse shape and height analysis on cadmium-zinc-telluride arrays for high-flux energy-resolved X-ray imaging. J Synchrotron Radiat 2018; 25:257-271. [PMID: 29271775 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577517015697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium-zinc-telluride (CZT) arrays with photon-counting and energy-resolving capabilities are widely proposed for next-generation X-ray imaging systems. This work presents the performance of a 2 mm-thick CZT pixel detector, with pixel pitches of 500 and 250 µm, dc coupled to a fast and low-noise ASIC (PIXIE ASIC), characterized only by the preamplifier stage. A custom 16-channel digital readout electronics was used, able to digitize and process continuously the signals from each output ASIC channel. The digital system performs on-line fast pulse shape and height analysis, with a low dead-time and reasonable energy resolution at both low and high fluxes. The spectroscopic response of the system to photon energies below (109Cd source) and above (241Am source) the K-shell absorption energy of the CZT material was investigated, with particular attention to the mitigation of charge sharing and pile-up. The detector allows high bias voltage operation (>5000 V cm-1) and good energy resolution at moderate cooling (3.5% and 5% FWHM at 59.5 keV for the 500 and 250 µm arrays, respectively) by using fast pulse shaping with a low dead-time (300 ns). Charge-sharing investigations were performed using a fine time coincidence analysis (TCA), with very short coincidence time windows up to 10 ns. For the 500 µm pitch array (250 µm pitch array), sharing percentages of 36% (52%) and 60% (82%) at 22.1 and 59.5 keV, respectively, were measured. The potential of the pulse shape analysis technique for charge-sharing detection for corner/border pixels and at high rate conditions (250 kcps pixel-1), where the TCA fails, is also shown. Measurements demonstrated that significant amounts of charge are lost for interactions occurring in the volume of the inter-pixel gap. This charge loss must be accounted for in the correction of shared events. These activities are within the framework of an international collaboration on the development of energy-resolved photon-counting systems for high-flux energy-resolved X-ray imaging (1-140 keV).
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Abbene
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 18, Palermo 90128, Italy
| | - Fabio Principato
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 18, Palermo 90128, Italy
| | - Gaetano Gerardi
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 18, Palermo 90128, Italy
| | | | - Paul Seller
- Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Matthew C Veale
- Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Nicola Zambelli
- due2lab s.r.l., Via Paolo Borsellino 2, Scandiano, Reggio Emilia 42019, Italy
| | - Giacomo Benassi
- due2lab s.r.l., Via Paolo Borsellino 2, Scandiano, Reggio Emilia 42019, Italy
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Zappettini A, Coppedè N, Janni M, Bettelli M, Maida CL, Gentile F, Villani M, Rotolo R, Iannotta S, Marmiroli N. Textile electrochemical biosensor for plant science and precision farming. Acta Crystallogr A Found Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1107/s2053273317085618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Mazzeo PP, Canossa S, Bacchi A, Massera C, Marchiò L, Amarante M, Zappettini A, Gorreri M. Epitaxial growth from temporary exhibition to permanent museum in Parma. Acta Crystallogr A Found Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1107/s2053273317090404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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39
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Coppedè N, Janni M, Bettelli M, Maida CL, Gentile F, Villani M, Ruotolo R, Iannotta S, Marmiroli N, Marmiroli M, Zappettini A. An in vivo biosensing, biomimetic electrochemical transistor with applications in plant science and precision farming. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16195. [PMID: 29170393 PMCID: PMC5700984 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16217-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The in vivo monitoring of key plant physiology parameters will be a key enabler of precision farming. Here, a biomimetic textile-based biosensor, which can be inserted directly into plant tissue is presented: the device is able to monitor, in vivo and in real time, variations in the solute content of the plant sap. The biosensor has no detectable effect on the plant's morphology even after six weeks of continuous operation. The continuous monitoring of the sap electrolyte concentration in a growing tomato plant revealed a circadian pattern of variation. The biosensor has the potential to detect the signs of abiotic stress, and therefore might be exploited as a powerful tool to study plant physiology and to increase tomato growth sustainability. Also, it can continuously communicate the plant health status, thus potentially driving the whole farm management in the frame of smart agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Coppedè
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Magnetism (IMEM), National Research Council (CNR), Parco Area delle Scienze 37/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Michela Janni
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Magnetism (IMEM), National Research Council (CNR), Parco Area delle Scienze 37/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
- Institute of Bioscience and Bioresources (IBBR), National Research Council (CNR), Via Amendola 165/A, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Manuele Bettelli
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Magnetism (IMEM), National Research Council (CNR), Parco Area delle Scienze 37/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Calogero Leandro Maida
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 11/A, 43100, Parma, Italy
| | - Francesco Gentile
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Villani
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Magnetism (IMEM), National Research Council (CNR), Parco Area delle Scienze 37/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Roberta Ruotolo
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 11/A, 43100, Parma, Italy
| | - Salvatore Iannotta
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Magnetism (IMEM), National Research Council (CNR), Parco Area delle Scienze 37/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Nelson Marmiroli
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 11/A, 43100, Parma, Italy
| | - Marta Marmiroli
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 11/A, 43100, Parma, Italy
| | - Andrea Zappettini
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Magnetism (IMEM), National Research Council (CNR), Parco Area delle Scienze 37/A, 43124, Parma, Italy.
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Aleotti J, Micconi G, Caselli S, Benassi G, Zambelli N, Bettelli M, Zappettini A. Detection of Nuclear Sources by UAV Teleoperation Using a Visuo-Haptic Augmented Reality Interface. Sensors (Basel) 2017; 17:s17102234. [PMID: 28961198 PMCID: PMC5677116 DOI: 10.3390/s17102234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A visuo-haptic augmented reality (VHAR) interface is presented enabling an operator to teleoperate an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) equipped with a custom CdZnTe-based spectroscopic gamma-ray detector in outdoor environments. The task is to localize nuclear radiation sources, whose location is unknown to the user, without the close exposure of the operator. The developed detector also enables identification of the localized nuclear sources. The aim of the VHAR interface is to increase the situation awareness of the operator. The user teleoperates the UAV using a 3DOF haptic device that provides an attractive force feedback around the location of the most intense detected radiation source. Moreover, a fixed camera on the ground observes the environment where the UAV is flying. A 3D augmented reality scene is displayed on a computer screen accessible to the operator. Multiple types of graphical overlays are shown, including sensor data acquired by the nuclear radiation detector, a virtual cursor that tracks the UAV and geographical information, such as buildings. Experiments performed in a real environment are reported using an intense nuclear source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Aleotti
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy.
| | - Giorgio Micconi
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy.
| | - Stefano Caselli
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy.
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41
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Abbene L, Gerardi G, Raso G, Principato F, Zambelli N, Benassi G, Bettelli M, Zappettini A. Development of new CdZnTe detectors for room-temperature high-flux radiation measurements. J Synchrotron Radiat 2017; 24:429-438. [PMID: 28244436 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577517000194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Recently, CdZnTe (CZT) detectors have been widely proposed and developed for room-temperature X-ray spectroscopy even at high fluxes, and great efforts have been made on both the device and the crystal growth technologies. In this work, the performance of new travelling-heater-method (THM)-grown CZT detectors, recently developed at IMEM-CNR Parma, Italy, is presented. Thick planar detectors (3 mm thick) with gold electroless contacts were realised, with a planar cathode covering the detector surface (4.1 mm × 4.1 mm) and a central anode (2 mm × 2 mm) surrounded by a guard-ring electrode. The detectors, characterized by low leakage currents at room temperature (4.7 nA cm-2 at 1000 V cm-1), allow good room-temperature operation even at high bias voltages (>7000 V cm-1). At low rates (200 counts s-1), the detectors exhibit an energy resolution around 4% FWHM at 59.5 keV (241Am source) up to 2200 V, by using commercial front-end electronics (A250F/NF charge-sensitive preamplifier, Amptek, USA; nominal equivalent noise charge of 100 electrons RMS). At high rates (1 Mcounts s-1), the detectors, coupled to a custom-designed digital pulse processing electronics developed at DiFC of University of Palermo (Italy), show low spectroscopic degradations: energy resolution values of 8% and 9.7% FWHM at 59.5 keV (241Am source) were measured, with throughputs of 0.4% and 60% at 1 Mcounts s-1, respectively. An energy resolution of 7.7% FWHM at 122.1 keV (57Co source) with a throughput of 50% was obtained at 550 kcounts s-1 (energy resolution of 3.2% at low rate). These activities are in the framework of an Italian research project on the development of energy-resolved photon-counting systems for high-flux energy-resolved X-ray imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Abbene
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 18, Palermo 90128, Italy
| | - Gaetano Gerardi
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 18, Palermo 90128, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Raso
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 18, Palermo 90128, Italy
| | - Fabio Principato
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 18, Palermo 90128, Italy
| | - Nicola Zambelli
- Due2Lab srl, Via Paolo Borsellino 2, Scandiano, Reggio Emilia 42019, Italy
| | - Giacomo Benassi
- Due2Lab srl, Via Paolo Borsellino 2, Scandiano, Reggio Emilia 42019, Italy
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42
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Pasquali F, Agrimonti C, Pagano L, Zappettini A, Villani M, Marmiroli M, White JC, Marmiroli N. Nucleo-mitochondrial interaction of yeast in response to cadmium sulfide quantum dot exposure. J Hazard Mater 2017; 324:744-752. [PMID: 27890358 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.11.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Cell sensitivity to quantum dots (QDs) has been attributed to a cascade triggered by oxidative stress leading to apoptosis. The role and function of mitochondria in animal cells are well understood but little information is available on the complex genetic networks that regulate nucleo-mitochondrial interaction. The effect of CdS QD exposure in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae was assessed under conditions of limited lethality (<10%), using cell physiological and morphological endpoints. Whole-genomic array analysis and the screening of a deletion mutant library were also carried out. The results showed that QDs: increased the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and decreased the level of reduced vs oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG); reduced oxygen consumption and the abundance of respiratory cytochromes; disrupted mitochondrial membrane potentials and affected mitochondrial morphology. Exposure affected the capacity of cells to grow on galactose, which requires nucleo-mitochondrial involvement. However, QDs exposure did not materially induce respiratory deficient (RD) mutants but only RD phenocopies. All of these cellular changes were correlated with several key nuclear genes, including TOM5 and FKS1, involved in the maintenance of mitochondrial organization and function. The consequences of these cellular effects are discussed in terms of dysregulation of cell function in response to these "pathological mitochondria".
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Luca Pagano
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Parma, Parma, Italy; Stockbridge school of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA; The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Andrea Zappettini
- IMEM-CNR - Istituto dei Materiali per l'Elettronica ed il Magnetismo, Parma, Italy
| | - Marco Villani
- IMEM-CNR - Istituto dei Materiali per l'Elettronica ed il Magnetismo, Parma, Italy
| | - Marta Marmiroli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Jason C White
- The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Nelson Marmiroli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Parma, Parma, Italy; CINSA - Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per le Scienze Ambientali, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
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Pradeep UW, Villani M, Calestani D, Cristofolini L, Iannotta S, Zappettini A, Coppedè N. Charge-separation enhancement in inverted polymer solar cells by molecular-level triple heterojunction: NiO-np:P3HT:PCBM. Nanotechnology 2017; 28:035403. [PMID: 27966476 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/28/3/035403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Hole collection and transport are crucial physical processes in bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) solar cells, which represent major bottlenecks due to their limitations in power conversion efficiency (PCE). Hence, a more efficient alternative is needed to accept and transport holes to the collection electrode in BHJ solar cells. Here, we bring both electron and hole collection centres close to the point of exciton generation by infiltrating P3HT poly(3-hexylthiophene):PCBM ([6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester) blend into a highly porous interconnected p-type NiO-nanoparticle (NiO-np) network, through solvent-assisted grafting. In this study, a hybrid polymer solar cell is demonstrated with a P3HT:PCBM:NiO-np triple-heterojunction active layer which showed greatly improved rectification behaviour, long electron lifetime and generated higher PCE of 4% under AM 1.5 solar illumination with a 75% increase in PCE with respect to the P3HT:PCBM device. The optimum NiO-np amount and active-layer thickness were found to be 2% and 250 nm, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- U W Pradeep
- National Institute of Fundamental Studies, Hantana Road, Kandy 20000, Sri Lanka. Institute of Materials for Electronics and Magnetism (IMEM), Italian National Research Council (CNR), Parco Area delle Scienze 37/A, 43100 Parma, Italy
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Tommasi A, Cocuzza M, Perrone D, Pirri CF, Mosca R, Villani M, Delmonte N, Zappettini A, Calestani D, Marasso SL. Modeling, Fabrication and Testing of a Customizable Micromachined Hotplate for Sensor Applications. Sensors (Basel) 2016; 17:s17010062. [PMID: 28042839 PMCID: PMC5298635 DOI: 10.3390/s17010062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In the sensors field the active sensing material frequently needs a controlled temperature in order to work properly. In microsystems technology, micro-machined hotplates represent a platform consisting of a thin suspended membrane where the sensing material can be deposited, usually integrating electrical stimuli and temperature readout. The micro-hotplate ensures a series of advantages such as miniaturized size, fast response, high sensitivity, low power consumption and selectivity for chemical sensing. This work compares the coplanar and the buried approach for the micro-hotplate heaters design with the aim to optimize the fabrication process and to propose a guideline for the choice of the suitable design with respect to the applications. In particular, robust Finite Element Method (FEM) models are set up in order to predict the electrical and thermal behavior of the micro-hotplates. The multiphysics approach used for the simulation allows to match as close as possible the actual device to the predictive model: geometries, materials, physics have been carefully linked to the fabricated devices to obtain the best possible accuracy. The materials involved in the fabrication process are accurately selected in order to improve the yield of the process and the performance of the devices. The fabricated micro-hotplates are able to warm the active region up to 400 °C (with a corresponding power consumption equal to 250 mW @ 400 °C) with a uniform temperature distribution in the buried micro-hotplate and a controlled temperature gradient in the coplanar one. A response time of about 70 ms was obtained on the virtual model, which perfectly agrees with the one measured on the fabricated device. Besides morphological, electrical and thermal characterizations, this work includes reliability tests in static and dynamic modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Tommasi
- χlab-Materials and Microsystems Laboratory, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino-Via Lungo Piazza d'Armi 6, 10034 Chivasso, Turin, Italy.
| | - Matteo Cocuzza
- χlab-Materials and Microsystems Laboratory, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino-Via Lungo Piazza d'Armi 6, 10034 Chivasso, Turin, Italy.
- Istituto Materiali per Elettronica e Magnetismo, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Parco Area delle Scienze, 37a, 43124 Parma, Italy.
| | - Denis Perrone
- Italian Institute of Technology, Center for Sustainable Futures, C.so Trento 21, 10129 Torino, Italy.
| | - Candido Fabrizio Pirri
- χlab-Materials and Microsystems Laboratory, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino-Via Lungo Piazza d'Armi 6, 10034 Chivasso, Turin, Italy.
- Italian Institute of Technology, Center for Sustainable Futures, C.so Trento 21, 10129 Torino, Italy.
| | - Roberto Mosca
- Istituto Materiali per Elettronica e Magnetismo, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Parco Area delle Scienze, 37a, 43124 Parma, Italy.
| | - Marco Villani
- Istituto Materiali per Elettronica e Magnetismo, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Parco Area delle Scienze, 37a, 43124 Parma, Italy.
| | - Nicola Delmonte
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 181/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
| | - Andrea Zappettini
- Istituto Materiali per Elettronica e Magnetismo, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Parco Area delle Scienze, 37a, 43124 Parma, Italy.
| | - Davide Calestani
- Istituto Materiali per Elettronica e Magnetismo, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Parco Area delle Scienze, 37a, 43124 Parma, Italy.
| | - Simone Luigi Marasso
- χlab-Materials and Microsystems Laboratory, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino-Via Lungo Piazza d'Armi 6, 10034 Chivasso, Turin, Italy.
- Istituto Materiali per Elettronica e Magnetismo, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Parco Area delle Scienze, 37a, 43124 Parma, Italy.
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Marasso SL, Tommasi A, Perrone D, Cocuzza M, Mosca R, Villani M, Zappettini A, Calestani D. A new method to integrate ZnO nano-tetrapods on MEMS micro-hotplates for large scale gas sensor production. Nanotechnology 2016; 27:385503. [PMID: 27532770 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/27/38/385503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
A new method, which is easily scalable to large scale production, has been developed to obtain gas sensor devices based on zinc oxide (ZnO) nanostructures with a 'tetrapod' shape. The method can be easily extended to other kinds of nanostructures and is based on the deposition of ZnO nanostructures through polymeric masks by centrifugation, directly onto properly designed MEMS micro-hotplates. The micromachined devices, after the mask is peeled off, are ready for electrical bonding and sensing test. Sensor response has been successfully measured for some gases and volatile organic compounds with different chemical properties (ethanol, methane, nitrogen dioxide, hydrogen sulfide).
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Marasso
- IMEM-CNR, Parco Area delle Scienze 37/A, Parma-43124 Italy. Chilab-Materials and Microsystems Laboratory, DISAT, Politecnico di Torino, Via Lungo Piazza d'Armi 6, Chivasso, Torino-10034 Italy
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Gentile F, Ferrara L, Villani M, Bettelli M, Iannotta S, Zappettini A, Cesarelli M, Di Fabrizio E, Coppedè N. Geometrical Patterning of Super-Hydrophobic Biosensing Transistors Enables Space and Time Resolved Analysis of Biological Mixtures. Sci Rep 2016; 6:18992. [PMID: 26753611 PMCID: PMC4709515 DOI: 10.1038/srep18992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PEDOT PSS is a conductive polymer that can be integrated into last generation Organic Electrochemical Transistor (OECT) devices for biological inspection, identification and analysis. While a variety of reports in literature demonstrated the chemical and biological sensitivity of these devices, still their ability in resolving complex mixtures remains controversial. Similar OECT devices display good time dynamics behavior but lack spatial resolution. In this work, we integrated PEDOT PSS with patterns of super-hydrophobic pillars in which a finite number of those pillars is independently controlled for site-selective measurement of a solution. We obtained a multifunctional, hierarchical OECT device that bridges the micro- to the nano-scales for specific, combined time and space resolved analysis of the sample. Due to super-hydrophobic surface properties, the biological species in the drop are driven by convection, diffusion, and the externally applied electric field: the balance/unbalance between these forces will cause the molecules to be transported differently within its volume depending on particle size thus realizing a size-selective separation. Within this framework, the separation and identification of two different molecules, namely Cetyl Trimethyl Ammonium Bromid (CTAB) and adrenaline, in a biological mixture have been demonstrated, showing that geometrical control at the micro-nano scale impart unprecedented selectivity to the devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Gentile
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, University of Naples, 80125, Naples, Italy
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Ferrara
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Marco Villani
- IMEM-CNR Parco Area delle Scienze 37/A - 43124 Parma, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Mario Cesarelli
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, University of Naples, 80125, Naples, Italy
| | - Enzo Di Fabrizio
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nicola Coppedè
- IMEM-CNR Parco Area delle Scienze 37/A - 43124 Parma, Italy
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Bonnini E, Buffagni E, Zappettini A, Doyle S, Ferrari C. Surface-treated self-standing curved crystals as high-efficiency elements for X- and γ-ray optics: theory and experiment. J Appl Crystallogr 2015; 48:666-671. [PMID: 26089758 PMCID: PMC4453971 DOI: 10.1107/s1600576715006809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
It is demonstrated that crystals with curved diffracting planes made of relatively light elements, such as silicon, germanium and gallium arsenide, in the Laue diffraction geometry and in an energy range between 60 and 600 keV can reach a higher diffraction efficiency than more dense mosaic crystals such as copper, silver and gold. In particular, self-standing curved crystals can be used as elements in γ-ray lenses. The efficiency of a Laue lens for X- and γ-ray focusing in the energy range 60–600 keV is closely linked to the diffraction efficiency of the single crystals composing the lens. A powerful focusing system is crucial for applications like medical imaging and X-ray astronomy where wide beams must be focused. Mosaic crystals with a high density, such as Cu or Au, and bent crystals with curved diffracting planes (CDPs) are considered for the realization of a focusing system for γ-rays, owing to their high diffraction efficiency in a predetermined angular range. In this work, a comparison of the efficiency of CDP crystals and Cu and Au mosaic crystals was performed on the basis of the theory of X-ray diffraction. Si, GaAs and Ge CDP crystals with optimized thicknesses and moderate radii of curvature of several tens of metres demonstrate comparable or superior performance with respect to the higher atomic number mosaic crystals generally used. In order to increase the efficiency of the lens further, a stack of several CDP crystals is proposed as an optical element. CDP crystals were obtained by a surface-damage method, and a stack of two surface-damaged bent Si crystals was prepared and tested. Rocking curves of the stack were performed with synchrotron radiation at 19 keV to check the lattice alignment: they exhibited only one diffraction peak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Bonnini
- IMEM Institute, National Research Council, Parco Area delle Science 37/A, Parma 43124, Italy ; Department of Physics and Earth Sciences, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Science 7/A, Parma 43124, Italy
| | - Elisa Buffagni
- IMEM Institute, National Research Council, Parco Area delle Science 37/A, Parma 43124, Italy ; MIST E-R Laboratory S.c.r.l., via P. Gobetti 101, Bologna 40129, Italy
| | - Andrea Zappettini
- IMEM Institute, National Research Council, Parco Area delle Science 37/A, Parma 43124, Italy
| | - Stephen Doyle
- Synchrotron Light Source ANKA, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany
| | - Claudio Ferrari
- IMEM Institute, National Research Council, Parco Area delle Science 37/A, Parma 43124, Italy
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48
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Marmiroli M, Pagano L, Pasquali F, Zappettini A, Tosato V, Bruschi CV, Marmiroli N. A genome-wide nanotoxicology screen of Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutants reveals the basis for cadmium sulphide quantum dot tolerance and sensitivity. Nanotoxicology 2015; 10:84-93. [PMID: 25938282 DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2015.1019586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The use of cadmium sulphide quantum dots (CdS QDs) is increasing, particularly in the electronics industry. Their size (1-10 nm in diameter) is, however, such that they can be taken up by living cells. Here, a bakers' yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) deletion mutant collection has been exploited to provide a high-throughput means of revealing the genetic basis for tolerance/susceptibility to CdS QD exposure. The deletion of 112 genes, some associated with the abiotic stress response, some with various metabolic processes, some with mitochondrial organization, some with transport and some with DNA repair, reduced the level of tolerance to CdS QDs. A gene ontology analysis highlighted the role of oxidative stress in determining the cellular response. The transformation of sensitive mutants with centromeric plasmids harbouring DNA from a wild type strain restored the wild type growth phenotype when the complemented genes encoded either HSC82, DSK2 or ALD3. The use of these simple eukaryote knock-out mutants for functional toxicogenomic analysis will inform studies focusing on higher organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Marmiroli
- a Department of Life Sciences , University of Parma , Parma , Italy
| | - L Pagano
- a Department of Life Sciences , University of Parma , Parma , Italy
| | - F Pasquali
- a Department of Life Sciences , University of Parma , Parma , Italy
| | | | - V Tosato
- c Yeast Molecular Genetics Laboratory, International Centre of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology , Trieste , Italy
| | - C V Bruschi
- c Yeast Molecular Genetics Laboratory, International Centre of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology , Trieste , Italy
| | - N Marmiroli
- a Department of Life Sciences , University of Parma , Parma , Italy
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49
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Picciolini S, Castagnetti N, Vanna R, Mehn D, Bedoni M, Gramatica F, Villani M, Calestani D, Pavesi M, Lazzarini L, Zappettini A, Morasso C. Branched gold nanoparticles on ZnO 3D architecture as biomedical SERS sensors. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra13280k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a new 3D surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy substrate made of branched gold nanoparticles supported on ZnO tetrapods that was proved to be effective in different biomedical application such as drug detection and cancer cells analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Picciolini
- LABION – Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Clinical Biophotonics
- Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS
- Milan
- Italy
| | | | - R. Vanna
- LABION – Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Clinical Biophotonics
- Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS
- Milan
- Italy
| | - D. Mehn
- LABION – Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Clinical Biophotonics
- Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS
- Milan
- Italy
| | - M. Bedoni
- LABION – Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Clinical Biophotonics
- Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS
- Milan
- Italy
| | - F. Gramatica
- LABION – Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Clinical Biophotonics
- Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS
- Milan
- Italy
| | | | | | - M. Pavesi
- Parma University
- Phys. Dept
- Parma
- Italy
| | | | | | - C. Morasso
- LABION – Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Clinical Biophotonics
- Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS
- Milan
- Italy
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50
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Marmiroli M, Imperiale D, Pagano L, Villani M, Zappettini A, Marmiroli N. The Proteomic Response of Arabidopsis thaliana to Cadmium Sulfide Quantum Dots, and Its Correlation with the Transcriptomic Response. Front Plant Sci 2015; 6:1104. [PMID: 26732871 PMCID: PMC4679877 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.01104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 11/22/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
A fuller understanding of the interaction between plants and engineered nanomaterials is of topical relevance because the latter are beginning to find applications in agriculture and the food industry. There is a growing need to establish objective safety criteria for their use. The recognition of two independent Arabidopsis thaliana mutants displaying a greater level of tolerance than the wild type plant to exposure to cadmium sulfide quantum dots (CdS QDs) has offered the opportunity to characterize the tolerance response at the physiological, transcriptomic, and proteomic levels. Here, a proteomics-based comparison confirmed the conclusions drawn from an earlier transcriptomic analysis that the two mutants responded to CdS QD exposure differently both to the wild type and to each other. Just over half of the proteomic changes mirrored documented changes at the level of gene transcription, but a substantial number of transcript/gene product pairs were altered in the opposite direction. An interpretation of the discrepancies is given, along with some considerations regarding the use and significance of -omics when monitoring the potential toxicity of ENMs for health and environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Marmiroli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of ParmaParma, Italy
- *Correspondence: Marta Marmiroli
| | | | - Luca Pagano
- Department of Life Sciences, University of ParmaParma, Italy
| | - Marco Villani
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Magnetism (IMEM-CNR)Parma, Italy
| | - Andrea Zappettini
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Magnetism (IMEM-CNR)Parma, Italy
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