1
|
Mahani FF, Astorga LAM, Choi HW, Mokhtari A, Berini P. Plasmonic slanted slit gratings for efficient through-substrate light-plasmon coupling and sensing. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2084. [PMID: 38267488 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52564-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
We present an experimental study of plasmonic slanted slit gratings (PSSGs) designed to achieve directional coupling between an incident light beam and surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) propagating along the surface of the structure. We also investigate mirrored PSSG pairs interconnected by a plasmonic slab waveguide. The structures are fabricated using direct milling by a gallium focused ion beam (FIB). In a mirrored pair arrangement, the first PSSG couples a perpendicularly-incident light beam to SPPs propagating in one direction along the waveguide, while the second PSSG decouples SPPs to perpendicularly-emerging light. This configuration shows promise for sensing applications due to the high sensitivity of the excited SPPs to changes in the refractive index of the bounding medium, and the separation of the optics from the fluidics by the substrate. The design also exhibits robustness to fabrication tolerances. The optical characteristics and sensing potential are investigated theoretically and experimentally, highlighting its potential for a wide range of applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Fouladi Mahani
- Optical and RF Communication Systems (ORCS) Lab, Electrical Engineering Department, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, 7616913439, Iran
| | - Luis Angel Mayoral Astorga
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Hyung Woo Choi
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Arash Mokhtari
- Optical and RF Communication Systems (ORCS) Lab, Electrical Engineering Department, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, 7616913439, Iran.
| | - Pierre Berini
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mahani FF, Mokhtari A, Berini P. Plasmonic Biosensor on the End-Facet of a Dual-Core Single-Mode Optical Fiber. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:bios13050558. [PMID: 37232919 DOI: 10.3390/bios13050558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Optical biosensors target widespread applications, such as drug discovery, medical diagnostics, food quality control, and environmental monitoring. Here, we propose a novel plasmonic biosensor on the end-facet of a dual-core single-mode optical fiber. The concept uses slanted metal gratings on each core, interconnected by a metal stripe biosensing waveguide to couple the cores via the propagation of surface plasmons along the end facet. The scheme enables operation in transmission (core-to-core), thereby eliminating the need to separate the reflected light from the incident light. Importantly, this simplifies and reduces the cost of the interrogation setup because a broadband polarization-maintaining optical fiber coupler or circulator is not required. The proposed biosensor enables remote sensing because the interrogation optoelectronics can be located remotely. In vivo biosensing and brain studies are also enabled because the end-facet can be inserted into a living body, once properly packaged. It can also be dipped into a vial, precluding the need for microfluidic channels or pumps. Bulk sensitivities of 880 nm/RIU and surface sensitivities of 1 nm/nm are predicted under spectral interrogation using cross-correlation analysis. The configuration is embodied by robust and experimentally realizable designs that can be fabricated, e.g., using metal evaporation and focused ion beam milling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Fouladi Mahani
- Optical and RF Communication Systems (ORCS) Lab, Electrical Engineering Department, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman 7616913439, Iran
| | - Arash Mokhtari
- Optical and RF Communication Systems (ORCS) Lab, Electrical Engineering Department, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman 7616913439, Iran
| | - Pierre Berini
- Department of Physics, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Du B, Xu Y, Zhang L, Zhang Y. Plasmonic Functionality of Optical Fiber Tips: Mechanisms, Fabrications, and Applications. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:ma16093596. [PMID: 37176478 PMCID: PMC10180505 DOI: 10.3390/ma16093596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Optical fiber tips with the flat end-facets functionalized take the special advantages of easy fabrication, compactness, and ready-integration among the community of optical fiber devices. Combined with plasmonic structures, the fiber tips draw a significant growth of interest addressing diverse functions. This review aims to present and summarize the plasmonic functionality of optical fiber tips with the current state of the art. Firstly, the mechanisms of plasmonic phenomena are introduced in order to illustrate the tip-compatible plasmonic nanostructures. Then, the strategies of plasmonic functionalities on fiber tips are analyzed and compared. Moreover, the classical applications of plasmonic fiber tips are reviewed. Finally, the challenges and prospects for future opportunities are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bobo Du
- Key Laboratory of Physical Electronics and Devices of Ministry of Education and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Information Photonic Technique, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Yunfan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Physical Electronics and Devices of Ministry of Education and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Information Photonic Technique, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Physical Electronics and Devices of Ministry of Education and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Information Photonic Technique, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Yanpeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Physical Electronics and Devices of Ministry of Education and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Information Photonic Technique, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Li X, Wang N, Wang F, Liu J, Shi Y, Jiang J, Liu H, Li M, Zhang L, Zhang W, Zhao Y, Zhang L, Huang C. A parylene-mediated plasmonic-photonic hybrid fiber-optic sensor and its instrumentation for miniaturized and self-referenced biosensing. Analyst 2023; 148:1672-1681. [PMID: 36939193 DOI: 10.1039/d3an00028a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
With the development of advanced nanofabrication techniques over the past decades, different nanostructure-based plasmonic fiber-optic sensors have been developed and have presented a low limit of detection for various biomolecules. However, owing to both the dependence on complex equipment and the trade-off between the fabrication cost and sensing performance, nanostructured plasmonic fiber-optic sensors are rarely used outside laboratories. To facilitate wider application of the plasmonic fiber-optic sensors, a parylene-mediated hybrid plasmonic-photonic cavity-based sensor was developed. Compared with a similar plasmonic sensor which only works in the plasmonic mode, the proposed hybrid sensor shows a higher reproducibility (CV < 2.5%) due to its resistance to fabrication variations. Meanwhile, a self-referenced detection mechanism and a novel miniaturized system were developed to adapt to the hybrid resonance sensor. The entire system only has a weight of 263 g, and a size of 12 cm × 10 cm × 8 cm, and is especially suitable for outdoor applications in a handheld manner. In experiments, a high refractive index sensitivity of 3.148 RIU-1 and real-time biomolecule monitoring at nanomolar concentrations were achieved by the proposed system, further confirming the potential of the miniaturized system as a candidate for point-of-care health diagnostics outside laboratories.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Institute of Microelectronics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.,School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Nanxi Wang
- Institute of Microelectronics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Institute of Microelectronics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jinlong Liu
- Institute of Microelectronics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yimin Shi
- Institute of Microelectronics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.,School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jiahong Jiang
- Institute of Microelectronics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Hongyao Liu
- Institute of Microelectronics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Mingxiao Li
- Institute of Microelectronics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Lina Zhang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, 101149, China
| | - Wenchang Zhang
- Institute of Microelectronics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Yang Zhao
- Institute of Microelectronics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Lingqian Zhang
- Institute of Microelectronics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Chengjun Huang
- Institute of Microelectronics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.,School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Cai J, Liu Y, Shu X. Long-Period Fiber Grating Sensors for Chemical and Biomedical Applications. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:542. [PMID: 36617140 PMCID: PMC9823881 DOI: 10.3390/s23010542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Optical fiber biosensors (OFBS) are being increasingly proposed due to their intrinsic advantages over conventional sensors, including their compactness, potential remote control and immunity to electromagnetic interference. This review systematically introduces the advances of OFBS based on long-period fiber gratings (LPFGs) for chemical and biomedical applications from the perspective of design and functionalization. The sensitivity of such a sensor can be enhanced by designing the device working at or near the dispersion turning point, or working around the mode transition, or their combination. In addition, several common functionalization methods are summarized in detail, such as the covalent immobilization of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) silanization and graphene oxide (GO) functionalization, and the noncovalent immobilization of the layer-by-layer assembly method. Moreover, reflective LPFG-based sensors with different configurations have also been introduced. This work aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of LPFG-based biosensors and to suggest some future directions for exploration.
Collapse
|
6
|
Polley N, Sardar S, Werner P, Gersonde I, Kanehira Y, Bald I, Repp D, Pertsch T, Pacholski C. Photothermomechanical Nanopump: A Flow-Through Plasmonic Sensor at the Fiber Tip. ACS NANO 2022; 17:1403-1413. [PMID: 36414479 PMCID: PMC9878711 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c09938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Optical fibers equipped with plasmonic flow sensors at their tips are fabricated and investigated as photothermomechanical nanopumps for the active transport of target analytes to the sensor surface. The nanopumps are prepared using a bottom-up strategy: i.e., by sequentially stacking a monolayer of a thermoresponsive polymer and a plasmonic nanohole array on an optical fiber tip. The temperature-dependent collapse and swelling of the polymer is used to create a flow-through pumping mechanism. The heat required for pumping is generated by exploiting the photothermal effect in the plasmonic nanohole array upon irradiation with laser light (405 nm). Simultaneous detection of analytes by the plasmonic sensor is achieved by monitoring changes in its optical response at longer wavelengths (∼500-800 nm). Active mass transport by pumping through the holes of the plasmonic nanohole array is visualized by particle imaging velocimetry. Finally, the performance of the photothermomechanical nanopumps is investigated for two types of analytes, namely nanoscale objects (gold nanoparticles) and molecules (11-mercaptoundecanoic acid). In the presence of the pumping mechanism, a 4-fold increase in sensitivity was observed compared to the purely photothermal effect, demonstrating the potential of the presented photothermomechanical nanopumps for sensing applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nabarun Polley
- University
of Potsdam, Institute of Chemistry,
Physical Chemistry−innoFSPEC, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- University
of Potsdam, Institute of Chemistry, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Samim Sardar
- Center
for Nano Science and Technology@PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Peter Werner
- University
of Potsdam, Institute of Chemistry,
Physical Chemistry−innoFSPEC, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- University
of Potsdam, Institute of Chemistry, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Ingo Gersonde
- University
of Potsdam, Institute of Chemistry,
Physical Chemistry−innoFSPEC, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Yuya Kanehira
- University
of Potsdam, Institute of Chemistry, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Ilko Bald
- University
of Potsdam, Institute of Chemistry,
Physical Chemistry−innoFSPEC, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- University
of Potsdam, Institute of Chemistry, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Daniel Repp
- Institute
of Applied Physics, Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Thomas Pertsch
- Institute
of Applied Physics, Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Max
Planck School of Photonics, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Claudia Pacholski
- University
of Potsdam, Institute of Chemistry,
Physical Chemistry−innoFSPEC, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- University
of Potsdam, Institute of Chemistry, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
A method for the controllable fabrication of optical fiber-based localized surface plasmon resonance sensors. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9566. [PMID: 35688862 PMCID: PMC9187767 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13707-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Optical fiber-based Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance (OF-LSPR) biosensors have emerged as an ultra-sensitive miniaturized tool for a great variety of applications. Their fabrication by the chemical immobilization of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) on the optic fiber end face is a simple and versatile method. However, it can render poor reproducibility given the number of parameters that influence the binding of the AuNPs. In order to develop a method to obtain OF-LSPR sensors with high reproducibility, we studied the effect that factors such as temperature, AuNPs concentration, fiber core size and time of immersion had on the number and aggregation of AuNPs on the surface of the fibers and their resonance signal. Our method consisted in controlling the deposition of a determined AuNPs density on the tip of the fiber by measuring its LSPR signal (or plasmonic signal, Sp) in real-time. Sensors created thus were used to measure changes in the refractive index of their surroundings and the results showed that, as the number of AuNPs on the probes increased, the changes in the Sp maximum values were ever lower but the wavelength shifts were higher. These results highlighted the relevance of controlling the relationship between the sensor composition and its performance.
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
Point-of-care and in-vivo bio-diagnostic tools are the current need for the present critical scenarios in the healthcare industry. The past few decades have seen a surge in research activities related to solving the challenges associated with precise on-site bio-sensing. Cutting-edge fiber optic technology enables the interaction of light with functionalized fiber surfaces at remote locations to develop a novel, miniaturized and cost-effective lab on fiber technology for bio-sensing applications. The recent remarkable developments in the field of nanotechnology provide innumerable functionalization methodologies to develop selective bio-recognition elements for label free biosensors. These exceptional methods may be easily integrated with fiber surfaces to provide highly selective light-matter interaction depending on various transduction mechanisms. In the present review, an overview of optical fiber-based biosensors has been provided with focus on physical principles used, along with the functionalization protocols for the detection of various biological analytes to diagnose the disease. The design and performance of these biosensors in terms of operating range, selectivity, response time and limit of detection have been discussed. In the concluding remarks, the challenges associated with these biosensors and the improvement required to develop handheld devices to enable direct target detection have been highlighted.
Collapse
|
9
|
Loyez M, DeRosa MC, Caucheteur C, Wattiez R. Overview and emerging trends in optical fiber aptasensing. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 196:113694. [PMID: 34637994 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Optical fiber biosensors have attracted growing interest over the last decade and quickly became a key enabling technology, especially for the detection of biomarkers at extremely low concentrations and in small volumes. Among the many and recent fiber-optic sensing amenities, aptamers-based sensors have shown unequalled performances in terms of ease of production, specificity, and sensitivity. The immobilization of small and highly stable bioreceptors such as DNA has bolstered their use for the most varied applications e.g., medical diagnosis, food safety and environmental monitoring. This review highlights the recent advances in aptamer-based optical fiber biosensors. An in-depth analysis of the literature summarizes different fiber-optic structures and biochemical strategies for molecular detection and immobilization of receptors over diverse surfaces. In this review, we analyze the features offered by those sensors and discuss about the next challenges to be addressed. This overview investigates both biochemical and optical parameters, drawing the guiding lines for forthcoming innovations and prospects in this ever-growing field of research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Médéric Loyez
- Proteomics and Microbiology Department, University of Mons, Avenue du Champ de Mars 6, 7000, Mons, Belgium; Electromagnetism and Telecommunication Department, University of Mons, Bld. Dolez 31, 7000, Mons, Belgium.
| | - Maria C DeRosa
- Department of Chemistry, 203 Steacie Building, Carleton University, 1125, Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Christophe Caucheteur
- Electromagnetism and Telecommunication Department, University of Mons, Bld. Dolez 31, 7000, Mons, Belgium
| | - Ruddy Wattiez
- Proteomics and Microbiology Department, University of Mons, Avenue du Champ de Mars 6, 7000, Mons, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wang G, Wang L, Cheng Z, Chen D, Zhang X, Wang T, Wang Q, Fu Y. High-performance plasmonic lab-on-fiber sensing system constructed by universal polymer assisted transfer technique. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 33:095502. [PMID: 34814122 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac3c7d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic lab-on-fiber (LOF) system has become an emerging sensing platform for the realization of miniaturized and portable plasmonic sensors. Herein, a facile and efficient polymer assisted transfer technique was reported for the preparation of plasmonic LOF systems. The proposed plasmonic LOF system was constructed through transferring plasmonic arrays to the end surface of optical fibers using polylactic acid as the sacrificial layer. The morphology of the transferred plasmonic arrays maintains excellent consistency with the original arrays. Importantly, the as-prepared plasmonic LOF system also possesses outstanding sensing performance in refractive index sensing and quantitative label-free biosensing applications. Additionally, the proposed polymer assisted transfer technique shows broad universality for various plasmonic arrays. Together with the above features, it is believed that the polymer assisted transfer technique will show great potential for the application of future plasmonic LOF systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guangrong Wang
- College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Wang
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhan Cheng
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Chen
- College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuemin Zhang
- College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, People's Republic of China
| | - Tieqiang Wang
- College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Wang
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Fu
- College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ali N, Azzuhri SR, Johari MAM, Rashid H, Khudus MIMA, Razak MZA, Chen Z, Misran N, Arsad N. Effects of Tungsten Disulphide Coating on Tapered Microfiber for Relative Humidity Sensing Applications. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21217132. [PMID: 34770442 PMCID: PMC8587630 DOI: 10.3390/s21217132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Tungsten disulphide (WS2) is a two-dimensional transition-metal dichalcogenide material that can be used to improve the sensitivity of a variety of sensing applications. This study investigated the effect of WS2 coating on tapered region microfiber (MF) for relative humidity (RH) sensing applications. The flame brushing technique was used to taper the standard single-mode fiber (SMF) into three different waist diameter sizes of MF 2, 5, and 10 µm, respectively. The MFs were then coated with WS2 via a facile deposition method called the drop-casting technique. Since the MF had a strong evanescent field that allowed fast near-field interaction between the guided light and the environment, depositing WS2 onto the tapered region produced high humidity sensor sensitivity. The experiments were repeated three times to measure the average transmitted power, presenting repeatability and sensing stability. Each MF sample size was tested with varying humidity levels. Furthermore, the coated and non-coated MF performances were compared in the RH range of 45–90% RH at room temperature. It was found that the WS2 coating on 2 µm MF had a high sensitivity of 0.0861 dB/% RH with linearity over 99%. Thus, MF coated with WS2 encourages enhancement in the evanescent field effect in optical fiber humidity sensor applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Norazida Ali
- Department of Electrical, Electronic and System Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Malaysia; (N.A.); (H.R.); (N.M.)
| | - Saaidal Razalli Azzuhri
- Department of Computer System and Technology, Faculty of Computer Science and IT, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia;
| | - Md Ashadi Md Johari
- Faculty of Engineering Technology, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Melaka 76100, Malaysia;
| | - Haroon Rashid
- Department of Electrical, Electronic and System Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Malaysia; (N.A.); (H.R.); (N.M.)
| | | | - Mohd. Zulhakimi Ab. Razak
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Malaysia;
| | - Zhe Chen
- Department of Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan University, Road Huangpu, District Tianhe, Guangzhou 510632, China;
| | - Norbahiah Misran
- Department of Electrical, Electronic and System Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Malaysia; (N.A.); (H.R.); (N.M.)
| | - Norhana Arsad
- Department of Electrical, Electronic and System Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Malaysia; (N.A.); (H.R.); (N.M.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Silver plasmonic colour change due to chemical/mechanical reactions. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.127221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
13
|
Surface Plasmonic Sensors: Sensing Mechanism and Recent Applications. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21165262. [PMID: 34450704 PMCID: PMC8401600 DOI: 10.3390/s21165262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Surface plasmonic sensors have been widely used in biology, chemistry, and environment monitoring. These sensors exhibit extraordinary sensitivity based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) or localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effects, and they have found commercial applications. In this review, we present recent progress in the field of surface plasmonic sensors, mainly in the configurations of planar metastructures and optical-fiber waveguides. In the metastructure platform, the optical sensors based on LSPR, hyperbolic dispersion, Fano resonance, and two-dimensional (2D) materials integration are introduced. The optical-fiber sensors integrated with LSPR/SPR structures and 2D materials are summarized. We also introduce the recent advances in quantum plasmonic sensing beyond the classical shot noise limit. The challenges and opportunities in this field are discussed.
Collapse
|
14
|
Ortega-Gomez A, Loyez M, Lobry M, Chah K, Zubia J, Villatoro J, Caucheteur C. Plasmonic sensors based on tilted Bragg gratings in multicore optical fibers. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:18469-18480. [PMID: 34154102 DOI: 10.1364/oe.430181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Bare and gold-coated tilted fiber Bragg gratings (TFBGs) can nowadays be considered as a mature technology for volume and surface refractometric sensing, respectively. As for other technologies, a continuous effort is made towards the production of even more sensitive sensors, thereby enabling a high-resolution screening of the surroundings and the possible detection of rare events. To this aim, we study in this work the development of TFBG refractometers in 4-core fibers. In particular, we show that the refractometric sensitivity of the cut-off mode can reach 100 nm/RIU for a bare grating. Using another demodulation method, a tenfold sensitivity increase is obtained when tracking the extremum of the SPR (surface plasmon resonance) envelope for a gold-coated TFBG configuration. Immobilization of DNA probes was performed as a proof-of-concept to assess the high surface sensitivity of the device.
Collapse
|
15
|
S. S. dos Santos P, M. M. M. de Almeida J, Pastoriza-Santos I, C. C. Coelho L. Advances in Plasmonic Sensing at the NIR-A Review. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:2111. [PMID: 33802958 PMCID: PMC8002678 DOI: 10.3390/s21062111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) are among the most common and powerful label-free refractive index-based biosensing techniques available nowadays. Focusing on LSPR sensors, their performance is highly dependent on the size, shape, and nature of the nanomaterial employed. Indeed, the tailoring of those parameters allows the development of LSPR sensors with a tunable wavelength range between the ultra-violet (UV) and near infra-red (NIR). Furthermore, dealing with LSPR along optical fiber technology, with their low attenuation coefficients at NIR, allow for the possibility to create ultra-sensitive and long-range sensing networks to be deployed in a variety of both biological and chemical sensors. This work provides a detailed review of the key science underpinning such systems as well as recent progress in the development of several LSPR-based biosensors in the NIR wavelengths, including an overview of the LSPR phenomena along recent developments in the field of nanomaterials and nanostructure development towards NIR sensing. The review ends with a consideration of key advances in terms of nanostructure characteristics for LSPR sensing and prospects for future research and advances in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paulo S. S. dos Santos
- INESC TEC—Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering, Technology and Science, and Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal;
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - José M. M. M. de Almeida
- Department of Physics, School of Science and Technology, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
| | - Isabel Pastoriza-Santos
- CINBIO, Universidade de Vigo, Campus Universitario Lagoas, Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain;
- SERGAS-UVIGO, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), 36312 Vigo, Spain
| | - Luís C. C. Coelho
- INESC TEC—Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering, Technology and Science, and Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal;
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Recent progress in surface plasmon resonance based sensors: A comprehensive review. Heliyon 2021; 7:e06321. [PMID: 33869818 PMCID: PMC8035490 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the recent years, researchers have contributed substantially in the field of Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) sensors and its applications. SPR sensors show the salient features, such as label-free detection, real-time monitoring, small sample size, furnish accurate outcomes at low cost, and smooth handling. Moreover, the SPR sensors are also well-known because of its quantitative and qualitative excellent performance in real-time applications, including drug discovery, environment monitoring, food safety, medical diagnosis, clinical diagnosis, biological studies, and biomolecule interactions. This paper exhibits a comprehensive review of SPR based sensors, such as prism-based SPR with the applications (e.g., biomolecule interaction, medical diagnostic, etc.), fiber-based SPR, and waveguide-based SPR. Furthermore, we summarized the modern designs and techniques with their limitations and challenges in detail. The erudition outlined in this paper can be given an exceptional benefit for the researchers and industry people in the field of SPR based sensors.
Collapse
|
17
|
Lee S, Song H, Ahn H, Kim S, Choi JR, Kim K. Fiber-Optic Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensors Based on Nanomaterials. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21030819. [PMID: 33530416 PMCID: PMC7865415 DOI: 10.3390/s21030819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Applying fiber-optics on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensors is aimed at practical usability over conventional SPR sensors. Recently, field localization techniques using nanostructures or nanoparticles have been investigated on optical fibers for further sensitivity enhancement and significant target selectivity. In this review article, we explored varied recent research approaches of fiber-optics based localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) sensors. The article contains interesting experimental results using fiber-optic LSPR sensors for three different application categories: (1) chemical reactions measurements, (2) physical properties measurements, and (3) biological events monitoring. In addition, novel techniques which can create synergy combined with fiber-optic LSPR sensors were introduced. The review article suggests fiber-optic LSPR sensors have lots of potential for measurements of varied targets with high sensitivity. Moreover, the previous results show that the sensitivity enhancements which can be applied with creative varied plasmonic nanomaterials make it possible to detect minute changes including quick chemical reactions and tiny molecular activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seunghun Lee
- Departments of Congo-Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (S.L.); (H.S.); (H.A.); (S.K.)
| | - Hyerin Song
- Departments of Congo-Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (S.L.); (H.S.); (H.A.); (S.K.)
| | - Heesang Ahn
- Departments of Congo-Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (S.L.); (H.S.); (H.A.); (S.K.)
| | - Seungchul Kim
- Departments of Congo-Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (S.L.); (H.S.); (H.A.); (S.K.)
- Department of Optics and Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Jong-ryul Choi
- Medical Device Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (DGMIF), Daegu 41061, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.-r.C.); (K.K.)
| | - Kyujung Kim
- Departments of Congo-Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (S.L.); (H.S.); (H.A.); (S.K.)
- Department of Optics and Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.-r.C.); (K.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Joseph S, Sarkar S, Joseph J. Grating-Coupled Surface Plasmon-Polariton Sensing at a Flat Metal-Analyte Interface in a Hybrid-Configuration. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:46519-46529. [PMID: 32962344 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c12525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Surface plasmon resonance-based sensors have emerged as commercially fostering portable biodetectors. The scientific community is engaged in extensive research to improve their performance in terms of sensitivity, selectivity, and reproducibility for the recognition of specific biomolecules. Essentially, there is a need for miniaturizing the size of existing sensors with innovative designs without compromising their bioaffinity and sensitivity performance. In this work, we propose and demonstrate a grating-coupled surface plasmon polariton (SPP) sensor on a thin flat gold layer using a hybrid configuration. The proof of concept of the grating architecture has been realized through an innovative fabrication procedure, with experimental verification of its bulk sensitivity. The geometry is identical to the prism-coupling configuration, yet with miniaturization and compactness. Characteristics of the excited modes in the spectral regime of interest are investigated using the finite-difference time-domain simulations. The effective index calculation of the resonance conditions and the accompanying field distribution can identify the excited SPP and metal-assisted guided-mode resonance modes. Detailed probing of the electric field distribution of the desired SPP mode reveals an extended evanescent decay length of 1284 nm, close to the theoretical limit, and an extended propagation length of 270 μm. The experimental demonstration of the reflectance dip with two different analyte media perceived an increased bulk sensitivity of 1133 nm/RIU. Remarkably, this resonant mode exhibits sensing capabilities for a wide range of analyte refractive indexes. We believe that the fabricated configuration with observed high sensitivity and calculated ultradeep evanescent field penetration depth along with extended propagation length can lead to the designing of a hands-on biochip for detecting large biomolecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shereena Joseph
- Photonics Research Lab, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Swagato Sarkar
- Photonics Research Lab, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Joby Joseph
- Photonics Research Lab, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Li J, Wang H, Li Z, Su Z, Zhu Y. Preparation and Application of Metal Nanoparticals Elaborated Fiber Sensors. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20185155. [PMID: 32927607 PMCID: PMC7570743 DOI: 10.3390/s20185155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, surface plasmon resonance devices (SPR, or named plamonics) have attracted much more attention because of their great prospects in breaking through the optical diffraction limit and developing new photons and sensing devices. At the same time, the combination of SPR and optical fiber promotes the development of the compact micro-probes with high-performance and the integration of fiber and planar waveguide. Different from the long-range SPR of planar metal nano-films, the local-SPR (LSPR) effect can be excited by incident light on the surface of nano-scaled metal particles, resulting in local enhanced light field, i.e., optical hot spot. Metal nano-particles-modified optical fiber LSPR sensor has high sensitivity and compact structure, which can realize the real-time monitoring of physical parameters, environmental parameters (temperature, humidity), and biochemical molecules (pH value, gas-liquid concentration, protein molecules, viruses). In this paper, both fabrication and application of the metal nano-particles modified optical fiber LSPR sensor probe are reviewed, and its future development is predicted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Li
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China; (H.W.); (Z.L.); (Z.S.); (Y.Z.)
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China
- Key Laboratory of Data Analytics and Optimization for Smart Industry (Northeastern University), Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110819, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Haoru Wang
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China; (H.W.); (Z.L.); (Z.S.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Zhi Li
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China; (H.W.); (Z.L.); (Z.S.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Zhengcheng Su
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China; (H.W.); (Z.L.); (Z.S.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yue Zhu
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China; (H.W.); (Z.L.); (Z.S.); (Y.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Barroso J, Ortega-Gomez A, Calatayud-Sanchez A, Zubia J, Benito-Lopez F, Villatoro J, Basabe-Desmonts L. Selective Ultrasensitive Optical Fiber Nanosensors Based on Plasmon Resonance Energy Transfer. ACS Sens 2020; 5:2018-2024. [PMID: 32241107 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.0c00418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The facet of optical fibers coated with nanostructures enables the development of ultraminiature and sensitive (bio)chemical sensors. The sensors reported until now lack specificity, and the fabrication methods offer poor reproducibility. Here, we demonstrate that by transforming the facet of conventional multimode optical fibers onto plasmon resonance energy transfer antenna surfaces, the specificity issues may be overcome. To do so, a low-cost chemical approach was developed to immobilize gold nanoparticles on the optical fiber facet in a reproducible and controlled manner. Our nanosensors are highly selective as plasmon resonance energy transfer is a nanospectroscopic effect that only occurs when the resonance wavelength of the nanoparticles matches that of the target parameter. As an example, we demonstrate the selective detection of picomolar concentrations of copper ions in water. Our sensor is 1000 times more sensitive than the state-of-the-art technologies. An additional advantage of our nanosensors is their simple interrogation; it comprises of a low-power light-emitting diode, a multimode optical fiber coupler, and a miniature spectrometer. We believe that the plasmon resonance energy transfer-based fiber-optic platform reported here may pave the way for the development of a new generation of ultraminiature, portable, and hypersensitive and selective (bio)chemical sensors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Barroso
- BIOMICs-Microfluidics Research Group, Microfluidics Cluster UPV/EHU, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Alava 01006, Spain
- AMMa LOAC Research Group, Microfluidics Cluster UPV/EHU, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Alava 01006, Spain
| | - Angel Ortega-Gomez
- Department of Communications Engineering, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao 48013, Spain
| | - Alba Calatayud-Sanchez
- BIOMICs-Microfluidics Research Group, Microfluidics Cluster UPV/EHU, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Alava 01006, Spain
- AMMa LOAC Research Group, Microfluidics Cluster UPV/EHU, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Alava 01006, Spain
| | - Joseba Zubia
- Department of Communications Engineering, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao 48013, Spain
| | - Fernando Benito-Lopez
- AMMa LOAC Research Group, Microfluidics Cluster UPV/EHU, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Alava 01006, Spain
| | - Joel Villatoro
- Department of Communications Engineering, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao 48013, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao 48013, Spain
| | - Lourdes Basabe-Desmonts
- BIOMICs-Microfluidics Research Group, Microfluidics Cluster UPV/EHU, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Alava 01006, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao 48013, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Qi M, Zhang NMY, Li K, Tjin SC, Wei L. Hybrid Plasmonic Fiber-Optic Sensors. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 20:E3266. [PMID: 32521770 PMCID: PMC7308908 DOI: 10.3390/s20113266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
With the increasing demand of achieving comprehensive perception in every aspect of life, optical fibers have shown great potential in various applications due to their highly-sensitive, highly-integrated, flexible and real-time sensing capabilities. Among various sensing mechanisms, plasmonics based fiber-optic sensors provide remarkable sensitivity benefiting from their outstanding plasmon-matter interaction. Therefore, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and localized SPR (LSPR)-based hybrid fiber-optic sensors have captured intensive research attention. Conventionally, SPR- or LSPR-based hybrid fiber-optic sensors rely on the resonant electron oscillations of thin metallic films or metallic nanoparticles functionalized on fiber surfaces. Coupled with the new advances in functional nanomaterials as well as fiber structure design and fabrication in recent years, new solutions continue to emerge to further improve the fiber-optic plasmonic sensors' performances in terms of sensitivity, specificity and biocompatibility. For instance, 2D materials like graphene can enhance the surface plasmon intensity at the metallic film surface due to the plasmon-matter interaction. Two-dimensional (2D) morphology of transition metal oxides can be doped with abundant free electrons to facilitate intrinsic plasmonics in visible or near-infrared frequencies, realizing exceptional field confinement and high sensitivity detection of analyte molecules. Gold nanoparticles capped with macrocyclic supramolecules show excellent selectivity to target biomolecules and ultralow limits of detection. Moreover, specially designed microstructured optical fibers are able to achieve high birefringence that can suppress the output inaccuracy induced by polarization crosstalk and meanwhile deliver promising sensitivity. This review aims to reveal and explore the frontiers of such hybrid plasmonic fiber-optic platforms in various sensing applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miao Qi
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering and the Photonics Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore; (M.Q.); (N.M.Y.Z.)
| | - Nancy Meng Ying Zhang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering and the Photonics Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore; (M.Q.); (N.M.Y.Z.)
| | - Kaiwei Li
- Institute of Photonics Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China;
| | - Swee Chuan Tjin
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering and the Photonics Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore; (M.Q.); (N.M.Y.Z.)
| | - Lei Wei
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering and the Photonics Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore; (M.Q.); (N.M.Y.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Abstract
The detection of biomarkers is critical for enabling early disease diagnosis, monitoring the progression, and tracking the effectiveness of therapeutic intervention. Plasmonic sensors exhibit a broad range of analytical capabilities, from the rapid generation of colorimetric readouts to single-molecule sensitivity in ultralow sample volumes, which have led to their increased exploration in bioanalysis and point-of-care applications. This perspective presents selected accounts of recent developments on the different types of plasmonic sensing platforms, the pervasive challenges, and outlook on the pathway to translation. We highlight the sensing of upcoming biomarkers, including microRNA, circulating tumor cells, exosomes, and cell-free DNA, and discuss the opportunity of utilizing plasmonic nanomaterials and tools for biomarker detection beyond biofluids, such as in tissues, organs, and disease sites. The integration of plasmonic biosensors with established and upcoming technologies of instrumentation, sample pretreatment, and data analysis will help realize their translation to clinical settings for improving healthcare and enhancing the quality of life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Cathcart
- Department of Chemistry, York University, 4700 Keele Street Toronto, Ontario, Canada M3J 1P3
| | - Jennifer I L Chen
- Department of Chemistry, York University, 4700 Keele Street Toronto, Ontario, Canada M3J 1P3
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
For sensors based on the electromagnetic resonance whether the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) or localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR), enhancing the light-matter interactions is the most critical and important way to improve their performance. Plasmonic nano-arrays are a kind of periodic metal or dielectric nanostructure formed by nanofabrication technology and can effectively enhance the light-matter interactions by tuning structural parameters to cause different optical effects due to their ultra-high degree of freedom. At the same time, a plug-and-play, remote microsensor suitable for limited environments (such as in vivo systems) may be realized due to the rise of lab-on-fiber technology and the progress of nanofabrication technology for unconventional substrates (such as an optical fiber tip). In this paper, the advantages and disadvantages of different nanofabrication technologies are briefly introduced and compared firstly, and then the applications of optical fiber sensors (OFS) based on different plasmonic nano-arrays are reviewed. Plasmonic nano-array OFS are divided into two categories: refractive index sensors based on the sensitivity of the array to the surrounding environment and surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) sensors based on the enhancement ability of the local electric field around the array. In this review, the present sensors are compared and analyzed from the aspects of the geometry, material and dimensions of plasmonic nano-arrays and the main research directions and progress are summarized. Finally, the future development trend is proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China.
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Pacholski C, Rosencrantz S, Rosencrantz RR, Balderas-Valadez RF. Plasmonic biosensors fabricated by galvanic displacement reactions for monitoring biomolecular interactions in real time. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:3433-3445. [PMID: 32006063 PMCID: PMC7214386 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02414-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Optical sensors are prepared by reduction of gold ions using freshly etched hydride-terminated porous silicon, and their ability to specifically detect binding between protein A/rabbit IgG and asialofetuin/Erythrina cristagalli lectin is studied. The fabrication process is simple, fast, and reproducible, and does not require complicated lab equipment. The resulting nanostructured gold layer on silicon shows an optical response in the visible range based on the excitation of localized surface plasmon resonance. Variations in the refractive index of the surrounding medium result in a color change of the sensor which can be observed by the naked eye. By monitoring the spectral position of the localized surface plasmon resonance using reflectance spectroscopy, a bulk sensitivity of 296 nm ± 3 nm/RIU is determined. Furthermore, selectivity to target analytes is conferred to the sensor through functionalization of its surface with appropriate capture probes. For this purpose, biomolecules are deposited either by physical adsorption or by covalent coupling. Both strategies are successfully tested, i.e., the optical response of the sensor is dependent on the concentration of respective target analyte in the solution facilitating the determination of equilibrium dissociation constants for protein A/rabbit IgG as well as asialofetuin/Erythrina cristagalli lectin which are in accordance with reported values in literature. These results demonstrate the potential of the developed optical sensor for cost-efficient biosensor applications. Graphical abstract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Pacholski
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Sophia Rosencrantz
- Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research IAP, Biofunctionalized Materials and (Glyco)Biotechnology, Geiselbergstraße 69, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Ruben R Rosencrantz
- Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research IAP, Biofunctionalized Materials and (Glyco)Biotechnology, Geiselbergstraße 69, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
|