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Wang Y, Wang C, Zhou Z, Si J, Li S, Zeng Y, Deng Y, Chen Z. Advances in Simple, Rapid, and Contamination-Free Instantaneous Nucleic Acid Devices for Pathogen Detection. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:732. [PMID: 37504131 PMCID: PMC10377012 DOI: 10.3390/bios13070732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Pathogenic pathogens invade the human body through various pathways, causing damage to host cells, tissues, and their functions, ultimately leading to the development of diseases and posing a threat to human health. The rapid and accurate detection of pathogenic pathogens in humans is crucial and pressing. Nucleic acid detection offers advantages such as higher sensitivity, accuracy, and specificity compared to antibody and antigen detection methods. However, conventional nucleic acid testing is time-consuming, labor-intensive, and requires sophisticated equipment and specialized medical personnel. Therefore, this review focuses on advanced nucleic acid testing systems that aim to address the issues of testing time, portability, degree of automation, and cross-contamination. These systems include extraction-free rapid nucleic acid testing, fully automated extraction, amplification, and detection, as well as fully enclosed testing and commercial nucleic acid testing equipment. Additionally, the biochemical methods used for extraction, amplification, and detection in nucleic acid testing are briefly described. We hope that this review will inspire further research and the development of more suitable extraction-free reagents and fully automated testing devices for rapid, point-of-care diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
| | - Chengming Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Affiliated Zhuzhou Hospital Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, Zhuzhou 412000, China
| | - Zepeng Zhou
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
| | - Jiajia Si
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
| | - Song Li
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
| | - Yezhan Zeng
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
| | - Yan Deng
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
| | - Zhu Chen
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
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2
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Xie Y, Li H, Chen F, Udayakumar S, Arora K, Chen H, Lan Y, Hu Q, Zhou X, Guo X, Xiu L, Yin K. Clustered Regularly Interspaced short palindromic repeats-Based Microfluidic System in Infectious Diseases Diagnosis: Current Status, Challenges, and Perspectives. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2204172. [PMID: 36257813 PMCID: PMC9731715 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202204172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Mitigating the spread of global infectious diseases requires rapid and accurate diagnostic tools. Conventional diagnostic techniques for infectious diseases typically require sophisticated equipment and are time consuming. Emerging clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated proteins (Cas) detection systems have shown remarkable potential as next-generation diagnostic tools to achieve rapid, sensitive, specific, and field-deployable diagnoses of infectious diseases, based on state-of-the-art microfluidic platforms. Therefore, a review of recent advances in CRISPR-based microfluidic systems for infectious diseases diagnosis is urgently required. This review highlights the mechanisms of CRISPR/Cas biosensing and cutting-edge microfluidic devices including paper, digital, and integrated wearable platforms. Strategies to simplify sample pretreatment, improve diagnostic performance, and achieve integrated detection are discussed. Current challenges and future perspectives contributing to the development of more effective CRISPR-based microfluidic diagnostic systems are also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xie
- School of Global HealthChinese Center for Tropical Diseases ResearchShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai200025P. R. China
- One Health CenterShanghai Jiao Tong University‐The University of EdinburghShanghai200025P. R. China
| | - Huimin Li
- School of Global HealthChinese Center for Tropical Diseases ResearchShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai200025P. R. China
- One Health CenterShanghai Jiao Tong University‐The University of EdinburghShanghai200025P. R. China
| | - Fumin Chen
- School of Global HealthChinese Center for Tropical Diseases ResearchShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai200025P. R. China
- One Health CenterShanghai Jiao Tong University‐The University of EdinburghShanghai200025P. R. China
| | - Srisruthi Udayakumar
- Division of Engineering in MedicineDepartment of MedicineBrigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02139USA
| | - Khyati Arora
- Division of Engineering in MedicineDepartment of MedicineBrigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02139USA
| | - Hui Chen
- Division of Engineering in MedicineDepartment of MedicineBrigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02139USA
| | - Yang Lan
- Centre for Nature‐Inspired EngineeringDepartment of Chemical EngineeringUniversity College LondonLondonWC1E 7JEUK
| | - Qinqin Hu
- School of Global HealthChinese Center for Tropical Diseases ResearchShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai200025P. R. China
- One Health CenterShanghai Jiao Tong University‐The University of EdinburghShanghai200025P. R. China
| | - Xiaonong Zhou
- School of Global HealthChinese Center for Tropical Diseases ResearchShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai200025P. R. China
- One Health CenterShanghai Jiao Tong University‐The University of EdinburghShanghai200025P. R. China
| | - Xiaokui Guo
- School of Global HealthChinese Center for Tropical Diseases ResearchShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai200025P. R. China
- One Health CenterShanghai Jiao Tong University‐The University of EdinburghShanghai200025P. R. China
| | - Leshan Xiu
- School of Global HealthChinese Center for Tropical Diseases ResearchShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai200025P. R. China
- One Health CenterShanghai Jiao Tong University‐The University of EdinburghShanghai200025P. R. China
| | - Kun Yin
- School of Global HealthChinese Center for Tropical Diseases ResearchShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai200025P. R. China
- One Health CenterShanghai Jiao Tong University‐The University of EdinburghShanghai200025P. R. China
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3
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Ma Y, Ma X, Bu L, Shan J, Liu D, Zhang L, Qi X, Chu Y, Wu H, Zou B, Zhou G. Flap Endonuclease-Induced Steric Hindrance Change Enables the Construction of Multiplex and Versatile Lateral Flow Strips for DNA Detection. Anal Chem 2022; 94:14725-14733. [PMID: 36223239 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c03143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A lateral flow strip (LFS) is an ideal tool for point-of-care testing (POCT), but traditional LFSs cannot be used for multiplex detection. Herein, a multiplex and versatile LFS based on flap endonuclease 1 (FEN1)-induced steric hindrance change (FISH-LFS) is proposed. In this method, multiplex PCR coupled with cascade invasive reactions was employed to yield single-stranded flaps, which were target-specific but independent of target sequences. Then, the amplicons were applied for FISH-LFS, and the single-stranded flaps would be efficiently captured by the complementary LFS-probes at different test lines. As flaps were cleaved from the specially designed hairpin probes, competition among flaps and hairpin probes would occur in capturing the probes at test lines. We enabled the hairpin probes to flow through the test lines while the flaps to stay at the test lines by making use of the difference in steric hindrance between hairpin probes and flaps. The assay is able to detect as low as two copies of blood pathogens (HBV, HCV, and HIV), to pick up as low as 0.1% mutants from wild-type gDNA, and to genotype 200 copies of SARS-CoV-2 variants α and β within 75 min at a conventional PCR engine. As the method is free of dye, a portable PCR engine could be used for a cost-effective multiplex detection on site. Results using an ultrafast mobile PCR system for FISH-LFS showed that as fast as 30 min was achieved for detecting three pathogens (HBV, HCV, and HIV) in blood, very suitable for POCT of pathogen screening. The method is convenient in operation, simple in instrumentation, specific in genotyping, and very easy in setting up multiplex POCT assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ma
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Xueping Ma
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Li Bu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Jingwen Shan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Danni Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Likun Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Xiemin Qi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Yanan Chu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Haiping Wu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Bingjie Zou
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Guohua Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.,School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
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An Integrated, Real-Time Convective PCR System for Isolation, Amplification, and Detection of Nucleic Acids. CHEMOSENSORS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors10070271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Convective PCR (CPCR) can perform rapid nucleic acid amplification by inducing thermal convection to continuously, cyclically driving reagent between different zones of the reactor for spatially separate melting, annealing, and extending in a capillary tube with constant heating temperatures at different locations. CPCR is promoted by incorporating an FTA membrane filter into the capillary tube, which constructs a single convective PCR reactor for both sample preparation and amplification. To simplify fluid control in sample preparation, lysed sample or wash buffer is driven through the membrane filter through centrifugation. A movable resistance heater is used to heat the capillary tube for amplification, and meanwhile, a smartphone camera is adopted to monitor in situ fluorescence signal from the reaction. Different from other existing CPCR systems with the described simple, easy-to-use, integrated, real-time microfluidic CPCR system, rapid nucleic acid analysis can be performed from sample to answer. A couple of critical issues, including wash scheme and reaction temperature, are analyzed for optimized system performance. It is demonstrated that influenza A virus with the reasonable concentration down to 1.0 TCID50/mL can be successfully detected by the integrated microfluidic system within 45 min.
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Asghar R, Rasheed M, ul Hassan J, Rafique M, Khan M, Deng Y. Advancements in Testing Strategies for COVID-19. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:410. [PMID: 35735558 PMCID: PMC9220779 DOI: 10.3390/bios12060410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, also known as the disease-causing agent for COVID-19, is a virulent pathogen that may infect people and certain animals. The global spread of COVID-19 and its emerging variation necessitates the development of rapid, reliable, simple, and low-cost diagnostic tools. Many methodologies and devices have been developed for the highly sensitive, selective, cost-effective, and rapid diagnosis of COVID-19. This review organizes the diagnosis platforms into four groups: imaging, molecular-based detection, serological testing, and biosensors. Each platform's principle, advancement, utilization, and challenges for monitoring SARS-CoV-2 are discussed in detail. In addition, an overview of the impact of variants on detection, commercially available kits, and readout signal analysis has been presented. This review will expand our understanding of developing advanced diagnostic approaches to evolve into susceptible, precise, and reproducible technologies to combat any future outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Asghar
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Separation and Analysis in Biomedicine and Pharmaceuticals, School of Life Sciences, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China;
| | - Madiha Rasheed
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Separation and Analysis in Biomedicine and Pharmaceuticals, School of Life Sciences, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China;
| | - Jalees ul Hassan
- Department of Wildlife and Ecology, Faculty of Fisheries and Wildlife, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences-UVAS, Lahore 54000, Pakistan;
| | - Mohsin Rafique
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, China;
| | - Mashooq Khan
- Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China;
| | - Yulin Deng
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Separation and Analysis in Biomedicine and Pharmaceuticals, School of Life Sciences, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China;
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Lin S, Song X, Zhu K, Shao Q, Chen Y, Cheng W, Lei Z, Chen Y, Luo Y, Jin D. Performance Evaluation of a Novel Ultrafast Molecular Diagnostic Device Integrated With Microfluidic Chips and Dual Temperature Modules. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:895236. [PMID: 35662850 PMCID: PMC9162139 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.895236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultrafast, portable, and inexpensive molecular diagnostic platforms are critical for clinical diagnosis and on-site detection. There are currently no available real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) devices able to meet the demands of point-of-care testing, as the heating and cooling processes cannot be avoided. In this study, the dual temperature modules were first designed to process microfluidic chips automatically circulating between them. Thus, a novel ultrafast molecular diagnostic real-time PCR device (approximately 18 and 23 min for DNA and RNA detection, respectively) with two channels (FAM and Cy5) for the detection of 12 targets was developed. The device contained three core functional components, including temperature control, optics, and motion, which were integrated into a portable compact box. The temperature modules accurately control temperature in rapid thermal cycles with less than ±0.1 °C, ±1 °C and ±0.5 °C for the temperature fluctuation, uniformity, and error of indication, respectively. The average coefficient of variation (CV) of the fluorescence intensity (FI) for all 12 wells was 2.3% for FAM and 2.7% for Cy5. There was a good linear relationship between the concentrations of fluorescent dye and the FIs of FAM and Cy5(R2 = 0.9990 and 0.9937), and the average CVs of the Ct values calculated by the embedded software were 1.4% for FAM and Cy5, respectively. The 100 double-blind mocked sputum and 249 clinical stool samples were analyzed by the ultrafast real-time PCR device in comparison with the DAAN Gene SARS-CoV-2 kit run on the ABI 7500 instrument and Xpert C. difficile/Epi, respectively. Among the 249 stool samples, the ultrafast real-time PCR device detected toxigenic C. difficile in 54 samples (54/249, 21.7%) with a specificity and positive predictive values of 99.0 and 96.3%, which were higher than the Xpert C. difficile/Epi values of 94.4 and 88.1% (p > 0.05). The ultrafast real-time PCR device detected 15 SARS-CoV-2 positive samples, which has a 100% concordance with that obtained by the DAAN Gene SARS-CoV-2 kit. This study demonstrated that the ultrafast real-time PCR device integrated with microfluidic chips and dual temperature modules is an ultrafast, reliable, easy-to-use, and cost-effective molecular diagnostic platform for clinical diagnosis and on-site testing, especially in resource-limited settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Lin
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomarkers and In Vitro Diagnosis Translation of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojun Song
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Laboratory Medicine Center, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kun Zhu
- Hangzhou Biochip for Diagnosis Technology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China
| | - Quanyu Shao
- Hangzhou Biochip for Diagnosis Technology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China
| | - Yinhang Chen
- Hangzhou Biochip for Diagnosis Technology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Cheng
- Hangzhou Biochip for Diagnosis Technology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhijing Lei
- Hangzhou Biochip for Diagnosis Technology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu Chen
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomarkers and In Vitro Diagnosis Translation of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yun Luo
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- *Correspondence: Yun Luo, ; Dazhi Jin,
| | - Dazhi Jin
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomarkers and In Vitro Diagnosis Translation of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Laboratory Medicine Center, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yun Luo, ; Dazhi Jin,
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7
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Mukunda DC, Rodrigues J, Joshi VK, Raghushaker CR, Mahato KK. A comprehensive review on LED-induced fluorescence in diagnostic pathology. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 209:114230. [PMID: 35421670 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Sensitivity, specificity, mobility, and affordability are important criteria to consider for developing diagnostic instruments in common use. Fluorescence spectroscopy has been demonstrating substantial potential in the clinical diagnosis of diseases and evaluating the underlying causes of pathogenesis. A higher degree of device integration with appropriate sensitivity and reasonable cost would further boost the value of the fluorescence techniques in clinical diagnosis and aid in the reduction of healthcare expenses, which is a key economic concern in emerging markets. Light-emitting diodes (LEDs), which are inexpensive and smaller are attractive alternatives to conventional excitation sources in fluorescence spectroscopy, are gaining a lot of momentum in the development of affordable, compact analytical instruments of clinical relevance. The commercial availability of a broad range of LED wavelengths (255-4600 nm) has opened up new avenues for targeting a wide range of clinically significant molecules (both endogenous and exogenous), thereby diagnosing a range of clinical illnesses. As a result, we have specifically examined the uses of LED-induced fluorescence (LED-IF) in preclinical and clinical evaluations of pathological conditions, considering the present advancements in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jackson Rodrigues
- Department of Biophysics, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka-576104, India
| | - Vijay Kumar Joshi
- Department of Biophysics, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka-576104, India
| | - Chandavalli Ramappa Raghushaker
- Department of Biophysics, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka-576104, India
| | - Krishna Kishore Mahato
- Department of Biophysics, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka-576104, India.
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8
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Xu D, Jiang X, Zou T, Miao G, Fu Q, Xiang F, Feng L, Ye X, Zhang L, Qiu X. A microfluidic system for rapid nucleic acid analysis based on real-time convective PCR at point-of-care testing. MICROFLUIDICS AND NANOFLUIDICS 2022; 26:69. [PMID: 35991118 PMCID: PMC9380682 DOI: 10.1007/s10404-022-02577-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
A microfluidic system for rapid nucleic acid analysis based on real-time convective PCR is developed. To perform 'sample-in, answer-out' nucleic acid analysis, a microfluidic chip is developed to efficiently extract nucleic acid, and meanwhile convective PCR (CPCR) is applied for rapid nucleic acid amplification. With an integrated microfluidic chip consisting of reagent pre-storage chambers, a lysis & wash chamber, an elution chamber and a waste chamber, nucleic acid extraction based on magnetic beads can be automatically performed for a large size of test sample within a limited time. Based on an easy-to-operate strategy, different pre-stored reagents can be conveniently released for consecutive reaction at different steps. To achieve efficient mixing, a portable companion device is developed to introduce properly controlled 3-D actuation to magnetic beads in nucleic acid extraction. In CPCR amplification, PCR reagent can be spontaneously and repeatedly circulated between hot and cool zones of the reactor for space-domain thermal cycling based on pseudo-isothermal heating. A handheld real-time CPCR device is developed to perform nucleic acid amplification and in-situ detection. To extend the detection throughput, multiple handheld real-time CPCR devices can be grouped together by a common control system. It is demonstrated that influenza A (H1N1) viruses with the reasonable concentration down to 1.0 TCID50/ml can be successfully detected with the microfluidic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donglin Xu
- Institute of Microfluidic Chip Development in Biomedical Engineering, College of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029 China
| | - Xiaodan Jiang
- Institute of Microfluidic Chip Development in Biomedical Engineering, College of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029 China
| | - Tianli Zou
- Beijing Wantai Biological Pharmacy Enterprise Co. Ltd, Beijing, 102206 China
| | - Guijun Miao
- Institute of Microfluidic Chip Development in Biomedical Engineering, College of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029 China
| | - Qiang Fu
- Institute of Microfluidic Chip Development in Biomedical Engineering, College of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029 China
| | - Fei Xiang
- Institute of Microfluidic Chip Development in Biomedical Engineering, College of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029 China
| | - Liang Feng
- Institute of Microfluidic Chip Development in Biomedical Engineering, College of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029 China
| | - Xiangzhong Ye
- Beijing Wantai Biological Pharmacy Enterprise Co. Ltd, Beijing, 102206 China
| | - Lulu Zhang
- Institute of Microfluidic Chip Development in Biomedical Engineering, College of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029 China
| | - Xianbo Qiu
- Institute of Microfluidic Chip Development in Biomedical Engineering, College of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029 China
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9
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Convective polymerase chain reaction in standard microtubes. Anal Biochem 2022; 641:114565. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2022.114565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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10
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Chu H, Liu C, Liu J, Yang J, Li Y, Zhang X. Recent advances and challenges of biosensing in point-of-care molecular diagnosis. SENSORS AND ACTUATORS. B, CHEMICAL 2021; 348:130708. [PMID: 34511726 PMCID: PMC8424413 DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2021.130708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Molecular diagnosis, which plays a major role in infectious disease screening with successful understanding of the human genome, has attracted more attention because of the outbreak of COVID-19 recently. Since point-of-care testing (POCT) can expand the application of molecular diagnosis with the benefit of rapid reply, low cost, and working in decentralized environments, many researchers and commercial institutions have dedicated tremendous effort and enthusiasm to POCT-based biosensing for molecular diagnosis. In this review, we firstly summarize the state-of-the-art techniques and the construction of biosensing systems for POC molecular diagnosis. Then, the application scenarios of POCT-based biosensing for molecular diagnosis were also reviewed. Finally, several challenges and perspectives of POC biosensing for molecular diagnosis are discussed. This review is expected to help researchers deepen comprehension and make progresses in POCT-based biosensing field for molecular diagnosis applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Chu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Conghui Liu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
| | - Jinsen Liu
- Shenzhen ENCO Instrument Co., Ltd, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Jiao Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Yingchun Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Xueji Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
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12
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Bennett C, Sookwong P, Jakmunee J, Mahatheeranont S. Smartphone digital image colorimetric determination of the total monomeric anthocyanin content in black rice via the pH differential method. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2021; 13:3348-3358. [PMID: 34286735 DOI: 10.1039/d1ay00719j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this research, the pH differential method was explored for the first time using a mobile phone as a detector, replacing UV-Vis spectrophotometry. A smartphone digital image colorimetric (SDIC) system was developed for the determination of the total monomeric anthocyanin content in black rice grains using colour values. The change in colour of anthocyanin cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G) at pH 1.0 and pH 4.5 was investigated and described through colour model systems (RGB and CIELAB). Under optimum conditions, the quantitative method based on the chroma difference, was able to quantify the total amount of monomeric anthocyanins with a linear correlation (R2 = 0.989) to that of UV-Vis spectrophotometry and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) (reference method). The SDIC system displayed good precision (≤1.88% RSD) and a low detection limit (2.2 ± 0.1 μg g-1). The validated results demonstrated that the developed method was a cost-effective alternative for the quantitation of anthocyanins. In addition, the effect of six mineral elements on black rice cultivation was investigated. The results showed that the addition of the Ca fertiliser resulted in black rice grains with an anthocyanin content 2-fold higher than that of the control with a significant difference (p < 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chonlada Bennett
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
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13
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Dong X, Liu L, Tu Y, Zhang J, Miao G, Zhang L, Ge S, Xia N, Yu D, Qiu X. Rapid PCR powered by microfluidics: A quick review under the background of COVID-19 pandemic. Trends Analyt Chem 2021; 143:116377. [PMID: 34188341 PMCID: PMC8223007 DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
PCR has been widely used in different fields including molecular biology, pathogen detection, medical diagnosis, food detection and etc. However, the difficulty of promoting PCR in on-site point-of-care testing reflects on challenges relative to its speed, convenience, complexity, and even cost. With the emerging state-of-art of microfluidics, rapid PCR can be achieved with more flexible ways in micro-reactors. PCR plays a critical role in the detection of SARS-CoV-2. Under this special background of COVID-19 pandemic, this review focuses on the latest rapid microfluidic PCR. Rapid PCR is concluded in two main features, including the reactor (type, size, material) and the implementation of thermal cycling. Especially, the compromise between speed and sensitivity with microfluidic PCR is explored based on the system ratio of (thermal cycling time)/(reactor size). Representative applications about the detection of pathogens and SARS-CoV-2 viruses based on rapid PCR or other isothermal amplification are discussed as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobin Dong
- Institute of Microfluidic Chip Development in Biomedical Engineering, College of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Luyao Liu
- Institute of Microfluidic Chip Development in Biomedical Engineering, College of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yunping Tu
- Institute of Microfluidic Chip Development in Biomedical Engineering, College of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Institute of Microfluidic Chip Development in Biomedical Engineering, College of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Guijun Miao
- Institute of Microfluidic Chip Development in Biomedical Engineering, College of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Lulu Zhang
- Institute of Microfluidic Chip Development in Biomedical Engineering, College of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Shengxiang Ge
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Ningshao Xia
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Duli Yu
- Institute of Microfluidic Chip Development in Biomedical Engineering, College of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xianbo Qiu
- Institute of Microfluidic Chip Development in Biomedical Engineering, College of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
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14
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Carrasco-Correa EJ, Simó-Alfonso EF, Herrero-Martínez JM, Miró M. The emerging role of 3D printing in the fabrication of detection systems. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2020.116177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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15
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Davis JJ, Foster SW, Grinias JP. Low-cost and open-source strategies for chemical separations. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1638:461820. [PMID: 33453654 PMCID: PMC7870555 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, a trend toward utilizing open access resources for laboratory research has begun. Open-source design strategies for scientific hardware rely upon the use of widely available parts, especially those that can be directly printed using additive manufacturing techniques and electronic components that can be connected to low-cost microcontrollers. Open-source software eliminates the need for expensive commercial licenses and provides the opportunity to design programs for specific needs. In this review, the impact of the "open-source movement" within the field of chemical separations is described, primarily through a comprehensive look at research in this area over the past five years. Topics that are covered include general laboratory equipment, sample preparation techniques, separations-based analysis, detection strategies, electronic system control, and software for data processing. Remaining hurdles and possible opportunities for further adoption of open-source approaches in the context of these separations-related topics are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua J Davis
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, United States
| | - Samuel W Foster
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, United States
| | - James P Grinias
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, United States.
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16
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Pan MM, Wang YF, Wang L, Yu X, Xu L. Recent advances in visual detection for cancer biomarkers and infectious pathogens. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:35-52. [PMID: 33225338 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb01883j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
It is an urgency to detect infectious pathogens or cancer biomarkers using rapid, simple, convenient and cost-effective methods in complex biological samples. Many existing approaches (traditional virus culture, ELISA or PCR) for the pathogen and biomarker assays face several challenges in the clinical applications that require lengthy time, sophisticated sample pre-treatment and expensive instruments. Due to the simple and rapid detection manner as well as no requirement of expensive equipment, many visual detection methods have been considered to resolve the aforementioned problems. Meanwhile, various new materials and colorimetric/fluorescent methods have been tried to construct new biosensors for infectious pathogens and biomarkers. However, the recent progress of these aspects is rarely reviewed, especially in terms of integration of new materials, microdevice and detection mechanism into the visual detection systems. Herein, we provide a broad field of view to discuss the recent progress in the visual detection of infectious pathogens and cancer biomarkers along with the detection mechanism, new materials, novel detection methods, special targets as well as multi-functional microdevices and systems. The novel visual approaches for the infectious pathogens and biomarkers, such as bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET), metal-induced metallization and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-based biosensors, are discussed. Additionally, recent advancements in visual assays utilizing various new materials for proteins, nucleic acids, viruses, exosomes and small molecules are comprehensively reviewed. Future perspectives on the visual sensing systems for infectious pathogens and cancers are also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Meng Pan
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, HuaZhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
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17
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Tarim EA, Karakuzu B, Oksuz C, Sarigil O, Kizilkaya M, Al-Ruweidi MKAA, Yalcin HC, Ozcivici E, Tekin HC. Microfluidic-based virus detection methods for respiratory diseases. EMERGENT MATERIALS 2021; 4:143-168. [PMID: 33786415 PMCID: PMC7992628 DOI: 10.1007/s42247-021-00169-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
With the recent SARS-CoV-2 outbreak, the importance of rapid and direct detection of respiratory disease viruses has been well recognized. The detection of these viruses with novel technologies is vital in timely prevention and treatment strategies for epidemics and pandemics. Respiratory viruses can be detected from saliva, swab samples, nasal fluid, and blood, and collected samples can be analyzed by various techniques. Conventional methods for virus detection are based on techniques relying on cell culture, antigen-antibody interactions, and nucleic acids. However, these methods require trained personnel as well as expensive equipment. Microfluidic technologies, on the other hand, are one of the most accurate and specific methods to directly detect respiratory tract viruses. During viral infections, the production of detectable amounts of relevant antibodies takes a few days to weeks, hampering the aim of prevention. Alternatively, nucleic acid-based methods can directly detect the virus-specific RNA or DNA region, even before the immune response. There are numerous methods to detect respiratory viruses, but direct detection techniques have higher specificity and sensitivity than other techniques. This review aims to summarize the methods and technologies developed for microfluidic-based direct detection of viruses that cause respiratory infection using different detection techniques. Microfluidics enables the use of minimal sample volumes and thereby leading to a time, cost, and labor effective operation. Microfluidic-based detection technologies provide affordable, portable, rapid, and sensitive analysis of intact virus or virus genetic material, which is very important in pandemic and epidemic events to control outbreaks with an effective diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Alperay Tarim
- Department of Bioengineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, Urla, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Betul Karakuzu
- Department of Bioengineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, Urla, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Cemre Oksuz
- Department of Bioengineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, Urla, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Oyku Sarigil
- Department of Bioengineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, Urla, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Melike Kizilkaya
- Department of Bioengineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, Urla, Izmir, Turkey
| | | | | | - Engin Ozcivici
- Department of Bioengineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, Urla, Izmir, Turkey
| | - H. Cumhur Tekin
- Department of Bioengineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, Urla, Izmir, Turkey
- METU MEMS Center, Ankara, Turkey
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18
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Qin Z, Peng R, Baravik IK, Liu X. Fighting COVID-19: Integrated Micro- and Nanosystems for Viral Infection Diagnostics. MATTER 2020; 3:628-651. [PMID: 32838297 PMCID: PMC7346839 DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2020.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) highlights the importance of rapid and sensitive diagnostics of viral infection that enables the efficient tracing of cases and the implementation of public health measures for disease containment. The immediate actions from both academia and industry have led to the development of many COVID-19 diagnostic systems that have secured fast-track regulatory approvals and have been serving our healthcare frontlines since the early stage of the pandemic. On diagnostic technologies, many of these clinically validated systems have significantly benefited from the recent advances in micro- and nanotechnologies in terms of platform design, analytical method, and system integration and miniaturization. The continued development of new diagnostic platforms integrating micro- and nanocomponents will address some of the shortcomings we have witnessed in the existing COVID-19 diagnostic systems. This Perspective reviews the previous and ongoing research efforts on developing integrated micro- and nanosystems for nucleic acid-based virus detection, and highlights promising technologies that could provide better solutions for the diagnosis of COVID-19 and other viral infectious diseases. With the summary and outlook of this rapidly evolving research field, we hope to inspire more research and development activities to better prepare our society for future public health crises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Qin
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Ran Peng
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Ilina Kolker Baravik
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Xinyu Liu
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8, Canada
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
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19
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Abstract
With the rapid development of high technology, chemical science is not as it used to be a century ago. Many chemists acquire and utilize skills that are well beyond the traditional definition of chemistry. The digital age has transformed chemistry laboratories. One aspect of this transformation is the progressing implementation of electronics and computer science in chemistry research. In the past decade, numerous chemistry-oriented studies have benefited from the implementation of electronic modules, including microcontroller boards (MCBs), single-board computers (SBCs), professional grade control and data acquisition systems, as well as field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). In particular, MCBs and SBCs provide good value for money. The application areas for electronic modules in chemistry research include construction of simple detection systems based on spectrophotometry and spectrofluorometry principles, customizing laboratory devices for automation of common laboratory practices, control of reaction systems (batch- and flow-based), extraction systems, chromatographic and electrophoretic systems, microfluidic systems (classical and nonclassical), custom-built polymerase chain reaction devices, gas-phase analyte detection systems, chemical robots and drones, construction of FPGA-based imaging systems, and the Internet-of-Chemical-Things. The technology is easy to handle, and many chemists have managed to train themselves in its implementation. The only major obstacle in its implementation is probably one's imagination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurpur Rakesh D Prabhu
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan.,Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Pawel L Urban
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan.,Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
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20
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Rajendran VK, Bakthavathsalam P, Bergquist PL, Sunna A. Smartphone technology facilitates point-of-care nucleic acid diagnosis: a beginner's guide. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2020; 58:77-100. [PMID: 32609551 DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2020.1781779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The reliable detection of nucleic acids at low concentrations in clinical samples like blood, urine and saliva, and in food can be achieved by nucleic acid amplification methods. Several portable and hand-held devices have been developed to translate these laboratory-based methods to point-of-care (POC) settings. POC diagnostic devices could potentially play an important role in environmental monitoring, health, and food safety. Use of a smartphone for nucleic acid testing has shown promising progress in endpoint as well as real-time analysis of various disease conditions. The emergence of smartphone-based POC devices together with paper-based sensors, microfluidic chips and digital droplet assays are used currently in many situations to provide quantitative detection of nucleic acid targets. State-of-the-art portable devices are commercially available and rapidly emerging smartphone-based POC devices that allow the performance of laboratory-quality colorimetric, fluorescent and electrochemical detection are described in this review. We present a comprehensive review of smartphone-based POC sensing applications, specifically on microbial diagnostics, assess their performance and propose recommendations for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Padmavathy Bakthavathsalam
- School of Chemistry and Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Peter L Bergquist
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.,Department of Molecular Medicine & Pathology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Biomolecular Discovery Research Centre, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Anwar Sunna
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.,Biomolecular Discovery Research Centre, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
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21
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Xu H, Xia A, Wang D, Zhang Y, Deng S, Lu W, Luo J, Zhong Q, Zhang F, Zhou L, Zhang W, Wang Y, Yang C, Chang K, Fu W, Cui J, Gan M, Luo D, Chen M. An ultraportable and versatile point-of-care DNA testing platform. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaaz7445. [PMID: 32426466 PMCID: PMC7176422 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaz7445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Point-of-care testing (POCT) has broad applications in resource-limited settings. Here, a POCT platform termed POCKET (point-of-care kit for the entire test) is demonstrated that is ultraportable and versatile for analyzing multiple types of DNA in different fields in a sample-to-answer manner. The POCKET is less than 100 g and smaller than 25 cm in length. The kit consists of an integrated chip (i-chip) and a foldable box (f-box). The i-chip integrates the sample preparation with a previously unidentified, triple signal amplification. The f-box uses a smartphone as a heater, a signal detector, and a result readout. We detected different types of DNA from clinics to environment to food to agriculture. The detection is sensitive (<103 copies/ml), specific (single-base differentiation), speedy (<2 hours), and stable (>10 weeks shelf life). This inexpensive, ultraportable POCKET platform may become a versatile sample-to-answer platform for clinical diagnostics, food safety, agricultural protection, and environmental monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Anyue Xia
- First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University (Jiangsu Province Hospital), Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Dandan Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yiheng Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Shaoli Deng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Weiping Lu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Jie Luo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The 954th Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Xizang 856000, China
| | - Qiu Zhong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Fengling Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Wenqing Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Cheng Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Kai Chang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Weiling Fu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Jinhui Cui
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
- Corresponding author. (M.C.); (D.L.); (M.G.); (J.C.)
| | - Mingzhe Gan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou 215123, China
- Corresponding author. (M.C.); (D.L.); (M.G.); (J.C.)
| | - Dan Luo
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Corresponding author. (M.C.); (D.L.); (M.G.); (J.C.)
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
- College of Pharmacy and Laboratory Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
- Corresponding author. (M.C.); (D.L.); (M.G.); (J.C.)
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22
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Zhao W, Tian S, Huang L, Liu K, Dong L, Guo J. A smartphone-based biomedical sensory system. Analyst 2020; 145:2873-2891. [PMID: 32141448 DOI: 10.1039/c9an02294e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Disease diagnostics, food safety monitoring and environmental quality monitoring are the key means to safeguard human health. However, conventional detection devices for health care are costly, bulky and complex, restricting their applications in resource-limited areas of the world. With the rapid development of biosensors and the popularization of smartphones, smartphone-based sensing systems have emerged as novel detection devices that combine the sensitivity of biosensors and diverse functions of smartphones to provide a rapid, low-cost and convenient detection method. In these systems, a smartphone is used as a microscope to observe and count cells, as a camera to record fluorescence images, as an analytical platform to analyze experimental data, and as an effective tool to connect detection devices and online doctors. These systems are widely used for cell analysis, biochemical analysis, immunoassays, and molecular diagnosis, which are applied in the fields of disease diagnostics, food safety monitoring and environmental quality monitoring. Therefore, we discuss four types of smartphone-based sensing systems in this review paper, specifically in terms of the structure, performance and efficiency of these systems. Finally, we give some suggestions for improvement and future prospective trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Zhao
- School of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, P. R. China.
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23
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Wu H, Qian C, Wang R, Wu C, Wang Z, Wang L, Zhang M, Ye Z, Zhang F, He JS, Wu J. Identification of pork in raw meat or cooked meatballs within 20 min using rapid PCR coupled with visual detection. Food Control 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2019.106905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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24
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Solanki S, Pandey CM, Gupta RK, Malhotra BD. Emerging Trends in Microfluidics Based Devices. Biotechnol J 2020; 15:e1900279. [PMID: 32045505 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201900279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
One of the major challenges for scientists and engineers today is to develop technologies for the improvement of human health in both developed and developing countries. However, the need for cost-effective, high-performance diagnostic techniques is very crucial for providing accessible, affordable, and high-quality healthcare devices. In this context, microfluidic-based devices (MFDs) offer powerful platforms for automation and integration of complex tasks onto a single chip. The distinct advantage of MFDs lies in precise control of the sample quantities and flow rate of samples and reagents that enable quantification and detection of analytes with high resolution and sensitivity. With these excellent properties, microfluidics (MFs) have been used for various applications in healthcare, along with other biological and medical areas. This review focuses on the emerging demands of MFs in different fields such as biomedical diagnostics, environmental analysis, food and agriculture research, etc., in the last three or so years. It also aims to reveal new opportunities in these areas and future prospects of commercial MFDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shipra Solanki
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Shahbad Daulatpur, Delhi, 110042, India.,Department of Applied Chemistry, Delhi Technological University, Shahbad Daulatpur, Delhi, 110042, India
| | - Chandra M Pandey
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Delhi Technological University, Shahbad Daulatpur, Delhi, 110042, India
| | - Rajinder K Gupta
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Delhi Technological University, Shahbad Daulatpur, Delhi, 110042, India
| | - Bansi D Malhotra
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Shahbad Daulatpur, Delhi, 110042, India
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25
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Miao G, Zhang L, Zhang J, Ge S, Xia N, Qian S, Yu D, Qiu X. Free convective PCR: From principle study to commercial applications-A critical review. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1108:177-197. [PMID: 32222239 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.01.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is an extremely important tool for molecular diagnosis, as it can specifically amplify nucleic acid templates for sensitive detection. As another division of PCR, free convective PCR was invented in 2001, which can be performed in a capillary tube pseudo-isothermally within a significantly short time. Convective PCR thermal cycling is implemented by inducing thermal convection inside the capillary tube, which stratifies the reaction into spatially separate and stable melting, annealing, and extension zones created by the temperature gradient. Convective PCR is a promising tool that can be used for nucleic acid diagnosis as a point-of-care test (POCT) due to the significantly simplified heating strategy, reduced cost, and shortened detection time without sacrificing sensitivity and accuracy. Here, we review the history of free convective PCR from its invention to development and its commercial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guijun Miao
- Institute of Microfluidic Chip Development in Biomedical Engineering, College of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Lulu Zhang
- Institute of Microfluidic Chip Development in Biomedical Engineering, College of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Jing Zhang
- Institute of Microfluidic Chip Development in Biomedical Engineering, College of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Shengxiang Ge
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China.
| | - Ningshao Xia
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China.
| | - Shizhi Qian
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, 23529, USA.
| | - Duli Yu
- Institute of Microfluidic Chip Development in Biomedical Engineering, College of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Xianbo Qiu
- Institute of Microfluidic Chip Development in Biomedical Engineering, College of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China.
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26
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Design and fabrication of portable continuous flow PCR microfluidic chip for DNA replication. Biomed Microdevices 2019; 22:5. [DOI: 10.1007/s10544-019-0457-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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27
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Jian D, Wang B, Huang H, Meng X, Liu C, Xue L, Liu F, Wang S. Sunlight based handheld smartphone spectrometer. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 143:111632. [PMID: 31479987 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.111632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
We present a sunlight based handheld smartphone spectrometer. The device first gathers the sunlight to pass through the sample, and then the transmitted light illuminates on a grating to generate spectrum finally recorded by the smartphone monochrome camera. All the optical elements are assembled with the smartphone to integrate a handheld device with the size of 140.2 mm × 67.4 mm × 80.5 mm. Besides, a smartphone application is also developed for automatic spectral calibration, detection, analysis and display. Compared to the white light emitting diode and the halogen lamp, the sunlight has more uniform distribution covering the entire visible spectral range; and the proposed device also avoids the bulky sizes of those broadband light sources. Additionally, the monochrome camera is used instead of the color camera not only to pursue a high spectral resolution as 0.276 nm/pixel but also to avoid the color overlapping. We demonstrate the device capability on detecting avian influenza virus H7N9 and porcine circovirus type 2 antibodies, proving the device has rather high sensitivity similar to the commercial microplate reader. Considering its advantages as compact size, high spectral resolution and detecting sensitivity, it is believed the proposed sunlight based handheld smartphone spectrometer is potential to be broadly applied in on-site detections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Jian
- Computational Optics Laboratory, School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Single Molecule Nanometry Laboratory (Sinmolab), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Huachuan Huang
- School of Manufacturing Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan, 621010, China
| | - Xin Meng
- Computational Optics Laboratory, School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Cheng Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, China
| | - Liang Xue
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Single Molecule Nanometry Laboratory (Sinmolab), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Shouyu Wang
- Computational Optics Laboratory, School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China; Single Molecule Nanometry Laboratory (Sinmolab), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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Linker-protein G mediated functionalization of polystyrene-encapsulated upconversion nanoparticles for rapid gene assay using convective PCR. Mikrochim Acta 2019; 186:346. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-019-3466-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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