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Kanagaraj R, Krishnan V, Senthil Kumar S, Veerapandian M. β-Cyclodextrin-Tethered Butein, a Greener Redox-Active Biomaterial for Electrochemical Enzymatic Sensing of Sialic Acid. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024; 7:4602-4610. [PMID: 38869946 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.4c00474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Biocompatible, industrially scalable, and opto/electrochemically active biomaterials are promising for biosensor platform design and application. Herein, cyclic oligosaccharide, β-cyclodextrin (BCD), is conjugated with Butein, a chalcone-type polyphenol, via dehydration reaction of the hydroxyl groups of BCD and the benzoyl ring of Butein. Functional group changes in the conjugated BCD-Butein were comprehensively studied using UV-visible absorbance, Fourier transform-infrared, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic techniques. The electrochemical characteristics of BCD-Butein were explored using cyclic voltammetry, showing the reversible redox behavior (2e-/2H+) attributed to the catecholic OH group of Butein. The BCD-Butein-modified electrode exhibits a surface-confined redox process (R2 = 0.99, Ipa and Ipc) at the interface, suitable for external mediatorless sensor studies. An enzymatic biomolecular sensor has been constructed using BCD-Butein-modified glassy carbon and a screen-printed electrode targeting sialic acid as the model clinical biomarker. With the enzyme sialic acid aldolase, BCD-Butein-modified substrate exhibited a selective conversion of sialic acid to N-acetyl-d-mannosamine and pyruvate, with a wide linear detection range (1-100 nM), the lowest detection limit of 0.2 nM, and a quantification limit of 0.69 nM, convenient for clinical threshold diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramya Kanagaraj
- Electrodics and Electrocatalysis Division, CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute (CECRI), Karaikudi 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201 002, India
| | - Vinoth Krishnan
- Electrodics and Electrocatalysis Division, CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute (CECRI), Karaikudi 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201 002, India
| | - Shanmugam Senthil Kumar
- Electrodics and Electrocatalysis Division, CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute (CECRI), Karaikudi 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201 002, India
| | - Murugan Veerapandian
- Electrodics and Electrocatalysis Division, CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute (CECRI), Karaikudi 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201 002, India
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Alshanski I, Toraskar S, Gordon-Levitan D, Massetti M, Jain P, Vaccaro L, Kikkeri R, Hurevich M, Yitzchaik S. Surface-Controlled Sialoside-Based Biosensing of Viral and Bacterial Neuraminidases. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:7471-7478. [PMID: 38554266 PMCID: PMC11008233 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c03943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
Neuraminidases (NA) are sialic acid-cleaving enzymes that are used by both bacteria and viruses. These enzymes have sialoside structure-related binding and cleaving preferences. Differentiating between these enzymes requires using a large array of hard-to-access sialosides. In this work, we used electrochemical impedimetric biosensing to differentiate among several pathogene-related NAs. We used a limited set of sialosides and tailored the surface properties. Various sialosides were grafted on two different surfaces with unique properties. Electrografting on glassy carbon electrodes provided low-density sialoside-functionalized surfaces with a hydrophobic submonolayer. A two-step assembly on gold electrodes provided a denser sialoside layer on a negatively charged submonolayer. The synthesis of each sialoside required dozens of laborious steps. Utilizing the unique protein-electrode interaction modes resulted in richer biodata without increasing the synthetic load. These principles allowed for profiling NAs and determining the efficacy of various antiviral inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israel Alshanski
- The
Institute of Chemistry and Center of Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Suraj Toraskar
- Indian
Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
| | - Daniel Gordon-Levitan
- The
Institute of Chemistry and Center of Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Marco Massetti
- The
Institute of Chemistry and Center of Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
- Laboratory
of Green Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologiae Biotecnologie Università di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Prashant Jain
- Indian
Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
| | - Luigi Vaccaro
- Laboratory
of Green Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologiae Biotecnologie Università di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Raghavendra Kikkeri
- Indian
Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
| | - Mattan Hurevich
- The
Institute of Chemistry and Center of Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Shlomo Yitzchaik
- The
Institute of Chemistry and Center of Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
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Liang W, Chen ZJ, Lai CH. Fabrication of a reusable electrochemical platform based on acid-responsive host-guest interaction with β- cyclodextrin. Carbohydr Res 2023; 534:108966. [PMID: 37844371 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2023.108966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
A reusable electrochemical glassy carbon electrode (GCE) platform based on the acid-responsive host-guest interaction between β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) and benzimidazole (BM) derivatives was developed. The β-CD can specifically recognize the BM derivative through the acid -responsive host-guest interaction. The electrode was first modified by eletrografting to immobilize a diamine linker (Boc-EDA), resulting in GCEBoc-EDA in which one amine was used for covalent immobilization to the electrode and another Boc protected amine was used to solid-phase synthesis on following step-by-step modifications on the electrode. After deprotection of the Boc group on the GCEBoc-EDA, carbonyldiimidazole (CDI)-activated β-CD was coupled with -NH2 on the electrode to result in GCEβ-CD. Due to the nonspecific interaction, we further improved the GCEβ-CD electrode by introducing immobilized poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether (PEG-Me) to result in GCEβ-CD/PEG-Me, along with optimized procedures. CV, DPV, and EIS methods were applied for recording the electrochemistry signals. We utilized GCEβ-CD/PEG-Me to investigate the host-guest interaction and found the electrochemical signal exhibited dynamic behavior. The GCEβ-CD/PEG-Me was able to regenerate the β-CD surface more than 20 times after HCl acidic washes. We further investigated the interaction of carbendazim (CBZ), a commonly used fungicide in the agriculture and food industry, and observed a positive electrochemical response. The sensor design has potential applications in ensuring food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wun Liang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
| | - Zhi-Jia Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
| | - Chian-Hui Lai
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan; Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan.
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4
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Harduin-Lepers A. The vertebrate sialylation machinery: structure-function and molecular evolution of GT-29 sialyltransferases. Glycoconj J 2023; 40:473-492. [PMID: 37247156 PMCID: PMC10225777 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-023-10123-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Every eukaryotic cell is covered with a thick layer of complex carbohydrates with essential roles in their social life. In Deuterostoma, sialic acids present at the outermost positions of glycans of glycoconjugates are known to be key players in cellular interactions including host-pathogen interactions. Their negative charge and hydrophilic properties enable their roles in various normal and pathological states and their expression is altered in many diseases including cancers. Sialylation of glycoproteins and glycolipids is orchestrated by the regulated expression of twenty sialyltransferases in human tissues with distinct enzymatic characteristics and preferences for substrates and linkages formed. However, still very little is known on the functional organization of sialyltransferases in the Golgi apparatus and how the sialylation machinery is finely regulated to provide the ad hoc sialome to the cell. This review summarizes current knowledge on sialyltransferases, their structure-function relationships, molecular evolution, and their implications in human biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Harduin-Lepers
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000, Lille, France.
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5
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Alshanski I, Toraskar S, Shitrit A, Gordon-Levitan D, Jain P, Kikkeri R, Hurevich M, Yitzchaik S. Biocatalysis versus Molecular Recognition in Sialoside-Selective Neuraminidase Biosensing. ACS Chem Biol 2023; 18:605-614. [PMID: 36792550 PMCID: PMC10028605 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.2c00913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Sialic acid recognition and hydrolysis are essential parts of cellular function and pathogen infectivity. Neuraminidases are enzymes that detach sialic acid from sialosides, and their inhibition is a prime target for viral infection treatment. The connectivity and type of sialic acid influence the recognition and hydrolysis activity of the many different neuraminidases. The common strategies to evaluate neuraminidase activity, recognition, and inhibition rely on extensive labeling and require a large amount of sialylated glycans. The above limitations make the effort of finding viral inhibitors extremely difficult. We used synthetic sialylated glycans and developed a label-free electrochemical method to show that sialoside structural features lead to selective neuraminidase biosensing. We compared Neu5Ac to Neu5Gc sialosides to evaluate the organism-dependent neuraminidase selectivity-sensitivity relationship. We demonstrated that the type of surface and the glycan monolayer density direct the response to either binding or enzymatic activity. We proved that while the hydrophobic glassy carbon surface increases the interaction with the enzyme hydrophobic interface, the negatively charged interface of the lipoic acid monolayer on gold repels the protein and enables biocatalysis. We showed that the sialoside monolayers can serve as tools to evaluate the inhibition of neuraminidases both by biocatalysis and molecular recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israel Alshanski
- The Institute of Chemistry and Center of Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Suraj Toraskar
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
| | - Ariel Shitrit
- The Institute of Chemistry and Center of Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Daniel Gordon-Levitan
- The Institute of Chemistry and Center of Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Prashant Jain
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
| | - Raghavendra Kikkeri
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
| | - Mattan Hurevich
- The Institute of Chemistry and Center of Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Shlomo Yitzchaik
- The Institute of Chemistry and Center of Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
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6
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Joshi PN, Mervinetsky E, Solomon O, Chen YJ, Yitzchaik S, Friedler A. Electrochemical biosensors based on peptide-kinase interactions at the kinase docking site. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 207:114177. [PMID: 35305389 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Kinases are important cancer biomarkers and are conventionally detected based on their catalytic activity. Kinases regulate cellular activities by phosphorylation of motif-specific multiple substrate proteins, resulting in a lack of selectivity of activity-based kinase biosensors. We present an alternative approach of sensing kinases based on the interactions of their allosteric docking sites with a specific partner protein. The new approach was demonstrated for the ERK2 kinase and its substrate ELK-1. A peptide derived from ELK-1 was bound to a gold electrode and ERK2 sensing was performed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. We performed a detailed analysis of the interaction between the ELK-1 peptide and the kinase on gold surfaces. Atomic force microscopy, variable angle spectroscopic ellipsometry, X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy, and polarization modulation IR reflection-absorption spectroscopy analysis of the gold surface revealed the adsorbed layer of the ERK2 on the peptide monolayer. The sensors showed a high level of target selectivity for ERK2 compared to the p38γ kinase and BSA. ERK2 was detected in its cellular concentration range, 0.5-2.0 μM, and the limit of detection was calculated to be 0.35 μM. Using the flexibility of peptide design, our method is generic for developing sensitive and substrate-specific biosensors and other disease-related enzymes based on their interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pralhad Namdev Joshi
- Institute of Chemistry and the Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel
| | - Evgeniy Mervinetsky
- Institute of Chemistry and the Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel
| | - Ohad Solomon
- Institute of Chemistry and the Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel
| | - Yu-Ju Chen
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shlomo Yitzchaik
- Institute of Chemistry and the Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel.
| | - Assaf Friedler
- Institute of Chemistry and the Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel.
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7
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Alshanski I, Shitrit A, Sukhran Y, Unverzagt C, Hurevich M, Yitzchaik S. Effect of Interfacial Properties on Impedimetric Biosensing of the Sialylation Process with a Biantennary N-Glycan-Based Monolayer. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:849-855. [PMID: 34989586 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c02995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Sensing enzymatic sialylation provides new tools for the evaluation of pathological events and pathogen invasion. Enzymatic sialylation is usually monitored via fluorescence or metabolic labeling, which requires relatively large amounts of the glycan substrate with limited availability. Using a label-free biosensor requires smaller quantities of substrates because the interactions induce measurable changes to an interface, which can be translated into a signal. The downside of label-free biosensors is that they are very sensitive to changes at the interface, and the properties of the surface layer can play a major role. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was used here to follow the enzymatic sialylation of a biantennary N-glycan acceptor in mixed monolayers. The surfaces contained either neutral, positively or negatively charged, or zwitterionic functional groups. The systems were characterized by contact potential difference, ellipsometry, and contact angle analyses. We found that the characteristics of the mixed monolayer have a profound effect on the biosensing of the enzymatic sialylation. Positively charged layers were found to adsorb the enzyme under the reaction conditions. Negatively charged and zwitterionic surfaces were nonresponsive to enzymatic sialylation. Only the neutral mixed monolayers provided signals that were related directly to enzymatic sialylation. This work demonstrates the importance of appropriate interface properties for monitoring enzymatic sialylation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israel Alshanski
- Institute of Chemistry and Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Ariel Shitrit
- Institute of Chemistry and Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Yonatan Sukhran
- Institute of Chemistry and Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Carlo Unverzagt
- Bioorganic Chemistry, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Mattan Hurevich
- Institute of Chemistry and Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Shlomo Yitzchaik
- Institute of Chemistry and Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
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Brunori F, Padhi DK, Alshanski I, Freyse J, Dürig JN, Penk A, Vaccaro L, Hurevich M, Rademann J, Yitzchaik S. Sulfation Pattern Dependent Iron(III) Mediated Interleukin-8 Glycan Binding. Chembiochem 2021; 23:e202100552. [PMID: 34851004 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202100552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cytokines such as interleukin-8 activate the immune system during infection and interact with sulfated glycosaminoglycans with specific sulfation patterns. In some cases, these interactions are mediated by metal ion binding which can be used to tune surface-based glycan-protein interactions. We evaluated the effect of both hyaluronan sulfation degree and Fe3+ on interleukin-8 binding by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and surface characterizations. Our results show that sulfation degree and metal ion interactions have a synergistic effect in tuning the electrochemical response of the glycated surfaces to the cytokine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Brunori
- Institute of Chemistry and Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel.,Laboratory of Green Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologiae Biotecnologie, Università di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Deepak Kumar Padhi
- Institute of Chemistry and Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
| | - Israel Alshanski
- Institute of Chemistry and Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
| | - Joanna Freyse
- Medicinal Chemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Strasse 2+4, Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | - Jan-Niklas Dürig
- Medicinal Chemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Strasse 2+4, Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | - Anja Penk
- Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Leipzig University, Medical Faculty, Härtelstraße 16/18, 04107, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Luigi Vaccaro
- Laboratory of Green Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologiae Biotecnologie, Università di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Mattan Hurevich
- Institute of Chemistry and Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
| | - Jörg Rademann
- Medicinal Chemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Strasse 2+4, Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | - Shlomo Yitzchaik
- Institute of Chemistry and Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
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Yu H, Li Y, Huang A. Detection of sialic acid using boronic-acid-functionalized metal organic framework UiO-66-NH 2@B(OH) 2. Talanta 2021; 232:122434. [PMID: 34074419 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Sialic acid (SA) is a crucial component of glycoproteins and glycolipids on the cellular membrane, which is essential for maintaining the function of cell membranes, such as cell recognition and communication. Simultaneously, sialic acid plays a significant role in many physiological and pathological processes. Hence, it is urgent to develop a simple and sensitive strategy for determining sialic acid. In this work, a new metal-organic framework called UiO-66-NH2@B(OH)2 has been designed and synthesized for the recognition and detection of sialic acid. The boronic acid functional group in UiO-66-NH2@B(OH)2 can bind to a diol moiety of the glycerol side chain of sialic acid, which will attenuate or even quench the fluorescence of UiO-66-NH2@B(OH)2, thus opening a new road to detect sialic acid. Based on the measurement results, sialic acid can be quantitatively measured in a linear range of 0.05-2.5 mmoL/L with the UiO-66-NH2@B(OH)2 probe. The detection limit of sialic acid is as low as 0.025 mmol/L. Furthermore, the boronic-acid functionalized probe UiO-66-NH2@B(OH)2 displays high sensitivity and high selectivity to recognize the sialic acid in mouse serum samples. Therefore, the developed UiO-66-NH2@B(OH)2 can be used as a promising probe to identify and detect sialic acid in the practical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huazheng Yu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, Department of Chemistry, East China Normal University, Dongchuan Road 500, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Yanhong Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, Department of Chemistry, East China Normal University, Dongchuan Road 500, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Aisheng Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, Department of Chemistry, East China Normal University, Dongchuan Road 500, Shanghai, 200241, China.
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