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Herry G, Fustec JC, Le Bihan F, Harnois M. Substrate-Free Transfer of Silicon- and Metallic-Based Strain Sensors on Textile and in Composite Material for Structural Health Monitoring. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:22113-22121. [PMID: 38636102 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c01055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
New technologies to integrate electronics and sensors on or into objects can support the growth of embedded electronics. The method proposed in this paper has the huge advantage of being substrate-free and applicable to a wide range of target materials such as fiber-based composites, widely used in manufacturing, and for which monitoring applications such as fatigue, cracks, and deformation detection are crucial. Here, sensors are first fabricated on a donor substrate using standard microelectronic processes and then transferred to the host material by direct transfer printing. Results show the viability of composites instrumented by strain gauges. Indeed, dynamic and static measurements highlight that the deformations can be detected with high sensitivity both on the surface and at various points in the depth of the composite material. Thanks to this technology, for the first time, a substrate-free piezoresistive n-doped silicon strain sensor is transferred into a composite material and characterized as a function of strain applied on it. It is shown that the transfer process does not alter the electrical behavior of the sensors that are five times more sensitive than extensively used metallic ones. An application designed for monitoring the deformation of a rudder foil with a classic NACA profile in real time is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaëtan Herry
- Institut d'Electronique et des Technologies du Numérique UMR CNRS 6164, Université de Rennes, Campus Beaulieu Rennes, Rennes 35042 CEDEX France
| | - Jean-Charles Fustec
- Institut d'Electronique et des Technologies du Numérique UMR CNRS 6164, Université de Rennes, Campus Beaulieu Rennes, Rennes 35042 CEDEX France
| | - France Le Bihan
- Institut d'Electronique et des Technologies du Numérique UMR CNRS 6164, Université de Rennes, Campus Beaulieu Rennes, Rennes 35042 CEDEX France
| | - Maxime Harnois
- Institut d'Electronique et des Technologies du Numérique UMR CNRS 6164, Université de Rennes, Campus Beaulieu Rennes, Rennes 35042 CEDEX France
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2
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Varaganti P, Seo S. Recent Advances in Biomimetics for the Development of Bio-Inspired Prosthetic Limbs. Biomimetics (Basel) 2024; 9:273. [PMID: 38786483 PMCID: PMC11118077 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics9050273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent advancements in biomimetics have spurred significant innovations in prosthetic limb development by leveraging the intricate designs and mechanisms found in nature. Biomimetics, also known as "nature-inspired engineering", involves studying and emulating biological systems to address complex human challenges. This comprehensive review provides insights into the latest trends in biomimetic prosthetics, focusing on leveraging knowledge from natural biomechanics, sensory feedback mechanisms, and control systems to closely mimic biological appendages. Highlighted breakthroughs include the integration of cutting-edge materials and manufacturing techniques such as 3D printing, facilitating seamless anatomical integration of prosthetic limbs. Additionally, the incorporation of neural interfaces and sensory feedback systems enhances control and movement, while technologies like 3D scanning enable personalized customization, optimizing comfort and functionality for individual users. Ongoing research efforts in biomimetics hold promise for further advancements, offering enhanced mobility and integration for individuals with limb loss or impairment. This review illuminates the dynamic landscape of biomimetic prosthetic technology, emphasizing its transformative potential in rehabilitation and assistive technologies. It envisions a future where prosthetic solutions seamlessly integrate with the human body, augmenting both mobility and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Soonmin Seo
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea;
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3
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Ferreira R, Silva AP, Nunes-Pereira J. Current On-Skin Flexible Sensors, Materials, Manufacturing Approaches, and Study Trends for Health Monitoring: A Review. ACS Sens 2024; 9:1104-1133. [PMID: 38394033 PMCID: PMC10964246 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c02555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Due to an ever-increasing amount of the population focusing more on their personal health, thanks to rising living standards, there is a pressing need to improve personal healthcare devices. These devices presently require laborious, time-consuming, and convoluted procedures that heavily rely on cumbersome equipment, causing discomfort and pain for the patients during invasive methods such as sample-gathering, blood sampling, and other traditional benchtop techniques. The solution lies in the development of new flexible sensors with temperature, humidity, strain, pressure, and sweat detection and monitoring capabilities, mimicking some of the sensory capabilities of the skin. In this review, a comprehensive presentation of the themes regarding flexible sensors, chosen materials, manufacturing processes, and trends was made. It was concluded that carbon-based composite materials, along with graphene and its derivates, have garnered significant interest due to their electromechanical stability, extraordinary electrical conductivity, high specific surface area, variety, and relatively low cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo
G. Ferreira
- C-MAST, Centre for Mechanical and Aerospace
Science and Technologies, Universidade da
Beira Interior, Rua Marquês d’Ávila e Bolama, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Abílio P. Silva
- C-MAST, Centre for Mechanical and Aerospace
Science and Technologies, Universidade da
Beira Interior, Rua Marquês d’Ávila e Bolama, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - João Nunes-Pereira
- C-MAST, Centre for Mechanical and Aerospace
Science and Technologies, Universidade da
Beira Interior, Rua Marquês d’Ávila e Bolama, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal
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4
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Thirabowonkitphithan P, Žalnėravičius R, Shafaat A, Jakubauskas D, Neilands J, Laiwattanapaisal W, Ruzgas T. Electrogenicity of microbial biofilms of medically relevant microorganisms: potentiometric, amperometric and wireless detection. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 246:115892. [PMID: 38056343 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Since the progression of biofilm formation is related to the success of infection treatment, detecting microbial biofilms is of great interest. Biofilms of Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus gordonii bacteria, Gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli bacteria, and Candida albicans yeast were examined using potentiometric, amperometric, and wireless readout modes in this study. As a biofilm formed, the open circuit potential (OCP) of biofilm hosting electrode (bioanode) became increasingly negative. Depending on the microorganism, the OCP ranged from -70 to -250 mV. The co-culture generated the most negative OCP (-300 mV vs Ag/AgCl), while the single-species biofilm formed by E. coli developed the least negative (-70 mV). The OCP of a fungal biofilm formed by C. albicans was -100 mV. The difference in electrode currents generated by biofilms was more pronounced. The current density of the S. aureus biofilm was 0.9‧10-7 A cm-2, while the value of the P. aeruginosa biofilm was 1.3‧10-6 A cm-2. Importantly, a biofilm formed by a co-culture of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa had a slightly higher negative OCP value and current density than the most electrogenic P. aeruginosa single-species biofilm. We present evidence that bacteria can share redox mediators found in multi-species biofilms. This synergy, enabling higher current and OCP values of multi-species biofilm hosting electrodes, could be beneficial for electrochemical detection of infectious biofilms in clinics. We demonstrate that the electrogenic biofilm can provide basis to construct novel wireless, chip-free, and battery-free biofilm detection method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pannawich Thirabowonkitphithan
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö University, 205 06, Malmö, Sweden; Biofilms - Research Center for Biointerfaces, Malmö University, 205 06, Malmö, Sweden; Graduate Program in Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Patumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Rokas Žalnėravičius
- Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Department of Electrochemical Material Science, Sauletekio av. 3, LT-10257, Vilnius, Lithuania; Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Centre, Vilnius University, Sauletekio av. 7, LT-10257, Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Atefeh Shafaat
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö University, 205 06, Malmö, Sweden; Biofilms - Research Center for Biointerfaces, Malmö University, 205 06, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Dainius Jakubauskas
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö University, 205 06, Malmö, Sweden; Biofilms - Research Center for Biointerfaces, Malmö University, 205 06, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Jessica Neilands
- Section for Oral Biology and Pathology, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, 205 06, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Wanida Laiwattanapaisal
- Centre of Excellence for Biosensors and Bioengineering (CEBB), Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand; Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Patumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| | - Tautgirdas Ruzgas
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö University, 205 06, Malmö, Sweden; Biofilms - Research Center for Biointerfaces, Malmö University, 205 06, Malmö, Sweden
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5
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Cao J, Wu B, Yuan P, Liu Y, Hu C. Progress of Research on Conductive Hydrogels in Flexible Wearable Sensors. Gels 2024; 10:144. [PMID: 38391474 PMCID: PMC10887588 DOI: 10.3390/gels10020144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Conductive hydrogels, characterized by their excellent conductivity and flexibility, have attracted widespread attention and research in the field of flexible wearable sensors. This paper reviews the application progress, related challenges, and future prospects of conductive hydrogels in flexible wearable sensors. Initially, the basic properties and classifications of conductive hydrogels are introduced. Subsequently, this paper discusses in detail the specific applications of conductive hydrogels in different sensor applications, such as motion detection, medical diagnostics, electronic skin, and human-computer interactions. Finally, the application prospects and challenges are summarized. Overall, the exceptional performance and multifunctionality of conductive hydrogels make them one of the most important materials for future wearable technologies. However, further research and innovation are needed to overcome the challenges faced and to realize the wider application of conductive hydrogels in flexible sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Cao
- School of Fashion and Design Art, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Bo Wu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Ping Yuan
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Yeqi Liu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Cheng Hu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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Chang S, Koo JH, Yoo J, Kim MS, Choi MK, Kim DH, Song YM. Flexible and Stretchable Light-Emitting Diodes and Photodetectors for Human-Centric Optoelectronics. Chem Rev 2024; 124:768-859. [PMID: 38241488 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Optoelectronic devices with unconventional form factors, such as flexible and stretchable light-emitting or photoresponsive devices, are core elements for the next-generation human-centric optoelectronics. For instance, these deformable devices can be utilized as closely fitted wearable sensors to acquire precise biosignals that are subsequently uploaded to the cloud for immediate examination and diagnosis, and also can be used for vision systems for human-interactive robotics. Their inception was propelled by breakthroughs in novel optoelectronic material technologies and device blueprinting methodologies, endowing flexibility and mechanical resilience to conventional rigid optoelectronic devices. This paper reviews the advancements in such soft optoelectronic device technologies, honing in on various materials, manufacturing techniques, and device design strategies. We will first highlight the general approaches for flexible and stretchable device fabrication, including the appropriate material selection for the substrate, electrodes, and insulation layers. We will then focus on the materials for flexible and stretchable light-emitting diodes, their device integration strategies, and representative application examples. Next, we will move on to the materials for flexible and stretchable photodetectors, highlighting the state-of-the-art materials and device fabrication methods, followed by their representative application examples. At the end, a brief summary will be given, and the potential challenges for further development of functional devices will be discussed as a conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sehui Chang
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Ja Hoon Koo
- Department of Semiconductor Systems Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Semiconductor and System IC, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisu Yoo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Seok Kim
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon Kee Choi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Semiconductor Materials and Devices Engineering, Center for Future Semiconductor Technology (FUST), UNIST, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Hyeong Kim
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University (SNU), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, SNU, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering, SNU, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Min Song
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Artificial Intelligence (AI) Graduate School, GIST, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
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7
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Pan D, Hu J, Wang B, Xia X, Cheng Y, Wang C, Lu Y. Biomimetic Wearable Sensors: Emerging Combination of Intelligence and Electronics. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2303264. [PMID: 38044298 PMCID: PMC10837381 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202303264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Owing to the advancement of interdisciplinary concepts, for example, wearable electronics, bioelectronics, and intelligent sensing, during the microelectronics industrial revolution, nowadays, extensively mature wearable sensing devices have become new favorites in the noninvasive human healthcare industry. The combination of wearable sensing devices with bionics is driving frontier developments in various fields, such as personalized medical monitoring and flexible electronics, due to the superior biocompatibilities and diverse sensing mechanisms. It is noticed that the integration of desired functions into wearable device materials can be realized by grafting biomimetic intelligence. Therefore, herein, the mechanism by which biomimetic materials satisfy and further enhance system functionality is reviewed. Next, wearable artificial sensory systems that integrate biomimetic sensing into portable sensing devices are introduced, which have received significant attention from the industry owing to their novel sensing approaches and portabilities. To address the limitations encountered by important signal and data units in biomimetic wearable sensing systems, two paths forward are identified and current challenges and opportunities are presented in this field. In summary, this review provides a further comprehensive understanding of the development of biomimetic wearable sensing devices from both breadth and depth perspectives, offering valuable guidance for future research and application expansion of these devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donglei Pan
- College of Light Industry and Food EngineeringGuangxi UniversityNanningGuangxi530004China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial BiocatalysisMinistry of EducationDepartment of Chemical EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
| | - Jiawang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial BiocatalysisMinistry of EducationDepartment of Chemical EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
| | - Bin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial BiocatalysisMinistry of EducationDepartment of Chemical EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
| | - Xuanjie Xia
- Key Laboratory of Industrial BiocatalysisMinistry of EducationDepartment of Chemical EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
| | - Yifan Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Industrial BiocatalysisMinistry of EducationDepartment of Chemical EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
| | - Cheng‐Hua Wang
- College of Light Industry and Food EngineeringGuangxi UniversityNanningGuangxi530004China
| | - Yuan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial BiocatalysisMinistry of EducationDepartment of Chemical EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
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8
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Zhang Y, Tang Q, Zhou J, Zhao C, Li J, Wang H. Conductive and Eco-friendly Biomaterials-based Hydrogels for Noninvasive Epidermal Sensors: A Review. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024; 10:191-218. [PMID: 38052003 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c01003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
As noninvasive wearable electronic devices, epidermal sensors enable continuous, real-time, and remote monitoring of various human physiological parameters. Conductive biomaterials-based hydrogels as sensor matrix materials have good biocompatibility, biodegradability, and efficient stimulus response capabilities and are widely applied in motion monitoring, healthcare, and human-machine interaction. However, biomass hydrogel-based epidermal sensing devices still need excellent mechanical properties, prolonged stability, multifunctionality, and extensive practicality. Therefore, this paper reviews the common biomass hydrogel materials for epidermal sensing (proteins, polysaccharides, polyphenols, etc.) and the various types of noninvasive sensing devices (strain/pressure sensors, temperature sensors, glucose sensors, electrocardiograms, etc.). Moreover, this review focuses on the strategies of scholars to enhance sensor properties, such as strength, conductivity, stability, adhesion, and self-healing ability. This work will guide the preparation and optimization of high-performance biomaterials-based hydrogel epidermal sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibo Zhang
- School of Information Science and Technology, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266061, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, P. R. China
| | - Qianhui Tang
- School of Marine Technology and Environment, Dalian Ocean University, 52 Heishijiao Street, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, P. R. China
| | - Junyang Zhou
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Chenghao Zhao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, P. R. China
| | - Jingpeng Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, P. R. China
| | - Haiting Wang
- School of Information Science and Technology, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266061, China
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9
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Lv L, Liu T, Jiang T, Li J, Zhang J, Zhou Q, Dhakal R, Li X, Li Y, Yao Z. A highly sensitive flexible capacitive pressure sensor with hierarchical pyramid micro-structured PDMS-based dielectric layer for health monitoring. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1303142. [PMID: 38026884 PMCID: PMC10665575 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1303142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein, a flexible pressure sensor with high sensitivity was created using a dielectric layer featuring a hierarchical pyramid microstructure, both in simulation and fabrication. The capacitive pressure sensor comprises a hierarchically arranged dielectric layer made of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) with pyramid microstructures, positioned between copper electrodes at the top and bottom. The achievement of superior sensing performance is highly contingent upon the thickness of the dielectric layer, as indicated by both empirical findings and finite-element analysis. Specifically, the capacitive pressure sensor, featuring a dielectric layer thickness of 0.5 mm, exhibits a remarkable sensitivity of 0.77 kPa-1 within the pressure range below 1 kPa. It also demonstrates an impressive response time of 55 ms and recovery time of 42 ms, along with a low detection limit of 8 Pa. Furthermore, this sensor showcases exceptional stability and reproducibility with up to 1,000 cycles. Considering its exceptional achievements, the pressure sensor has been effectively utilized for monitoring physiological signals, sign language gestures, and vertical mechanical force exerted on objects. Additionally, a 5 × 5 sensor array was fabricated to accurately and precisely map the shape and position of objects. The pressure sensor with advanced performance shows broad potential in electronic skin applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyu Lv
- Heart Center, Qingdao Hiser Hospital Affiliated of Qingdao University (Qingdao Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital), Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- College of Electronics and Information, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Tianxiang Liu
- Heart Center, Qingdao Hiser Hospital Affiliated of Qingdao University (Qingdao Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital), Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- College of Electronics and Information, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ting Jiang
- Heart Center, Qingdao Hiser Hospital Affiliated of Qingdao University (Qingdao Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital), Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jiamin Li
- Heart Center, Qingdao Hiser Hospital Affiliated of Qingdao University (Qingdao Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital), Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- College of Electronics and Information, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Heart Center, Qingdao Hiser Hospital Affiliated of Qingdao University (Qingdao Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital), Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- College of Electronics and Information, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qihui Zhou
- Heart Center, Qingdao Hiser Hospital Affiliated of Qingdao University (Qingdao Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital), Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences and Engineering, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Rajendra Dhakal
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiao Li
- Hisense Visual Technology Co., Ltd., Qingdao, China
| | - Yuanyue Li
- College of Electronics and Information, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhao Yao
- Heart Center, Qingdao Hiser Hospital Affiliated of Qingdao University (Qingdao Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital), Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- College of Electronics and Information, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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Mousavi A, Rahimnejad M, Azimzadeh M, Akbari M, Savoji H. Recent advances in smart wearable sensors as electronic skin. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:10332-10354. [PMID: 37909384 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb01373a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Flexible and multifunctional electronic devices and soft robots inspired by human organs, such as skin, have many applications. However, the emergence of electronic skins (e-skins) or textiles in biomedical engineering has made a great revolution in a myriad of people's lives who suffer from different types of diseases and problems in which their skin and muscles lose their appropriate functions. In this review, recent advances in the sensory function of the e-skins are described. Furthermore, we have categorized them from the sensory function perspective and highlighted their advantages and limitations. The categories are tactile sensors (including capacitive, piezoresistive, piezoelectric, triboelectric, and optical), temperature, and multi-sensors. In addition, we summarized the most recent advancements in sensors and their particular features. The role of material selection and structure in sensory function and other features of the e-skins are also discussed. Finally, current challenges and future prospects of these systems towards advanced biomedical applications are elaborated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mousavi
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada.
- Research Center, Sainte-Justine University Hospital, Montreal, QC, H3T 1C5, Canada
- Montreal TransMedTech Institute, Montreal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Maedeh Rahimnejad
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences, and Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Mostafa Azimzadeh
- Laboratory for Innovations in Micro Engineering (LiME), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Mohsen Akbari
- Laboratory for Innovations in Micro Engineering (LiME), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Houman Savoji
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada.
- Research Center, Sainte-Justine University Hospital, Montreal, QC, H3T 1C5, Canada
- Montreal TransMedTech Institute, Montreal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada
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Attivissimo F, D’Alessandro VI, De Palma L, Lanzolla AML, Di Nisio A. Non-Invasive Blood Pressure Sensing via Machine Learning. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:8342. [PMID: 37837172 PMCID: PMC10574845 DOI: 10.3390/s23198342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, a machine learning (ML) approach to estimate blood pressure (BP) using photoplethysmography (PPG) is presented. The final aim of this paper was to develop ML methods for estimating blood pressure (BP) in a non-invasive way that is suitable in a telemedicine health-care monitoring context. The training of regression models useful for estimating systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was conducted using new extracted features from PPG signals processed using the Maximal Overlap Discrete Wavelet Transform (MODWT). As a matter of fact, the interest was on the use of the most significant features obtained by the Minimum Redundancy Maximum Relevance (MRMR) selection algorithm to train eXtreme Gradient Boost (XGBoost) and Neural Network (NN) models. This aim was satisfactorily achieved by also comparing it with works in the literature; in fact, it was found that XGBoost models are more accurate than NN models in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure measurements, obtaining a Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) for SBP and DBP, respectively, of 5.67 mmHg and 3.95 mmHg. For SBP measurement, this result is an improvement compared to that reported in the literature. Furthermore, the trained XGBoost regression model fulfills the requirements of the Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation (AAMI) as well as grade A of the British Hypertension Society (BHS) standard.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Anna Maria Lucia Lanzolla
- Department of Electrical and Information Engineering, Polytechnic University of Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy; (F.A.); (V.I.D.); (L.D.P.); (A.D.N.)
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12
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Ju F, Wang Y, Yin B, Zhao M, Zhang Y, Gong Y, Jiao C. Microfluidic Wearable Devices for Sports Applications. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:1792. [PMID: 37763955 PMCID: PMC10535163 DOI: 10.3390/mi14091792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to systematically review the application and research progress of flexible microfluidic wearable devices in the field of sports. The research team thoroughly investigated the use of life signal-monitoring technology for flexible wearable devices in the domain of sports. In addition, the classification of applications, the current status, and the developmental trends of similar products and equipment were evaluated. Scholars expect the provision of valuable references and guidance for related research and the development of the sports industry. The use of microfluidic detection for collecting biomarkers can mitigate the impact of sweat on movements that are common in sports and can also address the issue of discomfort after prolonged use. Flexible wearable gadgets are normally utilized to monitor athletic performance, rehabilitation, and training. Nevertheless, the research and development of such devices is limited, mostly catering to professional athletes. Devices for those who are inexperienced in sports and disabled populations are lacking. Conclusions: Upgrading microfluidic chip technology can lead to accurate and safe sports monitoring. Moreover, the development of multi-functional and multi-site devices can provide technical support to athletes during their training and competitions while also fostering technological innovation in the field of sports science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyuan Ju
- College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China; (F.J.); (Y.W.); (M.Z.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yujie Wang
- College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China; (F.J.); (Y.W.); (M.Z.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Binfeng Yin
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China;
| | - Mengyun Zhao
- College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China; (F.J.); (Y.W.); (M.Z.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yupeng Zhang
- College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China; (F.J.); (Y.W.); (M.Z.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yuanyuan Gong
- Institute of Physical Education, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China;
| | - Changgeng Jiao
- Institute of Physical Education, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China;
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13
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Kim J, Kim Y, Lee J, Shin M, Son D. Wearable Liquid Metal Composite with Skin-Adhesive Chitosan-Alginate-Chitosan Hydrogel for Stable Electromyogram Signal Monitoring. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3692. [PMID: 37765548 PMCID: PMC10536051 DOI: 10.3390/polym15183692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In wearable bioelectronics, various studies have focused on enhancing prosthetic control accuracy by improving the quality of physiological signals. The fabrication of conductive composites through the addition of metal fillers is one way to achieve stretchability, conductivity, and biocompatibility. However, it is difficult to measure stable biological signals using these soft electronics during physical activities because of the slipping issues of the devices, which results in the inaccurate placement of the device at the target part of the body. To address these limitations, it is necessary to reduce the stiffness of the conductive materials and enhance the adhesion between the device and the skin. In this study, we measured the electromyography (EMG) signals by applying a three-layered hydrogel structure composed of chitosan-alginate-chitosan (CAC) to a stretchable electrode fabricated using a composite of styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene and eutectic gallium-indium. We observed stable adhesion of the CAC hydrogel to the skin, which aided in keeping the electrode attached to the skin during the subject movement. Finally, we fabricated a multichannel array of CAC-coated composite electrodes (CACCE) to demonstrate the accurate classification of the EMG signals based on hand movements and channel placement, which was followed by the movement of the robot arm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaehyon Kim
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Yewon Kim
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaebeom Lee
- Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea (M.S.)
| | - Mikyung Shin
- Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea (M.S.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghee Son
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Superintelligence Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
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14
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Salvadores Fernandez C, Jaufuraully S, Bagchi B, Chen W, Datta P, Gupta P, David AL, Siassakos D, Desjardins A, Tiwari MK. A Triboelectric Nanocomposite for Sterile Sensing, Energy Harvesting, and Haptic Diagnostics in Interventional Procedures from Surgical Gloves. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2202673. [PMID: 36849872 PMCID: PMC10614699 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202202673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Advanced interfacial engineering has the potential to enable the successful realization of three features that are particularly important for a variety of healthcare applications: wettability control, antimicrobial activity to reduce infection risks, and sensing of physiological parameters. Here, a sprayable multifunctional triboelectric coating is exploited as a nontoxic, ultrathin tactile sensor that can be integrated directly on the fingertips of surgical gloves. The coating is based on a polymer blend mixed with zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles, which enables antifouling and antibacterial properties. Additionally, the nanocomposite is superhydrophobic (self-cleaning) and is not cytotoxic. The coating is also triboelectric and can be applied directly onto surgical gloves with printed electrodes. The sensorized gloves so obtained enable mechanical energy harvesting, force sensing, and detection of materials stiffness changes directly from fingertip, which may complement proprioceptive feedback for clinicians. Just as importantly, the sensors also work with a second glove on top offering better reassurance regarding sterility in interventional procedures. As a case study of clinical use for stiffness detection, the sensors demonstrate successful detection of pig anal sphincter injury ex vivo. This may lead to improving the accuracy of diagnosing obstetric anal sphincter injury, resulting in prompt repair, fewer complications, and improved quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Salvadores Fernandez
- Nanoengineered Systems LaboratoryMechanical EngineeringUniversity College LondonLondonWC1E 7JEUK
- Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical SciencesUniversity College LondonLondonW1W 7TSUK
| | - Shireen Jaufuraully
- Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical SciencesUniversity College LondonLondonW1W 7TSUK
- Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Institute for Women's HealthUniversity College LondonLondonWC1E 6AUUK
| | - Biswajoy Bagchi
- Nanoengineered Systems LaboratoryMechanical EngineeringUniversity College LondonLondonWC1E 7JEUK
- Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical SciencesUniversity College LondonLondonW1W 7TSUK
| | - Wenqing Chen
- Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical SciencesUniversity College LondonLondonW1W 7TSUK
- Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Institute for Women's HealthUniversity College LondonLondonWC1E 6AUUK
| | - Priyankan Datta
- Nanoengineered Systems LaboratoryMechanical EngineeringUniversity College LondonLondonWC1E 7JEUK
- Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical SciencesUniversity College LondonLondonW1W 7TSUK
| | - Priya Gupta
- Nanoengineered Systems LaboratoryMechanical EngineeringUniversity College LondonLondonWC1E 7JEUK
- Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical SciencesUniversity College LondonLondonW1W 7TSUK
| | - Anna L. David
- Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical SciencesUniversity College LondonLondonW1W 7TSUK
- Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Institute for Women's HealthUniversity College LondonLondonWC1E 6AUUK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at UCLLondonW1T 7DNUK
| | - Dimitrios Siassakos
- Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical SciencesUniversity College LondonLondonW1W 7TSUK
- Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Institute for Women's HealthUniversity College LondonLondonWC1E 6AUUK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at UCLLondonW1T 7DNUK
| | - Adrien Desjardins
- Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical SciencesUniversity College LondonLondonW1W 7TSUK
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical EngineeringUniversity College LondonLondonWC1E 6BTUK
| | - Manish K. Tiwari
- Nanoengineered Systems LaboratoryMechanical EngineeringUniversity College LondonLondonWC1E 7JEUK
- Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical SciencesUniversity College LondonLondonW1W 7TSUK
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15
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Ravara B, Giuriati W, Maccarone MC, Kern H, Masiero S, Carraro U. Optimized progression of Full-Body In-Bed Gym workout: an educational case report. Eur J Transl Myol 2023. [PMID: 37358234 PMCID: PMC10388607 DOI: 10.4081/ejtm.2023.11525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023] Open
Abstract
People suffering from fatigue syndromes spend less time exercising each day, thus aggravating their motor difficulties. Indeed, muscles and mobility deteriorate with age, while exercising muscles is the only sure countermeasure. It is useful to offer a safe and toll-free rehabilitation training: Full-Body In-Bed Gym, easy to learn and performe at home. We suggest a 10-20 min daily routine of easy and safe physical exercises that may improve the main 200 skeletal muscles used for every-day activities. Many of the exercises can be performed in bed (Full-Body In-Bed Gym), so hospital patients can learn this light workout before leaving the hospital. The routine consists of series of repetitions of 15 bodyweight exercises to be performed one after the other without time breaks in between. Alternating sequences of arm and leg exercises are followed by moving body parts in lying and sitting positions in bed. These are followed by series of tiptoeing off the bed. Progressive improvements can be tested by a series of push-ups on the floor. Starting from 3-5, number of repetitions are increased by adding 3 more every week. To maintain or even shorten total daily time of workout each movement is weekly speeded up. The devoted time every morning (or at least five days a week) to train all the major muscles of the body can remain under 10 minutes. Because there are no breaks during and between sets, the final push-ups become very challenging: at the end of the daily workout heart rate, depth and number of ventilations and frontal perspiration increase for a few minutes. We here provide an example of how to implement the progression of the Full-Body In-Bed Gym presenting an educational Case Report of a trained 80-year old person in stable pharmacological managements. In addition to strengthening the main muscles, including the ventilatory muscles, Although performed in bed, Full-Body In-Bed Gym is a resistance training equivalent to a short jog.. Started in early winter and continued regularly throughout spring and summer, Full-Body In-Bed Gym can help maintain independence of frail people, including those younger persons suffering with the fatigue syndrome related to the viral infection of the recent COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Ravara
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy; CIR-Myo-Interdepartmental Research Center of Myology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy; A&C M-C Foundation for Translational Myology, Padua.
| | - Walter Giuriati
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padua.
| | - Maria Chiara Maccarone
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation School, University of Padova, Padua, Italy; Department of Neuroscience, Section of Rehabilitation, University of Padova, Padua.
| | - Helmut Kern
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rehabilitation Research, St. Pölten, Austria; Institute of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Prim. Dr. H Kern GmbH, Amstetten.
| | - Stefano Masiero
- CIR-Myo-Interdepartmental Research Center of Myology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy; Department of Neuroscience, Section of Rehabilitation, University of Padova, Padua.
| | - Ugo Carraro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy; CIR-Myo-Interdepartmental Research Center of Myology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy; A&C M-C Foundation for Translational Myology, Padua.
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16
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Georgopoulou A, Srisawadi S, Wiroonpochit P, Clemens F. Soft Wearable Piezoresistive Sensors Based on Natural Rubber Fabricated with a Customized Vat-Based Additive Manufacturing Process. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15102410. [PMID: 37242985 DOI: 10.3390/polym15102410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Piezoresistive sensors for monitoring human motions are essential for the prevention and treatment of injury. Natural rubber is a material of renewable origin that can be used for the development of soft wearable sensors. In this study, natural rubber was combined with acetylene black to develop a soft piezoresistive sensing composite for monitoring the motion of human joints. An additive manufacturing technique based on stereolithography was used, and it was seen that the sensors produced with the method could detect even small strains (<10%) successfully. With the same sensor composite fabricated by mold casting, it was not possible to detect low strains reliably. TEM microscopy revealed that the distribution of the filler was not homogeneous for the cast samples, suggesting a directionality of the conductive filler network. For the sensors fabricated through the stereolithography-based method, a homogeneous distribution could be achieved. Based on mechano-electrical characterization, it was seen that the samples produced with AM combined the ability to endure large elongations with a monotonic sensor response. Under dynamic conditions, the sensor response of the samples produced by 3D printing showed lower drift and lower signal relaxation. The piezoresistive sensors were examined for monitoring the motion of the human finger joints. By increasing the bending angle of the sensor, it was possible to increase the sensitivity of the response. With the renewable origin of natural rubber and manufacturing method, the featured sensors can expand the applicability of soft flexible electronics in biomedical applications and devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Georgopoulou
- Department of Advanced Materials and Surfaces, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Material Science and Technology, Ueberlandstrasse 129, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Sasitorn Srisawadi
- National Metal and Materials Technology Center, National Science and Technology Development Agency, 114 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Panithi Wiroonpochit
- National Metal and Materials Technology Center, National Science and Technology Development Agency, 114 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Frank Clemens
- Department of Advanced Materials and Surfaces, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Material Science and Technology, Ueberlandstrasse 129, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
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17
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Levin A, Gong S, Cheng W. Wearable Smart Bandage-Based Bio-Sensors. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:bios13040462. [PMID: 37185537 PMCID: PMC10136806 DOI: 10.3390/bios13040462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Bandage is a well-established industry, whereas wearable electronics is an emerging industry. This review presents the bandage as the base of wearable bioelectronics. It begins with introducing a detailed background to bandages and the development of bandage-based smart sensors, which is followed by a sequential discussion of the technical characteristics of the existing bandages, a more practical methodology for future applications, and manufacturing processes of bandage-based wearable biosensors. The review then elaborates on the advantages of basing the next generation of wearables, such as acceptance by the customers and system approvals, and disposal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arie Levin
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Shu Gong
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Wenlong Cheng
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
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18
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Harding A, Pramanik A, Basak A, Prakash C, Shankar S. Application of additive manufacturing in the biomedical field- A review. ANNALS OF 3D PRINTED MEDICINE 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.stlm.2023.100110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
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19
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Moradi H, Al-Hourani A, Concilia G, Khoshmanesh F, Nezami FR, Needham S, Baratchi S, Khoshmanesh K. Recent developments in modeling, imaging, and monitoring of cardiovascular diseases using machine learning. Biophys Rev 2023; 15:19-33. [PMID: 36909958 PMCID: PMC9995635 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-022-01040-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of mortality, morbidity, and hospitalization around the world. Recent technological advances have facilitated analyzing, visualizing, and monitoring cardiovascular diseases using emerging computational fluid dynamics, blood flow imaging, and wearable sensing technologies. Yet, computational cost, limited spatiotemporal resolution, and obstacles for thorough data analysis have hindered the utility of such techniques to curb cardiovascular diseases. We herein discuss how leveraging machine learning techniques, and in particular deep learning methods, could overcome these limitations and offer promise for translation. We discuss the remarkable capacity of recently developed machine learning techniques to accelerate flow modeling, enhance the resolution while reduce the noise and scanning time of current blood flow imaging techniques, and accurate detection of cardiovascular diseases using a plethora of data collected by wearable sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Moradi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Akram Al-Hourani
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria Australia
| | | | - Farnaz Khoshmanesh
- School of Allied Health, Human Services & Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria Australia
| | - Farhad R. Nezami
- Division of Thoracic and Cardiac Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Scott Needham
- Leading Technology Group, Melbourne, Victoria Australia
| | - Sara Baratchi
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria Australia
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20
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Zhu T, Ni Y, Biesold GM, Cheng Y, Ge M, Li H, Huang J, Lin Z, Lai Y. Recent advances in conductive hydrogels: classifications, properties, and applications. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:473-509. [PMID: 36484322 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00173j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogel-based conductive materials for smart wearable devices have attracted increasing attention due to their excellent flexibility, versatility, and outstanding biocompatibility. This review presents the recent advances in multifunctional conductive hydrogels for electronic devices. First, conductive hydrogels with different components are discussed, including pure single network hydrogels based on conductive polymers, single network hydrogels with additional conductive additives (i.e., nanoparticles, nanowires, and nanosheets), double network hydrogels based on conductive polymers, and double network hydrogels with additional conductive additives. Second, conductive hydrogels with a variety of functionalities, including self-healing, super toughness, self-growing, adhesive, anti-swelling, antibacterial, structural color, hydrophobic, anti-freezing, shape memory and external stimulus responsiveness are introduced in detail. Third, the applications of hydrogels in flexible devices are illustrated (i.e., strain sensors, supercapacitors, touch panels, triboelectric nanogenerator, bioelectronic devices, and robot). Next, the current challenges facing hydrogels are summarized. Finally, an imaginative but reasonable outlook is given, which aims to drive further development in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianxue Zhu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P. R. China.
| | - Yimeng Ni
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P. R. China.
| | - Gill M Biesold
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Yan Cheng
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Tissue Repair Materials, Joint Centre of Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P. R. China
| | - Mingzheng Ge
- School of Textile and Clothing, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, P. R. China
| | - Huaqiong Li
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Tissue Repair Materials, Joint Centre of Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P. R. China
| | - Jianying Huang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P. R. China. .,Qingyuan Innovation Laboratory, Quanzhou 362801, P. R. China
| | - Zhiqun Lin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117585, Singapore.
| | - Yuekun Lai
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P. R. China. .,Qingyuan Innovation Laboratory, Quanzhou 362801, P. R. China
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21
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Cui H, You Y, Cheng GW, Lan Z, Zou KL, Mai QY, Han YH, Chen H, Zhao YY, Yu GT. Advanced materials and technologies for oral diseases. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2023; 24:2156257. [PMID: 36632346 PMCID: PMC9828859 DOI: 10.1080/14686996.2022.2156257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Oral disease, as a class of diseases with very high morbidity, brings great physical and mental damage to people worldwide. The increasing burden and strain on individuals and society make oral diseases an urgent global health problem. Since the treatment of almost all oral diseases relies on materials, the rapid development of advanced materials and technologies has also promoted innovations in the treatment methods and strategies of oral diseases. In this review, we systematically summarized the application strategies in advanced materials and technologies for oral diseases according to the etiology of the diseases and the comparison of new and old materials. Finally, the challenges and directions of future development for advanced materials and technologies in the treatment of oral diseases were refined. This review will guide the fundamental research and clinical translation of oral diseases for practitioners of oral medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Cui
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan You
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guo-Wang Cheng
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhou Lan
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ke-Long Zou
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiu-Ying Mai
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan-Hua Han
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Yue Zhao
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guang-Tao Yu
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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22
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Liikkanen S, Mäkinen M, Huttunen T, Sarapohja T, Stenfors C, Eccleston C. Body movement as a biomarker for use in chronic pain rehabilitation: An embedded analysis of an RCT of a virtual reality solution for adults with chronic pain. FRONTIERS IN PAIN RESEARCH (LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 3:1085791. [PMID: 36606032 PMCID: PMC9808596 DOI: 10.3389/fpain.2022.1085791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is a major public health problem. Reliably measuring the effects of chronic pain on movement and activity, and any changes due to treatment, is a healthcare challenge. A recently published paper demonstrated that a novel digital therapeutic (DTxP) was efficacious in reducing fear of movement and increasing the quality of life of adult patients with moderate to severe CLBP. In this paper, we report a study of how data from wearable devices collected in this study could be used as a digital measure for use in studies of chronic low back pain. Methods Movement, electrodermal recording, general activity and clinical assessment data were collected in a clinical trial of a novel digital therapeutic intervention (DTxP) by using the sensors in commercial Garmin Vivosmart 4, Empatica Embrace2 and Oculus Quest wearables. Wearable data were collected during and between the study interventions (frequent treatment sessions of DTxP). Data were analyzed using exploratory statistical analysis. Results A pattern of increased longitudinal velocity in the movement data collected with right-hand, left-hand, and head sensors was observed in the study population. Correlations were observed with the changes in clinical scales (Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia, EQ5D Overall health VAS, and EQ5D QoL score). The strongest correlation was observed with the increased velocity of head and right-hand sensors (Spearman correlation with increasing head sensor velocity and Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia -0.45, Overall health VAS +0.67 and EQ5D QoL score -0.66). The sample size limited interpretation of electrodermal and general activity data. Discussion/Conclusion We found a novel digital signal for use in monitoring the efficacy of a digital therapeutics (DTxP) in adults with CLBP. We discuss the potential use of such movement based digital markers as surrogate or additional endpoints in studies of chronic musculoskeletal pain. Clinical Trial Registration https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04225884?cond=NCT04225884&draw=2&rank=1, identifier: NCT04225884.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sammeli Liikkanen
- R&D, Orion Corporation Orion Pharma, Turku, Finland,Correspondence: Sammeli Liikkanen
| | | | | | | | | | - Christopher Eccleston
- Centre for Pain Research, The University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom,Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium,Department of Psychology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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23
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Palinski TJ, Guan B, Bradshaw-Hajek BH, Lienhard MA, Priest C, Miranda FA. Reversible colorimetric sensing of volatile analytes by wicking in close proximity to a photonic film. RSC Adv 2022; 12:36150-36157. [PMID: 36545087 PMCID: PMC9756422 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra06740d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Isolation of volatile analytes from environmental or biological fluids is a rate-determining step that can delay the response time for continuous sensing. In this paper, we demonstrate a colorimetric sensing system that enables the rapid detection of gas-phase analytes released from a flowing micro-volume fluid sample. The sensor platform is an analyte-responsive metal-insulator-metal (MIM) thin-film structure integrated with a large area quartz micropillar array. This allows precise planar alignment and microscale separation (310 μm) of the optical and fluidic structures. This configuration offers rapid and homogeneous color changes over large areas that permits detection by low-resolution optics or eye, which is well-suited to portable/wearable devices. For our proof-of-principle demonstration, we utilized a poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) spacer and evaluated the sensor's response (color change) to ethanol vapor. We show that the RGB color value is quantitatively linked to the spacer swelling, which is reversible and repeatable. The optofluidic platform reduces the sensor response time from minutes to seconds compared with experiments using a conventional chamber. The sensor's concentration-dependent response was examined, confirming the potential of the reported sensing platform for continuous, compact, and quantitative colorimetric analysis of volatile analytes in low-volume samples, such as biofluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J. Palinski
- Communications & Intelligent Systems Division, NASA Glenn Research CenterClevelandOhio 44135USA
| | - Bin Guan
- Future Industries Institute, University of South AustraliaMawson LakesSA 5095Australia,UniSA STEM, University of South AustraliaMawson LakesSA 5095Australia
| | | | - Michael A. Lienhard
- Communications & Intelligent Systems Division, NASA Glenn Research CenterClevelandOhio 44135USA
| | - Craig Priest
- Future Industries Institute, University of South AustraliaMawson LakesSA 5095Australia,UniSA STEM, University of South AustraliaMawson LakesSA 5095Australia,Australian National Fabrication Facility – South Australia Node, University of South AustraliaSA 5095Australia
| | - Félix A. Miranda
- Communications & Intelligent Systems Division, NASA Glenn Research CenterClevelandOhio 44135USA
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Raza T, Tufail MK, Ali A, Boakye A, Qi X, Ma Y, Ali A, Qu L, Tian M. Wearable and Flexible Multifunctional Sensor Based on Laser-Induced Graphene for the Sports Monitoring System. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:54170-54181. [PMID: 36411520 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c14847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The conversion of diverse polymeric substrates into laser-induced graphene (LIG) has recently emerged as a single-step method for the fabrication of patterned graphene-based wearable electronics with a wide range of applications in sensing, actuation, and energy storage. Laser-induced pyrolysis technology has many advantages over traditional graphene design: eco-friendly, designable patterning, roll-to-roll production, and controllable morphology. In this work, we designed wearable and flexible graphene-based strain and pressure sensors by laminating LIG from a commercial polyimide (PI) film. The as-prepared LIG was transferred onto a thin polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) sheet, interwoven inside an elastic cotton sports fabric with the fabric glue as a wearable sensor. The single LIG/PDMS layer acts as a strain sensor, and a two-layer perpendicular stacking of LIG/PDMS (x and y laser-directed films) is designed for pressure sensing. This newly designed graphene textile (IGT) sensor performs four functions in volleyball sportswear, including volleyball reception detection, finger touch foul detection during blocking the ball from an opponent player, spike force measurements, and player position monitoring. An inexpensive sensor assists athletes in training and helps the coach formulate competition strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahir Raza
- Research Center for Intelligent and Wearable Technology, College of Textiles and Clothing, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Intelligent Wearable Engineering Research Center of Qingdao, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong266071, P. R. China
| | - Muhammad Khurram Tufail
- College of Physics, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong266071, P. R. China
- College of Material Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong266071, P. R. China
| | - Afzal Ali
- Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong266071, P. R. China
| | - Andrews Boakye
- Research Center for Intelligent and Wearable Technology, College of Textiles and Clothing, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Intelligent Wearable Engineering Research Center of Qingdao, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong266071, P. R. China
| | - Xiangjun Qi
- Research Center for Intelligent and Wearable Technology, College of Textiles and Clothing, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Intelligent Wearable Engineering Research Center of Qingdao, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong266071, P. R. China
| | - Yulong Ma
- Research Center for Intelligent and Wearable Technology, College of Textiles and Clothing, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Intelligent Wearable Engineering Research Center of Qingdao, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong266071, P. R. China
| | - Amjad Ali
- Materials Science & Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang212013, China
| | - Lijun Qu
- Research Center for Intelligent and Wearable Technology, College of Textiles and Clothing, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Intelligent Wearable Engineering Research Center of Qingdao, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong266071, P. R. China
| | - Mingwei Tian
- Research Center for Intelligent and Wearable Technology, College of Textiles and Clothing, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Intelligent Wearable Engineering Research Center of Qingdao, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong266071, P. R. China
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25
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Wang H, Zuo S, Cerezo-Sánchez M, Arekhloo NG, Nazarpour K, Heidari H. Wearable super-resolution muscle-machine interfacing. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:1020546. [PMID: 36466163 PMCID: PMC9714306 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1020546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Muscles are the actuators of all human actions, from daily work and life to communication and expression of emotions. Myography records the signals from muscle activities as an interface between machine hardware and human wetware, granting direct and natural control of our electronic peripherals. Regardless of the significant progression as of late, the conventional myographic sensors are still incapable of achieving the desired high-resolution and non-invasive recording. This paper presents a critical review of state-of-the-art wearable sensing technologies that measure deeper muscle activity with high spatial resolution, so-called super-resolution. This paper classifies these myographic sensors according to the different signal types (i.e., biomechanical, biochemical, and bioelectrical) they record during measuring muscle activity. By describing the characteristics and current developments with advantages and limitations of each myographic sensor, their capabilities are investigated as a super-resolution myography technique, including: (i) non-invasive and high-density designs of the sensing units and their vulnerability to interferences, (ii) limit-of-detection to register the activity of deep muscles. Finally, this paper concludes with new opportunities in this fast-growing super-resolution myography field and proposes promising future research directions. These advances will enable next-generation muscle-machine interfaces to meet the practical design needs in real-life for healthcare technologies, assistive/rehabilitation robotics, and human augmentation with extended reality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huxi Wang
- Microelectronics Lab, James Watt School of Engineering, The University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Neuranics Ltd., Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Siming Zuo
- Microelectronics Lab, James Watt School of Engineering, The University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Neuranics Ltd., Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - María Cerezo-Sánchez
- Microelectronics Lab, James Watt School of Engineering, The University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Neuranics Ltd., Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Negin Ghahremani Arekhloo
- Microelectronics Lab, James Watt School of Engineering, The University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Neuranics Ltd., Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Kianoush Nazarpour
- Neuranics Ltd., Glasgow, United Kingdom
- School of Informatics, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Hadi Heidari
- Microelectronics Lab, James Watt School of Engineering, The University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Neuranics Ltd., Glasgow, United Kingdom
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26
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Snari RM, Bayazeed A, Ibarhiam SF, Alnoman RB, Attar R, Abumelha HM, El-Metwaly NM. Solution blowing spinning of polylactate/polyvinyl alcohol/ZnO nanocomposite toward green and sustainable preparation of wound dressing nanofibrous films. Microsc Res Tech 2022; 85:3860-3870. [PMID: 36178460 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The outstanding biodegradability, biocompatibility, affordability, and renewability of polylactic acid have made it a prominent biomaterial. Herein, an innovative, easy, and eco-friendly technique is used to prepare sodium polylactate (SP)-based nanofibers. Solution blowing spinning (SBS) was used to create fibrous mats of SP and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). SBS's SP nanfibers were crosslinked using an aqueous solution of calcium chloride to produce moisture-resistant calcium polylactate nanofibrous spun mats. Both of UV-visible absorption spectra and transmission electron microscopy were utilized to study the produced zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) to indicate a diameter of around 15-23 nm with a high intensity absorption intensity at 370 nm. New polylactate copolymer was synthesized and characterized by infrared and NMR spectroscopic techniques. In order to prepare SP/PVA/ZnO nanocomposite nanofibers, various ZnO ratios were used. The morphologies of the composite nanofibers were investigated by infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), energy-dispersive X-ray analyzer, and scanning electron microscopy. The cytotoxicity tests of the prepared mat were studied by conducting experiments with L-929 cells at various time intervals. The prepared composite SP/PVA/ZnO nanofibers were subjected to cytotoxicity tests to determine their cytocompatibility. Results showed that those with ZnO concentrations between 0.5% and 2% were found to be less harmful than those with higher concentrations. A variety of bacterial species, including Bacillus pumilus and Staphylococcus aureus, as well as Klebseilla pneumoniae and Escherichia coli, were used to test the antibacterial properties of SP/PVA/ZnO spun mats. The ZnO NPs integrated in the SP/PVA fibrous mats were responsible for their antibacterial properties. After finding the appropriate concentration of ZnO that is least harmful while yet giving a satisfactory antibacterial activity, this biomaterial might be perfect for wound dressing applications. HIGHLIGHTS: New eco-friendly biodegradable sodium polylactate (SP) copolymer was synthesized. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) with a diameter of 15-23 nm were prepared. High antibacterial SP/PVA/ZnO fibers were prepared by solution blowing spinning. SP/PVA/ZnO nanofibers (180-220 nm) with various ratios of ZnO were presented. Cytotoxicity results showed that the cell viability decreases with increasing ZnO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razan M Snari
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm-Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abrar Bayazeed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm-Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saham F Ibarhiam
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rua B Alnoman
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Roba Attar
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hana M Abumelha
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nashwa M El-Metwaly
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm-Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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27
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Trovato V, Sfameni S, Rando G, Rosace G, Libertino S, Ferri A, Plutino MR. A Review of Stimuli-Responsive Smart Materials for Wearable Technology in Healthcare: Retrospective, Perspective, and Prospective. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27175709. [PMID: 36080476 PMCID: PMC9457686 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In recent years thanks to the Internet of Things (IoT), the demand for the development of miniaturized and wearable sensors has skyrocketed. Among them, novel sensors for wearable medical devices are mostly needed. The aim of this review is to summarize the advancements in this field from current points of view, focusing on sensors embedded into textile fabrics. Indeed, they are portable, lightweight, and the best candidates for monitoring biometric parameters. The possibility of integrating chemical sensors into textiles has opened new markets in smart clothing. Many examples of these systems are represented by color-changing materials due to their capability of altering optical properties, including absorption, reflectance, and scattering, in response to different external stimuli (temperature, humidity, pH, or chemicals). With the goal of smart health monitoring, nanosized sol-gel precursors, bringing coupling agents into their chemical structure, were used to modify halochromic dyestuffs, both minimizing leaching from the treated surfaces and increasing photostability for the development of stimuli-responsive sensors. The literature about the sensing properties of functionalized halochromic azo dyestuffs applied to textile fabrics is reviewed to understand their potential for achieving remote monitoring of health parameters. Finally, challenges and future perspectives are discussed to envisage the developed strategies for the next generation of functionalized halochromic dyestuffs with biocompatible and real-time stimuli-responsive capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Trovato
- Department of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Bergamo, Viale Marconi 5, 24044 Dalmine, Italy
| | - Silvia Sfameni
- Department of Engineering, University of Messina, Contrada di Dio, S. Agata, 98166 Messina, Italy
- Institute for the Study of Nanostructured Materials, ISMN–CNR, Palermo, c/o Department of ChiBioFarAm, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, Vill. S. Agata, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Giulia Rando
- Institute for the Study of Nanostructured Materials, ISMN–CNR, Palermo, c/o Department of ChiBioFarAm, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, Vill. S. Agata, 98166 Messina, Italy
- Department of ChiBioFarAm, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, Vill. S. Agata, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Rosace
- Department of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Bergamo, Viale Marconi 5, 24044 Dalmine, Italy
- Correspondence: (G.R.); (S.L.); (A.F.); (M.R.P.)
| | - Sebania Libertino
- Institute of Microelectronics and MicrosystemsCNR–IMM, Ottava Strada 5, 95121 Catania, Italy
- Correspondence: (G.R.); (S.L.); (A.F.); (M.R.P.)
| | - Ada Ferri
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico Di Torino, Corso Duca Degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
- Correspondence: (G.R.); (S.L.); (A.F.); (M.R.P.)
| | - Maria Rosaria Plutino
- Institute for the Study of Nanostructured Materials, ISMN–CNR, Palermo, c/o Department of ChiBioFarAm, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, Vill. S. Agata, 98166 Messina, Italy
- Correspondence: (G.R.); (S.L.); (A.F.); (M.R.P.)
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28
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Huang C, Wang X, Cao Q, Zhang D, Ding S, Xie H, Jiang JZ. Soft and Stretchable Liquid Metal-Elastomer Composite for Wearable Electronics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:38196-38204. [PMID: 35951545 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c10025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Soft devices, especially capacitive stress (or strain) sensors, are important for applications, including wearable medical monitoring, electronic skin, and soft robotics. The incorporation of liquid metal particles (LMPs) into highly deformable elastomers as inclusions ameliorates the mechanical compliance caused by a rigid filler. The high dielectric constant and liquid feature of LMPs are suitable for soft sensors with high sensitivity and a large real-time dynamic detection range. Here, a class of LM-elastomer composites are introduced with elastic and high dielectric properties, making them uniquely suitable for the application of soft stress sensors. The prepared stretchable soft stress sensor can detect the bending degree of the finger, monitor physiological signals in real time, and distinguish the vibration from the pronunciation of different letters. The nanoscale X-ray computational tomography (nano-CT) measurements indeed detect the changes of LMPs under stress, i.e., LMPs in the matrix distribute from uneven to relatively uniform, agglomerate, and even connect each other to have a conduction path in the composition with high LMP contents, which cause the changes in the physical properties of devices under operation. The cognition of LMP changes in composites under stress is instructive for promoting their further applications in the field of soft devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- ChengHao Huang
- International Center for New-Structured Materials (ICNSM), State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - XiaoDong Wang
- International Center for New-Structured Materials (ICNSM), State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Qingping Cao
- International Center for New-Structured Materials (ICNSM), State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Dongxian Zhang
- International Center for New-Structured Materials (ICNSM), State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Shaoqing Ding
- International Center for New-Structured Materials (ICNSM), State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Honglan Xie
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Zhong Jiang
- International Center for New-Structured Materials (ICNSM), State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
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29
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A Size-Cuttable, Skin-Interactive Wearable Sensor for Digital Deciphering of Epidermis Wavy Deformation. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12080580. [PMID: 36004976 PMCID: PMC9406093 DOI: 10.3390/bios12080580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Body shape and curvature are vital criteria for judging health. However, few studies exist on the curvature of the body. We present a skin-interactive electronic sticker that digitally decodes the epidermis deformation in a hybrid cartridge format (disposable bandages and non-disposable kits). The device consists of two functional modes: (1) as a thin electronic sticker of 76 μm thickness and a node pitch of 7.45 mm for the measurement of body curvature in static mode, and (2) as a wrist bandage for the deciphering of skin wave fluctuations into a colored core-line map in dynamic mode. This method has high detection sensitivity in the static mode and high accuracy of 0.986 in the dynamic mode, resulting in an F1 score of 0.966 in testing by feedforward deep learning. The results show that the device can decipher 32 delicate finger folding gestures by measuring skin depths and positions via image segmentation, leading to an optimal core line in a color map. This approach can help provide a better understanding of skin wave deflection and fluctuations for potential wearable applications, such as in delicate skin-related gesture control in the metaverse, rehabilitation programs for the brain-degenerate, and as a detector of biophysical state relating to body shape and curvature in the field of digital medicine.
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30
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Dairy 4.0: Intelligent Communication Ecosystem for the Cattle Animal Welfare with Blockchain and IoT Enabled Technologies. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12147316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
An intelligent ecosystem with real-time wireless technology is now playing a key role in meeting the sustainability requirements set by the United Nations. Dairy cattle are a major source of milk production all over the world. To meet the food demand of the growing population with maximum productivity, it is necessary for dairy farmers to adopt real-time monitoring technologies. In this study, we will be exploring and assimilating the limitless possibilities for technological interventions in dairy cattle to drastically improve their ecosystem. Intelligent systems for sensing, monitoring, and methods for analysis to be used in applications such as animal health monitoring, animal location tracking, milk quality, and supply chain, feed monitoring and safety, etc., have been discussed briefly. Furthermore, generalized architecture has been proposed that can be directly applied in the future for breakthroughs in research and development linked to data gathering and the processing of applications through edge devices, robots, drones, and blockchain for building intelligent ecosystems. In addition, the article discusses the possibilities and challenges of implementing previous techniques for different activities in dairy cattle. High computing power-based wearable devices, renewable energy harvesting, drone-based furious animal attack detection, and blockchain with IoT assisted systems for the milk supply chain are the vital recommendations addressed in this study for the effective implementation of the intelligent ecosystem in dairy cattle.
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Bustos-López M, Cruz-Ramírez N, Guerra-Hernández A, Sánchez-Morales LN, Cruz-Ramos NA, Alor-Hernández G. Wearables for Engagement Detection in Learning Environments: A Review. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:509. [PMID: 35884312 PMCID: PMC9312492 DOI: 10.3390/bios12070509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Appropriate teaching-learning strategies lead to student engagement during learning activities. Scientific progress and modern technology have made it possible to measure engagement in educational settings by reading and analyzing student physiological signals through sensors attached to wearables. This work is a review of current student engagement detection initiatives in the educational domain. The review highlights existing commercial and non-commercial wearables for student engagement monitoring and identifies key physiological signals involved in engagement detection. Our findings reveal that common physiological signals used to measure student engagement include heart rate, skin temperature, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, blood pressure, and electrocardiogram (ECG) data. Similarly, stress and surprise are key features of student engagement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maritza Bustos-López
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Inteligencia Artificial, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Veracruz 91097, Mexico; (M.B.-L.); (N.C.-R.); (A.G.-H.)
| | - Nicandro Cruz-Ramírez
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Inteligencia Artificial, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Veracruz 91097, Mexico; (M.B.-L.); (N.C.-R.); (A.G.-H.)
| | - Alejandro Guerra-Hernández
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Inteligencia Artificial, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Veracruz 91097, Mexico; (M.B.-L.); (N.C.-R.); (A.G.-H.)
| | - Laura Nely Sánchez-Morales
- Division of Research and Postgraduate Studies, CONACYT-Tecnológico Nacional de México/I. T. Orizaba, Av. Oriente 9 852 Col. Emiliano Zapata, Orizaba, Veracruz 94320, Mexico;
| | - Nancy Aracely Cruz-Ramos
- Division of Research and Postgraduate Studies, Tecnológico Nacional de México/I. T. Orizaba, Av. Oriente 9 852 Col. Emiliano Zapata, Orizaba, Veracruz 94320, Mexico;
| | - Giner Alor-Hernández
- Division of Research and Postgraduate Studies, Tecnológico Nacional de México/I. T. Orizaba, Av. Oriente 9 852 Col. Emiliano Zapata, Orizaba, Veracruz 94320, Mexico;
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32
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Goyal K, Borkholder DA, Day SW. A biomimetic skin phantom for characterizing wearable electrodes in the low-frequency regime. SENSORS AND ACTUATORS. A, PHYSICAL 2022; 340:113513. [PMID: 35493959 PMCID: PMC9053740 DOI: 10.1016/j.sna.2022.113513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Advances in the integration of wearable devices in our daily life have led to the development of new electrode designs for biopotential monitoring. Historically, the development and testing of wearable electrodes for the acquisition of biopotential signals has been empirical, relying on experiments on human volunteers. However, the lack of explicit control on human variables, the intra-, and inter-subject variability complicates the understanding of the performance of these wearable electrodes. Herein, phantom mimicking the electrical properties of the skin in the low-frequency range (1 Hz-1000 Hz), which has the potential to be used as a platform for controlled benchtop experiments for testing electrode functionality, is demonstrated. The fabricated phantom comprises two layers representing the deeper tissues and stratum corneum. The lower layer of the phantom mimicking deeper tissues was realized using polyvinyl alcohol cryogel (PVA-c) prepared with 0.9% W/W saline solution by a freeze-thaw technique. The properties of the upper layer representing the stratum corneum were simulated using a 100μm thick layer fabricated by spin-coating a mixture of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), 2.5% W/W carbon black (CB) for conductance, and 40% W/W barium titanate (BaTiO3) as a dielectric. The hydration of the stratum corneum was modeled in a controlled way by varying porosity of the phantom's upper layer. Impedance spectroscopy measurements were carried out to investigate the electrical performance of the fabricated phantom and validated against the impedance response obtained across a physiological skin impedance range of five human subjects. The results indicated that the Bode plot depicting the impedance response obtained on the phantom was found to lie in the human skin range. Moreover, it was observed that the change of porosity provides control over the hydration and the phantom can be tuned as per the skin ranges among different individuals. Also, the phantom was able to mimic the impact of dry and hydrated skin on a simulated ECG signal in the time domain. The developed skin phantom is affordable, fairly easy to manufacture, stable over time, and can be used as a platform for benchtop testing of new electrode designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krittika Goyal
- Department of Microsystems Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, 14623, USA
| | - David A. Borkholder
- Department of Microsystems Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, 14623, USA
| | - Steven W. Day
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, 14623, USA
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Size Prediction and Electrical Performance of Knitted Strain Sensors. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14122354. [PMID: 35745930 PMCID: PMC9228230 DOI: 10.3390/polym14122354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Benefitting from the multifunctional properties of knitted fabrics with elasticity, flexibility, and high resilience, knitted strain sensors based on structure and strain performance are widely utilized in sports health due to their adaptability to human movements. However, the fabrication process of common strain sensors mainly relies on experienced technicians to determine the best sensor size through repeated experiments, resulting in significant size errors and a long development cycle. Herein, knitted strain sensors based on plain knit were fabricated with nylon/spandex composite yarn and silver-plated nylon yarn using a flat knitting process. A size prediction model of knitted strain sensors was established by exploring the linear relationship between the conductive area size of samples and knitting parameters via SPSS regression analysis. Combined with stable structures and high performance of good sensitivity, stability, and durability, the knitted strain sensors based on size prediction models can be worn on human skin or garments to monitor different movements, such as pronunciation and joint bending. This research indicated that the reasonable size control of the knitted strain sensor could realize its precise positioning in intelligent garments, exhibiting promising potential in intelligent wearable electronics.
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34
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Xu J, Tao X, Liu X, Yang L. Wearable Eye Patch Biosensor for Noninvasive and Simultaneous Detection of Multiple Biomarkers in Human Tears. Anal Chem 2022; 94:8659-8667. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c00614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Xu
- Key Laboratory of Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalysis at Universities of Jilin Province, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin Province 130024, China
| | - Xiaoqin Tao
- Key Laboratory of Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalysis at Universities of Jilin Province, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin Province 130024, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalysis at Universities of Jilin Province, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin Province 130024, China
| | - Li Yang
- Key Laboratory of Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalysis at Universities of Jilin Province, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin Province 130024, China
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35
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Wearable Devices for Physical Monitoring of Heart: A Review. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12050292. [PMID: 35624593 PMCID: PMC9138373 DOI: 10.3390/bios12050292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death globally. An effective strategy to mitigate the burden of CVDs has been to monitor patients’ biomedical variables during daily activities with wearable technology. Nowadays, technological advance has contributed to wearables technology by reducing the size of the devices, improving the accuracy of sensing biomedical variables to be devices with relatively low energy consumption that can manage security and privacy of the patient’s medical information, have adaptability to any data storage system, and have reasonable costs with regard to the traditional scheme where the patient must go to a hospital for an electrocardiogram, thus contributing a serious option in diagnosis and treatment of CVDs. In this work, we review commercial and noncommercial wearable devices used to monitor CVD biomedical variables. Our main findings revealed that commercial wearables usually include smart wristbands, patches, and smartwatches, and they generally monitor variables such as heart rate, blood oxygen saturation, and electrocardiogram data. Noncommercial wearables focus on monitoring electrocardiogram and photoplethysmography data, and they mostly include accelerometers and smartwatches for detecting atrial fibrillation and heart failure. However, using wearable devices without healthy personal habits will cause disappointing results in the patient’s health.
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36
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Shi Q, Yang Y, Sun Z, Lee C. Progress of Advanced Devices and Internet of Things Systems as Enabling Technologies for Smart Homes and Health Care. ACS MATERIALS AU 2022; 2:394-435. [PMID: 36855708 PMCID: PMC9928409 DOI: 10.1021/acsmaterialsau.2c00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In the Internet of Things (IoT) era, various devices (e.g., sensors, actuators, energy harvesters, etc.) and systems have been developed toward the realization of smart homes/buildings and personal health care. These advanced devices can be categorized into ambient devices and wearable devices based on their usage scenarios, to enable motion tracking, health monitoring, daily care, home automation, fall detection, intelligent interaction, assistance, living convenience, and security in smart homes. With the rapidly increasing number of such advanced devices and IoT systems, achieving fully self-sustained and multimodal intelligent systems is becoming more and more important to realize a sustainable and all-in-one smart home platform. Hence, in this Review, we systematically present the recent progress of the development of advanced materials, fabrication techniques, devices, and systems for enabling smart home and health care applications. First, advanced polymer, fiber, and fabric materials as well as their respective fabrication techniques for large-scale manufacturing are discussed. After that, functional devices classified into ambient devices (at home ambiance such as door, floor, table, chair, bed, toilet, window, wall, etc.) and wearable devices (on body parts such as finger, wrist, arm, throat, face, back, etc.) are presented for diverse monitoring and auxiliary applications. Next, the current developments of self-sustained systems and intelligent systems are reviewed in detail, indicating two promising research directions in this field. Last, conclusions and outlook pinpointed on the existing challenges and opportunities are provided for the research community to consider.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiongfeng Shi
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore,Center
for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS (CISM), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117608, Singapore,Suzhou
Research Institute (NUSRI), National University
of Singapore, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yanqin Yang
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore,Center
for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS (CISM), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117608, Singapore,Suzhou
Research Institute (NUSRI), National University
of Singapore, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Zhongda Sun
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore,Center
for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS (CISM), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117608, Singapore,Suzhou
Research Institute (NUSRI), National University
of Singapore, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Chengkuo Lee
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore,Center
for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS (CISM), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117608, Singapore,Suzhou
Research Institute (NUSRI), National University
of Singapore, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123, China,NUS
Graduate School - Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme (ISEP), National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore,
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37
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Baldini G, Albini A, Maiolino P, Cannata G. An Atlas for the Inkjet Printing of Large-Area Tactile Sensors. SENSORS 2022; 22:s22062332. [PMID: 35336503 PMCID: PMC8950613 DOI: 10.3390/s22062332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This review aims to discuss the inkjet printing technique as a fabrication method for the development of large-area tactile sensors. The paper focuses on the manufacturing techniques and various system-level sensor design aspects related to the inkjet manufacturing processes. The goal is to assess how printed electronics simplify the fabrication process of tactile sensors with respect to conventional fabrication methods and how these contribute to overcoming the difficulties arising in the development of tactile sensors for real robot applications. To this aim, a comparative analysis among different inkjet printing technologies and processes is performed, including a quantitative analysis of the design parameters, such as the costs, processing times, sensor layout, and general system-level constraints. The goal of the survey is to provide a complete map of the state of the art of inkjet printing, focusing on the most effective topics for the implementation of large-area tactile sensors and a view of the most relevant open problems that should be addressed to improve the effectiveness of these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Baldini
- Mechatronics and Automatic Control Laboratory, University of Genoa, 16145 Genova, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-34-6314-2962
| | | | - Perla Maiolino
- Oxford Robotics Institute, Oxford OX2 6NN, UK; (A.A.); (P.M.)
| | - Giorgio Cannata
- Mechatronics and Automatic Control Laboratory, University of Genoa, 16145 Genova, Italy;
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38
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Application of Wearable Sensors in Actuation and Control of Powered Ankle Exoskeletons: A Comprehensive Review. SENSORS 2022; 22:s22062244. [PMID: 35336413 PMCID: PMC8954890 DOI: 10.3390/s22062244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Powered ankle exoskeletons (PAEs) are robotic devices developed for gait assistance, rehabilitation, and augmentation. To fulfil their purposes, PAEs vastly rely heavily on their sensor systems. Human–machine interface sensors collect the biomechanical signals from the human user to inform the higher level of the control hierarchy about the user’s locomotion intention and requirement, whereas machine–machine interface sensors monitor the output of the actuation unit to ensure precise tracking of the high-level control commands via the low-level control scheme. The current article aims to provide a comprehensive review of how wearable sensor technology has contributed to the actuation and control of the PAEs developed over the past two decades. The control schemes and actuation principles employed in the reviewed PAEs, as well as their interaction with the integrated sensor systems, are investigated in this review. Further, the role of wearable sensors in overcoming the main challenges in developing fully autonomous portable PAEs is discussed. Finally, a brief discussion on how the recent technology advancements in wearable sensors, including environment—machine interface sensors, could promote the future generation of fully autonomous portable PAEs is provided.
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Sutterby E, Thurgood P, Baratchi S, Khoshmanesh K, Pirogova E. Evaluation of in vitro human skin models for studying effects of external stressors and stimuli and developing treatment modalities. VIEW 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/viw.20210012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Emily Sutterby
- School of Engineering RMIT University Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Peter Thurgood
- School of Engineering RMIT University Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Sara Baratchi
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences RMIT University Bundoora Victoria Australia
| | | | - Elena Pirogova
- School of Engineering RMIT University Melbourne Victoria Australia
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40
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Mou L, Xia Y, Jiang X. Liquid metal-polymer conductor-based wireless, battery-free epidermal patch. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 197:113765. [PMID: 34773752 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Wearable epidermal patch can seamlessly monitor biological signals in real-time. Here, we report a liquid metal-polymer conductor-based wireless epidermal patch. The epidermal patch is made of a new conductive material called liquid metal-polymer conductors (LMPC). LMPC is made by casting and peeling off polymers from patterned liquid metal particles. Our printable conductors present good stretchability, repeatability, and biocompatibility. We fabricate LMPC-based antenna and wire, which achieves wireless signal communication and power supply. To demonstrate the capability of our LMPC-based antenna and wire, we fabricate an epidermal patch to analyze metabolites, electrolytes, and urea in sweat. When a portable device is close to the epidermal sensor, the device can power and read the sensor through LMPC-based antenna. The epidermal patch exhibited good analytical performance for sweat analysis with a low limit of detection, fast response time, and multiplex detection capabilities. This epidermal patch opens the possibility for a broad range of non-invasive diagnostic tools that can be used for health monitoring in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Mou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, No. 63 Duobao Road, Liwan District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510150, PR China; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, No 1088, Xueyuan Rd., Xili, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, PR China
| | - Yong Xia
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, No. 63 Duobao Road, Liwan District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510150, PR China.
| | - Xingyu Jiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, No. 63 Duobao Road, Liwan District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510150, PR China; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, No 1088, Xueyuan Rd., Xili, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, PR China.
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41
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Liu H, Wang L, Lin G, Feng Y. Recent progress in the fabrication of flexible materials for wearable sensors. Biomater Sci 2021; 10:614-632. [PMID: 34797359 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm01136g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Wearable sensors have been widely studied because of their small size, light weight, and potential for the noninvasive tracking and monitoring of human physiological information. Wearable flexible sensors generally consist of two parts: a flexible substrate in contact with the skin and a signal processing module. At present, wearable electronics cover many fields, such as machinery, physics, chemistry, materials science, and biomedicine. The design concept and selection of materials are very important to the function of a sensor. In this review, we summarize the latest developments in flexible materials for wearable sensors, including developments in flexible materials, electrode materials, and new flexible biodegradable materials, and describe the important role of innovation in material and sensor design in the development of wearable flexible sensors. Strategies and challenges related to the improvement of the performances of wearable flexible sensors, as well as the development prospects of wearable devices based on flexible materials, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengxin Liu
- Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Jinan 250353, China. .,Shandong Institute of Mechanical Design and Research, Jinan 250031, China
| | - Li Wang
- Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Jinan 250353, China. .,Shandong Institute of Mechanical Design and Research, Jinan 250031, China
| | - Guimei Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.
| | - Yihua Feng
- Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Jinan 250353, China. .,Shandong Institute of Mechanical Design and Research, Jinan 250031, China
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42
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Nguyen N, Thurgood P, Sekar NC, Chen S, Pirogova E, Peter K, Baratchi S, Khoshmanesh K. Microfluidic models of the human circulatory system: versatile platforms for exploring mechanobiology and disease modeling. Biophys Rev 2021; 13:769-786. [PMID: 34777617 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-021-00815-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The human circulatory system is a marvelous fluidic system, which is very sensitive to biophysical and biochemical cues. The current animal and cell culture models do not recapitulate the functional properties of the human circulatory system, limiting our ability to fully understand the complex biological processes underlying the dysfunction of this multifaceted system. In this review, we discuss the unique ability of microfluidic systems to recapitulate the biophysical, biochemical, and functional properties of the human circulatory system. We also describe the remarkable capacity of microfluidic technologies for exploring the complex mechanobiology of the cardiovascular system, mechanistic studying of cardiovascular diseases, and screening cardiovascular drugs with the additional benefit of reducing the need for animal models. We also discuss opportunities for further advancement in this exciting field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngan Nguyen
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Peter Thurgood
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Nadia Chandra Sekar
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Sheng Chen
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Elena Pirogova
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Karlheinz Peter
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Cardiometabolic Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Sara Baratchi
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Australia
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43
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Phatak AA, Wieland FG, Vempala K, Volkmar F, Memmert D. Artificial Intelligence Based Body Sensor Network Framework-Narrative Review: Proposing an End-to-End Framework using Wearable Sensors, Real-Time Location Systems and Artificial Intelligence/Machine Learning Algorithms for Data Collection, Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery in Sports and Healthcare. SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2021; 7:79. [PMID: 34716868 PMCID: PMC8556803 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-021-00372-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
With the rising amount of data in the sports and health sectors, a plethora of applications using big data mining have become possible. Multiple frameworks have been proposed to mine, store, preprocess, and analyze physiological vitals data using artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithms. Comparatively, less research has been done to collect potentially high volume, high-quality 'big data' in an organized, time-synchronized, and holistic manner to solve similar problems in multiple fields. Although a large number of data collection devices exist in the form of sensors. They are either highly specialized, univariate and fragmented in nature or exist in a lab setting. The current study aims to propose artificial intelligence-based body sensor network framework (AIBSNF), a framework for strategic use of body sensor networks (BSN), which combines with real-time location system (RTLS) and wearable biosensors to collect multivariate, low noise, and high-fidelity data. This facilitates gathering of time-synchronized location and physiological vitals data, which allows artificial intelligence and machine learning (AI/ML)-based time series analysis. The study gives a brief overview of wearable sensor technology, RTLS, and provides use cases of AI/ML algorithms in the field of sensor fusion. The study also elaborates sample scenarios using a specific sensor network consisting of pressure sensors (insoles), accelerometers, gyroscopes, ECG, EMG, and RTLS position detectors for particular applications in the field of health care and sports. The AIBSNF may provide a solid blueprint for conducting research and development, forming a smooth end-to-end pipeline from data collection using BSN, RTLS and final stage analytics based on AI/ML algorithms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwin A Phatak
- Institute of Exercise Training and Sport Informatics, German Sports University, Cologne, Germany.
| | | | | | - Frederik Volkmar
- Institute of Exercise Training and Sport Informatics, German Sports University, Cologne, Germany
| | - Daniel Memmert
- Institute of Exercise Training and Sport Informatics, German Sports University, Cologne, Germany
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44
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Applicability of Physiological Monitoring Systems within Occupational Groups: A Systematic Review. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21217249. [PMID: 34770556 PMCID: PMC8587311 DOI: 10.3390/s21217249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of physiological monitoring technologies has produced exceptional opportunities for real-time collection and analysis of workers' physiological information. To benefit from these safety and health prognostic opportunities, research efforts have explored the applicability of these devices to control workers' wellbeing levels during occupational activities. A systematic review is proposed to summarise up-to-date progress in applying physiological monitoring systems for occupational groups. Adhering with the PRISMA Statement, five databases were searched from 2014 to 2021, and 12 keywords were combined, concluding with the selection of 38 articles. Sources of risk of bias were assessed regarding randomisation procedures, selective outcome reporting and generalisability of results. Assessment procedures involving non-invasive methods applied with health and safety-related goals were filtered. Working-age participants from homogeneous occupational groups were selected, with these groups primarily including firefighters and construction workers. Research objectives were mainly directed to assess heat stress and physiological workload demands. Heart rate related variables, thermal responses and motion tracking through accelerometry were the most common approaches. Overall, wearable sensors proved to be valid tools for assessing physiological status in working environments. Future research should focus on conducting sensor fusion assessments, engaging wearables in real-time evaluation methods and giving continuous feedback to workers and practitioners.
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45
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Tajerian M, Garcia J. Garments and Footwear for Chronic Pain. FRONTIERS IN PAIN RESEARCH 2021; 2:757240. [PMID: 35295438 PMCID: PMC8915652 DOI: 10.3389/fpain.2021.757240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In most human societies, wearing clothing and shoes, particularly in public settings, is commonplace and may even be legally required. Consequently, there is an abundance of clothing and footwear options for individuals of different ages, genders, body shapes and catering to different needs such as workwear and active-wear. However, many of the available options may not be viable for the millions and pain sufferers worldwide, indicating a need for adaptive apparel for the pain patient. In this perspective manuscript, we focus on the availability and efficacy of clothing designed to prevent pain in the general population as well as reduce or treat pain in pain patients. Furthermore, we put forth some considerations for the construction of adaptive garments. Such efforts and needed and could significantly improve well-being and quality of life in the pain patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maral Tajerian
- Department of Biology, Queens College, City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
- The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Maral Tajerian
| | - Jaqueline Garcia
- Department of Biology, Queens College, City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
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47
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Cheng HW, Yan S, Shang G, Wang S, Zhong CJ. Strain sensors fabricated by surface assembly of nanoparticles. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 186:113268. [PMID: 33971524 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Harnessing interparticle spatial properties of surface assembly of nanoparticles (SAN) on flexible substrates is a rapidly emerging front of research in the design and fabrication of highly-sensitive strain sensors. It has recently shown promising potentials for applications in wearable sensors and skin electronics. SANs feature 3D structural tunability of the interparticle spatial properties at both molecular and nanoscale levels, which is transformative for the design of intriguing strain sensors. This review will present a comprehensive overview of the recent research development in exploring SAN-structured strain sensors for wearable applications. It starts from the basic principle governing the strain sensing characteristics of SANs on flexible substrates in terms of thermally-activated interparticle electron tunneling and conductive percolation. This discussion is followed by descriptions of the fabrication of the sensors and the proof-of-concept demonstrations of the strain sensing characteristics. The nanoparticles in the SANs are controllable in terms of size, shape, and composition, whereas the interparticle molecules enable the tunability of the electrical properties in terms of interparticle spatial properties. The design of SAN-derived strain sensors is further highlighted by describing several recent examples in the explorations of their applications in wearable biosensor and bioelectronics. Fundamental understanding of the role of interparticle spatial properties within SANs at both molecular and device levels is the focal point. The future direction of the SAN-derived wearable sensors will also be discussed, shining lights on a potential paradigm shift in materials design in exploring the emerging opportunities in wearable sensors and skin electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Wen Cheng
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, 201418, China; Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA.
| | - Shan Yan
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA
| | - Guojun Shang
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA
| | - Shan Wang
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA
| | - Chuan-Jian Zhong
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA.
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48
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Electrospun PEO/PEDOT:PSS Nanofibers for Wearable Physiological Flex Sensors. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21124110. [PMID: 34203743 PMCID: PMC8232244 DOI: 10.3390/s21124110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Flexible sensors are fundamental devices for human body monitoring. The mechanical strain and physiological parameters coupled sensing have attracted increasing interest in this field. However, integration of different sensors in one platform usually involves complex fabrication process-flows. Simplification, even if essential, remains a challenge. Here, we investigate a piezoresistive and electrochemical active electrospun nanofibers (NFs) mat as the sensitive element of the wearable physiological flex sensing platform. The use of one material sensitive to the two kinds of stimuli reduces the process-flow to two steps. We demonstrate that the final NFs pH-Flex Sensor can be used to monitor the deformation of a human body joint as well as the pH of the skin. A unique approach has been selected for pH sensing, based on Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS). A linear dependence of the both the double layer capacitance and charge transfer re-sistance with the pH value was obtained by EIS, as well as a linear trend of the electrical resistance with the bending deformation. Gauge factors values calculated after the bending test were 45.84 in traction and 208.55 in compression mode, reflecting the extraordinary piezoresistive behavior of our nanostructured NFs.
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49
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George Kerry R, Ukhurebor KE, Kumari S, Maurya GK, Patra S, Panigrahi B, Majhi S, Rout JR, Rodriguez-Torres MDP, Das G, Shin HS, Patra JK. A comprehensive review on the applications of nano-biosensor-based approaches for non-communicable and communicable disease detection. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:3576-3602. [PMID: 34008586 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm02164d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The outstretched applications of biosensors in diverse domains has become the reason for their attraction for scientific communities. Because they are analytical devices, they can detect both quantitative and qualitative biological components through the generation of detectable signals. In the recent past, biosensors witnessed significant changes and developments in their design as well as features. Nanotechnology has revolutionized sensing phenomena by increasing biodiagnostic capacity in terms of specificity, size, and cost, resulting in exceptional sensitivity and flexibility. The steep increase of non-communicable diseases across the world has emerged as a matter of concern. In parallel, the abrupt outbreak of communicable diseases poses a serious threat to mankind. For decreasing the morbidity and mortality associated with various communicable and non-communicable diseases, early detection and subsequent treatment are indispensable. Detection of different biological markers generates quantifiable signals that can be electrochemical, mass-based, optical, thermal, or piezoelectric. Speculating on the incumbent applicability and versatility of nano-biosensors in large disciplines, this review highlights different types of biosensors along with their components and detection mechanisms. Moreover, it deals with the current advancements made in biosensors and the applications of nano-biosensors in detection of various non-communicable and communicable diseases, as well as future prospects of nano-biosensors for diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rout George Kerry
- Department of Biotechnology, Utkal University, Vani Vihar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751004, India
| | - Kingsley Eghonghon Ukhurebor
- Climatic/Environmental/Telecommunication Unit, Department of Physics, Edo University Iyamho, P.B.M. 04, Auchi, 312101, Edo State, Nigeria
| | - Swati Kumari
- Biopioneer Private limited, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751024, India
| | - Ganesh Kumar Maurya
- Zoology Section, Mahila MahaVidyalya, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India
| | - Sushmita Patra
- Department of Biotechnology, North Odissa University, Takatpur, Baripada, Odisha 757003, India
| | - Bijayananda Panigrahi
- Biopioneer Private limited, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751024, India and School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751024, India
| | - Sanatan Majhi
- Department of Biotechnology, Utkal University, Vani Vihar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751004, India
| | | | - María Del Pilar Rodriguez-Torres
- Departamento de Ingeniería Molecular de Materiales, Centro de Física Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Blvd Juriquilla 3001, 76230, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Gitishree Das
- Research Institute of Biotechnology & Medical Converged Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyangsi, Republic of Korea.
| | - Han-Seung Shin
- Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyangsi, Republic of Korea
| | - Jayanta Kumar Patra
- Research Institute of Biotechnology & Medical Converged Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyangsi, Republic of Korea.
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50
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Taralunga DD, Florea BC. A Blockchain-Enabled Framework for mHealth Systems. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:2828. [PMID: 33923842 PMCID: PMC8073055 DOI: 10.3390/s21082828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Presently modern technology makes a significant contribution to the transition from traditional healthcare to smart healthcare systems. Mobile health (mHealth) uses advances in wearable sensors, telecommunications and the Internet of Things (IoT) to propose a new healthcare concept centered on the patient. Patients' real-time remote continuous health monitoring, remote diagnosis, treatment, and therapy is possible in an mHealth system. However, major limitations include the transparency, security, and privacy of health data. One possible solution to this is the use of blockchain technologies, which have found numerous applications in the healthcare domain mainly due to theirs features such as decentralization (no central authority is needed), immutability, traceability, and transparency. We propose an mHealth system that uses a private blockchain based on the Ethereum platform, where wearable sensors can communicate with a smart device (a smartphone or smart tablet) that uses a peer-to-peer hypermedia protocol, the InterPlanetary File System (IPFS), for the distributed storage of health-related data. Smart contracts are used to create data queries, to access patient data by healthcare providers, to record diagnostic, treatment, and therapy, and to send alerts to patients and medical professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragos Daniel Taralunga
- Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications and Information Technology, Politehnica University of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania;
- Faculty of Medical Engineering, Politehnica University of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Bogdan Cristian Florea
- Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications and Information Technology, Politehnica University of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania;
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