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Oyovwi MOS, Ohwin EP, Rotu RA, Olowe TG. Internet-Based Abnormal Chromosomal Diagnosis During Pregnancy Using a Noninvasive Innovative Approach to Detecting Chromosomal Abnormalities in the Fetus: Scoping Review. JMIR BIOINFORMATICS AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 5:e58439. [PMID: 39412876 DOI: 10.2196/58439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/18/2024] [Indexed: 10/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chromosomal abnormalities are genetic disorders caused by chromosome errors, leading to developmental delays, birth defects, and miscarriages. Currently, invasive procedures such as amniocentesis or chorionic villus sampling are mostly used, which carry a risk of miscarriage. This has led to the need for a noninvasive and innovative approach to detect and prevent chromosomal abnormalities during pregnancy. OBJECTIVE This review aims to describe and appraise the potential of internet-based abnormal chromosomal preventive measures as a noninvasive approach to detecting and preventing chromosomal abnormalities during pregnancy. METHODS A thorough review of existing literature and research on chromosomal abnormalities and noninvasive approaches to prenatal diagnosis and therapy was conducted. Electronic databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, CENTRAL, CINAHL, Embase, OVID MEDLINE, OVID PsycINFO, Scopus, ACM, and IEEE Xplore were searched for relevant studies and articles published in the last 5 years. The keywords used included chromosomal abnormalities, prenatal diagnosis, noninvasive, and internet-based, and diagnosis. RESULTS The review of literature revealed that internet-based abnormal chromosomal diagnosis is a potential noninvasive approach to detecting and preventing chromosomal abnormalities during pregnancy. This innovative approach involves the use of advanced technology, including high-resolution ultrasound, cell-free DNA testing, and bioinformatics, to analyze fetal DNA from maternal blood samples. It allows early detection of chromosomal abnormalities, enabling timely interventions and treatment to prevent adverse outcomes. Furthermore, with the advancement of technology, internet-based abnormal chromosomal diagnosis has emerged as a safe alternative with benefits including its cost-effectiveness, increased accessibility and convenience, potential for earlier detection and intervention, and ethical considerations. CONCLUSIONS Internet-based abnormal chromosomal diagnosis has the potential to revolutionize prenatal care by offering a safe and noninvasive alternative to invasive procedures. It has the potential to improve the detection of chromosomal abnormalities, leading to better pregnancy outcomes and reduced risk of miscarriage. Further research and development in this field is needed to make this approach more accessible and affordable for pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ejiro Peggy Ohwin
- Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria
| | | | - Temitope Gideon Olowe
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, University of Medical Sciences, Ondo, Nigeria
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Turco A, Primiceri E, Chiriacò MS, La Pesa V, Ferrara F, Riva N, Quattrini A, Romano A, Maruccio G. Advancing amyotrophic lateral sclerosis disease diagnosis: A lab-on-chip electrochemical immunosensor for ultra-sensitive TDP-43 protein detection and monitoring in serum patients'. Talanta 2024; 273:125866. [PMID: 38490025 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.125866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
The global increase in population aging has led to a rise in neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), posing significant challenges to public health. Developing selective and specific biomarkers for early diagnosis and drug development is crucial addressing the growing burden of NDs. In this context, the RNA-binding protein TDP-43 has emerged as a promising biomarker for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD), and TDP-43-associated proteinopathies. However, existing detection methods suffer from limitations such as cost, complexity, and operator dependence. Here, we present a novel electrochemical biosensor integrated into a lab-on-chip (LoC) platform to detect TDP-43. The sensor utilizes electrosynthesized polypyrrole derivatives with carboxylic groups for transducer functionalization, enabling targeted immobilization of TDP-43 antibodies. Differential pulsed voltammetry (DPV) is used for the indirect detection and quantification of TDP-43. The chip exhibits rapid response, good reproducibility, a linear detection range, and sensitivity from 0.01 ng/mL to 25 ng/mL of TDP-43 protein concentration with a LOD = 10 pg/mL. Furthermore, successful TDP-43 detection in complex matrices like serum of ALS patients and healthy individuals demonstrates its potential as a point-of-care diagnostic device. This electrochemical biosensor integrated into a chip offers good sensitivity, rapid response, and robust performance, providing a promising avenue for advancing neurodegenerative disease diagnostics and therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Turco
- CNR Nanotec Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy; IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Neuropathology Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Velia La Pesa
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Neuropathology Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Ferrara
- CNR Nanotec Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Nilo Riva
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Neuropathology Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Angelo Quattrini
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Neuropathology Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Romano
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Neuropathology Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Maruccio
- CNR Nanotec Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy; Omnics Research Group, Department of Mathematics and Physics "Ennio De Giorgi", University of Salento, Via per Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
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Giannoukakos S, D'Ambrosi S, Koppers-Lalic D, Gómez-Martín C, Fernandez A, Hackenberg M. Assessing the complementary information from an increased number of biologically relevant features in liquid biopsy-derived RNA-Seq data. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27360. [PMID: 38515664 PMCID: PMC10955244 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Liquid biopsy-derived RNA sequencing (lbRNA-seq) exhibits significant promise for clinic-oriented cancer diagnostics due to its non-invasiveness and ease of repeatability. Despite substantial advancements, obstacles like technical artefacts and process standardisation impede seamless clinical integration. Alongside addressing technical aspects such as normalising fluctuating low-input material and establishing a standardised clinical workflow, the lack of result validation using independent datasets remains a critical factor contributing to the often low reproducibility of liquid biopsy-detected biomarkers. Considering the outlined drawbacks, our objective was to establish a workflow/methodology characterised by: 1. Harness the rich diversity of biological features accessible through lbRNA-seq data, encompassing a holistic range of molecular and functional attributes. These components are seamlessly integrated via a Machine Learning-based Ensemble Classification framework, enabling a unified and comprehensive analysis of the intricate information encoded within the data. 2. Implementing and rigorously benchmarking intra-sample normalisation methods to heighten their relevance within clinical settings. 3. Thoroughly assessing its efficacy across independent test sets to ascertain its robustness and potential utility. Using ten datasets from several studies comprising three different sources of biological material, we first show that while the best-performing normalisation methods depend strongly on the dataset and coupled Machine Learning method, the rather simple Counts Per Million method is generally very robust, showing comparable performance to cross-sample methods. Subsequently, we demonstrate that the innovative biofeature types introduced in this study, such as the Fraction of Canonical Transcript, harbour complementary information. Consequently, their inclusion consistently enhances prediction power compared to models relying solely on gene expression-based biofeatures. Finally, we demonstrate that the workflow is robust on completely independent datasets, generally from different labs and/or different protocols. Taken together, the workflow presented here outperforms generally employed methods in prediction accuracy and may hold potential for clinical diagnostics application due to its specific design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stavros Giannoukakos
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, Granada, 18071, Spain
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, Biomedical Research Centre (CIBM), PTS, Granada, 18100, Spain
- Excellence Research Unit “Modeling Nature” (MNat), University of Granada, Spain
| | - Silvia D'Ambrosi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VU University, Amsterdam, 1081HV, the Netherlands
| | | | - Cristina Gómez-Martín
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1081HV, the Netherlands
| | - Alberto Fernandez
- Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, Andalusian Research Institute in Data Science and Computational Intelligence (DaSCI), University of Granada, Granada, 18071, Spain
| | - Michael Hackenberg
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, Granada, 18071, Spain
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, Biomedical Research Centre (CIBM), PTS, Granada, 18100, Spain
- Excellence Research Unit “Modeling Nature” (MNat), University of Granada, Spain
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Siciliano G, Alsadig A, Chiriacò MS, Turco A, Foscarini A, Ferrara F, Gigli G, Primiceri E. Beyond traditional biosensors: Recent advances in gold nanoparticles modified electrodes for biosensing applications. Talanta 2024; 268:125280. [PMID: 37862755 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have emerged as powerful tools in the construction of highly sensitive electrochemical biosensors. Their unique properties, such as the ability to serve as an effective platform for biomolecule immobilization and to facilitate electron transfer between the electrode surface and the immobilized molecules, make them a promising choice for biosensor applications. Utilizing AuNPs modified electrodes can lead to improved sensitivity and lower limits of detection compared to unmodified electrodes. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the recent advancements and applications of AuNPs-based electrochemical biosensors in the biomedical field. The synthesis methods of AuNPs, their key properties, and various strategies employed for electrode modification are discussed. Furthermore, this review highlights the remarkable applications of these nanostructure-integrated electrodes, including immunosensors, enzyme biosensors, and DNA biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Siciliano
- CNR NANOTEC Institute of Nanotechnology, via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Ahmed Alsadig
- CNR NANOTEC Institute of Nanotechnology, via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Turco
- CNR NANOTEC Institute of Nanotechnology, via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Alessia Foscarini
- CNR NANOTEC Institute of Nanotechnology, via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Francesco Ferrara
- CNR NANOTEC Institute of Nanotechnology, via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Gigli
- CNR NANOTEC Institute of Nanotechnology, via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
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Saeed W, Shahbaz E, Maqsood Q, Ali SW, Mahnoor M. Cutaneous Oncology: Strategies for Melanoma Prevention, Diagnosis, and Therapy. Cancer Control 2024; 31:10732748241274978. [PMID: 39133519 PMCID: PMC11320697 DOI: 10.1177/10732748241274978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Skin cancer comprises one-third of all diagnosed cancer cases and remains a major health concern. Genetic and environmental parameters serve as the two main risk factors associated with the development of skin cancer, with ultraviolet radiation being the most common environmental risk factor. Studies have also found fair complexion, arsenic toxicity, indoor tanning, and family history among the prevailing causes of skin cancer. Prevention and early diagnosis play a crucial role in reducing the frequency and ensuring effective management of skin cancer. Recent studies have focused on exploring minimally invasive or non-invasive diagnostic technologies along with artificial intelligence to facilitate rapid and accurate diagnosis. The treatment of skin cancer ranges from traditional surgical excision to various advanced methods such as phototherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy, targeted therapy, and combination therapy. Recent studies have focused on immunotherapy, with the introduction of new checkpoint inhibitors and personalized immunotherapy enhancing treatment efficacy. Advancements in multi-omics, nanotechnology, and artificial intelligence have further deepened the understanding of the mechanisms underlying tumoral growth and their interaction with therapeutic effects, which has paved the way for precision oncology. This review aims to highlight the recent advancements in the understanding and management of skin cancer, and provide an overview of existing and emerging diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic modalities, while highlighting areas that require further research to bridge the existing knowledge gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wajeeha Saeed
- Department of Food Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Esha Shahbaz
- Department of Food Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Quratulain Maqsood
- Centre for Applied Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore Pakistan
| | - Shinawar Waseem Ali
- Department of Food Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammada Mahnoor
- Sehat Medical Complex Lake City, University of Lahore, Lahore Pakistan
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Nie C, Shaw I, Chen C. Application of microfluidic technology based on surface-enhanced Raman scattering in cancer biomarker detection: A review. J Pharm Anal 2023; 13:1429-1451. [PMID: 38223444 PMCID: PMC10785256 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2023.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
With the continuous discovery and research of predictive cancer-related biomarkers, liquid biopsy shows great potential in cancer diagnosis. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and microfluidic technology have received much attention among the various cancer biomarker detection methods. The former has ultrahigh detection sensitivity and can provide a unique fingerprint. In contrast, the latter has the characteristics of miniaturization and integration, which can realize accurate control of the detection samples and high-throughput detection through design. Both have the potential for point-of-care testing (POCT), and their combination (lab-on-a-chip SERS (LoC-SERS)) shows good compatibility. In this paper, the basic situation of circulating proteins, circulating tumor cells, exosomes, circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), and microRNA (miRNA) in the diagnosis of various cancers is reviewed, and the detection research of these biomarkers by the LoC-SERS platform in recent years is described in detail. At the same time, the challenges and future development of the platform are discussed at the end of the review. Summarizing the current technology is expected to provide a reference for scholars engaged in related work and interested in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhong Nie
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Ibrahim Shaw
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Chuanpin Chen
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
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7
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Marassi V, Giordani S, Placci A, Punzo A, Caliceti C, Zattoni A, Reschiglian P, Roda B, Roda A. Emerging Microfluidic Tools for Simultaneous Exosomes and Cargo Biosensing in Liquid Biopsy: New Integrated Miniaturized FFF-Assisted Approach for Colon Cancer Diagnosis. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:9432. [PMID: 38067805 PMCID: PMC10708636 DOI: 10.3390/s23239432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
The early-stage diagnosis of cancer is a crucial clinical need. The inadequacies of surgery tissue biopsy have prompted a transition to a less invasive profiling of molecular biomarkers from biofluids, known as liquid biopsy. Exosomes are phospholipid bilayer vesicles present in many biofluids with a biologically active cargo, being responsible for cell-to-cell communication in biological systems. An increase in their excretion and changes in their cargo are potential diagnostic biomarkers for an array of diseases, including cancer, and they constitute a promising analyte for liquid biopsy. The number of exosomes released, the morphological properties, the membrane composition, and their content are highly related to the physiological and pathological states. The main analytical challenge to establishing liquid biopsy in clinical practice is the development of biosensors able to detect intact exosomes concentration and simultaneously analyze specific membrane biomarkers and those contained in their cargo. Before analysis, exosomes also need to be isolated from biological fluids. Microfluidic systems can address several issues present in conventional methods (i.e., ultracentrifugation, size-exclusion chromatography, ultrafiltration, and immunoaffinity capture), which are time-consuming and require a relatively high amount of sample; in addition, they can be easily integrated with biosensing systems. A critical review of emerging microfluidic-based devices for integrated biosensing approaches and following the major analytical need for accurate diagnostics is presented here. The design of a new miniaturized biosensing system is also reported. A device based on hollow-fiber flow field-flow fractionation followed by luminescence-based immunoassay is applied to isolate intact exosomes and characterize their cargo as a proof of concept for colon cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Marassi
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (V.M.); (S.G.); (A.P.); (A.Z.); (P.R.)
- National Institute of Biostructure and Biosystems (INBB), 00136 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (C.C.)
- byFlow srl, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Giordani
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (V.M.); (S.G.); (A.P.); (A.Z.); (P.R.)
| | - Anna Placci
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (V.M.); (S.G.); (A.P.); (A.Z.); (P.R.)
| | - Angela Punzo
- National Institute of Biostructure and Biosystems (INBB), 00136 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (C.C.)
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Cristiana Caliceti
- National Institute of Biostructure and Biosystems (INBB), 00136 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (C.C.)
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Interdepartmental Centre for Renewable Sources, Environment, Sea and Energy—CIRI FRAME, University of Bologna, 40131 Bologna, Italy
- Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Agrofood Research—CIRI Agrofood, University of Bologna, 47521 Cesena, Italy
| | - Andrea Zattoni
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (V.M.); (S.G.); (A.P.); (A.Z.); (P.R.)
- National Institute of Biostructure and Biosystems (INBB), 00136 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (C.C.)
- byFlow srl, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Reschiglian
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (V.M.); (S.G.); (A.P.); (A.Z.); (P.R.)
- National Institute of Biostructure and Biosystems (INBB), 00136 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (C.C.)
- byFlow srl, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Barbara Roda
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (V.M.); (S.G.); (A.P.); (A.Z.); (P.R.)
- National Institute of Biostructure and Biosystems (INBB), 00136 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (C.C.)
- byFlow srl, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Aldo Roda
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (V.M.); (S.G.); (A.P.); (A.Z.); (P.R.)
- National Institute of Biostructure and Biosystems (INBB), 00136 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (C.C.)
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Siciliano G, Chiriacò MS, Ferrara F, Turco A, Velardi L, Signore MA, Esposito M, Gigli G, Primiceri E. Development of an MIP based electrochemical sensor for TGF-β1 detection and its application in liquid biopsy. Analyst 2023; 148:4447-4455. [PMID: 37599598 DOI: 10.1039/d3an00958k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Oral cancer is one of the most common types of cancer in Europe and its large diffusion requires, together with prevention, the development of low-cost and reliable portable platforms for its diagnosis, with features of high selectivity and sensitivity. In this study, the development and characterization of a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP)-based electrochemical sensor for TGF-β1 detection are reported. The optimized biosensor is a potential tool for the early screening of oral cancer. A biomimetic surface has been obtained by electropolymerization of o-phenylenediamine (o-PD) on platinum electrodes, in the presence of TGF-β1 as a template molecule. MIP synthesis, template removal and TGF-β1 rebinding have been monitored by Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV). Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) has been performed to investigate and characterize the surface morphology and the influence of the washing step on MIP and NIP (non-imprinted polymer as the control) while the thickness of the polymer layer has been measured by Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (STEM) analysis. The MIP sensor performance has been tested in both buffer solution and saliva samples with TGF-β1, showing a linear response in the considered range (from 20 ng ml-1 down to 0.5 ng ml-1), an outstanding LOD of 0.09 ng mL-1 and affinity and selectivity to TGF-β1 also in the presence of interfering molecules. The sensor was used also for the detection of target molecules in spiked saliva samples with good recovery results suggesting the possibility of the use of the proposed system for large scale fast screening in oral cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Siciliano
- Institute of Nanotechnology, CNR-Nanotec, via per Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy.
| | | | - Francesco Ferrara
- Institute of Nanotechnology, CNR-Nanotec, via per Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy.
| | - Antonio Turco
- Institute of Nanotechnology, CNR-Nanotec, via per Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy.
| | - Luciano Velardi
- Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems, CNR-IMM, via per Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Maria Assunta Signore
- Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems, CNR-IMM, via per Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Marco Esposito
- Institute of Nanotechnology, CNR-Nanotec, via per Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Gigli
- Institute of Nanotechnology, CNR-Nanotec, via per Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy.
| | - Elisabetta Primiceri
- Institute of Nanotechnology, CNR-Nanotec, via per Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy.
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El-Aal AEA, Elshafei A, Ismail MY, El-Shafey MM. Identification of miR-106b-5p, miR-601, and miR-760 Expression and Their Clinical Values in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) Patients' Serum. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 248:154663. [PMID: 37429174 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
AIM to explore the relative quantitative determination of the serum level of three miRNAs (miR-601, 760, and 106b-5p) and determine their expression pattern in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients in comparison to controls. Also, to reveal each miRNA's diagnostic and prognostic impact on NSCLC patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Serum miR-106b-5p, 601, and 760 expression profiles were estimated by real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) for 70 NSCLC patients, age-matched with 30 control subjects. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis estimated their diagnostic and prognostic potentials. RESULTS In comparison to the control, the miR-106b-5p expression pattern was upregulated (1.836 ± 0.254, p = 0.0012) while both miR-601 and miR-760 expression patterns were considerably downregulated (-0.586 ± 0.1906, p < 0.0001) and (-1.633 ± 0.152, p < 0.0001), respectively with predominant down-expression for miR-760 among cases. MiR-760 showed the highest diagnostic potential (AUC = 0.943 and 0.864 respectively), whereas miR-601 has a higher prognostic power (AUC = 0.771 and 0.682, respectively) for differentiating early stages (I/II) NSCLC patients from control subjects. Moreover, miR-760 presented the highest prognostic potential for differentiating NSCLC stages. CONCLUSION Both serum miR-760 and miR-601 may be used as potential biomarkers of NSCLC in Egyptian patients with a stronger staging and diagnostic potential for miR-760.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed E Abd El-Aal
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Elshafei
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Maha Y Ismail
- Medical Oncology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mostafa M El-Shafey
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
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Farahinia A, Zhang W, Badea I. Recent Developments in Inertial and Centrifugal Microfluidic Systems along with the Involved Forces for Cancer Cell Separation: A Review. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:s23115300. [PMID: 37300027 DOI: 10.3390/s23115300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The treatment of cancers is a significant challenge in the healthcare context today. Spreading circulating tumor cells (CTCs) throughout the body will eventually lead to cancer metastasis and produce new tumors near the healthy tissues. Therefore, separating these invading cells and extracting cues from them is extremely important for determining the rate of cancer progression inside the body and for the development of individualized treatments, especially at the beginning of the metastasis process. The continuous and fast separation of CTCs has recently been achieved using numerous separation techniques, some of which involve multiple high-level operational protocols. Although a simple blood test can detect the presence of CTCs in the blood circulation system, the detection is still restricted due to the scarcity and heterogeneity of CTCs. The development of more reliable and effective techniques is thus highly desired. The technology of microfluidic devices is promising among many other bio-chemical and bio-physical technologies. This paper reviews recent developments in the two types of microfluidic devices, which are based on the size and/or density of cells, for separating cancer cells. The goal of this review is to identify knowledge or technology gaps and to suggest future works.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Farahinia
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada
| | - Ildiko Badea
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
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11
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Smejkal J, Aubrecht P, Semerádtová A, Štofik M, Liegertová M, Malý J. Immunocapturing rare cells from blood: A simple and robust microsystem approach. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 227:115155. [PMID: 36821992 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
Cell immunocapture microsystems are a fast-emerging field with several potential medical diagnostic applications. Isolation and quantification of circulating rare cells (CRCs) show great importance in the early stages of disease diagnostics and prognostics. Here, we present a simple and robust stop-flow microsystem (fabricated by a combination of glass microblasting and 3D printing) based on a planar antibody-coated surface that is effective in the immunocapture of the model as well as naturally occurring rare cells. A chip with a planar immunocapture channel working in the so-called stop-flow dynamic regime was designed to enable monitoring the efficiency of the cell capture by fluorescence microscopy. Up to 90% immunocapture efficiency of MCF-7 cells spiked into whole blood on CD326 antibody-coated planar surfaces was achieved. We discuss the role of the planar surface modifications, the influence of the set stop-flow dynamic conditions, and medium complexity on the efficiency of cell immunocapture. The presented results could be further employed in the design of microsystems for cell-size-independent isolation and identification of rare cells from blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiří Smejkal
- Centre for Nanomaterials and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Jan Evangelista Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem, 400 96, Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic.
| | - Petr Aubrecht
- Centre for Nanomaterials and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Jan Evangelista Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem, 400 96, Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Semerádtová
- Centre for Nanomaterials and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Jan Evangelista Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem, 400 96, Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - Marcel Štofik
- Centre for Nanomaterials and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Jan Evangelista Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem, 400 96, Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Liegertová
- Centre for Nanomaterials and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Jan Evangelista Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem, 400 96, Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Malý
- Centre for Nanomaterials and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Jan Evangelista Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem, 400 96, Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic
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Garzarelli V, Chiriacò MS, Cereda M, Gigli G, Ferrara F. Ultrasensitive qPCR platform for rapid detection of bacterial contamination of raw biological samples at the point of care. Heliyon 2023; 9:e16229. [PMID: 37234630 PMCID: PMC10205631 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Contamination of cell cultures can result in a significant loss of precious biological material, particularly in long-term processes including amplification of chimeric antigen receptors (CAR)-T cells and differentiation of patient-derived stem cells, for therapeutic purposes. Bacterial contamination can also lead to more complex conditions such as sepsis which can cause morbidity and mortality, despite strict controls and good laboratory/manufacturing practices in the manipulation of complex biological samples such as blood used in autologous and allogeneic stem cells transplantation. The current standard method to identify biological risk is the set-up of microbial cultures, which can be time consuming with the likelihood of wasting large amounts of reagents in the event of contamination. Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR) is a molecular method able to detect biological agents in a highly sensitive and specific way and in a short time. However, qPCR assays require complex DNA/RNA purification steps and expensive benchtop instruments, which may not always be available. This paper reports an extraction-free and low-volume protocol for qPCR in a standard instrument, which has been demonstrated to be effective on both Gram-positive (Gram+) and Gram-negative (Gram-) bacteria. Detection has been obtained from spiked cell culture samples, reaching a limit of detection (LOD) of 1 colony forming unit (CFU)/ml. To demonstrate the high potential of this optimized procedure, the same samples were also tested on a Point-Of-Care platform, which includes a cartridge with micro-chambers and a compact instrument, capable of performing qPCR with the same efficiency. Staphylococcus aureus (Gram+) was selected as the target for a proof of concept, achieving a LOD of 1 CFU/ml also on the portable device. The availability of these results paves the way for a simplified protocol for DNA extraction and amplification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Garzarelli
- University of Salento, Dept. of Mathematics & Physics E. de Giorgi, Via Arnesano, 73100, Lecce, Italy
- CNR NANOTEC – Institute of Nanotechnology, via per Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | | | - Marco Cereda
- STMicroelectronics S.r.l., via Olivetti 2, 20864, Agrate Brianza, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gigli
- University of Salento, Dept. of Mathematics & Physics E. de Giorgi, Via Arnesano, 73100, Lecce, Italy
- CNR NANOTEC – Institute of Nanotechnology, via per Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Francesco Ferrara
- CNR NANOTEC – Institute of Nanotechnology, via per Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
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13
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di Toma A, Brunetti G, Chiriacò MS, Ferrara F, Ciminelli C. A Novel Hybrid Platform for Live/Dead Bacteria Accurate Sorting by On-Chip DEP Device. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087077. [PMID: 37108235 PMCID: PMC10139405 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
According to the World Health Organization (WHO) forecasts, Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) will be the leading cause of death worldwide in the next decades. To prevent this phenomenon, rapid Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (AST) techniques are required to drive the selection of the most suitable antibiotic and its dosage. In this context, we propose an on-chip platform, based on a micromixer and a microfluidic channel, combined with a pattern of engineered electrodes to exploit the di-electrophoresis (DEP) effect. The role of the micromixer is to ensure the proper interaction of the antibiotic with the bacteria over a long time (≈1 h), and the DEP-based microfluidic channel enables the efficient sorting of live from dead bacteria. A sorting efficiency of more than 98%, with low power consumption (Vpp = 1 V) and time response of 5 s, within a chip footprint of ≈86 mm2, has been calculated, which makes the proposed system very attractive and innovative for efficient and rapid monitoring of the antimicrobial susceptibility at the single-bacterium level in next-generation medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annarita di Toma
- Optoelectronics Laboratory, Politecnico di Bari, Via E. Orabona 6, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Brunetti
- Optoelectronics Laboratory, Politecnico di Bari, Via E. Orabona 6, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Ferrara
- CNR NANOTEC-Institute of Nanotechnology, Via per Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Caterina Ciminelli
- Optoelectronics Laboratory, Politecnico di Bari, Via E. Orabona 6, 70125 Bari, Italy
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Salfer B, Li F, Wong DT, Zhang L. Urinary Cell-Free DNA in Liquid Biopsy and Cancer Management. Clin Chem 2022; 68:1493-1501. [PMID: 36213956 PMCID: PMC10423312 DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/hvac122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current methodology used to detect, diagnose, and monitor many types of cancers requires invasive tissue biopsy testing. Recently, liquid biopsy using blood, plasma, urine, saliva, and various other bodily fluids has shown utility to solve many issues associated with tissue biopsy. Blood/plasma has received most of the attention within the liquid biopsy field, however, obtaining blood samples from patients is still somewhat invasive and requires trained professionals. Using urine to detect cell-free DNA cancer biomarkers offers a truly non-invasive sampling method that can be easily and reproducibly conducted by patients. CONTENT Novel technologies and approaches have made the detection of small quantities of cell-free tumor DNA of varying lengths possible. Recent studies using urine circulating tumor DNA to detect cancer mutations and other biomarkers have shown sensitivity comparable to blood/plasma cell-free DNA liquid biopsy for many cancer types. Thus, urine cell-free DNA liquid biopsy may replace or provide supplementary information to tissue/blood biopsies. Further investigation with larger patient cohorts and standardization of pre-analytical factors is necessary to determine the utility of urine cell-free DNA liquid biopsy for cancer detection, diagnosis, and monitoring in a clinical setting. SUMMARY In this mini-review we discuss the biological aspects of cell-free DNA in urine, numerous studies using urine cell-free DNA to detect urological cancers, and recent studies using urine cell-free DNA to detect and monitor non-urological cancers including lung, breast, colorectal, and other cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blake Salfer
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Feng Li
- School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - David T.W. Wong
- School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Liying Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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15
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Liu Z, Kong Y, Dang Q, Weng S, Zheng Y, Ren Y, Lv J, Li N, Han Y, Han X. Liquid Biopsy in Pre-Metastatic Niche: From Molecular Mechanism to Clinical Application. Front Immunol 2022; 13:958360. [PMID: 35911705 PMCID: PMC9334814 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.958360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic dissemination represents a hallmark of cancer that is responsible for the high mortality rate. Recently, emerging evidence demonstrates a time-series event—pre-metastatic niche (PMN) has a profound impact on cancer metastasis. Exosomes, cell-free DNA (cfDNA), circulating tumor cells (CTC), and tumor microenvironment components, as critical components in PMN establishment, could be monitored by liquid biopsy. Intensive studies based on the molecular profile of liquid biopsy have made it a viable alternative to tissue biopsy. Meanwhile, the complex molecular mechanism and intercellular interaction are great challenges for applying liquid biopsy in clinical practice. This article reviews the cellular and molecular components involved in the establishment of the PMN and the promotion of metastasis, as well as the mechanisms of their interactions. Better knowledge of the characteristics of the PMN may facilitate the application of liquid biopsy for clinical diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaoqu Liu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Interventional Institute of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Interventional Treatment and Clinical Research Center of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ying Kong
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qin Dang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Siyuan Weng
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Youyang Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuqing Ren
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jinxiang Lv
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yilin Han
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xinwei Han
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Interventional Institute of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Interventional Treatment and Clinical Research Center of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xinwei Han,
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Design of a Sensitive Extracellular Vesicle Detection Method Utilizing a Surface-Functionalized Power-Free Microchip. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12070679. [PMID: 35877881 PMCID: PMC9323264 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12070679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), which are small membrane vesicles secreted from cells into bodily fluids, are promising candidates as biomarkers for various diseases. We propose a simple, highly sensitive method for detecting EVs using a microchip. The limit of detection (LOD) for EVs was improved 29-fold by changing the microchannel structure of the microchip and by optimizing the EV detection protocols. The height of the microchannel was changed from 25 to 8 µm only at the detection region, and the time for EV capture was extended from 5 to 10 min. The LOD was 6.3 × 1010 particles/mL, which is lower than the concentration of EVs in the blood. The detection time was 19 min, and the volume of EV solution used was 2.0 µL. These results indicate that an efficient supply of EVs to the detection region is effective in improving the sensitivity of EV detection. The proposed EV detection method is expected to contribute to the establishment of EV-based cancer point-of-care testing.
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