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Meliana C, Liu J, Show PL, Low SS. Biosensor in smart food traceability system for food safety and security. Bioengineered 2024; 15:2310908. [PMID: 38303521 PMCID: PMC10841032 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2024.2310908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The burden of food contamination and food wastage has significantly contributed to the increased prevalence of foodborne disease and food insecurity all over the world. Due to this, there is an urgent need to develop a smarter food traceability system. Recent advancements in biosensors that are easy-to-use, rapid yet selective, sensitive, and cost-effective have shown great promise to meet the critical demand for onsite and immediate diagnosis and treatment of food safety and quality control (i.e. point-of-care technology). This review article focuses on the recent development of different biosensors for food safety and quality monitoring. In general, the application of biosensors in agriculture (i.e. pre-harvest stage) for early detection and routine control of plant infections or stress is discussed. Afterward, a more detailed advancement of biosensors in the past five years within the food supply chain (i.e. post-harvest stage) to detect different types of food contaminants and smart food packaging is highlighted. A section that discusses perspectives for the development of biosensors in the future is also mentioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Meliana
- Nottingham Ningbo China Beacons of Excellence Research and Innovation Institute, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jingjing Liu
- College of Automation Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin, Jilin Province, China
| | - Pau Loke Show
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi Municipality, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Sze Shin Low
- Nottingham Ningbo China Beacons of Excellence Research and Innovation Institute, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China
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Škovranová G, Molčanová L, Jug B, Jug D, Klančnik A, Smole-Možina S, Treml J, Tušek Žnidarič M, Sychrová A. Perspectives on antimicrobial properties of Paulownia tomentosa Steud. fruit products in the control of Staphylococcus aureus infections. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 321:117461. [PMID: 37979817 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Paulownia tomentosa Steud. (P. tomentosa) is a medium-sized tree traditionally used in Chinese folk medicine for the treatment of infectious diseases. It is a rich source of prenylated phenolic compounds that have been extensively studied for their promising biological activities. AIM OF THE STUDY Due to the increasing development of antibiotic resistance, our study investigated plant-derived natural products from the fruits of P. tomentosa that could control Staphylococcus aureus infections with novel targets/modes of action and reduce antimicrobial resistance. MATERIALS AND METHODS The ethanolic extract was fractionated and detected by liquid chromatography. The antistaphylococcal effects of the plant formulations were studied in detail in vitro by various biological methods, including microdilution methods for minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), the checkerboard titration technique for synergy assay, fluorescence measurements for membrane disruption experiments, autoinducer-2-mediated bioassay for quorum sensing inhibition, and counting of colony-forming units for relative adhesion. Morphology was examined by transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS Total ethanolic extract and chloroform fraction showed MICs of 128 and 32 μg/mL, respectively. Diplacol, diplacone, and 3'-O-methyl-5'-hydroxydiplacone inhibited S. aureus growth in the range of 8-16 μg/mL. Synergistic potential was shown in combination with mupirocin and fusidic acid. The ethanolic extract and the chloroform fraction destroyed the cell membranes by 91.61% and 79.46%, respectively, while the pure compounds were less active. The ethanolic extract and the pure compounds reduced the number of adhered cells to 47.33-10.26% compared to the untreated control. All tested plant formulations, except diplacone, inhibited quorum sensing of S. aureus. Transmission electron microscopy showed deformation of S. aureus cells. CONCLUSIONS The products from the fruit of P. tomentosa showed antimicrobial properties against S. aureus alone and in combination with antibiotics. By affecting intracellular targets, geranylated flavonoids proposed novel approaches in the control of staphylococcal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Škovranová
- Department of Molecular Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Masaryk University, 612 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Lenka Molčanová
- Department of Natural Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Masaryk University, 612 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Blaž Jug
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Dina Jug
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Anja Klančnik
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Sonja Smole-Možina
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jakub Treml
- Department of Molecular Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Masaryk University, 612 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Magda Tušek Žnidarič
- Department of Biotechnology and System Biology, National Institute of Biology, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Alice Sychrová
- Department of Natural Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Masaryk University, 612 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
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Klančnik A, Abram M. New Insights into Foodborne Bacteria-Host Interactions: Evolving Research and Discoveries. Microorganisms 2023; 12:78. [PMID: 38257904 PMCID: PMC10818965 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12010078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Given the growing concern about foodborne diseases, intensive research and the development of new approaches are crucial [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Klančnik
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Maja Abram
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia;
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Clinical Hospital Centre Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
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Kemper L, Hensel A. Campylobacter jejuni: targeting host cells, adhesion, invasion, and survival. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:2725-2754. [PMID: 36941439 PMCID: PMC10027602 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12456-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni, causing strong enteritis, is an unusual bacterium with numerous peculiarities. Chemotactically controlled motility in viscous milieu allows targeted navigation to intestinal mucus and colonization. By phase variation, quorum sensing, extensive O-and N-glycosylation and use of the flagellum as type-3-secretion system C. jejuni adapts effectively to environmental conditions. C. jejuni utilizes proteases to open cell-cell junctions and subsequently transmigrates paracellularly. Fibronectin at the basolateral side of polarized epithelial cells serves as binding site for adhesins CadF and FlpA, leading to intracellular signaling, which again triggers membrane ruffling and reduced host cell migration by focal adhesion. Cell contacts of C. jejuni results in its secretion of invasion antigens, which induce membrane ruffling by paxillin-independent pathway. In addition to fibronectin-binding proteins, other adhesins with other target structures and lectins and their corresponding sugar structures are involved in host-pathogen interaction. Invasion into the intestinal epithelial cell depends on host cell structures. Fibronectin, clathrin, and dynein influence cytoskeletal restructuring, endocytosis, and vesicular transport, through different mechanisms. C. jejuni can persist over a 72-h period in the cell. Campylobacter-containing vacuoles, avoid fusion with lysosomes and enter the perinuclear space via dynein, inducing signaling pathways. Secretion of cytolethal distending toxin directs the cell into programmed cell death, including the pyroptotic release of proinflammatory substances from the destroyed cell compartments. The immune system reacts with an inflammatory cascade by participation of numerous immune cells. The development of autoantibodies, directed not only against lipooligosaccharides, but also against endogenous gangliosides, triggers autoimmune diseases. Lesions of the epithelium result in loss of electrolytes, water, and blood, leading to diarrhea, which flushes out mucus containing C. jejuni. Together with the response of the immune system, this limits infection time. Based on the structural interactions between host cell and bacterium, the numerous virulence mechanisms, signaling, and effects that characterize the infection process of C. jejuni, a wide variety of targets for attenuation of the pathogen can be characterized. The review summarizes strategies of C. jejuni for host-pathogen interaction and should stimulate innovative research towards improved definition of targets for future drug development. KEY POINTS: • Bacterial adhesion of Campylobacter to host cells and invasion into host cells are strictly coordinated processes, which can serve as targets to prevent infection. • Reaction and signalling of host cell depend on the cell type. • Campylobacter virulence factors can be used as targets for development of antivirulence drug compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon Kemper
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Phytochemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 48, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Andreas Hensel
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Phytochemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 48, 48149, Münster, Germany.
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Ramić D, Jug B, Šimunović K, Tušek Žnidarič M, Kunej U, Toplak N, Kovač M, Fournier M, Jamnik P, Smole Možina S, Klančnik A. The Role of luxS in Campylobacter jejuni Beyond Intercellular Signaling. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0257222. [PMID: 36722966 PMCID: PMC10100756 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02572-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The full role of the luxS gene in the biological processes, such as essential amino acid synthesis, nitrogen and pyruvate metabolism, and flagellar assembly, of Campylobacter jejuni has not been clearly described to date. Therefore, in this study, we used a comprehensive approach at the cellular and molecular levels, including transcriptomics and proteomics, to investigate the key role of the luxS gene and compared C. jejuni 11168ΔluxS (luxS mutant) and C. jejuni NCTC 11168 (wild type) strains. Transcriptomic analysis of the luxS mutant grown under optimal conditions revealed upregulation of luxS mutant metabolic pathways when normalized to wild type, including oxidative phosphorylation, carbon metabolism, citrate cycle, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, and biosynthesis of various essential amino acids. Interestingly, induction of these metabolic pathways was also confirmed by proteomic analysis, indicating their important role in energy production and the growth of C. jejuni. In addition, genes important for the stress response of C. jejuni, including nutrient starvation and oxidative stress, were upregulated. This was also evident in the better survival of the luxS mutant under starvation conditions than the wild type. At the molecular level, we confirmed that metabolic pathways were upregulated under optimal conditions in the luxS mutant, including those important for the biosynthesis of several essential amino acids. This also modulated the utilization of various carbon and nitrogen sources, as determined by Biolog phenotype microarray analysis. In summary, transcriptomic and proteomic analysis revealed key biological differences in tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, pyruvate, nitrogen, and thiamine metabolism as well as lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis in the luxS mutant. IMPORTANCE Campylobacter jejuni is the world's leading foodborne bacterial pathogen of gastrointestinal disease in humans. C. jejuni is a fastidious but widespread organism and the most frequently reported zoonotic pathogen in the European Union since 2005. This led us to believe that C. jejuni, which is highly sensitive to stress factors (starvation and oxygen concentration) and has a low growth rate, benefits significantly from the luxS gene. The role of this gene in the life cycle of C. jejuni is well known, and the expression of luxS regulates many phenotypes, including motility, biofilm formation, host colonization, virulence, autoagglutination, cellular adherence and invasion, oxidative stress, and chemotaxis. Surprisingly, this study confirmed for the first time that the deletion of the luxS gene strongly affects the central metabolic pathway of C. jejuni, which improves its survival, showing its role beyond the intercellular signaling system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Ramić
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Blaž Jug
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Katarina Šimunović
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Microbiology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Magda Tušek Žnidarič
- Department of Biotechnology and System Biology, National institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Urban Kunej
- Department of Agronomy, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | | | - Marjorie Fournier
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Polona Jamnik
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Sonja Smole Možina
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Anja Klančnik
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Nam NN, Do HDK, Trinh KTL, Lee NY. Recent Progress in Nanotechnology-Based Approaches for Food Monitoring. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:nano12234116. [PMID: 36500739 PMCID: PMC9740597 DOI: 10.3390/nano12234116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Throughout the food supply chain, including production, storage, and distribution, food can be contaminated by harmful chemicals and microorganisms, resulting in a severe threat to human health. In recent years, the rapid advancement and development of nanotechnology proposed revolutionary solutions to solve several problems in scientific and industrial areas, including food monitoring. Nanotechnology can be incorporated into chemical and biological sensors to improve analytical performance, such as response time, sensitivity, selectivity, reliability, and accuracy. Based on the characteristics of the contaminants and the detection methods, nanotechnology can be applied in different ways in order to improve conventional techniques. Nanomaterials such as nanoparticles, nanorods, nanosheets, nanocomposites, nanotubes, and nanowires provide various functions for the immobilization and labeling of contaminants in electrochemical and optical detection. This review summarizes the recent advances in nanotechnology for detecting chemical and biological contaminations in the food supply chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Nhat Nam
- Biotechnology Center, School of Agriculture and Aquaculture, Tra Vinh University, Tra Vinh City 87000, Vietnam
| | - Hoang Dang Khoa Do
- NTT Hi-Tech Institute, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ward 13, District 04, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Vietnam
| | - Kieu The Loan Trinh
- Department of Industrial Environmental Engineering, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si 13120, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (K.T.L.T.); (N.Y.L.)
| | - Nae Yoon Lee
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si 13120, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (K.T.L.T.); (N.Y.L.)
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Illuminating the signalomics of microbial biofilm on plant surfaces. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2022.102537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Extracellular c-di-GMP Plays a Role in Biofilm Formation and Dispersion of Campylobacter jejuni. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10102030. [PMID: 36296307 PMCID: PMC9608569 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10102030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclic diguanosine monophosphate (c-diGMP) is a ubiquitous second messenger involved in the regulation of many signalling systems in bacteria, including motility and biofilm formation. Recently, it has been reported that c-di-GMP was detected in C. jejuni DRH212; however, the presence and the role of c-di-GMP in other C. jejuni strains are unknown. Here, we investigated extracellular c-di-GMP as an environmental signal that potentially triggers biofilm formation in C. jejuni NCTC 11168 using a crystal violet-based assay, motility-based plate assay, RT-PCR and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). We found that, in presence of extracellular c-di-GMP, the biofilm formation was significantly reduced (>50%) and biofilm dispersion enhanced (up to 60%) with no effect on growth. In addition, the presence of extracellular c-di-GMP promoted chemotactic motility, inhibited the adherence of C. jejuni NCTC 11168-O to Caco-2 cells and upregulated the expression of Cj1198 (luxS, encoding quarum sensing pathway component, autoinducer-2), as well as chemotaxis genes Cj0284c (cheA) and Cj0448c (tlp6). Unexpectedly, the expression of Cj0643 (cbrR), containing a GGDEF-like domain and recently identified as a potential diguanylate cyclase gene, required for the synthesis of c-di-GMP, was not affected. Our findings suggest that extracellular c-di-GMP could be involved in C. jejuni gene regulation, sensing and biofilm dispersion.
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Ramić D, Ogrizek J, Bucar F, Jeršek B, Jeršek M, Možina SS. Campylobacter jejuni Biofilm Control with Lavandin Essential Oils and By-Products. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11070854. [PMID: 35884108 PMCID: PMC9312237 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11070854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The food industry is constantly struggling with one of the most prevalent biofilm-forming and food-borne pathogenic bacteria, Campylobacter jejuni. Different approaches are used to control biofilms in the food production chain, but none is fully effective. In this study, we aim to produce and determine the chemical profile of essential oils (EOs), ethanolic extracts of flowers prior to distillation (EFs), and ethanolic extracts of post-distillation waste material (EWMs) from Lavandula × intermedia ‘Bila’, ‘Budrovka’ St Nicholas and ‘Budrovka’, which were further used to reduce C. jejuni intercellular signaling, adhesion, and biofilm formation, as well as to test their antioxidant activity. Glycosides of hydroxycinnamic acids were the major constituents of both types of lavandin ethanolic extract, while linalool, linalyl acetate, 1,8-cineol, and camphor were the major compounds found in lavandin EOs. Tested EOs showed the best antibacterial activity with a minimal inhibitory concentration of 0.25 mg/mL. Lavandin EFs proved more effective in reducing C. jejuni intercellular signaling and adhesion compared to lavandin EOs and EWMs, while lavandin EOs showed a slightly better effect against biofilm formation. Interestingly, the best antioxidant activity was determined for lavandin EWMs. A positive and moderate correlation was found between the reduction of C. jejuni intercellular signaling and adhesion, as well as between adhesion and biofilm formation. These findings mean novel bacterial targets are of interest for biofilm control with alternative natural agents throughout the whole food production chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Ramić
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (D.R.); (J.O.); (B.J.)
| | - Janja Ogrizek
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (D.R.); (J.O.); (B.J.)
| | - Franz Bucar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, A-8010 Graz, Austria;
| | - Barbka Jeršek
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (D.R.); (J.O.); (B.J.)
| | - Miha Jeršek
- Slovenian Museum of Natural History, Prešernova Cesta 20, 1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Sonja Smole Možina
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (D.R.); (J.O.); (B.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +386-1-320-3751
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