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Recent Advances on the Production of Itaconic Acid via the Fermentation and Metabolic Engineering. FERMENTATION 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation9010071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Itaconic acid (ITA) is one of the top 12 platform chemicals. The global ITA market is expanding due to the rising demand for bio-based unsaturated polyester resin and its non-toxic qualities. Although bioconversion using microbes is the main approach in the current industrial production of ITA, ecological production of bio-based ITA faces several issues due to: low production efficiency, the difficulty to employ inexpensive raw materials, and high manufacturing costs. As metabolic engineering advances, the engineering of microorganisms offers a novel strategy for the promotion of ITA bio-production. In this review, the most recent developments in the production of ITA through fermentation and metabolic engineering are compiled from a variety of perspectives, including the identification of the ITA synthesis pathway, the metabolic engineering of natural ITA producers, the design and construction of the ITA synthesis pathway in model chassis, and the creation, as well as application, of new metabolic engineering strategies in ITA production. The challenges encountered in the bio-production of ITA in microbial cell factories are discussed, and some suggestions for future study are also proposed, which it is hoped offers insightful views to promote the cost-efficient and sustainable industrial production of ITA.
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Xue C, Zheng J, Wang G, Feng L, Li F. Construction and Characterization of an Intergeneric Fusant That Degrades the Fungicides Chlorothalonil and Carbendazim. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:842736. [PMID: 35359711 PMCID: PMC8960146 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.842736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bordetella sp. CTN-16 (GenBank FJ598326) can degrade chlorothalonil (CTN) but not carbendazim (MBC), and Microbacterium sp. MBC-3 (GenBank OK667229) can degrade MBC but not CTN. A functional strain BD2 was obtained by protoplast fusion of CTN-16 and MBC-3 to generate a fusant with improved degradation efficiency of CTN and MBC. Fusant-BD2 with eighth transfer on a medium containing CTN and two antibiotics was obtained. To identify and confirm the genetic relationship between parental strains and fusion strain BD2, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), and 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequences analysis were carried out. SEM analysis illustrated BD2 and its parents had some slight differences in the cell morphology. Fusant-BD2 not only possessed the same bands as parental strains but also had its specific bands analyzed through RAPD. The genetic similarity indices for BD2 and its parental strains CTN-16 and MBC-3 are 0.571 and 0.428, respectively. The degradation rates of CTN and MBC were 79.8% and 65.2% in the inorganic salt solution containing 50 mg·L−1 CTN and 50 mg·L−1 MBC, respectively, and the degradation efficiencies were better than the parental strains CTN-16 and MBC-3. This study provides a prospect for the application of fusion strain BD2 in bioremediation of CTN and MBC contaminated sites.
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Papzan Z, Kowsari M, Javan-Nikkhah M, Gohari AM, Limón MC. Strain improvement of Trichoderma spp. through two-step protoplast fusion for cellulase production enhancement. Can J Microbiol 2020; 67:406-414. [PMID: 33226848 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2020-0438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Fungal protoplast fusion is an approach to introduce novel characteristics into industrially important strains. Cellulases, essential enzymes with a wide range of biotechnological applications, are produced by many species of the filamentous fungi Trichoderma. In this study, a collection of 60 natural isolates were screened for Avicel and carboxymethyl cellulose degradation, and two cellulase producers of Trichoderma virens and Trichoderma harzianum were used for protoplast fusion. One of the resulting hybrids with improved cellulase activity, C1-3, was fused with the hyperproducer Trichoderma reesei Rut-C30. A new selected hybrid, F7, was increased in cellulase activity 1.8 and 5 times in comparison with Rut-C30 and C1-3, respectively. The increases in enzyme activity correlated with an upregulation of the cellulolytic genes cbh1, cbh2, egl3, and bgl1 in the parents. The amount of mRNA of cbh1 and cbh2 in F7 resembled that of Rut-C30 while the bgl1 mRNA level was similar to that of C1-3. AFLP (amplified fragment length polymorphism) fingerprinting and GC-MS (gas chromatography - mass spectrometry) analysis represented variations in parental strains and fusants. In conclusion, the results demonstrate that a 3-interspecific hybrid strain was isolated, with improved characteristics for cellulase degradation and showing genetic polymorphisms and differences in the volatile profile, suggesting reorganizations at the genetic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Papzan
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Engineering, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.,Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Seville, Seville 41012, Spain
| | - Mojegan Kowsari
- Microbial Biotechnology Department, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Shahid Fahmideh Boulevard, P.O. Box 31535-1897, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javan-Nikkhah
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Engineering, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Amir Mirzadi Gohari
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Engineering, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - M Carmen Limón
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Seville, Seville 41012, Spain
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Construction of recombinant fusant yeasts for the production of cider with low alcohol and enhanced aroma. Eur Food Res Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-020-03436-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Hirpara DG, Gajera HP, Patel AK, Katakpara ZA, Golakiya BA. Molecular insights into development of
Trichoderma
interfusants for multistress tolerance enhancing antagonism against
Sclerotium rolfsii
Sacc. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:7368-7383. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Darshna G. Hirpara
- Department of Biotechnology College of Agriculture, Junagadh Agricultural University Junagadh Gujarat India
| | - H. P. Gajera
- Department of Biotechnology College of Agriculture, Junagadh Agricultural University Junagadh Gujarat India
| | - Abha K. Patel
- Department of Biotechnology College of Agriculture, Junagadh Agricultural University Junagadh Gujarat India
| | - Zinkal A. Katakpara
- Department of Biotechnology College of Agriculture, Junagadh Agricultural University Junagadh Gujarat India
| | - B. A. Golakiya
- Department of Biotechnology College of Agriculture, Junagadh Agricultural University Junagadh Gujarat India
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Hirpara DG, Gajera HP. Molecular heterozygosity and genetic exploitations of Trichoderma inter-fusants enhancing tolerance to fungicides and mycoparasitism against Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2018; 66:26-36. [PMID: 30219319 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2018.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Protoplast fusion is an imperative tool to develop Trichoderma inter-fusants having desire traits through genetic manipulation. Study designed to develop diverse Trichoderma fusants for fungicide tolerance (Mancozeb, Thiram, Tebuconazole, and Carbendazim) and enhanced mycoparasitic activity against Sclerotium rolfsii sacc. The mycoparasitic T. virens NBAII Tvs12 and fungicide tolerant T. koningii MTCC 796 were utilized for protoplast fusion. The derived inter-fusants were subjected to diploidization using d-camphor in minimal media followed by successive three sub culturing onto potato dextrose agar to obtain 36 stable fusants. The stable fusants were employed for conidial size, fungicide tolerance, mycoparasitism, gene specific SSR amplification and molecular heterozygosity analysis. The results explained that 22 homozygous mutants illustrated characteristic of either one parental strain and 14 heterozygous recombinants depicted traits of both parental strains. The antagonistic activity of fusants against S. rolfsii depicted highest growth inhibition (87.91%) by potent inter-fusant (Fu 21) with improved fungicide tolerance capacity. The molecular study revealed highest observed heterozygocity (0.544), coefficient of gene differentiation (0.526) and gene flow (0.387) by Fu 21 indicating better genetic exploitation of parental strains into that fusant with good genetic purity. Principal coordinate analysis of fusants and parental strains exhibited 65.07% total variation and confirmed the scattering pattern matched with UPGMA clustering pattern. The stable heterozygous Fu 21 derived from inter-fusion between Tvs 12 and MTCC 796 might be useful to practice eco-friendly bioformulation tolerance to fungicides for effective integrated stem rot disease management in groundnut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darshna G Hirpara
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh 362 001, Gujarat, India
| | - H P Gajera
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh 362 001, Gujarat, India.
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Ren N, Liu J, Yang D, Liu X, Zhou J, Peng Y. Preparation and Regeneration of Protoplasts from the Ethyl Vincamine Producing Fungus CH1 ( Geomyces sp.). Nat Prod Commun 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1801300209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vinpocetine, a semi-synthetic compound derived from the alkaloid vincamine, exhibits effective pharmacological activities for the treatment and prevention of cerebrovascular circulation and vascular cognitive disorders. Vinpocetine can be produced through a one-step chemical reaction beginning with ethyl vincamine, and a two-step chemical reaction beginning with vincamine. In our previous study, the endophytic fungus CH1, Geomyces sp., was isolated and identified as a producer of ethyl vincamine, which was first obtained by endophytic fungal fermentation. However, the production was largely limited. Fungal protoplasts are a valuable experimental tool for physiological and genetic research such as protoplast fusion, gene transfer and metabolite production. In this paper, we optimized some key factors for the preparation and regeneration of protoplasts from strain CH1. Using an enzymes mixture consisting of cellulase (2.0%, w/v), glusulase (3.0%, w/v) and driselase (1.0%, w/v) in osmotic stabilizer (0.7 mol/L NaCl), the highest yield of protoplasts (6.78×107/mL) was obtained with mycelia after 72 h at pH 5.0-6.0 by digesting for 1.5 h at 30°C. After purification of the prepared protoplasts, they were regenerated in the regeneration medium using a bilayer plate culture method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Ren
- Department of Pharmacy Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Vocational College of Science and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Jiajia Liu
- Department of Pharmacy Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Dongliang Yang
- Department of Pharmacy Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Vocational College of Science and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Xiong Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yingzi Peng
- Department of Pharmacy Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Lakhani HN, Vakharia DN, Hassan MM, Eissa RA. Fingerprinting and molecular comparison among two parental strains of Trichoderma spp. and their corresponding fusants produced by protoplast fusion. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2016.1230478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hardik N. Lakhani
- Biochemistry Department, College of Agriculture, Junagadh Agricultural University , Junagadh, India
| | - Dinesh N. Vakharia
- Biochemistry Department, College of Agriculture, Junagadh Agricultural University , Junagadh, India
| | - Mohamed M. Hassan
- Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Unit, Scientific Research Center, Taif University , Taif, KSA
- Genetics Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Minufiya University , Minufya, Egypt
| | - Ragaa A. Eissa
- Genetics Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Minufiya University , Minufya, Egypt
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Wang G, Zhu D, Xiong M, Zhang H, Liu Y. Construction and analysis of an intergeneric fusion from Pigmentiphaga sp. strain AAP-1 and Pseudomonas sp. CTN-4 for degrading acetamiprid and chlorothalonil. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:13235-13244. [PMID: 27023810 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6482-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas sp. CTN-4 degrades chlorothalonil (CTN) but not acetamiprid (AAP), and Pigmentiphaga sp. strain AAP-1 degrades AAP but not CTN. A functional strain, AC, was constructed through protoplast fusion of two parental strains (Pseudomonas sp. CTN-4 and Pigmentiphaga sp. strain AAP-1) in order to simultaneously improve the degradation efficiency of AAP and CTN. Fusant-AC with eight transfers on plates containing two antibiotics and CTN was obtained. For the purpose of identifying and confirming the genetic relationship between fusant-AC and its parents, randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) analysis were performed. In toto, RAPD fingerprint analysis produced 194 clear bands with 9 primers, which not only had bands in common with strains CTN-4 and AAP-1, but also had its own novel fusant-specific bands. The genetic similarity indices between fusant-AC and parental strains CTN-4 and AAP-1 were 0.40 and 0.69, respectively. The result of SEM indicated that the cell morphology of fusant-AC differed from both its parents. The fusant strain AC possesses a strong capability for AAP and CTN degradation. At AAP concentration (50-300 mg L(-1)), the degradation was achieved within 5 h. At the initial dose of 50 and 100 mg L(-1) CTN, the percentages reached 96 and 91 % over a 36-h incubation period. The present study indicates that the protoplast-fusion technique may have possible applications in environmental pollution control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangli Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, 235000, Huaibei, China
| | - Danfeng Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, 235000, Huaibei, China
| | - Minghua Xiong
- College of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, 235000, Huaibei, China.
| | - Hui Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, 235000, Huaibei, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, 235000, Huaibei, China.
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Patil N, Patil S, Govindwar S, Jadhav J. Molecular characterization of intergeneric hybrid between Aspergillus oryzae
and Trichoderma harzianum
by protoplast fusion. J Appl Microbiol 2015; 118:390-8. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.12711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Revised: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N.S. Patil
- Department of Biotechnology; Shivaji University; Kolhapur India
| | - S.M. Patil
- Department of Biotechnology; Shivaji University; Kolhapur India
| | - S.P. Govindwar
- Department of Biochemistry; Shivaji University; Kolhapur India
| | - J.P. Jadhav
- Department of Biotechnology; Shivaji University; Kolhapur India
- Department of Biochemistry; Shivaji University; Kolhapur India
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12
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Kaur B, Oberoi HS, Chadha BS. Enhanced cellulase producing mutants developed from heterokaryotic Aspergillus strain. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 156:100-107. [PMID: 24491293 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Revised: 01/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A heterokaryon 28, derived through protoplast fusion between Aspergillus nidulans and Aspergillus tubingensis (Dal8), was subjected cyclic mutagenesis followed by selection on increasing levels of 2-deoxy glucose (2-DG) as selection marker. The derived deregulated cellulase hyper producing mutant '64', when compared to fusant 28, produced 9.83, 7.8, 3.2, 4.2 and 19.74 folds higher endoglucanase, β-glucosidase, cellobiohydrolase, FPase and xylanase, respectively, under shake cultures. The sequence analysis of PCR amplified β-glucosidase gene from wild and mutant showed nucleotide deletion/substitution. The mutants showed highly catalytic efficient β-glucosidase as evident from low Km and high Vmax values. The expression profiling through zymogram analysis also indicated towards over-expression of cellulases. The up/down regulated expressed proteins observed through SDS-PAGE were identified by Peptide mass fingerprinting The cellulase produced by mutants in conjunction with cellulase free xylanase derived from Thermomyces lanuginosus was used for efficient utilization of alkali treated rice straw for obtaining xylo-oligosaccharides and ethanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baljit Kaur
- Department of Microbiology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143 005, India.
| | - H S Oberoi
- Central Institute of Post Harvest Engineering Technology (CIPHET), Ludhiana 141 004, India.
| | - B S Chadha
- Department of Microbiology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143 005, India.
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Wang C, Wu G, Li Y, Huang Y, Zhang F, Liang X. Genome Shuffling of Penicillium citrinum for Enhanced Production of Nuclease P1. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2013; 170:1533-45. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-013-0297-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2013] [Accepted: 05/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Deng Z, Zhang R, Shi Y, Hu L, Tan H, Cao L. Enhancement of phytoremediation of Cd- and Pb-contaminated soils by self-fusion of protoplasts from endophytic fungus Mucor sp. CBRF59. CHEMOSPHERE 2013; 91:41-47. [PMID: 23273739 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.11.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2012] [Revised: 11/27/2012] [Accepted: 11/28/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to isolate protoplasts from endophytic fungi and to carry out self-fusion of protoplasts for their enhancement of metal resistance. Self-fusant CBRF59T3 with resistance to 25 mM Cd(II) was constructed by self-fusion of inactivated protoplasts from Mucor sp. CBRF59. The inoculation of CBRF59 and CBRF59T3 improved significantly the availability of Cd(II) and Pb(II) in the soil. Compared with CBRF59, CBRF59T3 inoculation increased the content of water-soluble Cd(II) by 24%. The dry weight of rape inoculated with CBRF59 and CBRF59T3 was both higher than that of the uninoculation rape. Inoculation of CBRF59T3 further increased the dry weight of rape by 62% than CBRF59 in the higher Cd(II)-+Pb(II)-contaminated soil. Compared with CBRF59, CBRF59T3 inoculation increased the concentration of Cd(II) in rape shoots by 35-189% in Cd(II)- and Cd(II)-+Pb(II)-contaminated soils. The inoculation of CBRF59T3 also enhanced the translocation of Cd(II) from roots to shoots and increased the amount of extracted Cd(II) by rape. The results indicated that the mutants constructed by protoplast fusion is a feasible and efficient method to improve stress tolerance of uncharacterized fungi for phytoremediation of soils contaminated by heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zujun Deng
- School of Basic Courses, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
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Proteome-Based Profiling of Hypercellulase-Producing Strains Developed Through Interspecific Protoplast Fusion Between Aspergillus nidulans and Aspergillus tubingensis. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-012-9985-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Savitha S, Sadhasivam S, Swaminathan K, Lin FH. Fungal protease: Production, purification and compatibility with laundry detergents and their wash performance. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2010.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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