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Salzano F, Aulitto M, Fiorentino G, Cannella D, Peeters E, Limauro D. A novel endo-1,4-β-xylanase from Alicyclobacillus mali FL18: Biochemical characterization and its synergistic action with β-xylosidase in hemicellulose deconstruction. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 264:130550. [PMID: 38432267 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
A novel endo-1,4-β-xylanase-encoding gene was identified in Alicyclobacillus mali FL18 and the recombinant protein, named AmXyn, was purified and biochemically characterized. The monomeric enzyme worked optimally at pH 6.6 and 80 °C on beechwood xylan with a specific activity of 440.00 ± 0.02 U/mg and a good catalytic efficiency (kcat/KM = 91.89 s-1mLmg-1). In addition, the enzyme did not display any activity on cellulose, suggesting a possible application in paper biobleaching processes. To develop an enzymatic mixture for xylan degradation, the association between AmXyn and the previously characterized β-xylosidase AmβXyl, deriving from the same microorganism, was assessed. The two enzymes had similar temperature and pH optima and showed the highest degree of synergy when AmXyn and AmβXyl were added sequentially to beechwood xylan, making this mixture cost-competitive and suitable for industrial use. Therefore, this enzymatic cocktail was also employed for the hydrolysis of wheat bran residue. TLC and HPAEC-PAD analyses revealed a high conversion rate to xylose (91.56 %), placing AmXyn and AmβXyl among the most promising biocatalysts for the saccharification of agricultural waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flora Salzano
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cinthia, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Martina Aulitto
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cinthia, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Gabriella Fiorentino
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cinthia, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - David Cannella
- PhotoBiocatalysis Unit, Biomass Transformation lab - BTL, and Crop production and Biostimulation Lab - CPBL, Universitè libre de Brussels, ULB, Belgium
| | - Eveline Peeters
- Department of Bioengineering Sciences Faculty of Sciences and Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Danila Limauro
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cinthia, 80126 Naples, Italy.
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Oz Tuncay F, Cakmak U, Kolcuoglu Y. Aqueous two-phase extraction and characterization of thermotolerant alkaliphilic Cladophora hutchinsiae xylanase: biochemical properties and potential applications in fruit juice clarification and fish feed supplementation. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2024; 54:553-563. [PMID: 37668166 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2023.2253469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Xylanase finds extensive applications in diverse biotechnological fields such as biofuel production, pulp and paper industry, baking and brewing industry, food and feed industry, and deinking of waste paper. Here, polyethylene glycol (PEG)-phosphate aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) was applied for the purification of an alkaline active and thermotolerant xylanase from a marine source, Cladophora hutchinsiae (C. hutchinsiae). In the purification process, the effects of some experimental factors such as PEG concentration and PEG molar mass, potassium phosphate(K2HP04) concentration, and pH on xylanase distribution were systematically investigated. Relative enzymatic activity and purification factor obtained were 93.21% and 7.18, respectively. A single protein band of 28 kDa was observed on SDS-PAGE. The optimum temperature and pH of xylanase with beechwood xylan were 30 °C and 9.0, respectively. The Lineweaver-Burk graph was utilized to determine the Km (4.5 ± 0.8 mg/mL), Vmax (0.04 ± 0.01 U) and kcat (0.001 s-1) values of the enzyme. It was observed that the purified xylanase maintained 70% of its activity at 4 °C and was found stable at pH 4.0 by retaining almost all of its activity. Enzymatic activity was slightly enhanced with Na+, K+, Ca2+ and acetone. The highest increase in the reducing sugar amount was 53.6 ± 3.8, for orange juice at 50 U/mL enzyme concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulya Oz Tuncay
- Department of Chemistry, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Ummuhan Cakmak
- Department of Chemistry, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Yakup Kolcuoglu
- Department of Chemistry, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
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3
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Kim JH, Chi WJ. Molecular and Biochemical Characterization of Xylanase Produced by Streptomyces viridodiastaticus MS9, a Newly Isolated Soil Bacterium. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 34:176-184. [PMID: 38037397 PMCID: PMC10840471 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2309.09029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
A xylan-degrading bacterial strain, MS9, was recently isolated from soil samples collected in Namhae, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea. This strain was identified as a variant of Streptomyces viridodiastaticus NBRC13106T based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing, DNA-DNA hybridization analysis, and other chemotaxonomic characteristics, and was named S. viridodiastaticus MS9 (=KCTC29014= DSM42055). In this study, we aimed to investigate the molecular and biochemical characteristics of a xylanase (XynCvir) identified from S. viridodiastaticus MS9. XynCvir (molecular weight ≍ 21 kDa) was purified from a modified Luria-Bertani medium, in which cell growth and xylanase production considerably increased after addition of xylan. Thin layer chromatography of xylan-hydrolysate showed that XynCvir is an endo-(1,4)-β-xylanase that degrades xylan into a series of xylooligosaccharides, ultimately converting it to xylobiose. The Km and Vmax values of XynCvir for beechwood xylan were 1.13 mg/ml and 270.3 U/mg, respectively. Only one protein (GHF93985.1, 242 amino acids) containing an amino acid sequence identical to the amino-terminal sequence of XynCvir was identified in the genome of S. viridodiastaticus. GHF93985.1 with the twin-arginine translocation signal peptide is cleaved between Ala-50 and Ala-51 to form the mature protein (21.1 kDa; 192 amino acids), which has the same amino-terminal sequence (ATTITTNQT) and molecular weight as XynCvir, indicating GHF93985.1 corresponds to XynCvir. Since none of the 100 open reading frames most homologous to GHF93985.1 listed in GenBank have been identified for their biochemical functions, our findings greatly contribute to the understanding of their biochemical characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Hee Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Seoil University, Seoul 02192, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Jae Chi
- Species Diversity Research Division, National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon 22689, Republic of Korea
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Verma D. Extremophilic Prokaryotic Endoxylanases: Diversity, Applicability, and Molecular Insights. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:728475. [PMID: 34566933 PMCID: PMC8458939 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.728475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Extremophilic endoxylanases grabbed attention in recent years due to their applicability under harsh conditions of several industrial processes. Thermophilic, alkaliphilic, and acidophilic endoxylanases found their employability in bio-bleaching of paper pulp, bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomass into xylooligosaccharides, bioethanol production, and improving the nutritious value of bread and other bakery products. Xylanases obtained from extremophilic bacteria and archaea are considered better than fungal sources for several reasons. For example, enzymatic activity under broad pH and temperature range, low molecular weight, cellulase-free activity, and longer stability under extreme conditions of prokaryotic derived xylanases make them a good choice. In addition, a short life span, easy cultivation/harvesting methods, higher yield, and rapid DNA manipulations of bacterial and archaeal cells further reduces the overall cost of the product. This review focuses on the diversity of prokaryotic endoxylanases, their characteristics, and their functional attributes. Besides, the molecular mechanisms of their extreme behavior have also been presented here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Digvijay Verma
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, India
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Pérez-Rodríguez J, Téllez-Jurado A, Álvarez-Cervantes J, Antonio Ibarra J, Jaramillo-Loranca BE, Anducho-Reyes MA, Mercado-Flores Y. Study of the intracellular xylanolytic activity of the phytopathogenic fungus Sporisorium reilianum. MYCOSCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.myc.2019.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Kalinina AN, Gordeeva TL, Sineoky SP. Expression of the Xylanase Gene from Paenibacillus brasilensis X1 in Pichia pastoris and Characteristics of the Recombinant Enzyme. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683819080064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Liew KJ, Ngooi CY, Shamsir MS, Sani RK, Chong CS, Goh KM. Heterologous expression, purification and biochemical characterization of a new endo-1,4-β-xylanase from Rhodothermaceae bacterium RA. Protein Expr Purif 2019; 164:105464. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2019.105464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Alokika, Singh B. Production, characteristics, and biotechnological applications of microbial xylanases. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:8763-8784. [PMID: 31641815 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10108-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Microbial xylanases have gathered great attention due to their biotechnological potential at industrial scale for many processes. A variety of lignocellulosic materials, such as sugarcane bagasse, rice straw, rice bran, wheat straw, wheat bran, corn cob, and ragi bran, are used for xylanase production which also solved the great issue of solid waste management. Both solid-state and submerged fermentation have been used for xylanase production controlled by various physical and nutritional parameters. Majority of xylanases have optimum pH in the range of 4.0-9.0 with optimum temperature at 30-60 °C. For biochemical, molecular studies and also for successful application in industries, purification and characterization of xylanase have been carried out using various appropriate techniques. Cloning and genetic engineering are used for commercial-level production of xylanase, to meet specific economic viability and industrial needs. Microbial xylanases are used in various biotechnological applications like biofuel production, pulp and paper industry, baking and brewing industry, food and feed industry, and deinking of waste paper. This review describes production, characteristics, and biotechnological applications of microbial xylanases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alokika
- Laboratory of Bioprocess Technology, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India
| | - Bijender Singh
- Laboratory of Bioprocess Technology, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India. .,Department of Biotechnology, School of Interdisciplinary and Applied Life Sciences, Central University of Haryana, Jant-Pali, Mahendergarh, Haryana, 123031, India.
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Borshchevskaya L, Gordeeva T, Sineoky S. Increase in the Production of Endo-1,4-β-Xylanase from Paenibacillus brasilensis in Pichia pastoris. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.21519/0234-2758-2019-35-6-30-38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
A Pichia pastoris yeast strain producing endo-l,4-β-xylanase from Paenibacillus brasilensis with an activity of 54,400 U/mL after 140 h of fermentation in a laboratory fermenter has been obtained. A number of approaches were used to increase the level of the xylanase production in this strain: optimization of the target gene codon composition, multiple integration of the expression cassette into the recipient strain chromosome using the Cre-lox recombination system, and also improving the heterologous protein folding via the overexpression of the HAC1i gene from Pichia pastoris.
xylanase, xylan, Cre-lox system, HAC1p transcriptional activator, multicopy strain, Paenibacillus brasilensis, Pichia pastoris
The work was performed with the financial support of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia (Unique Project Identifier RFMEFI60717X0180) using the Multipurpose Scientific Installation of «All-Russian Collection of Industrial Microorganisms» National Bio-Resource Center, NRC «Kurchatov Institute» - GosNIIgenetika.
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Affiliation(s)
- L.N. Borshchevskaya
- State Research Institute for Genetics and Selection of Industrial Microorganisms of National Research Center «Kurchatov Institute» (NRC «Kurchatov Institute»-GosNIIgenetika), Moscow, 117545 Russia
| | - T.L. Gordeeva
- State Research Institute for Genetics and Selection of Industrial Microorganisms of National Research Center «Kurchatov Institute» (NRC «Kurchatov Institute»-GosNIIgenetika), Moscow, 117545 Russia
| | - S.P. Sineoky
- State Research Institute for Genetics and Selection of Industrial Microorganisms of National Research Center «Kurchatov Institute» (NRC «Kurchatov Institute»-GosNIIgenetika), Moscow, 117545 Russia
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Liu X, Liu Y, Jiang Z, Liu H, Yang S, Yan Q. Biochemical characterization of a novel xylanase from Paenibacillus barengoltzii and its application in xylooligosaccharides production from corncobs. Food Chem 2018; 264:310-318. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Kim DR, Lim HK, Lee KI, Hwang IT. Identification of a novel cellulose-binding domain within the endo -β-1,4-xylanase KRICT PX-3 from Paenibacillus terrae HPL-003. Enzyme Microb Technol 2016; 93-94:166-173. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2016.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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12
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High level expression of a recombinant xylanase by Pichia pastoris cultured in a bioreactor with methanol as the sole carbon source: Purification and biochemical characterization of the enzyme. Biochem Eng J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2016.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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13
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López-Mondéjar R, Zühlke D, Větrovský T, Becher D, Riedel K, Baldrian P. Decoding the complete arsenal for cellulose and hemicellulose deconstruction in the highly efficient cellulose decomposer Paenibacillus O199. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2016; 9:104. [PMID: 27186238 PMCID: PMC4867992 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-016-0518-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The search for new enzymes and microbial strains to degrade plant biomass is one of the most important strategies for improving the conversion processes in the production of environment-friendly chemicals and biofuels. In this study, we report a new Paenibacillus isolate, O199, which showed the highest efficiency for cellulose deconstruction in a screen of environmental isolates. Here, we provide a detailed description of the complex multi-component O199 enzymatic system involved in the degradation of lignocellulose. RESULTS We examined the genome and the proteome of O199 grown on complex lignocellulose (wheat straw) and on microcrystalline cellulose. The genome contained 476 genes with domains assigned to carbohydrate-active enzyme (CAZyme) families, including 100 genes coding for glycosyl hydrolases (GHs) putatively involved in cellulose and hemicellulose degradation. Moreover, 31 % of these CAZymes were expressed on cellulose and 29 % on wheat straw. Proteomic analyses also revealed a complex and complete set of enzymes for deconstruction of cellulose (at least 22 proteins, including 4 endocellulases, 2 exocellulases, 2 cellobiohydrolases and 2 β-glucosidases) and hemicellulose (at least 28 proteins, including 5 endoxylanases, 1 β-xylosidase, 2 xyloglucanases, 2 endomannanases, 2 licheninases and 1 endo-β-1,3(4)-glucanase). Most of these proteins were secreted extracellularly and had numerous carbohydrate-binding domains (CBMs). In addition, O199 also secreted a high number of substrate-binding proteins (SBPs), including at least 42 proteins binding carbohydrates. Interestingly, both plant lignocellulose and crystalline cellulose triggered the production of a wide array of hydrolytic proteins, including cellulases, hemicellulases, and other GHs. CONCLUSIONS Our data provide an in-depth analysis of the complex and complete set of enzymes and accessory non-catalytic proteins-GHs, CBMs, transporters, and SBPs-implicated in the high cellulolytic capacity shown by this bacterial strain. The large diversity of hydrolytic enzymes and the extracellular secretion of most of them supports the use of Paenibacillus O199 as a candidate for second-generation technologies using paper or lignocellulosic agricultural wastes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén López-Mondéjar
- />Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology of the CAS, v. v. i., Průmyslová 595, 252 42 Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Daniela Zühlke
- />Institute of Microbiology, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University of Greifswald, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahnstrasse 15, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Tomáš Větrovský
- />Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology of the CAS, v. v. i., Průmyslová 595, 252 42 Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Dörte Becher
- />Institute of Microbiology, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University of Greifswald, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahnstrasse 15, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Katharina Riedel
- />Institute of Microbiology, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University of Greifswald, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahnstrasse 15, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Petr Baldrian
- />Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology of the CAS, v. v. i., Průmyslová 595, 252 42 Vestec, Czech Republic
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Thite V, Nerurkar A. Xylanases of Bacillus
spp. isolated from ruminant dung as potential accessory enzymes for agro-waste saccharification. Lett Appl Microbiol 2015; 60:456-66. [DOI: 10.1111/lam.12397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Revised: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V.S. Thite
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology Centre; Faculty of Science; The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda; Vadodara Gujarat India
| | - A.S. Nerurkar
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology Centre; Faculty of Science; The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda; Vadodara Gujarat India
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Song HY, Lim HK, Kim DR, Lee KI, Hwang IT. A new bi-modular endo-β-1,4-xylanase KRICT PX-3 from whole genome sequence of Paenibacillus terrae HPL-003. Enzyme Microb Technol 2014; 54:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2013.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Revised: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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16
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Tarayre C, Brognaux A, Brasseur C, Bauwens J, Millet C, Mattéotti C, Destain J, Vandenbol M, Portetelle D, De Pauw E, Haubruge E, Francis F, Thonart P. Isolation and Cultivation of a Xylanolytic Bacillus subtilis Extracted from the Gut of the Termite Reticulitermes santonensis. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2013; 171:225-45. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-013-0337-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Fang W, Gao H, Cao Y, Shan A. Cloning and expression of a xylanase xynB from Aspergillus niger IA-001 in Pichia pastoris. J Basic Microbiol 2013; 54 Suppl 1:S190-9. [PMID: 23788000 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201300078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The high-level expression of the xylanase GH11 gene from Aspergillus niger IA-001 called xynB was successfully completed in Pichia pastoris. The xynB gene encoding a mature xylanase of 225 amino acid was subcloned into the pPICZαA vector and was transformed into P. pastoris X-33 under the control of the alcohol oxidase I (AOX1) promoter. The xynB gene was ligated with a sequence encoding modified α-factor signal peptide (pPICZαmA) and the recombinant xylanase activity, which was measured 1280 U ml(-1), was 1.5-fold higher than when it was inserted into pPICZαA and was 19.39-fold greater than the native xylanase in the original strain. In a 10 L fermenter, the recombinant xylanase activity measured 10,035 U ml(-1) after 114 h. The SDS-PAGE analysis revealed that the purified xynB protein migrated as a single band with an apparent molecular weight of 24 kDa. The specific activity, using beechwood xylan as a substrate, was 1916 U mg(-1). The xylanase activity was optimal at pH 5.0 and at 50 °C. In addition, the xynB was active over a pH range of 2.2 to 10.0. The apparent Km and Vmax values were 4.429 mg ml(-1) and 1429 U mg(-1), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Fang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P. R., China
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Molecular and biochemical characterization of a new alkaline active multidomain xylanase from alkaline wastewater sludge. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 29:327-34. [PMID: 23117673 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-012-1186-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2012] [Accepted: 10/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
A xylanase gene, xyn-b39, coding for a multidomain glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 10 protein was cloned from the genomic DNA of the alkaline wastewater sludge of a paper mill. Its deduced amino acid sequence of 1,481 residues included two carbohydrate-binding modules (CBM) of family CBM_4_9, one catalytic domain of GH 10, one family 9 CBM and three S-layer homology (SLH) domains. xyn-b39 was expressed heterologously in Escherichia coli, and the recombinant enzyme was purified and characterized. Xyn-b39 exhibited maximum activity at pH 7.0 and 60 °C, and remained highly active under alkaline conditions (more than 80 % activity at pH 9.0 and 40 % activity at pH 10.0). The enzyme was thermostable at 55 °C, retaining more than 90 % of the initial activity after 2 h pre-incubation. Xyn-b39 had wide substrate specificity and hydrolyzed soluble substrates (birchwood xylan, beechwood xylan, oat spelt xylan, wheat arabinoxylan) and insoluble substrates (oat spelt xylan and wheat arabinoxylan). Hydrolysis product analysis indicated that Xyn-b39 was an endo-type xylanase. The K (m) and V (max) values of Xyn-b39 for birchwood xylan were 1.01 mg/mL and 73.53 U/min/mg, respectively. At the charge of 10 U/g reed pulp for 1 h, Xyn-b39 significantly reduced the Kappa number (P < 0.05) with low consumption of chlorine dioxide alone.
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Cloning, expression and characterization of a novel salt-tolerant xylanase from Bacillus sp. SN5. Biotechnol Lett 2012; 34:2093-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-012-1011-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2012] [Accepted: 07/06/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Delavat F, Phalip V, Forster A, Plewniak F, Lett MC, Lièvremont D. Amylases without known homologues discovered in an acid mine drainage: significance and impact. Sci Rep 2012; 2:354. [PMID: 22482035 PMCID: PMC3319935 DOI: 10.1038/srep00354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2011] [Accepted: 03/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Acid Mine Drainages (AMDs) are extreme environments characterized by acidic and oligotrophic conditions and by metal contaminations. A function-based screening of an AMD-derived metagenomic library led to the discovery and partial characterization of two non-homologous endo-acting amylases sharing no sequence similarity with any known amylase nor glycosidase. None carried known amylolytic domains, nor could be assigned to any GH-family. One amylase displayed no similarity with any known protein, whereas the second one was similar to TraC proteins involved in the bacterial type IV secretion system. According to the scarce similarities with known proteins, 3D-structure modelling using I-TASSER was unsuccessful. This study underlined the utility of a function-driven metagenomic approach to obtain a clearer image of the bacterial community enzymatic landscape. More generally, this work points out that screening for microorganisms or biomolecules in a priori incongruous environments could provide unconventional and new exciting ways for bioprospecting.
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Delavat F, Phalip V, Forster A, Lett MC, Lièvremont D. Deciphering the role of Paenibacillus strain Q8 in the organic matter recycling in the acid mine drainage of Carnoulès. Microb Cell Fact 2012; 11:16. [PMID: 22305268 PMCID: PMC3287962 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2859-11-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2011] [Accepted: 02/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The recycling of the organic matter is a crucial function in any environment, especially in oligotrophic environments such as Acid Mine Drainages (AMDs). Polymer-degrading bacteria might play an important role in such ecosystem, at least by releasing by-products useful for the rest of the community. In this study, physiological, molecular and biochemical experiments were performed to decipher the role of a Paenibacillus strain isolated from the sediment of Carnoulès AMD. Results Even though Paenibacillus sp. strain Q8 was isolated from an oligotrophic AMD showing an acidic pH, it developed under both acidic and alkaline conditions and showed a heterotrophic metabolism based on the utilization of a broad range of organic compounds. It resisted to numerous metallic stresses, particularly high arsenite (As(III)) concentrations (> 1,800 mg/L). Q8 was also able to efficiently degrade polymers such as cellulose, xylan and starch. Function-based screening of a Q8 DNA-library allowed the detection of 15 clones with starch-degrading activity and 3 clones with xylan-degrading activity. One clone positive for starch degradation carried a single gene encoding a "protein of unknown function". Amylolytic and xylanolytic activities were measured both in growing cells and with acellular extracts of Q8. The results showed the ability of Q8 to degrade both polymers under a broad pH range and high As(III) and As(V) concentrations. Activity measurements allowed to point out the constitutive expression of the amylase genes and the mainly inducible expression of the xylanase genes. PACE demonstrated the endo-acting activity of the amylases and the exo-acting activity of the xylanases. Conclusions AMDs have been studied for years especially with regard to interactions between bacteria and the inorganic compartment hosting them. To date, no study reported the role of microorganisms in the recycling of the organic matter. The present work suggests that the strain Q8 might play an important role in the community by recycling the scarce organic matter (cellulose, hemicellulose, starch...), especially when the conditions change. Furthermore, function-based screening of a Q8 DNA library allowed to assign an amylolytic function to a gene previously unknown. AMDs could be considered as a reservoir of genes with potential biotechnological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Delavat
- Génétique Moléculaire, Génomique, Microbiologie, UMR 7156 Université de Strasbourg/CNRS, Strasbourg, France
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Synthesis and characterization of chimeric proteins based on cellulase and xylanase from an insect gut bacterium. Appl Environ Microbiol 2011; 77:4859-66. [PMID: 21642416 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02808-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Insects living on wood and plants harbor a large variety of bacterial flora in their guts for degrading biomass. We isolated a Paenibacillus strain, designated ICGEB2008, from the gut of a cotton bollworm on the basis of its ability to secrete a variety of plant-hydrolyzing enzymes. In this study, we cloned, expressed, and characterized two enzymes, β-1,4-endoglucanase (Endo5A) and β-1,4-endoxylanase (Xyl11D), from the ICGEB2008 strain and synthesized recombinant bifunctional enzymes based on Endo5A and Xyl11D. The gene encoding Endo5A was obtained from the genome of the ICGEB2008 strain by shotgun cloning. The gene encoding Xyl11D was obtained using primers for conserved xylanase sequences, which were identified by aligning xylanase sequences in other species of Paenibacillus. Endo5A and Xyl11D were overexpressed in Escherichia coli, and their optimal activities were characterized. Both Endo5A and Xyl11D exhibited maximum specific activity at 50°C and pH 6 to 7. To take advantage of this feature, we constructed four bifunctional chimeric models of Endo5A and Xyl11D by fusing the encoding genes either end to end or through a glycine-serine (GS) linker. We predicted three-dimensional structures of the four models using the I-TASSER server and analyzed their secondary structures using circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. The chimeric model Endo5A-GS-Xyl11D, in which a linker separated the two enzymes, yielded the highest C-score on the I-TASSER server, exhibited secondary structure properties closest to the native enzymes, and demonstrated 1.6-fold and 2.3-fold higher enzyme activity than Endo5A and Xyl11D, respectively. This bifunctional enzyme could be effective for hydrolyzing plant biomass owing to its broad substrate range.
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