1
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Soriano-Jerez Y, Gallardo-Rodríguez JJ, López-Rosales L, García-Camacho F, Bressy C, Molina-Grima E, Cerón-García MC. Preventing biofouling in microalgal photobioreactors. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 407:131125. [PMID: 39025371 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.131125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Photobioreactors (PBRs) are used to grow the light-requiring microalgae in diverse commercial processes. Often, they are operated as continuous culture over months period. However, with time, biofouling layer develops on the inner surfaces of their walls. The fouling layer formation deteriorates the PBR performance as foulants reduce light penetration in it. Light is essential for photosynthetic cultures, and a deterioration in lighting adversely impacts algae growth and biomass productivity. Fouling requires a frequent shutdown to clean the PBR and add to the environmental impact of the operation by generating many wastewaters contaminated with the cleaning chemicals. Antibiofouling coatings could be used to modify the surfaces of existing and future PBRs. Therefore, transparent and non-toxic fouling-release coatings, produced using hydrogel technology, could transform the existing PBRs into efficient and enduring microalgae culture systems, requiring only the application of the coating to the inner walls, without additional investments in new PBRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Soriano-Jerez
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Research Centre CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, 04120, Almería, Spain
| | - J J Gallardo-Rodríguez
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Research Centre CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, 04120, Almería, Spain
| | - L López-Rosales
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Research Centre CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, 04120, Almería, Spain
| | - F García-Camacho
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Research Centre CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, 04120, Almería, Spain
| | - C Bressy
- Université de Toulon, MAPIEM, Toulon, France
| | - E Molina-Grima
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Research Centre CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, 04120, Almería, Spain.
| | - M C Cerón-García
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Research Centre CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, 04120, Almería, Spain
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2
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Xu SY, Mo YH, Liu YJ, Wang X, Li HY, Yang WD. Physiological and genetic responses of the benthic dinoflagellate Prorocentrum lima to polystyrene microplastics. HARMFUL ALGAE 2024; 136:102652. [PMID: 38876530 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2024.102652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Microplastics are well known as contaminants in marine environments. With the development of biofilms, most microplastics will eventually sink and deposit in benthic environment. However, little research has been done on benthic toxic dinoflagellates, and the effects of microplastics on benthic dinoflagellates are unknown. Prorocentrum lima is a cosmopolitan toxic benthic dinoflagellate, which can produce a range of polyether metabolites, such as diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP) toxins. In order to explore the impact of microplastics on marine benthic dinoflagellates, in this paper, we studied the effects of polystyrene (PS) on the growth and toxin production of P. lima. The molecular response of P. lima to microplastic stress was analyzed by transcriptomics. We selected 100 nm, 10 μm and 100 μm PS, and set three concentrations of 1 mg L-1, 10 mg L-1 and 100 mg L-1. The results showed that PS exposure had limited effects on cell growth, but increased the OA and extracellular polysaccharide content at high concentrations. After exposure to PS MPs, genes associated with DSP toxins synthesis, carbohydrate synthesis and energy metabolism, such as glycolysis, TCA cycle and pyruvate metabolism, were significantly up-regulated. We speculated that after exposure to microplastics, P. lima may increase the synthesis of DSP toxins and extracellular polysaccharides, improve the level of energy metabolism and gene expression of ABC transporter, thereby protecting algal cells from damage. Our findings provide new insights into the effects of microplastics on toxic benthic dinoflagellates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Yuan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Eutrophication and Control of Harmful Algal Blooms of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Yan-Hang Mo
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Eutrophication and Control of Harmful Algal Blooms of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Yu-Jie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Eutrophication and Control of Harmful Algal Blooms of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Eutrophication and Control of Harmful Algal Blooms of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Hong-Ye Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Eutrophication and Control of Harmful Algal Blooms of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Wei-Dong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Eutrophication and Control of Harmful Algal Blooms of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China.
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3
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Wu SW, Cheng CQ, Huang YT, Tan JZ, Li SL, Yang JX, Huang XL, Huang D, Zou LG, Yang WD, Li HY, Li DW. A study on the mechanism of the impact of phenthoate exposure on Prorocentrum lima. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 461:132624. [PMID: 37801972 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Extensive application of organophosphorus pesticides such as phenthoate results in its abundance in ecosystems, particularly in waterbodies, thereby providing the impetus to assess its role in aquatic organisms. However, the impact of phenthoate on marine algal physiological and proteomic response is yet to be explored despite its biological significance. In this study, we thus ought to investigate the impact of phenthoate in the marine dinoflagellate Prorocentrum lima, which is known for synthesizing okadaic acid (OA), the toxin responsible for diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP). Our results showed that P. lima effectively absorbed phenthoate in seawater, with a reduction efficiency of 90.31% after 48 h. Surprisingly, the provision of phenthoate (100 and 1000 µg/L) substantially reduced the OA content of P. lima by 35.08% and 60.28% after 48 h, respectively. Meanwhile, phenthoate treatment significantly reduced the oxidative stress in P. lima. Proteomic analysis revealed that the expression level of seven crucial proteins involved in endocytosis was upregulated, suggesting that P. lima could absorb phenthoate via the endocytic signaling pathway. Importantly, phenthoate treatment resulted in the downregulation of proteins such as polyketide synthase (PKS)- 2, Cytochrome P450 (CYP450)- 1, and CYP450-2, involved in OA synthesis, thereby decreasing the OA biosynthesis by P. lima. Our results demonstrated the potential role of P. lima in the removal of phenthoate in water and exemplified the crucial proteins and their possible molecular mechanisms underpinning the phenthoate remediation by P. lima and also the regulatory role of phenthoate in restricting the OA metabolism. Collectively, these findings uncovered the synergistic mechanisms of phenthoate and P. lima in remediating phenthoate and reducing the toxic impact of P. lima.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Wei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Cai-Qin Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yi-Tong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jin-Zhou Tan
- Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Song-Liang Li
- The First People's Hospital of Qinzhou, The Tenth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, China
| | - Jia-Xin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xue-Ling Huang
- Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Dan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Li-Gong Zou
- Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Wei-Dong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Hong-Ye Li
- Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Da-Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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4
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Orefice I, Balzano S, Romano G, Sardo A. Amphidinium spp. as a Source of Antimicrobial, Antifungal, and Anticancer Compounds. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:2164. [PMID: 38004303 PMCID: PMC10671881 DOI: 10.3390/life13112164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Dinoflagellates make up the second largest marine group of marine unicellular eukaryotes in the world ocean and comprise both heterotrophic and autotrophic species, encompassing a wide genetic and chemical diversity. They produce a plethora of secondary metabolites that can be toxic to other species and are mainly used against predators and competing species. Dinoflagellates are indeed often responsible for harmful algal bloom, where their toxic secondary metabolites can accumulate along the food chain, leading to significant damages to the ecosystem and human health. Secondary metabolites from dinoflagellates have been widely investigated for potential biomedical applications and have revealed multiple antimicrobial, antifungal, and anticancer properties. Species from the genus Amphidinium seem to be particularly interesting for the production of medically relevant compounds. The present review aims at summarising current knowledge on the diversity and the pharmaceutical properties of secondary metabolites from the genus Amphidinium. Specifically, Amphidinium spp. produce a range of polyketides possessing cytotoxic activities such as amphidinolides, caribenolides, amphidinins, and amphidinols. Potent antimicrobial properties against antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains have been observed for several amphidinins. Amphidinols revealed instead strong activities against infectious fungi such as Candida albicans and Aspergillus fumigatus. Finally, compounds such as amphidinolides, isocaribenolide-I, and chlorohydrin 2 revealed potent cytotoxic activities against different cancer cell lines. Overall, the wide variety of antimicrobial, antifungal, and anticancer properties of secondary metabolites from Amphidinium spp. make this genus a highly suitable candidate for future medical applications, spanning from cancer drugs to antimicrobial products that are alternatives to currently available antibiotic and antimycotic products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Angela Sardo
- Department of Ecosustainable Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Via Ammiraglio Ferdinando Acton 55, 80131 Naples, Italy; (I.O.); (S.B.); (G.R.)
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5
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López-Herrada E, Gallardo-Rodríguez JJ, López-Rosales L, Cerón-García MC, Sánchez-Mirón A, García-Camacho F. Life-cycle assessment of a microalgae-based fungicide under a biorefinery approach. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 383:129244. [PMID: 37263446 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to perform a life-cycle analysis of the production process of a fungicide based on amphidinols. Two scenarios were evaluated: (1) biorefinery process -biofungicide, fatty acids and carotenoids were considered as co-products-, and (2) biofungicide as only product. Inventory data were taken and scaled-up from previous work on pilot-scale reactors, as well as lab-scale downstream equipment. A yearly production of 22,000 L of fungicide, was selected as the production objective. Despite, photosynthetic biomass is a sink of anthropogenic CO2, harvesting and downstream processing have large carbon footprints that exceed the biomass fixed carbon. Producing the biofungicide resulted in 34.61 and 271.33 ton of CO2e (15 years) for the Scenarios 1 and 2, respectively. Different commercial agricultural fungicides were compared with the microalgal fungicide. A lower impact of the microalgal product for most of the indicators, including carbon footprint, was shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- E López-Herrada
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Almería, Almería 04120, Spain; Research Center CIAMBITAL, University of Almería, Almería 04120, Spain
| | - J J Gallardo-Rodríguez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Almería, Almería 04120, Spain; Research Center CIAMBITAL, University of Almería, Almería 04120, Spain.
| | - L López-Rosales
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Almería, Almería 04120, Spain; Research Center CIAMBITAL, University of Almería, Almería 04120, Spain
| | - M C Cerón-García
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Almería, Almería 04120, Spain; Research Center CIAMBITAL, University of Almería, Almería 04120, Spain
| | - A Sánchez-Mirón
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Almería, Almería 04120, Spain; Research Center CIAMBITAL, University of Almería, Almería 04120, Spain
| | - F García-Camacho
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Almería, Almería 04120, Spain; Research Center CIAMBITAL, University of Almería, Almería 04120, Spain
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6
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Casanova LM, Macrae A, de Souza JE, Neves Junior A, Vermelho AB. The Potential of Allelochemicals from Microalgae for Biopesticides. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12091896. [PMID: 37176954 PMCID: PMC10181251 DOI: 10.3390/plants12091896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Improvements in agricultural productivity are required to meet the demand of a growing world population. Phytopathogens, weeds, and insects are challenges to agricultural production. The toxicity and widespread application of persistent synthetic pesticides poses a major threat to human and ecosystem health. Therefore, sustainable strategies to control pests are essential for agricultural systems to enhance productivity within a green paradigm. Allelochemicals are a less persistent, safer, and friendly alternative to efficient pest management, as they tend to be less toxic to non-target organisms and more easily degradable. Microalgae produce a great variety of allelopathic substances whose biocontrol potential against weeds, insects, and phytopathogenic fungi and bacteria has received much attention. This review provides up-to-date information and a critical perspective on allelochemicals from microalgae and their potential as biopesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia Marques Casanova
- Biotechnology Center-Bioinovar, Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Goes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil
| | - Andrew Macrae
- Sustainable Biotechnology and Microbial Bioinformatics Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Goes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil
| | - Jacqueline Elis de Souza
- Biotechnology Center-Bioinovar, Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Goes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil
| | - Athayde Neves Junior
- Biotechnology Center-Bioinovar, Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Goes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil
| | - Alane Beatriz Vermelho
- Biotechnology Center-Bioinovar, Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Goes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil
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7
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Yang X, Yan Z, Chen J, Wang D, Li K. Acute Toxicity of the Dinoflagellate Amphidinium carterae on Early Life Stages of Zebrafish ( Danio rerio). TOXICS 2023; 11:370. [PMID: 37112597 PMCID: PMC10144361 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11040370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Dinoflagellates of the genus Amphidinium can produce a variety of polyketides, such as amphidinols (AMs), amphidinoketides, and amphidinin, that have hemolytic, cytotoxic, and fish mortality properties. AMs pose a significant threat to ecological function due to their membrane-disrupting and permeabilizing properties, as well as their hydrophobicity. Our research aims to investigate the disparate distribution of AMs between intracellular and extracellular environments, as well as the threat that AMs pose to aquatic organisms. As a result, AMs containing sulphate groups such as AM19 with lower bioactivity comprised the majority of A. carterae strain GY-H35, while AMs without sulphate groups such as AM18 with higher bioactivity displayed a higher proportion and hemolytic activity in the extracellular environment, suggesting that AMs may serve as allelochemicals. When the concentration of extracellular crude extracts of AMs reached 0.81 µg/mL in the solution, significant differences in zebrafish embryonic mortality and malformation were observed. Over 96 hpf, 0.25 μL/mL of AMs could cause significant pericardial edema, heart rate decrease, pectoral fin deformation, and spinal deformation in zebrafish larvae. Our findings emphasized the necessity of conducting systematic research on the differences between the intracellular and extracellular distribution of toxins to gain a more accurate understanding of their effects on humans and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Yang
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China; (X.Y.); (Z.Y.); (J.C.); (D.W.)
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhi Yan
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China; (X.Y.); (Z.Y.); (J.C.); (D.W.)
- School of Ocean, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Jingjing Chen
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China; (X.Y.); (Z.Y.); (J.C.); (D.W.)
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Derui Wang
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China; (X.Y.); (Z.Y.); (J.C.); (D.W.)
- College of Marine Science, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou 535011, China
| | - Ke Li
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China; (X.Y.); (Z.Y.); (J.C.); (D.W.)
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
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8
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Morales-Amador A, Souto ML, Hertweck C, Fernández JJ, García-Altares M. Rapid Screening of Polyol Polyketides from Marine Dinoflagellates. Anal Chem 2022; 94:14205-14213. [PMID: 36190828 PMCID: PMC9583072 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c02185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Dinoflagellate-derived
polyketides are typically large molecules
(>1000 Da) with complex structures, potent bioactivities, and high
toxicities. Their discovery suffers three major bottlenecks: insufficient
bioavailability, low-yield cultivation of producer organisms, and
production of multiple highly related analogues by a single strain.
Consequently, the biotechnological production of therapeutics or toxicological
standards of dinoflagellate-derived polyketides is also hampered.
Strategies based on sensitive and selective techniques for chemical
prospection of dinoflagellate extracts could aid in overcoming these
limitations, as it allows selecting the most interesting candidates
for discovery and exploitation programs according to the biosynthetic
potential. In this work, we assess the combination of data-dependent
liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry
(LC–HRMS2) and molecular networking to screen polyol
polyketides. To demonstrate the power of this approach, we selected
dinoflagellate Amphidinium carterae since it is commonly used as a biotechnological model and produces
amphidinols, a family of polyol-polyene compounds with antifungal
and antimycoplasmal activity. First, we screened families of compounds
with multiple hydroxyl groups by examining MS2 profiles
that contain sequential neutral losses of water. Then, we clustered
MS2 spectra by molecular networking to facilitate the dereplication
and discovery of amphidinols. Finally, we used the MS2 fragmentation
behavior of well-characterized luteophanol D as a model to propose
a structural hypothesis of nine novel amphidinols. We envision that
this strategy is a valuable approach to rapidly monitoring toxin production
of known and unknown polyol polyketides in dinoflagellates, even in
small culture volumes, and distinguishing strains according to their
toxin profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Morales-Amador
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica Antonio González (IUBO AG), Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Avenida Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 2, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.,Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Leibniz Institute for Natural Products Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute (HKI), Adolf-Reichwein-Straße 23, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - María L Souto
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica Antonio González (IUBO AG), Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Avenida Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 2, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Christian Hertweck
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Leibniz Institute for Natural Products Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute (HKI), Adolf-Reichwein-Straße 23, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - José J Fernández
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica Antonio González (IUBO AG), Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Avenida Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 2, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - María García-Altares
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Leibniz Institute for Natural Products Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute (HKI), Adolf-Reichwein-Straße 23, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Department of Electronic Engineering, Rovira i Virgili University, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
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9
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López-Rosales L, López-García P, Benyachou MA, Molina-Miras A, Gallardo-Rodríguez JJ, Cerón-García MC, Sánchez Mirón A, García-Camacho F. Treatment of secondary urban wastewater with a low ammonium-tolerant marine microalga using zeolite-based adsorption. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 359:127490. [PMID: 35724909 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The low tolerance of marine microalgae to ammonium and hyposalinity limits their use in urban wastewater (UWW) treatments. In this study, using the marine microalga Amphidinium carterae, it is demonstrated for the first time that this obstacle can be overcome by introducing a zeolite-based adsorption step to obtain a tolerable UWW stream. The maximum ammonium adsorption capacities measured in the natural zeolite used are among the highest reported. The microalga grows satisfactorily in mixtures of zeolite-treated UWW and seawater at a wide range of proportions, both with and without adjusting the salinity, as long as the ammonium concentration is below the threshold tolerated by the microalgae (6.3 mg L-1). A proof of concept performed in 10-L bubble column photobioreactors with different culture strategies, including medium recycling, showed an enhanced biomass yield relative to a control with no UWW. No noticeable effect was observed on the production of specialty metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- L López-Rosales
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Almería, Almería 04120, Spain; Research Center CIAMBITAL, University of Almería, Almería 04120, Spain
| | - P López-García
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Almería, Almería 04120, Spain
| | - M A Benyachou
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Almería, Almería 04120, Spain
| | - A Molina-Miras
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Almería, Almería 04120, Spain
| | - J J Gallardo-Rodríguez
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Almería, Almería 04120, Spain; Research Center CIAMBITAL, University of Almería, Almería 04120, Spain
| | - M C Cerón-García
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Almería, Almería 04120, Spain; Research Center CIAMBITAL, University of Almería, Almería 04120, Spain
| | - A Sánchez Mirón
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Almería, Almería 04120, Spain; Research Center CIAMBITAL, University of Almería, Almería 04120, Spain
| | - F García-Camacho
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Almería, Almería 04120, Spain; Research Center CIAMBITAL, University of Almería, Almería 04120, Spain.
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10
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Effect of Nitrogen, Phosphorous, and Light Colimitation on Amphidinol Production and Growth in the Marine Dinoflagellate Microalga Amphidinium carterae. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14090594. [PMID: 36136532 PMCID: PMC9504147 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14090594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The marine dinoflagellate microalga Amphidinium carterae is a source of amphidinols, a fascinating group of polyketide metabolites potentially useful in drug design. However, Amphidinium carterae grows slowly and produces these toxins in tiny amounts, representing a hurdle for large-scale production. Understanding dinoflagellate growth kinetics under different photobioreactor conditions is imperative for promoting the successful implementation of a full-scale integrated bioproduct production system. This study evaluates the feasibility of growing Amphidinium carterae under different ranges of nitrogen concentration (NO3− = 882–2646 µM), phosphorus concentration (PO33− = 181–529 µM), and light intensity (Y0 = 286–573 µE m−2 s−1) to produce amphidinols. A mathematical colimitation kinetic model based on the “cell quota” concept is developed to predict both algal growth and nutrient drawdown, assuming that all three variables (nitrogen, phosphorous and light) can simultaneously colimit microalgal growth. The model was applied to the semicontinuous culture of the marine microalgae Amphidinium carterae in an indoor LED-lit raceway photobioreactor. The results show that both growth and amphidinol production strongly depend on nutrient concentrations and light intensity. Nonetheless, it was possible to increase Amphidinium carterae growth while simultaneously promoting the overproduction of amphidinols. The proposed model adequately describes Amphidinium carterae growth, nitrate and phosphate concentrations, and intracellular nitrogen and phosphorus storage, and has therefore the potential to be extended to other systems used in dinoflagellate cultivation and the production of bioproducts obtained therein.
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Alzheimer’s Disease and Toxins Produced by Marine Dinoflagellates: An Issue to Explore. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20040253. [PMID: 35447926 PMCID: PMC9029327 DOI: 10.3390/md20040253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper examined the toxins naturally produced by marine dinoflagellates and their effects on increases in β-amyloid plaques along with tau protein hyperphosphorylation, both major drivers of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). This approach is in line with the demand for certain natural compounds, namely those produced by marine invertebrates that have the potential to be used in the treatment of AD. Current advances in AD treatment are discussed as well as the main factors that potentially affect the puzzling global AD pattern. This study focused on yessotoxins (YTXs), gymnodimine (GYM), spirolides (SPXs), and gambierol, all toxins that have been shown to reduce β-amyloid plaques and tau hyperphosphorylation, thus preventing the neuronal or synaptic dysfunction that ultimately causes the cell death associated with AD (or other neurodegenerative diseases). Another group of toxins described, okadaic acid (OA) and its derivatives, inhibit protein phosphatase activity, which facilitates the presence of phosphorylated tau proteins. A few studies have used OA to trigger AD in zebrafish, providing an opportunity to test in vivo the effectiveness of new drugs in treating or attenuating AD. Constraints on the production of marine toxins for use in these tests have been considered. Different lines of research are anticipated regarding the action of the two groups of toxins.
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12
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Molina-Grima E, García-Camacho F, Acién-Fernández FG, Sánchez-Mirón A, Plouviez M, Shene C, Chisti Y. Pathogens and predators impacting commercial production of microalgae and cyanobacteria. Biotechnol Adv 2021; 55:107884. [PMID: 34896169 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Production of phytoplankton (microalgae and cyanobacteria) in commercial raceway ponds and other systems is adversely impacted by phytoplankton pathogens, including bacteria, fungi and viruses. In addition, cultures are susceptible to productivity loss, or crash, through grazing by contaminating zooplankton such as protozoa, rotifers and copepods. Productivity loss and product contamination are also caused by otherwise innocuous invading phytoplankton that consume resources in competition with the species being cultured. This review is focused on phytoplankton competitors, pathogens and grazers of significance in commercial culture of microalgae and cyanobacteria. Detection and identification of these biological contaminants are discussed. Operational protocols for minimizing contamination, and methods of managing it, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Molina-Grima
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Maxence Plouviez
- School of Food and Advanced Technology, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Carolina Shene
- Center for Biotechnology and Bioengineering (CeBiB), Center of Food Biotechnology and Bioseparations, BIOREN and Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad de La Frontera, Francisco Salazar 01145, Temuco 4780000, Chile
| | - Yusuf Chisti
- School of Engineering, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
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13
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Morales-Amador A, Molina-Miras A, López-Rosales L, Sánchez-Mirón A, García-Camacho F, Souto ML, Fernández JJ. Isolation and Structural Elucidation of New Amphidinol Analogues from Amphidinium carterae Cultivated in a Pilot-Scale Photobioreactor. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:432. [PMID: 34436271 PMCID: PMC8399002 DOI: 10.3390/md19080432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The demand for valuable products from dinoflagellate biotechnology has increased remarkably in recent years due to their many prospective applications. However, there remain many challenges that need to be addressed in order to make dinoflagellate bioactives a commercial reality. In this article, we describe the technical feasibility of producing and recovering amphidinol analogues (AMs) excreted into a culture broth of Amphidinium carterae ACRN03, successfully cultured in an LED-illuminated pilot-scale (80 L) bubble column photobioreactor operated in fed-batch mode with a pulse feeding strategy. We report on the isolation of new structurally related AMs, amphidinol 24 (1, AM24), amphidinol 25 (2, AM25) and amphidinol 26 (3, AM26), from a singular fraction resulting from the downstream processing. Their planar structures were elucidated by extensive NMR and HRMS analysis, whereas the relative configuration of the C-32→C-47 bis-tetrahydropyran core was confirmed to be antipodal in accord with the recently revised configuration of AM3. The hemolytic activities of the new metabolites and other related derivatives were evaluated, and structure-activity conclusions were established. Their isolation was based on a straightforward and high-performance bioprocess that could be suitable for the commercial development of AMs or other high-value compounds from shear sensitive dinoflagellates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Morales-Amador
- Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica Antonio González (IUBO AG), Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Avda. Astrofísico F. Sánchez 2, 38206 La Laguna, Spain;
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Avda. Astrofísico F. Sánchez 2, 38206 La Laguna, Spain
| | - Alejandro Molina-Miras
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain; (A.M.-M.); (L.L.-R.); (A.S.-M.); (F.G.-C.)
- Research Center CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Lorenzo López-Rosales
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain; (A.M.-M.); (L.L.-R.); (A.S.-M.); (F.G.-C.)
- Research Center CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Asterio Sánchez-Mirón
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain; (A.M.-M.); (L.L.-R.); (A.S.-M.); (F.G.-C.)
- Research Center CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Francisco García-Camacho
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain; (A.M.-M.); (L.L.-R.); (A.S.-M.); (F.G.-C.)
- Research Center CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - María L. Souto
- Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica Antonio González (IUBO AG), Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Avda. Astrofísico F. Sánchez 2, 38206 La Laguna, Spain;
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Avda. Astrofísico F. Sánchez 2, 38206 La Laguna, Spain
| | - José J. Fernández
- Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica Antonio González (IUBO AG), Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Avda. Astrofísico F. Sánchez 2, 38206 La Laguna, Spain;
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Avda. Astrofísico F. Sánchez 2, 38206 La Laguna, Spain
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14
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Pereira AG, Jimenez-Lopez C, Fraga M, Lourenço-Lopes C, García-Oliveira P, Lorenzo JM, Perez-Lamela C, Prieto MA, Simal-Gandara J. Extraction, Properties, and Applications of Bioactive Compounds Obtained from Microalgae. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:1929-1950. [PMID: 32242779 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200403172206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
With the increase in the global population, getting new sources of food is essential. One of the solutions can be found in the oceans due to algae. Microalgae are aquatic photosynthetic organisms used mainly due to their variety of bioactive compounds. The consumption of microalgae has been carried out for centuries and is recommended by organizations, such as OMS and FAO, due to its nutritional value and its properties. Based on the existing literature, there is substantial evidence of the nutritional quality of the algae as well as their functional elements. However, much quantification is still necessary, as well as studying possible adverse effects. The present review describes the compounds of alimentary interest present in these algae as well as different extraction techniques assisted by different energetic mechanisms (such as heat, supercritical-fluid, microwave, ultrasound, enzymes, electric field, high hydrostatic pressure, among others). The most challenging and crucial issues are reducing microalgae growth cost and optimizing extraction techniques. This review aimed a better understanding of the uses of microalgae for new researches in nutrition. Since the use of microalgae is still a field in which there is much to discover, it is likely that more benefits will be found in its consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antia G Pereira
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, Ourense Campus, E32004 Ourense, Spain.,Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolonia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Cecilia Jimenez-Lopez
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, Ourense Campus, E32004 Ourense, Spain.,Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolonia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Maria Fraga
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, Ourense Campus, E32004 Ourense, Spain.,Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolonia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Catarina Lourenço-Lopes
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, Ourense Campus, E32004 Ourense, Spain.,Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolonia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Paula García-Oliveira
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, Ourense Campus, E32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Jose M Lorenzo
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Rúa Galicia No. 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, San Cibrao das Viñas, 32900 Ourense, Spain
| | - Concepcion Perez-Lamela
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, Ourense Campus, E32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Miguel A Prieto
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, Ourense Campus, E32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Jesus Simal-Gandara
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, Ourense Campus, E32004 Ourense, Spain
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15
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Assunção J, Malcata FX. Enclosed “non-conventional” photobioreactors for microalga production: A review. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.102107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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16
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Wu H, Chen J, Peng J, Zhong Y, Zheng G, Guo M, Tan Z, Zhai Y, Lu S. Nontarget Screening and Toxicity Evaluation of Diol Esters of Okadaic Acid and Dinophysistoxins Reveal Intraspecies Difference of Prorocentrum lima. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:12366-12375. [PMID: 32902972 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c03691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
High-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) analysis with the assistance of molecular networking was used to investigate intracellular toxin profiles of five Prorocentrum lima (P. lima) strains sampled from the north Yellow Sea and South China Sea. Mice were used as a model species for testing the acute toxicity of intracellular okadaic acid (OA) and dinophysistoxins (DTXs) in free and esterified states. Results showed that OA and DTX1 esterified derivatives were detected in all P. lima samples, accounting for 55%-96% of total toxins in five strains. A total of 24 esters and 1 stereoisomer of DTX1 (35S DTX1) were identified based on molecular networking and MS data analysis, 15 esters of which have been reported first. All P. lima strains displayed specific toxin profiles, and preliminary analysis suggested that toxin profiles of the five P. lima strains might be region-related. Moreover, acute toxicity in mice suggested higher toxicity of esters compared with free toxins, which highlights the importance and urgency of attention to esterified toxins in P. lima.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Aquatic Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jiaqi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Aquatic Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jixing Peng
- Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Aquatic Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yun Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Aquatic Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Guanchao Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Aquatic Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Mengmeng Guo
- Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Aquatic Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Zhijun Tan
- Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Aquatic Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yuxiu Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Aquatic Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Songhui Lu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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17
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López-Rodríguez M, Cerón-García MC, López-Rosales L, Navarro-López E, Sánchez-Mirón A, Molina-Miras A, Abreu AC, Fernández I, García-Camacho F. Improved extraction of bioactive compounds from biomass of the marine dinoflagellate microalga Amphidinium carterae. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 313:123518. [PMID: 32512427 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The extraction of three families of compounds (carotenoids, fatty acids and amphidinols) from the biomass of two strains of Amphidinium carterae (ACRN03 and Dn241EHU) was improved by tuning cell disruption and solvent extraction operations. The extraction of carotenoids was evaluated using alkaline saponification (0%-60% KOH d.w.) at different temperatures (25-80 °C). High levels of carotenoids were obtained at 60 °C using freeze-dried biomass, not subjected to cell disruption methods. The ACRN03 strain required 20% KOH whereas the Dn241EHU strain did not require saponification since carotenoid degradation was observed. The extraction efficiencies were determined with a wide range of pure solvents and mixtures thereof. Two empirical non-linear equations were used to correlate extraction percentages for each family of compounds with the Hildebrand solubility parameter (δT) and the polarity index of the solvents (PI). Thresholds of δT and PI of around 20 MPa1/2 and 6, respectively, were determined for the extraction of amphidinols, consistent with antiproliferative activity measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- M López-Rodríguez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Research Centre CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, Ctra. Sacramento, s/n, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - M C Cerón-García
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Research Centre CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, Ctra. Sacramento, s/n, 04120 Almería, Spain.
| | - L López-Rosales
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Research Centre CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, Ctra. Sacramento, s/n, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - E Navarro-López
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Research Centre CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, Ctra. Sacramento, s/n, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - A Sánchez-Mirón
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Research Centre CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, Ctra. Sacramento, s/n, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - A Molina-Miras
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Research Centre CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, Ctra. Sacramento, s/n, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - A C Abreu
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Research Centre CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, Ctra. Sacramento, s/n, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Ignacio Fernández
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Research Centre CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, Ctra. Sacramento, s/n, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - F García-Camacho
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Research Centre CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, Ctra. Sacramento, s/n, 04120 Almería, Spain
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18
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Molina-Miras A, López-Rosales L, Sánchez-Mirón A, López-Rodríguez M, Cerón-García M, García-Camacho F, Molina-Grima E. Influence of culture medium recycling on the growth of a marine dinoflagellate microalga and bioactives production in a raceway photobioreactor. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.101820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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19
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Gallardo-Rodríguez J, Astuya-Villalón A, Avello V, Llanos-Rivera A, Krock B, Agurto-Muñoz C, Sánchez-Mirón A, García-Camacho F. Production of extracts with anaesthetic activity from the culture of Heterosigma akashiwo in pilot-scale photobioreactors. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2019.101760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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20
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Molina-Miras A, López-Rosales L, Cerón-García M, Sánchez-Mirón A, García-Camacho F, Contreras-Gómez A, Molina-Grima E. A new approach to finding optimal centrifugation conditions for shear-sensitive microalgae. ALGAL RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2019.101677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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21
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Abreu AC, Molina-Miras A, Aguilera-Sáez LM, López-Rosales L, Cerón-García MDC, Sánchez-Mirón A, Olmo-García L, Carrasco-Pancorbo A, García-Camacho F, Molina-Grima E, Fernández I. Production of Amphidinols and Other Bioproducts of Interest by the Marine Microalga Amphidinium carterae Unraveled by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Metabolomics Approach Coupled to Multivariate Data Analysis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:9667-9682. [PMID: 31415166 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b02821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study assessed the feasibility of an NMR metabolomics approach coupled to multivariate data analysis to monitor the naturally present or stresses-elicited metabolites from a long-term (>170 days) culture of the dinoflagellate marine microalgae Amphidinium carterae grown in a fiberglass paddlewheel-driven raceway photobioreactor. Metabolic contents, in particular, in two members of the amphidinol family, amphidinol A and its 7-sulfate derivative amphidinol B (referred as APDs), and other compounds of interest (fatty acids, carotenoids, oxylipins, etc.) were evaluated by altering concentration levels of the f/2 medium nutrients and daily mean irradiance. Operating with a 24 h sinusoidal light cycle allowed a 3-fold increase in APD production, which was also detected by an increase in hemolytic activity of the methanolic extract of A. carterae biomass. The presence of APDs was consistent with the antitumoral activity measured in the methanolic extracts of the biomass. Increased daily irradiance was accompanied by a general decrease in pigments and an increase in SFAs (saturated fatty acids), MUFAs (monounsaturated fatty acids), and DHA (docosahexaenoic acid), while increased nutrient availability lead to an increase in sugar, amino acid, and PUFA ω-3 contents and pigments and a decrease in SFAs and MUFAs. NMR-based metabolomics is shown to be a fast and suitable method to accompany the production of APD and bioactive compounds without the need of tedious isolation methods and bioassays. The two APD compounds were chemically identified by spectroscopic NMR and spectrometric ESI-IT MS (electrospray ionization ion trap mass spectrometry) and ESI-TOF MS (ESI time-of-flight mass spectrometry) methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cristina Abreu
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Research Centre CIAIMBITAL , University of Almería , Ctra. Sacramento, s/n , 04120 Almería , Spain
| | - Alejandro Molina-Miras
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Research Centre CIAIMBITAL , University of Almería , 04120 Almería , Spain
| | - Luis M Aguilera-Sáez
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Research Centre CIAIMBITAL , University of Almería , Ctra. Sacramento, s/n , 04120 Almería , Spain
| | - Lorenzo López-Rosales
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Research Centre CIAIMBITAL , University of Almería , 04120 Almería , Spain
| | | | - Asterio Sánchez-Mirón
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Research Centre CIAIMBITAL , University of Almería , 04120 Almería , Spain
| | - Lucía Olmo-García
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences , University of Granada , Ave. Fuentenueva s/n , 18071 Granada , Spain
| | - Alegría Carrasco-Pancorbo
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences , University of Granada , Ave. Fuentenueva s/n , 18071 Granada , Spain
| | - Francisco García-Camacho
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Research Centre CIAIMBITAL , University of Almería , 04120 Almería , Spain
| | - Emilio Molina-Grima
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Research Centre CIAIMBITAL , University of Almería , 04120 Almería , Spain
| | - Ignacio Fernández
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Research Centre CIAIMBITAL , University of Almería , Ctra. Sacramento, s/n , 04120 Almería , Spain
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22
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López-Rodríguez M, Cerón-García MC, López-Rosales L, González-López CV, Molina-Miras A, Ramírez-González A, Sánchez-Mirón A, García-Camacho F, Molina-Grima E. Assessment of multi-step processes for an integral use of the biomass of the marine microalga Amphidinium carterae. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 282:370-377. [PMID: 30884456 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Sustainable dinoflagellate microalgae-based bioprocess designed to produce secondary metabolites (SMs) with interesting bioactivities are attracting increasing attention. However, dinoflagellates also produce other valuable bioproducts (e.g polyunsaturated fatty acids, carotenoids, etc.) that could be recovered and should therefore be taken into account in the bioprocess. In this study, biomass of the marine dinoflagellate microalga Amphidinium carterae was used to assess and optimise three different methods in order to obtain three families of high-value biochemical compounds present in the biomass. The existing processes encompassed a multi-step extraction process for carotenoids, fatty acids and APDs individually and are optimized for the integral valorization of raw A. carterae biomass, with SMs being the primary target compounds. Total process recovery yields were 97% for carotenoids, 80% for total fatty acids and 100% for an extract rich in APDs (not purified).
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Affiliation(s)
- M López-Rodríguez
- Department of Chemical Engineering and CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - M C Cerón-García
- Department of Chemical Engineering and CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain.
| | - L López-Rosales
- Department of Chemical Engineering and CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - C V González-López
- Department of Chemical Engineering and CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - A Molina-Miras
- Department of Chemical Engineering and CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - A Ramírez-González
- Department of Chemical Engineering and CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - A Sánchez-Mirón
- Department of Chemical Engineering and CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - F García-Camacho
- Department of Chemical Engineering and CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - E Molina-Grima
- Department of Chemical Engineering and CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
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Lee S, Yang AR, Yoo YD, Jeong EJ, Rho JR. Relative Configurational Assignment of 4-Hydroxyprorocentrolide and Prorocentrolide C Isolated from a Benthic Dinoflagellate ( Prorocentrum lima). JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2019; 82:1034-1039. [PMID: 30917280 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.8b00988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we clarify the structure and relative configurations of two prorocentrolide analogues (1 and 2) isolated from the benthic marine dinoflagellate Prorocentrum lima. The results of NMR spectroscopy show that 1 is prorocentrolide substituted by a hydroxy group at C-4, while the newly isolated compound 2 can be thought of as 1 lacking one ether ring and having one extra double bond. The relative configurations of all stereogenic centers and the configurations of the double bonds in 1 and 2 were determined utilizing ROESY correlations and J-based configuration analysis. Furthermore, 2 was shown to exhibit cytotoxicity against HCT-116 and Neuro-2a cells (IC50 2.2 and 5.2 μM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangbum Lee
- Department of Marine Biotechnology , Kunsan National University , 558 Daehak-ro , Gunsan 54150 , South Korea
| | - A Reum Yang
- Department of Marine Biotechnology , Kunsan National University , 558 Daehak-ro , Gunsan 54150 , South Korea
| | - Yeong Du Yoo
- Department of Marine Biotechnology , Kunsan National University , 558 Daehak-ro , Gunsan 54150 , South Korea
| | - Eun Ju Jeong
- Department of Agronomy & Medicinal Plant Resources , Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology , JinJu 660-758 , South Korea
| | - Jung-Rae Rho
- Department of Marine Biotechnology , Kunsan National University , 558 Daehak-ro , Gunsan 54150 , South Korea
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24
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Pre-purification by membrane filtration of paralytic shellfish toxins from Alexandrium minutum dinoflagellate. Sep Purif Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2018.07.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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25
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Zhao L, Huang Y, Dong Y, Han X, Wang S, Liang X. Aptamers and Aptasensors for Highly Specific Recognition and Sensitive Detection of Marine Biotoxins: Recent Advances and Perspectives. Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:E427. [PMID: 30366456 PMCID: PMC6265707 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10110427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Marine biotoxins distribute widely, have high toxicity, and can be easily accumulated in water or seafood, exposing a serious threat to consumer health. Achieving specific and sensitive detection is the most effective way to prevent emergent issues caused by marine biotoxins; however, the previous detection methods cannot meet the requirements because of ethical or technical drawbacks. Aptamers, a kind of novel recognition element with high affinity and specificity, can be used to fabricate various aptasensors (aptamer-based biosensors) for sensitive and rapid detection. In recent years, an increasing number of aptamers and aptasensors have greatly promoted the development of marine biotoxins detection. In this review, we summarized the recent aptamer-related advances for marine biotoxins detection and discussed their perspectives. Firstly, we summarized the sequences, selection methods, affinity, secondary structures, and the ion conditions of all aptamers to provide a database-like information; secondly, we summarized the reported aptasensors for marine biotoxins, including principles, detection sensitivity, linear detection range, etc.; thirdly, on the basis of the existing reports and our own research experience, we forecast the development prospects of aptamers and aptasensors for marine biotoxins detection. We hope this review not only provides a comprehensive summary of aptamer selection and aptasensor development for marine biotoxins, but also arouses a broad readership amongst academic researchers and industrial chemists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianhui Zhao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Yunfei Huang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Yiyang Dong
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Xutiange Han
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Sai Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Xingguo Liang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266000, China.
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26
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Molina-Miras A, López-Rosales L, Sánchez-Mirón A, Cerón-García MC, Seoane-Parra S, García-Camacho F, Molina-Grima E. Long-term culture of the marine dinoflagellate microalga Amphidinium carterae in an indoor LED-lighted raceway photobioreactor: Production of carotenoids and fatty acids. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 265:257-267. [PMID: 29902658 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.05.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The feasibility of the long-term (>170 days) culture of a dinoflagellate microalga in a raceway photobioreactor is demonstrated for the first time. Amphidinium carterae was chosen for this study as it is producer of interesting high-value compounds. Repeated semicontinuous culture provided to be a robust operational mode. Different concentration levels of the f/2 medium nutrients (i.e. f/2×1-3) were assayed. The composition f/2×3 (N:P = 5), combined with a sinusoidal irradiance pattern (L/D = 24:0) with a 570 µE m-2 s-1 daily mean irradiance, maximized the biomass productivity (2.5 g m-2 day-1) and production rate of the valuable carotenoid peridinin (19.4 ± 1.35 mg m-2 L-1 with nearly 1% of the biomass d.w.). Several carotenoids and polyunsaturated fatty acids were also present in significant percentages in the harvested biomass (EPA, 1.69 ± 0.31% d.w.; DHA, 3.47 ± 0.24% d.w.), which had an average P-molar formulate of C40.7O21.2H73.9N3.9S0.3P1.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Molina-Miras
- Chemical Engineering Area, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - L López-Rosales
- Chemical Engineering Area, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - A Sánchez-Mirón
- Chemical Engineering Area, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain; Research Center in Agrifood Biotechnology (BITAL), University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - M C Cerón-García
- Chemical Engineering Area, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain; Research Center in Agrifood Biotechnology (BITAL), University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - S Seoane-Parra
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), P.O. 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain; Technology and Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PiE-UPV/EHU), Bilbao, Spain
| | - F García-Camacho
- Chemical Engineering Area, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain; Research Center in Agrifood Biotechnology (BITAL), University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain.
| | - E Molina-Grima
- Chemical Engineering Area, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain; Research Center in Agrifood Biotechnology (BITAL), University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
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27
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Wang L, Wu F, Jia X, Xu Z, Guo Y, Ye T. Studies toward the Synthesis of Iriomoteolide-2a: Construction of the C(6)-C(28) Fragment. Org Lett 2018; 20:2213-2215. [PMID: 29633846 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b00542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of an appropriately functionalized advanced C(6-28) fragment (3) of the marine macrolide iriomoteolide-2a (1) has been achieved in a highly efficient manner. The C(6)-C(18) fragment of 1 is prepared via a radical cyclization of a vinyl ether intermediate and palladium-promoted hydrostannylation/iodination. Paterson aldol reaction and Peterson olefination are used to construct the C(19)-C(28) fragment. The union of the C(6)-C(18) and C(19)-C(28) fragments is accomplished via a Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lushun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics , Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School , Xili , Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055 , China
| | - Fusong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics , Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School , Xili , Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055 , China
| | - Xuelei Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics , Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School , Xili , Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055 , China
| | - Zhengshuang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics , Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School , Xili , Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055 , China
| | - Yian Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics , Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School , Xili , Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055 , China
| | - Tao Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics , Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School , Xili , Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055 , China
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28
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A pilot-scale bioprocess to produce amphidinols from the marine microalga Amphidinium carterae: Isolation of a novel analogue. ALGAL RES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2018.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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29
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López-Rosales L, Sánchez-Mirón A, García-Camacho F, Place AR, Chisti Y, Molina-Grima E. Pilot-scale outdoor photobioreactor culture of the marine dinoflagellate Karlodinium veneficum: Production of a karlotoxins-rich extract. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 253:94-104. [PMID: 29331827 PMCID: PMC6446550 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.12.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A pilot-scale bioprocess was developed for the production of karlotoxin-enriched extracts of the marine algal dinoflagellate Karlodinium veneficum. A bubble column and a flat-panel photobioreactors (80-281 L) were used for comparative assessment of growth. Flow hydrodynamics and energy dissipation rates (EDR) in the bioreactors were characterized through robust computational fluid dynamic simulations. All cultures were conducted monoseptically outdoors. Bubble column (maximum cell productivity in semicontinuous operation of 58 × 103 cell mL-1 day-1) proved to be a better culture system for this alga. In both reactors, the local EDR near the headspace, and in the sparger zone, were more than one order of magnitude higher than the average value in the whole reactor (=4 × 10-3 W kg-1). Extraction of the culture and further purification resulted in the desired KTXs extracts. Apparently, the alga produced three congeners KTXs: KmTx-10 and its sulfated derivative (sulfo-KmTx-10) and KmTx-12. All congeners possessed hemolytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- L López-Rosales
- Chemical Engineering Area, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - A Sánchez-Mirón
- Chemical Engineering Area, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain.
| | - F García-Camacho
- Chemical Engineering Area, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - A R Place
- Institute of Marine & Environmental Technology, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, 701 E. Pratt Street, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA
| | - Yusuf Chisti
- School of Engineering, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - E Molina-Grima
- Chemical Engineering Area, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
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30
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Abstract
Cultivation of microalgae requires consideration of shear stress, which is generated by operations such as mixing, circulation, aeration and pumping that are designed to facilitate mass and heat transfer as well as light distribution in cultures. Excessive shear stress can cause increased cell mortality, decreased growth rate and cell viability, or even cell lysis. This review examines the sources of shear stress in different cultivation systems, shear stress tolerance of different microalgal species and the physiological factors and environmental conditions that may affect shear sensitivity, and potential approaches to mitigate the detrimental effects of shear stress. In general, green algae have the greatest tolerance to shear stress, followed by cyanobacteria, haptophytes, red algae, and diatoms, with dinoflagellates comprising the most shear-sensitive species. The shear-sensitivity of microalgae is determined primarily by cell wall strength, cell morphology and the presence of flagella. Turbulence, eddy size, and viscosity are the most prominent parameters affecting shear stress to microalgal cells during cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinchin Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Ottawa, 161 Louis Pasteur Private, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Christopher Q Lan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Ottawa, 161 Louis Pasteur Private, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada.
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31
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Assunção J, Guedes AC, Malcata FX. Biotechnological and Pharmacological Applications of Biotoxins and Other Bioactive Molecules from Dinoflagellates. Mar Drugs 2017; 15:E393. [PMID: 29261163 PMCID: PMC5742853 DOI: 10.3390/md15120393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The long-lasting interest in bioactive molecules (namely toxins) produced by (microalga) dinoflagellates has risen in recent years. Exhibiting wide diversity and complexity, said compounds are well-recognized for their biological features, with great potential for use as pharmaceutical therapies and biological research probes. Unfortunately, provision of those compounds is still far from sufficient, especially in view of an increasing demand for preclinical testing. Despite the difficulties to establish dinoflagellate cultures and obtain reasonable productivities of such compounds, intensive research has permitted a number of advances in the field. This paper accordingly reviews the characteristics of some of the most important biotoxins (and other bioactive substances) produced by dinoflagellates. It also presents and discusses (to some length) the main advances pertaining to dinoflagellate production, from bench to large scale-with an emphasis on material published since the latest review available on the subject. Such advances encompass improvements in nutrient formulation and light supply as major operational conditions; they have permitted adaptation of classical designs, and aided the development of novel configurations for dinoflagellate growth-even though shearing-related issues remain a major challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Assunção
- LEPABE-Laboratory of Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n, P-4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
| | - A Catarina Guedes
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, s/n, P-4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal.
| | - F Xavier Malcata
- LEPABE-Laboratory of Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n, P-4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n, P-4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
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32
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López-Rosales L, García-Camacho F, Sánchez-Mirón A, Contreras-Gómez A, Molina-Grima E. Modeling shear-sensitive dinoflagellate microalgae growth in bubble column photobioreactors. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 245:250-257. [PMID: 28892698 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.08.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 08/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The shear-sensitive dinoflagellate microalga Karlodinium veneficum was grown in a sparged bubble column photobioreactor. The influence of mass transfer and shear stress on cell growth and physiology (concentration of reactive oxygen species, membrane fluidity and photosynthetic efficiency) was studied, and a model describing cell growth in term of mass transfer and culture parameters (nozzle sparger diameter, air flow rate, and culture height) was developed. The results show that mass transfer limits cell growth at low air-flow rates, whereas the shear stress produced by the presence of bubbles is critically detrimental for air flow rates above 0.1vvm. The model developed in this paper adequately represents the growth of K. veneficum. Moreover, the parameters of the model indicate that bubble rupture is much more harmful for cells than bubble formation.
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33
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Soni RA, Sudhakar K, Rana R. Spirulina – From growth to nutritional product: A review. Trends Food Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2017.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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34
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Mayer AMS, Rodríguez AD, Taglialatela-Scafati O, Fusetani N. Marine Pharmacology in 2012-2013: Marine Compounds with Antibacterial, Antidiabetic, Antifungal, Anti-Inflammatory, Antiprotozoal, Antituberculosis, and Antiviral Activities; Affecting the Immune and Nervous Systems, and Other Miscellaneous Mechanisms of Action. Mar Drugs 2017; 15:md15090273. [PMID: 28850074 PMCID: PMC5618412 DOI: 10.3390/md15090273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The peer-reviewed marine pharmacology literature from 2012 to 2013 was systematically reviewed, consistent with the 1998–2011 reviews of this series. Marine pharmacology research from 2012 to 2013, conducted by scientists from 42 countries in addition to the United States, reported findings on the preclinical pharmacology of 257 marine compounds. The preclinical pharmacology of compounds isolated from marine organisms revealed antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis, antiviral and anthelmitic pharmacological activities for 113 marine natural products. In addition, 75 marine compounds were reported to have antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory activities and affect the immune and nervous system. Finally, 69 marine compounds were shown to display miscellaneous mechanisms of action which could contribute to novel pharmacological classes. Thus, in 2012–2013, the preclinical marine natural product pharmacology pipeline provided novel pharmacology and lead compounds to the clinical marine pharmaceutical pipeline, and contributed significantly to potentially novel therapeutic approaches to several global disease categories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro M S Mayer
- Department of Pharmacology, Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, 555 31st Street, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA.
| | - Abimael D Rodríguez
- Molecular Sciences Research Center, University of Puerto Rico, 1390 Ponce de León Avenue, San Juan, PR 00926, USA.
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35
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Liu CL, Place AR, Jagus R. Use of Antibiotics for Maintenance of Axenic Cultures of Amphidinium carterae for the Analysis of Translation. Mar Drugs 2017; 15:E242. [PMID: 28763019 PMCID: PMC5577597 DOI: 10.3390/md15080242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Most dinoflagellates in culture are bacterized, complicating the quantification of protein synthesis, as well as the analysis of its regulation. In bacterized cultures of Amphidinium carterae Hulbert, up to 80% of protein synthetic activity appears to be predominantly bacterial based on responses to inhibitors of protein synthesis. To circumvent this, axenic cultures of A. carterae were obtained and shown to respond to inhibitors of protein synthesis in a manner characteristic of eukaryotes. However, these responses changed with time in culture correlating with the reappearance of bacteria. Here we show that culture with kanamycin (50 μg/mL), carbenicillin (100 μg/mL), and streptomycin sulfate (50 μg/mL) (KCS), but not 100 units/mL of penicillin and streptomycin (PS), prevents the reappearance of bacteria and allows A. carterae protein synthesis to be quantified without the contribution of an associated bacterial community. We demonstrate that A. carterae can grow in the absence of a bacterial community. Furthermore, maintenance in KCS does not inhibit the growth of A. carterae cultures but slightly extends the growth phase and allows accumulation to somewhat higher saturation densities. We also show that cultures of A. carterae maintained in KCS respond to the eukaryotic protein synthesis inhibitors cycloheximide, emetine, and harringtonine. Establishment of these culture conditions will facilitate our ability to use polysome fractionation and ribosome profiling to study mRNA recruitment. Furthermore, this study shows that a simple and fast appraisal of the presence of a bacterial community in A. carterae cultures can be made by comparing responses to cycloheximide and chloramphenicol rather than depending on lengthier culture-based assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chieh-Lun Liu
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, 701 E. Pratt Street, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA.
| | - Allen R Place
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, 701 E. Pratt Street, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA.
| | - Rosemary Jagus
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, 701 E. Pratt Street, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA.
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36
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Yang AR, Lee S, Yoo YD, Kim HS, Jeong EJ, Rho JR. Limaol: A Polyketide from the Benthic Marine Dinoflagellate Prorocentrum lima. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2017; 80:1688-1692. [PMID: 28383915 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.7b00127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Limaol (1), along with a dinophysistoxin 1 derivative and an okadaic acid (OA) derivative, was isolated from the large-scale cultivation of the benthic marine dinoflagellate Prorocentrum lima. The structure of 1 was determined by a combination of NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry and contained tetrahydropyran, 1,3,5,7-tetra(methylene)heptane, and octahydrospiro[pyran-2,2'-pyrano[3,2-b]pyran] moieties. The absolute configuration of 1 was completely elucidated on the basis of ROESY correlations, J-based configuration analysis, and modified Mosher's ester analysis. Limaol showed moderate cytotoxicity when compared to OA against three cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Reum Yang
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Kunsan National University , 558 Daehak-ro, Gunsan 54150, South Korea
| | - Sangbum Lee
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Kunsan National University , 558 Daehak-ro, Gunsan 54150, South Korea
| | - Young Du Yoo
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Kunsan National University , 558 Daehak-ro, Gunsan 54150, South Korea
| | - Hyung Seop Kim
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Kunsan National University , 558 Daehak-ro, Gunsan 54150, South Korea
| | - Eun Ju Jeong
- Department of Agronomy & Medicinal Plant Resources, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology , JinJu 660-758, South Korea
| | - Jung-Rae Rho
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Kunsan National University , 558 Daehak-ro, Gunsan 54150, South Korea
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37
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Jeong HJ, Ok JH, Lim AS, Kwon JE, Kim SJ, Lee SY. Mixotrophy in the phototrophic dinoflagellate Takayama helix (family Kareniaceae): Predator of diverse toxic and harmful dinoflagellates. HARMFUL ALGAE 2016; 60:92-106. [PMID: 28073566 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2016.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Takayama spp. are phototrophic dinoflagellates belonging to the family Kareniaceae and have caused fish kills in several countries. Understanding their trophic mode and interactions with co-occurring phytoplankton species are critical steps in comprehending their ecological roles in marine ecosystems, bloom dynamics, and dinoflagellate evolution. To investigate the trophic mode and interactions of Takayama spp., the ability of Takayama helix to feed on diverse algal species was examined, and the mechanisms of prey ingestion were determined. Furthermore, growth and ingestion rates of T. helix feeding on the dinoflagellates Alexandrium lusitanicum and Alexandrium tamarense, which are two optimal prey items, were determined as a function of prey concentration. T. helix ingested large dinoflagellates ≥15μm in size, except for the dinoflagellates Karenia mikimotoi, Akashiwo sanguinea, and Prorocentrum micans (i.e., it fed on Alexandrium minutum, A. lusitanicum, A. tamarense, A. pacificum, A. insuetum, Cochlodinium polykrikoides, Coolia canariensis, Coolia malayensis, Gambierdiscus caribaeus, Gymnodinium aureolum, Gymnodinium catenatum, Gymnodinium instriatum, Heterocapsa triquetra, Lingulodinium polyedrum, and Scrippsiella trochoidea). All these edible prey items are dinoflagellates that have diverse eco-physiology such as toxic and non-toxic, single and chain forming, and planktonic and benthic forms. However, T. helix did not feed on small flagellates and dinoflagellates <13μm in size (i.e., the prymnesiophyte Isochrysis galbana; the cryptophytes Teleaulax sp., Storeatula major, and Rhodomonas salina; the raphidophyte Heterosigma akashiwo; the dinoflagellates Heterocapsa rotundata, Amphidinium carterae, Prorocentrum minimum; or the small diatom Skeletonema costatum). T. helix ingested Heterocapsa triquetra by direct engulfment, but sucked materials from the rest of the edible prey species through the intercingular region of the sulcus. With increasing mean prey concentration, the specific growth rates of T. helix on A. lusitanicum and A. tamarense increased continuously before saturating at prey concentrations of 336-620ngC mL-1. The maximum specific growth rates (mixotrophic growth) of T. helix on A. lusitanicum and A. tamarense were 0.272 and 0.268d-1, respectively, at 20°C under a 14:10 h light/dark cycle of 20μE m-2 s-1 illumination, while its growth rates (phototrophic growth) under the same light conditions without added prey were 0.152 and 0.094d-1, respectively. The maximum ingestion rates of T. helix on A. lusitanicum and A. tamarense were 1.23 and 0.48ng C predator-1d-1, respectively. The results of the present study suggest that T. helix is a mixotrophic dinoflagellate that is able to feed on a diverse range of toxic species and, thus, its mixotrophic ability should be considered when studying red tide dynamics, food webs, and dinoflagellate evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae Jin Jeong
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16229, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jin Hee Ok
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - An Suk Lim
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Brain Korea 21, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ji Eun Kwon
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - So Jin Kim
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Yeon Lee
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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Fuentes-Grünewald C, Bayliss C, Fonlut F, Chapuli E. Long-term dinoflagellate culture performance in a commercial photobioreactor: Amphidinium carterae case. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 218:533-540. [PMID: 27395001 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.06.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to study the culture performance of a dinoflagellate in a commercial photobioreactor. The results obtained during this long-term experiment allow to confirm that Amphidinium carterae is a promising dinoflagellate that can be exploited successfully in closed systems, in semi-continuous mode in indoor and outdoor environments. The average results in an indoor 5cm light-path 320L photobioreactor were, in terms of specific growth rate (0.29d(-1)), duplication time (3.1d(-1)) and dry biomass productivity (78mgL(-1)d(-1)). Specific compounds production was found including ω3 and ω6 fatty acids and, pigments (Peridinin, β-carotene). These promising results, besides unique characteristics found during the exploitation period such as resistance to mechanical stress, self-control of contaminant organisms, and quick cells aggregation when the culture is not in turbulence conditions, makes A. carterae one of the new target species suitable for commercially exploitation on an industrial scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Fuentes-Grünewald
- College of Science, Department of Biosciences, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, United Kingdom.
| | - C Bayliss
- College of Science, Department of Biosciences, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, United Kingdom
| | - F Fonlut
- Bio Fuel Systems, S.A. Calle Sevilla, 6-8, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain
| | - E Chapuli
- Bio Fuel Systems, S.A. Calle Sevilla, 6-8, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain
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Enzyme-linked, aptamer-based, competitive biolayer interferometry biosensor for palytoxin. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 89:952-958. [PMID: 27816587 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.09.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we coupled biolayer interferometry (BLI) with competitive binding assay through an enzyme-linked aptamer and developed a real-time, ultra-sensitive, rapid quantitative method for detection of the marine biotoxin palytoxin. Horseradish peroxidase-labeled aptamers were used as biorecognition receptors to competitively bind with palytoxin, which was immobilized on the biosensor surface. The palytoxin: horseradish peroxidase-aptamer complex was then submerged in a 3,3'-diaminobenzidine solution, which resulted in formation of a precipitated polymeric product directly on the biosensor surface and a large change in the optical thickness of the biosensor layer. This change could obviously shift the interference pattern and generate a response profile on the BLI biosensor. The biosensor showed a broad linear range for palytoxin (200-700pg/mL) with a low detection limit (0.04pg/mL). Moreover, the biosensor was applied to the detection of palytoxin in spiked extracts and showed a high degree of selectivity for palytoxin, good reproducibility, and stability. This enzyme-linked, aptamer-based, competitive BLI biosensor offers a promising method for rapid and sensitive detection of palytoxin and other analytes.
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Anttila M, Strangman W, York R, Tomas C, Wright JLC. Biosynthetic Studies of 13-Desmethylspirolide C Produced by Alexandrium ostenfeldii (= A. peruvianum): Rationalization of the Biosynthetic Pathway Following Incorporation of (13)C-Labeled Methionine and Application of the Odd-Even Rule of Methylation. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2016; 79:484-489. [PMID: 26641306 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.5b00869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the biosynthesis of dinoflagellate polyketides presents many unique challenges. Because of the remaining hurdles to dinoflagellate genome sequencing, precursor labeling studies remain the only viable way to investigate dinoflagellate biosynthesis. However, prior studies have shown that polyketide chain assembly does not follow any of the established processes. Additionally, acetate, the common precursor for polyketides, is frequently scrambled, thus compromising interpretation. These factors are further compounded by low production yields of the compounds of interest. A recent report on the biosynthesis of spirolides, a group belonging to the growing class of toxic spiroimines, provided some insight into the polyketide assembly process based on acetate labeling studies, but many details were left uncertain. By feeding (13)C methyl-labeled methionine to cultures of Alexandrium ostenfeldii, the producing organism of 13-desmethylspirolide C, and application of the odd-even methylation rule, the complete biosynthetic pathway has been established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Anttila
- UNCW Center for Marine Science , 5600 Marvin K. Moss Lane, Wilmington, North Carolina 28409, United States
| | - Wendy Strangman
- UNCW Center for Marine Science , 5600 Marvin K. Moss Lane, Wilmington, North Carolina 28409, United States
| | - Robert York
- UNCW Center for Marine Science , 5600 Marvin K. Moss Lane, Wilmington, North Carolina 28409, United States
| | - Carmelo Tomas
- UNCW Center for Marine Science , 5600 Marvin K. Moss Lane, Wilmington, North Carolina 28409, United States
| | - Jeffrey L C Wright
- UNCW Center for Marine Science , 5600 Marvin K. Moss Lane, Wilmington, North Carolina 28409, United States
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García-Camacho F, López-Rosales L, Sánchez-Mirón A, Belarbi E, Chisti Y, Molina-Grima E. Artificial neural network modeling for predicting the growth of the microalga Karlodinium veneficum. ALGAL RES 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Gallardo-Rodríguez JJ, López-Rosales L, Sánchez-Mirón A, García-Camacho F, Molina-Grima E, Chalmers JJ. New insights into shear-sensitivity in dinoflagellate microalgae. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 200:699-705. [PMID: 26556404 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.10.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/31/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A modification of a flow contraction device was used to subject shear-sensitive microalgae to well-defined hydrodynamic forces. The aim of the study was to elucidate if the inhibition of shear-induced growth commonly observed in dinoflagellate microalgae is in effect due to cell fragility that results in cell breakage even at low levels of turbulence. The microalgae assayed did not show any cell breakage even at energy dissipation rates (EDR) around 10(12)Wm(-3), implausible in culture devices. Conversely, animal cells, tested for comparison purposes, showed high physical cell damage at average EDR levels of 10(7)Wm(-3). Besides, very short exposures to high levels of EDR promoted variations in the membrane fluidity of the microalgae assayed, which might trigger mechanosensory cellular mechanisms. Average EDR values of only about 4·10(5)Wm(-3) increased cell membrane fluidity in microalgae whereas, in animal cells, they did not.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - L López-Rosales
- Chemical Engineering Area, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - A Sánchez-Mirón
- Chemical Engineering Area, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - F García-Camacho
- Chemical Engineering Area, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - E Molina-Grima
- Chemical Engineering Area, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - J J Chalmers
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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López-Rosales L, García-Camacho F, Sánchez-Mirón A, Chisti Y. An optimal culture medium for growing Karlodinium veneficum : Progress towards a microalgal dinoflagellate-based bioprocess. ALGAL RES 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2015.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Hallenbeck PC, Grogger M, Mraz M, Veverka D. Building a better mousetrap II: using Design of Experiments with unconfounded ions to compare the growth of different microalgae. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 184:90-99. [PMID: 25465789 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2014] [Revised: 11/02/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A large number of unconfounded media variations were used with a Scheffe Mix Model to examine in an unambiguous fashion the effects of variations in six important ions; NH4(+), NO3(-), Na(+), K(+), PO4(-), and Cl(-), on the growth of Chlorella vulgaris. This allows several novel observations on media components, for example, the inhibitory effects of chloride, to be made. Using a side by side comparison, it is shown that two strains of Chlorella show significant physiological and functional differences brought out by this approach. Testing selected formulations with a diverse set of algae demonstrated different effects on both growth and cellular lipid content, in some cases driving significant lipid production. This suggests that future work using a larger portion of media composition space could lead to the development of novel media supporting maximal biomass production and lipid production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick C Hallenbeck
- Life Sciences Research Center, Department of Biology, United States Air Force Academy, 2355 Faculty Drive, USAF Academy, CO 80840, United States.
| | - Melanie Grogger
- Life Sciences Research Center, Department of Biology, United States Air Force Academy, 2355 Faculty Drive, USAF Academy, CO 80840, United States
| | - Megan Mraz
- Life Sciences Research Center, Department of Biology, United States Air Force Academy, 2355 Faculty Drive, USAF Academy, CO 80840, United States
| | - Donald Veverka
- Life Sciences Research Center, Department of Biology, United States Air Force Academy, 2355 Faculty Drive, USAF Academy, CO 80840, United States
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Wu CC, Huang WJ, Ji BH. Degradation of cyanotoxin cylindrospermopsin by TiO2-assisted ozonation in water. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2015; 50:1116-1126. [PMID: 26191986 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2015.1047664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The stable tricyclic structure of the cylindrospermopsin (CYN), a cynotoxin, has presented several challenges to water treatment facilities, as conventional treatment methods have a limited ability to remove it from water. This study examines the effectiveness of titanium dioxide (TiO2) in catalytic ozonation for degrading CYN. The chemical kinetics of the reactions of ozone (O3) and hydroxyl radicals (OH(•)) with CYN were determined. The results reveal that TiO2 significantly increases the rate of degradation of CYN by increasing the rate of production of hydroxyl radicals (OH(•)) by initiating the decomposition of O3 on the surface of the catalyst. At a pH of 7 with 1.0 mg L(-1) O3 and 500 mg L(-1) TiO2; the pseudo-first-order ozone decomposition rate constant (k(D)) increased from 3.04 × 10(-3) to 16.53 × 10(-3) s(-1) and the ratio of OH(•) to O3 concentrations (R(ct)) increased from 1.87 × 10(-8) to 126.4 × 10(-8). The calculated second-order rate constant (k(overall)) of the reaction of CYN with O3 and OH(•) was 3.22 M(-1)s(-1) without TiO2. However, the greatest improvement in k(overall) in this study was observed using 500 mg TiO2 L(-1), which increased koverall by a factor of five. TiO2-catalyzed ozonation is an efficient method of oxidation that reduces the toxic activity of CYN. The results of a Microtox test concerning the toxic activity of CYN during oxidation reveal that catalytic ozonation may either increase or reduce the toxicity of CYN toward test samples. The toxic effects of CYN on the samples are greatly influenced by the TiO2 dosage and reaction time, possibly yielding by-products that may change the mutagenic properties of CYN. Three water samples from a eutrophic lake in Taiwan were examined to evaluate the effect of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and alkalinity on the oxidation of CYN. DOC had the greatest effect on the oxidation of CYN in the ozonation of eutrophic water. Overall, the degree of CYN oxidation depended on the rate constant of the reaction with ozone and the consumption of ozone by the natural water matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Chao Wu
- a Department of Environmental Engineering and Science, Feng Chia University , Taichung City , Taiwan
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Krajčovič J, Schwartzbach SD. Euglenoid flagellates: a multifaceted biotechnology platform. J Biotechnol 2014; 202:135-45. [PMID: 25527385 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2014.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2014] [Revised: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Euglenoid flagellates are mainly fresh water protists growing in highly diverse environments making them well-suited for a multiplicity of biotechnology applications. Phototrophic euglenids possesses complex chloroplasts of green algal origin bounded by three membranes. Euglena nuclear and plastid genome organization, gene structure and gene expression are distinctly different from other organisms. Our observations on the model organism Euglena gracilis indicate that transcription of both the plastid and nuclear genome is insensitive to environmental changes and that gene expression is regulated mainly at the post-transcriptional level. Euglena plastids have been proposed as a site for the production of proteins and value added metabolites of biotechnological interest. Euglena has been shown to be a suitable protist species to be used for production of several compounds that are used in the production of cosmeceuticals and nutraceuticals, such as α-tocopherol, wax esters, polyunsaturated fatty acids, biotin and tyrosine. The storage polysaccharide, paramylon, has immunostimulatory properties and has shown a promise for biomaterials production. Euglena biomass can be used as a nutritional supplement in aquaculture and in animal feed. Diverse applications of Euglena in environmental biotechnology include ecotoxicological risk assessment, heavy metal bioremediation, bioremediation of industrial wastewater and contaminated water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juraj Krajčovič
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Steven D Schwartzbach
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152-3560, USA
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Benstein RM, Cebi Z, Podola B, Melkonian M. Immobilized growth of the peridinin-producing marine dinoflagellate Symbiodinium in a simple biofilm photobioreactor. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2014; 16:621-628. [PMID: 24939718 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-014-9581-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Products from phototrophic dinoflagellates such as toxins or pigments are potentially important for applications in the biomedical sciences, especially in drug development. However, the technical cultivation of these organisms is often problematic due to their sensitivity to hydrodynamic (shear) stress that is a characteristic of suspension-based closed photobioreactors (PBRs). It is thus often thought that most species of dinoflagellates are non-cultivable at a technical scale. Recent advances in the development of biofilm PBRs that rely on immobilization of microalgae may hold potential to circumvent this major technical problem in dinoflagellate cultivation. In the present study, the dinoflagellate Symbiodinium voratum was grown immobilized on a Twin-Layer PBR for isolation of the carotenoid peridinin, an anti-cancerogenic compound. Biomass productivities ranged from 1.0 to 11.0 g m(-2) day(-1) dry matter per vertical growth surface and a maximal biomass yield of 114.5 g m(-2), depending on light intensity, supplementary CO2, and type of substrate (paper or polycarbonate membrane) used. Compared to a suspension culture, the performance of the Twin-Layer PBRs exhibited significantly higher growth rates and maximal biomass yield. In the Twin-Layer PBR a maximal peridinin productivity of 24 mg m(-2) day(-1) was determined at a light intensity of 74 μmol m(-2) s(-1), although the highest peridinin content per dry weight (1.7 % w/w) was attained at lower light intensities. The results demonstrate that a biofilm-based PBR that minimizes hydrodynamic shear forces is applicable to technical-scale cultivation of dinoflagellates and may foster biotechnological applications of these abundant marine protists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Maximilian Benstein
- Botanisches Institut, Biozentrum Köln, Universität zu Köln, Lehrstuhl 1, Zülpicher Str. 47 b, 50674, Köln, Germany
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Abstract
Drug discovery from marine organisms has been underway for > 60 years and there have been notable successes in discovering, developing and introducing clinical agents derived from marine sources. Such examples include: the analgesic ziconotide and the anti cancer compound trabectedin. However, in light of the pressing need for new drugs, particularly those with anti-infective and anticancer properties, there is strong justification for increased exploration of marine organisms as sources of novel compounds. This article considers approaches that might enhance our chances of delivering new medicines from marine-based drug discovery efforts. Consideration is given to the organisms and habitats deserving of more attention and how we might make best use of these marine genetic resources. In particular, the opportunities offered by synthetic biology are highlighted because these methods allow drug discoverers to explore pathways in 'non-culturable' species and turn on natural product biosynthesis genes that are difficult to activate under laboratory conditions (so-called 'silent' gene clusters).
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P Desbois
- University of Stirling, Institute of Aquaculture, School of Natural Sciences, Marine Biotechnology Group , Stirlingshire, FK9 4LA , UK +44 01786 467894 ; +44 01786 472133 ;
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Abstract
This review covers the literature published in 2012 for marine natural products, with 1035 citations (673 for the period January to December 2012) referring to compounds isolated from marine microorganisms and phytoplankton, green, brown and red algae, sponges, cnidarians, bryozoans, molluscs, tunicates, echinoderms, mangroves and other intertidal plants and microorganisms. The emphasis is on new compounds (1241 for 2012), together with the relevant biological activities, source organisms and country of origin. Biosynthetic studies, first syntheses, and syntheses that lead to the revision of structures or stereochemistries, have been included.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Blunt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.
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