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Zia S, Pizzuti V, Paris F, Alviano F, Bonsi L, Zattoni A, Reschiglian P, Roda B, Marassi V. Emerging technologies for quality control of cell-based, advanced therapy medicinal products. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 246:116182. [PMID: 38772202 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2024.116182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Advanced therapy medicinal products (ATMP) are complex medicines based on gene therapy, somatic cell therapy, and tissue engineering. These products are rapidly arising as novel and promising therapies for a wide range of different clinical applications. The process for the development of well-established ATMPs is challenging. Many issues must be considered from raw material, manufacturing, safety, and pricing to assure the quality of ATMPs and their implementation as innovative therapeutic tools. Among ATMPs, cell-based ATMPs are drugs altogether. As for standard drugs, technologies for quality control, and non-invasive isolation and production of cell-based ATMPs are then needed to ensure their rapidly expanding applications and ameliorate safety and standardization of cell production. In this review, emerging approaches and technologies for quality control of innovative cell-based ATMPs are described. Among new techniques, microfluid-based systems show advantages related to their miniaturization, easy implementation in analytical process and automation which allow for the standardization of the final product.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Valeria Pizzuti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Paris
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Alviano
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DiBiNem), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Laura Bonsi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Zattoni
- Stem Sel srl, Bologna, Italy; Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; National Institute of Biostructure and Biosystems (INBB), 00136 Rome, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Reschiglian
- Stem Sel srl, Bologna, Italy; Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; National Institute of Biostructure and Biosystems (INBB), 00136 Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Roda
- Stem Sel srl, Bologna, Italy; Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; National Institute of Biostructure and Biosystems (INBB), 00136 Rome, Italy.
| | - Valentina Marassi
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; National Institute of Biostructure and Biosystems (INBB), 00136 Rome, Italy
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Johanna I, Daudeij A, Devina F, Nijenhuis C, Nuijen B, Romberg B, de Haar C, Haanen J, Dolstra H, Bremer E, Sebestyen Z, Straetemans T, Jedema I, Kuball J. Basics of advanced therapy medicinal product development in academic pharma and the role of a GMP simulation unit. IMMUNO-ONCOLOGY TECHNOLOGY 2023; 20:100411. [PMID: 38192616 PMCID: PMC10772236 DOI: 10.1016/j.iotech.2023.100411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Following successes of authorized chimeric antigen receptor T-cell products being commercially marketed in the United States and European Union, product development of T-cell-based cancer immunotherapy consisting of cell-based advanced therapy medicinal products (ATMPs) has gained further momentum. Due to their complex characteristics, pharmacological properties of living cell products are, in contrast to classical biological drugs such as small molecules, more difficult to define. Despite the availability of many new advanced technologies that facilitate ATMP manufacturing, translation from research-grade to clinical-grade manufacturing in accordance with Good Manufacturing Practices (cGMP) needs a thorough product development process in order to maintain the same product characteristics and activity of the therapeutic product after full-scale clinical GMP production as originally developed within a research setting. The same holds true for transferring a fully developed GMP-grade production process between different GMP facilities. Such product development from the research to GMP-grade manufacturing and technology transfer processes of established GMP-compliant procedures between facilities are challenging. In this review, we highlight some of the main obstacles related to the product development, manufacturing process, and product analysis, as well as how these hinder rapid access to ATMPs. We elaborate on the role of academia, also referred to as 'academic pharma', and the added value of GMP production and GMP simulation facilities to keep innovation moving by reducing the development time and to keep final production costs reasonable.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. Johanna
- Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht
| | - A. Daudeij
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht
| | - F. Devina
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht
| | - C. Nijenhuis
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam
| | - B. Nuijen
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam
| | - B. Romberg
- Department of Pharmacy, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht
| | - C. de Haar
- Department of Pharmacy, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht
| | - J. Haanen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam
- Division of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam
| | - H. Dolstra
- Laboratory of Hematology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen
| | - E. Bremer
- Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Z. Sebestyen
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht
| | - T. Straetemans
- Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht
| | - I. Jedema
- Division of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam
| | - J. Kuball
- Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht
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Parihar A, Kumar A, Panda U, Khan R, Parihar DS, Khan R. Cryopreservation: A Comprehensive Overview, Challenges, and Future Perspectives. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2023; 7:e2200285. [PMID: 36755194 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202200285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Cryopreservation is the most prevalent method of long-term cell preservation. Effective cell cryopreservation depends on freezing, adequate storage, and correct thawing techniques. Recent advances in cryopreservation techniques minimize the cellular damage which occurs while processing samples. This article focuses on the fundamentals of cryopreservation techniques and how they can be implemented in a variety of clinical settings. The article presents a brief description of each of the standard cryopreservation procedures, such as slow freezing and vitrification. Alongside that, the membrane permeating and nonpermeating cryoprotectants are briefly discussed, along with current advancements in the field of cryopreservation and variables influencing the cryopreservation process. The diminution of cryoinjury incurred by the cell via the resuscitation process will also be highlighted. In the end application of cryopreservation techniques in many fields, with a special emphasis on stem cell preservation techniques and current advancements presented. Furthermore, the challenges while implementing cryopreservation and the futuristic scope of the fields are illustrated herein. The content of this review sheds light on various ways to enhance the output of the cell preservation process and minimize cryoinjury while improving cell revival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpana Parihar
- Industrial Waste Utilization, Nano and Biomaterials, CSIR-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI), Hoshangabad Road, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462026, India
| | - Avinash Kumar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Design & Manufacturing (IIITD&M), Kancheepuram, 600127, India
| | - Udwesh Panda
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Design & Manufacturing (IIITD&M), Kancheepuram, 600127, India
| | - Rukhsar Khan
- Department of Biosciences, Barkatullah University, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462026, India
| | | | - Raju Khan
- Industrial Waste Utilization, Nano and Biomaterials, CSIR-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI), Hoshangabad Road, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462026, India
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Hoang DM, Nguyen QT, Phan TT, Ngo AT, Pham PT, Bach TQ, Le PT, Bui HT, Thanh LN. Advanced cell-based products generated via automated and manual manufacturing platforms under the quality by design principle: Are they equivalent or different? Heliyon 2023; 9:e15946. [PMID: 37229156 PMCID: PMC10205494 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are multipotent stem cells that can be isolated from bone marrow, adipose tissue, the umbilical cord, dental pulp, etc. These cells have unique properties that give them excellent therapeutic potential, including immunoregulation, immunomodulation, and tissue regeneration functions. MSC-based products are considered advanced therapy medicinal products (ATMPs) under European regulations (1394/2007); thus, they must be manufactured under good manufacturing practices and via effective manufacturing methods. The former can be achieved via a proper laboratory design and compliance with manufacturing protocols, whereas the latter requires an approach that ensures that the quality of the products is consistent regardless of the manufacturing procedure. To meet these daunting requirements, this study proposes an exchangeable approach that combines optimized and equivalent manufacturing processes under the Quality by Design (QbD) principle, allowing investigators to convert from small laboratory-scale to large-scale manufacturing of MSC-based products for clinical applications without altering the quality and quantity of the cell-based products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duc M. Hoang
- Vinmec Research Institute of Stem Cell and Gene Technology, Vinmec Healthcare System, 458 Minh Khai, Hanoi 11622, Viet Nam
| | - Quyen T. Nguyen
- Vinmec Research Institute of Stem Cell and Gene Technology, Vinmec Healthcare System, 458 Minh Khai, Hanoi 11622, Viet Nam
| | - Trang T.K. Phan
- Vinmec Research Institute of Stem Cell and Gene Technology, Vinmec Healthcare System, 458 Minh Khai, Hanoi 11622, Viet Nam
| | - Anh T.L. Ngo
- Vinmec High Tech Center, Vinmec Healthcare System, 458 Minh Khai, Hanoi 11622, Viet Nam
| | - Phuong T. Pham
- Vinmec Research Institute of Stem Cell and Gene Technology, Vinmec Healthcare System, 458 Minh Khai, Hanoi 11622, Viet Nam
| | - Trung Q. Bach
- Vinmec Research Institute of Stem Cell and Gene Technology, Vinmec Healthcare System, 458 Minh Khai, Hanoi 11622, Viet Nam
| | - Phuong T.T. Le
- Vinmec Research Institute of Stem Cell and Gene Technology, Vinmec Healthcare System, 458 Minh Khai, Hanoi 11622, Viet Nam
| | - Hoa T.P. Bui
- Vinmec High Tech Center, Vinmec Healthcare System, 458 Minh Khai, Hanoi 11622, Viet Nam
| | - Liem Nguyen Thanh
- Vinmec Research Institute of Stem Cell and Gene Technology, Vinmec Healthcare System, 458 Minh Khai, Hanoi 11622, Viet Nam
- College of Health Science, Vin University, Vinhomes Ocean Park, Gia Lam District, Hanoi 12400, Viet Nam
- Vinmec International Hospital – Times City, Vinmec Healthcare System, 458 Minh Khai, Hanoi 11622, Viet Nam
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Effects of Ginsenoside Rg1 on the Biological Behavior of Human Amnion-Derived Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells (hAD-MSCs). Stem Cells Int 2023; 2023:7074703. [PMID: 36845966 PMCID: PMC9946746 DOI: 10.1155/2023/7074703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Ginsenoside Rg1 (Rg1) is purified from ginseng with various pharmacological effects, which might facilitate the biological behavior of human amnion-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (hAD-MSCs). This study is aimed at investigating the effects of Rg1 on the biological behavior, such as viability, proliferation, apoptosis, senescence, migration, and paracrine, of hAD-MSCs. hAD-MSCs were isolated from human amnions. The effects of Rg1 on the viability, proliferation, apoptosis, senescence, migration, and paracrine of hAD-MSCs were detected by CCK-8, EdU, flow cytometry, SA-β-Gal staining, wound healing, and ELISA assays, respectively. The protein expression levels were detected by western blot. Cell cycle distribution was evaluated using flow cytometry. We found that Rg1 promoted hAD-MSC cycle progression from G0/G1 to S and G2/M phases and significantly increased hAD-MSC proliferation rate. Rg1 activated PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and significantly upregulated the expressions of cyclin D, cyclin E, CDK4, and CDK2 in hAD-MSCs. Inhibition of PI3K/AKT signaling significantly downregulated the expressions of cyclin D, cyclin E, CDK4, and CDK2, prevented cell cycle progression, and reduced hAD-MSC proliferation induced by Rg1. hAD-MSC senescence rate was significantly increased by D-galactose, while the elevated hAD-MSC senescence rate induced by D-galactose was significantly decreased by Rg1 treatment. D-galactose significantly induced the expressions of senescence markers, p16INK4a, p14ARF, p21CIP1, and p53 in hAD-MSCs, while Rg1 significantly reduced the expressions of those markers induced by D-galactose in hAD-MSCs. Rg1 significantly promoted the secretion of IGF-I in hAD-MSCs. Rg1 reduced the hAD-MSC apoptosis rate. However, the difference was not significant. Rg1 had no influence on hAD-MSC migration. Altogether, our results demonstrate that Rg1 can promote the viability, proliferation, and paracrine and relieve the senescence of hAD-MSCs. PI3K/AKT signaling pathway is involved in the promotive effect of Rg1 on hAD-MSC proliferation. The protective effect of Rg1 on hAD-MSC senescence may be achieved via the downregulation of p16INK4A and p53/p21CIP1 pathway.
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Bowles-Welch AC, Jimenez AC, Stevens HY, Frey Rubio DA, Kippner LE, Yeago C, Roy K. Mesenchymal stromal cells for bone trauma, defects, and disease: Considerations for manufacturing, clinical translation, and effective treatments. Bone Rep 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2023.101656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
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Maillot C, De Isla N, Loubiere C, Toye D, Olmos E. Impact of microcarrier concentration on mesenchymal stem cell growth and death: Experiments and modelling. Biotechnol Bioeng 2022; 119:3537-3548. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.28228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Maillot
- Laboratoire Reactions et Genie des ProcedesUniversite de LorraineCNRS UMR 7274NancyFrance
- Ingenierie Moleculaire et Physiopathologie ArticulaireUniversite de LorraineCNRS UMR 736554500Vandoeuvre‐les‐NancyFrance
| | | | - Celine Loubiere
- Laboratoire Reactions et Genie des ProcedesUniversite de LorraineCNRS UMR 7274NancyFrance
| | - Dominique Toye
- Ingenierie Moleculaire et Physiopathologie ArticulaireUniversite de LorraineCNRS UMR 736554500Vandoeuvre‐les‐NancyFrance
| | - Eric Olmos
- Laboratoire Reactions et Genie des ProcedesUniversite de LorraineCNRS UMR 7274NancyFrance
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Product Environment and Processes (PEPs)Universite de LiegeLiegeBelgium
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Cheng J, Sun Y, Ma Y, Ao Y, Hu X, Meng Q. Engineering of MSC-Derived Exosomes: A Promising Cell-Free Therapy for Osteoarthritis. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12080739. [PMID: 36005656 PMCID: PMC9413347 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12080739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is characterized by progressive cartilage degeneration with increasing prevalence and unsatisfactory treatment efficacy. Exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells play an important role in alleviating OA by promoting cartilage regeneration, inhibiting synovial inflammation and mediating subchondral bone remodeling without the risk of immune rejection and tumorigenesis. However, low yield, weak activity, inefficient targeting ability and unpredictable side effects of natural exosomes have limited their clinical application. At present, various approaches have been applied in exosome engineering to regulate their production and function, such as pretreatment of parental cells, drug loading, genetic engineering and surface modification. Biomaterials have also been proved to facilitate efficient delivery of exosomes and enhance treatment effectiveness. Here, we summarize the current understanding of the biogenesis, isolation and characterization of natural exosomes, and focus on the large-scale production and preparation of engineered exosomes, as well as their therapeutic potential in OA, thus providing novel insights into exploring advanced MSC-derived exosome-based cell-free therapy for the treatment of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Cheng
- Department of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Institute of Sports Medicine of Peking University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Beijing 100191, China; (J.C.); (Y.M.); (Y.A.)
| | - Yixin Sun
- Peking Unversity First Hospital, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100034, China;
| | - Yong Ma
- Department of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Institute of Sports Medicine of Peking University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Beijing 100191, China; (J.C.); (Y.M.); (Y.A.)
| | - Yingfang Ao
- Department of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Institute of Sports Medicine of Peking University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Beijing 100191, China; (J.C.); (Y.M.); (Y.A.)
| | - Xiaoqing Hu
- Department of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Institute of Sports Medicine of Peking University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Beijing 100191, China; (J.C.); (Y.M.); (Y.A.)
- Correspondence: (X.H.); (Q.M.); Tel.: +86-010-8226-5680 (Q.M.)
| | - Qingyang Meng
- Department of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Institute of Sports Medicine of Peking University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Beijing 100191, China; (J.C.); (Y.M.); (Y.A.)
- Correspondence: (X.H.); (Q.M.); Tel.: +86-010-8226-5680 (Q.M.)
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Rivera-Ordaz A, Peli V, Manzini P, Barilani M, Lazzari L. Critical Analysis of cGMP Large-Scale Expansion Process in Bioreactors of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells in the Framework of Quality by Design. BioDrugs 2021; 35:693-714. [PMID: 34727354 PMCID: PMC8561684 DOI: 10.1007/s40259-021-00503-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) are manufactured as advanced therapy medicinal products for tissue replacement applications. With this aim, the feasibility of hiPSC large-scale expansion in existing bioreactor systems under current good manufacturing practices (cGMP) has been tested. Yet, these attempts have lacked a paradigm shift in culture settings and technologies tailored to hiPSCs, which jeopardizes their clinical translation. The best approach for industrial scale-up of high-quality hiPSCs is to design their manufacturing process by following quality-by-design (QbD) principles: a scientific, risk-based framework for process design based on relating product and process attributes to product quality. In this review, we analyzed the hiPSC expansion manufacturing process implementing the QbD approach in the use of bioreactors, stressing the decisive role played by the cell quantity, quality and costs, drawing key QbD concepts directly from the guidelines of the International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Araceli Rivera-Ordaz
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine-Cell Factory, Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via F. Sforza 35, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Peli
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine-Cell Factory, Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via F. Sforza 35, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Manzini
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine-Cell Factory, Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via F. Sforza 35, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Mario Barilani
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine-Cell Factory, Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via F. Sforza 35, 20122, Milan, Italy.
| | - Lorenza Lazzari
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine-Cell Factory, Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via F. Sforza 35, 20122, Milan, Italy
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