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Jayathilaka EHTT, Edirisinghe SL, De Zoysa M, Nikapitiya C. Exosomes derived from olive flounders infected with Streptococcus parauberis: Proteomic analysis, immunomodulation, and disease resistance capacity. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 148:109478. [PMID: 38452957 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant Streptococcus parauberis causes high fish mortality in aquaculture, necessitating an urgent need for innovative control strategies. This study aimed to develop an immunizing agent against S. parauberis using exosomes isolated from the plasma of olive flounders infected experimentally with S. parauberis (Sp-Exo). Initially, we tested the in vitro immunomodulatory effect of Sp-Exo in murine macrophage RAW264.7 cells and compared it to that of exosomes isolated from naïve fish (PBS-Exo-treated). Notably, Sp-Exo treatment significantly (p < 0.05) upregulated pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines (Il1β, Tnfα, and Il10), antimicrobial peptide, defensin isoforms (Def-rs2 and Def-ps1), and antiviral (Ifnβ1 and Isg15) genes. In vivo studies in larval and adult zebrafish revealed similar patterns of immunomodulation. Furthermore, larval and adult zebrafish exhibited significantly (p < 0.05) enhanced resistance to S. parauberis infection following treatment with Sp-Exo compared to that with PBS-Exo. Proteomic analysis using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) approach revealed the presence of 77 upregulated and 94 downregulated differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in Sp-Exo, with 22 and 37 significantly (p < 0.05) upregulated and downregulated DEPs, respectively. Gene Ontology, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes, and Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins analyses revealed that these genes are associated with key pathways, such as innate immune responses, complement system, acute phase responses, phospholipid efflux, and chylomicron remodeling. In conclusion, Sp-Exo demonstrated superior immunomodulatory activity and significant resistance against S. parauberis infection relative to that on treatment with PBS-Exo. Proteomic analysis further verified that most DEPs in Sp-Exo were associated with immune induction or modulation. These findings highlight the potential of Sp-Exo as a promising vaccine candidate against S. parauberis and other bacterial infections in olive flounder.
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Affiliation(s)
- E H T Thulshan Jayathilaka
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Shan Lakmal Edirisinghe
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Mahanama De Zoysa
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chamilani Nikapitiya
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea.
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Liu C, Yazdani N, Moran CS, Salomon C, Seneviratne CJ, Ivanovski S, Han P. Unveiling clinical applications of bacterial extracellular vesicles as natural nanomaterials in disease diagnosis and therapeutics. Acta Biomater 2024; 180:18-45. [PMID: 38641182 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2024.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Bacterial extracellular vesicles (BEVs) are naturally occurring bioactive membrane-bound nanoparticles released by both gram-negative and gram-positive bacterial species, exhibiting a multifaceted role in mediating host-microbe interactions across various physiological conditions. Increasing evidence supports BEVs as essential mediators of cell-to-cell communicaiton, influencing bacterial pathogenicity, disease mechanisms, and modulating the host immune response. However, the extent to which these BEV-mediated actions can be leveraged to predict disease onset, guide treatment strategies, and determine clinical outcomes remains uncertain, particularly in terms of their clinical translation potentials. This review briefly describes BEV biogenesis and their internalisation by recipient cells and summarises methods for isolation and characterization, essential for understanding their composition and cargo. Further, it discusses the potential of biofluid-associated BEVs as biomarkers for various diseases, spanning both cancer and non-cancerous conditions. Following this, we outline the ongoing human clinical trials of using BEVs for vaccine development. In addition to disease diagnostics, this review explores the emerging research of using natural or engineered BEVs as smart nanomaterials for applications in anti-cancer therapy and bone regeneration. This discussion extends to key factors for unlocking the clinical potential of BEVs, such as standardization of BEV isolation and characterisation, as well as other hurdles in translating these findings to the clinical setting. We propose that addressing these hurdles through collaborative research efforts and well-designed clinical trials holds the key to fully harnessing the clinical potential of BEVs. As this field advances, this review suggests that BEV-based nanomedicine has the potential to revolutionize disease management, paving the way for innovative diagnosis, therapeutics, and personalized medicine approaches. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) from both host cells and bacteria serve as multifunctional biomaterials and are emerging in the fields of biomedicine, bioengineering, and biomaterials. However, the majority of current studies focus on host-derived EVs, leaving a gap in comprehensive research on bacteria-derived EVs (BEVs). Although BEVs offer an attractive option as nanomaterials for drug delivery systems, their unique nanostructure and easy-to-modify functions make them a potential method for disease diagnosis and treatment as well as vaccine development. Our work among the pioneering studies investigating the potential of BEVs as natural nanobiomaterials plays a crucial role in both understanding the development of diseases and therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Liu
- The University of Queensland, School of Dentistry, Centre for Oralfacial Regeneration, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction (COR3), Epigenetics Nanodiagnostic and Therapeutic Group, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Negar Yazdani
- The University of Queensland, School of Dentistry, Centre for Oralfacial Regeneration, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction (COR3), Epigenetics Nanodiagnostic and Therapeutic Group, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Corey S Moran
- The University of Queensland, School of Dentistry, Centre for Oralfacial Regeneration, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction (COR3), Epigenetics Nanodiagnostic and Therapeutic Group, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Carlos Salomon
- Translational Extracellular Vesicles in Obstetrics and Gynae-Oncology Group, The University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4029 Australia
| | - Chaminda Jayampath Seneviratne
- The University of Queensland, School of Dentistry, Centre for Oralfacial Regeneration, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction (COR3), Epigenetics Nanodiagnostic and Therapeutic Group, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Sašo Ivanovski
- The University of Queensland, School of Dentistry, Centre for Oralfacial Regeneration, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction (COR3), Epigenetics Nanodiagnostic and Therapeutic Group, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia.
| | - Pingping Han
- The University of Queensland, School of Dentistry, Centre for Oralfacial Regeneration, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction (COR3), Epigenetics Nanodiagnostic and Therapeutic Group, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia.
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Hui B, Zhou C, Xu Y, Wang R, Dong Y, Zhou Y, Ding J, Zhang X, Xu J, Gu Y. Exosomes secreted by Fusobacterium nucleatum-infected colon cancer cells transmit resistance to oxaliplatin and 5-FU by delivering hsa_circ_0004085. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:62. [PMID: 38360615 PMCID: PMC10867993 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02331-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A large number of Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn) are present in colorectal cancer (CRC) tissues of patients who relapse after chemotherapy, and Fn has been reported to promote oxaliplatin and 5-FU chemoresistance in CRC. Pathogens such as bacteria and parasites stimulate exosome production in tumor cells, and the regulatory mechanism of exosomal circRNA in the transmission of oxaliplatin and 5-FU chemotherapy resistance in Fn-infected CRC remains unclear. METHODS Hsa_circ_0004085 was screened by second-generation sequencing of CRC tissues. The correlation between hsa_circ_0004085 and patient clinical response to oxaliplatin/5-FU was analyzed. Exosome tracing experiments and live imaging systems were used to test the effect of Fn infection in CRC on the distribution of hsa_circ_0004085. Colony formation, ER tracking analysis and immunofluorescence were carried out to verify the regulatory effect of exosomes produced by Fn-infected CRC cells on chemotherapeutic resistance and ER stress. RNA pulldown, LC-MS/MS analysis and RIP were used to explore the regulatory mechanism of downstream target genes by hsa_circ_0004085. RESULTS First, we screened out hsa_circ_0004085 with abnormally high expression in CRC clinical samples infected with Fn and found that patients with high expression of hsa_circ_0004085 in plasma had a poor clinical response to oxaliplatin/5-FU. Subsequently, the circular structure of hsa_circ_0004085 was identified. Fn infection promoted hsa_circ_0004085 formation by hnRNP L and packaged hsa_circ_0004085 into exosomes by hnRNP A1. Exosomes produced by Fn-infected CRC cells transferred hsa_circ_0004085 between cells and delivered oxaliplatin/5-FU resistance to recipient cells by relieving ER stress. Hsa_circ_0004085 enhanced the stability of GRP78 mRNA by binding to RRBP1 and promoted the nuclear translocation of ATF6p50 to relieve ER stress. CONCLUSIONS Plasma levels of hsa_circ_0004085 are increased in colon cancer patients with intracellular Fn and are associated with a poor response to oxaliplatin/5-FU. Fn infection promoted hsa_circ_0004085 formation by hnRNP L and packaged hsa_circ_0004085 into exosomes by hnRNP A1. Exosomes secreted by Fn-infected CRC cells deliver hsa_circ_0004085 between cells. Hsa_circ_0004085 relieves ER stress in recipient cells by regulating GRP78 and ATF6p50, thereby delivering resistance to oxaliplatin and 5-FU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingqing Hui
- Department of Oncology and Cancer Rehabilitation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- The First Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chenchen Zhou
- Department of Oncology and Cancer Rehabilitation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- The First Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yetao Xu
- The First Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Oncology and Cancer Rehabilitation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- The First Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuwen Dong
- Department of Oncology and Cancer Rehabilitation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- The First Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yirui Zhou
- Department of Oncology and Cancer Rehabilitation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- The First Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Ding
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department of Oncology and Cancer Rehabilitation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
- The First Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yanhong Gu
- Department of Oncology and Cancer Rehabilitation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
- The First Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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Lozano-Iturbe V, Blanco-Agudín N, Vázquez-Espinosa E, Fernández-Vega I, Merayo-Lloves J, Vazquez F, Girón RM, Quirós LM. The Binding of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to Cystic Fibrosis Bronchial Epithelial Model Cells Alters the Composition of the Exosomes They Produce Compared to Healthy Control Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:895. [PMID: 38255969 PMCID: PMC10815301 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disease that causes dehydration of the surface of the airways, increasing lung infections, most frequently caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Exosomes are nanovesicles released by cells that play an essential role in intercellular communication, although their role during bacterial infections is not well understood. In this article, we analyze the alterations in exosomes produced by healthy bronchial epithelial and cystic fibrosis cell lines caused by the interaction with P. aeruginosa. The proteomic study detected alterations in 30% of the species analyzed. In healthy cells, they mainly involve proteins related to the extracellular matrix, cytoskeleton, and various catabolic enzymes. In CF, proteins related to the cytoskeleton and matrix, in addition to the proteasome. These differences could be related to the inflammatory response. A study of miRNAs detected alterations in 18% of the species analyzed. The prediction of their potential biological targets identified 7149 genes, regulated by up to 7 different miRNAs. The identification of their functions showed that they preferentially affected molecules involved in binding and catalytic activities, although with differences between cell types. In conclusion, this study shows differences in exosomes between CF and healthy cells that could be involved in the response to infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Lozano-Iturbe
- Department of Functional Biology, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; (V.L.-I.); (N.B.-A.); (F.V.)
- Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega, Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, University of Oviedo, 33012 Oviedo, Spain; (I.F.-V.); (J.M.-L.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Noelia Blanco-Agudín
- Department of Functional Biology, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; (V.L.-I.); (N.B.-A.); (F.V.)
- Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega, Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, University of Oviedo, 33012 Oviedo, Spain; (I.F.-V.); (J.M.-L.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Emma Vázquez-Espinosa
- Pneumology Service, Institute for Health Research (IP), Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, 28006 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Iván Fernández-Vega
- Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega, Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, University of Oviedo, 33012 Oviedo, Spain; (I.F.-V.); (J.M.-L.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Jesús Merayo-Lloves
- Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega, Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, University of Oviedo, 33012 Oviedo, Spain; (I.F.-V.); (J.M.-L.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Fernando Vazquez
- Department of Functional Biology, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; (V.L.-I.); (N.B.-A.); (F.V.)
- Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega, Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, University of Oviedo, 33012 Oviedo, Spain; (I.F.-V.); (J.M.-L.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Department of Microbiology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Rosa M. Girón
- Pneumology Service, Institute for Health Research (IP), Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, 28006 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Luis M. Quirós
- Department of Functional Biology, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; (V.L.-I.); (N.B.-A.); (F.V.)
- Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega, Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, University of Oviedo, 33012 Oviedo, Spain; (I.F.-V.); (J.M.-L.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
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Wang C, Li W, Shao L, Zhou A, Zhao M, Li P, Zhang Z, Wu J. Both extracellular vesicles from helicobacter pylori-infected cells and helicobacter pylori outer membrane vesicles are involved in gastric/extragastric diseases. Eur J Med Res 2023; 28:484. [PMID: 37932800 PMCID: PMC10626716 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01458-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as crucial mediators in the cross-talk between hosts and pathogens, playing a significant role in infectious diseases and cancers. Among these pathogens, Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a particularly important bacterium implicated in various gastrointestinal disorders, gastric cancers, and systemic illnesses. H. pylori achieves these effects by stimulating host cells to secrete EVs and generating internal outer membrane vesicles (OMVs). The EVs derived from H. pylori-infected host cells modulate inflammatory signaling pathways, thereby affecting cell proliferation, apoptosis, cytokine release, immune cell modification, and endothelial dysfunction, as well as disrupting cellular junctional structures and inducing cytoskeletal reorganization. In addition, OMVs isolated from H. pylori play a pivotal role in shaping subsequent immunopathological responses. These vesicles incite both inflammatory and immunosuppressive reactions within the host environment, facilitating pathogen evasion of host defenses and invasion of host cells. Despite this growing understanding, research involving H. pylori-derived EVs remains in its early stages across different domains. In this comprehensive review, we present recent advancements elucidating the contributions of EV components, such as non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) and proteins, to the pathogenesis of gastric and extragastric diseases. Furthermore, we highlight their potential utility as biomarkers, therapeutic targets, and vehicles for targeted delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyao Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, BeijingKey Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Disease, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenkun Li
- Department of Gastroenterology National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, BeijingKey Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Disease, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Linlin Shao
- Department of Gastroenterology National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, BeijingKey Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Disease, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Anni Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, BeijingKey Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Disease, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengran Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, BeijingKey Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Disease, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Gastroenterology National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, BeijingKey Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Disease, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, BeijingKey Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Disease, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, BeijingKey Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Disease, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China.
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Iyaswamy A, Lu K, Guan XJ, Kan Y, Su C, Liu J, Jaganathan R, Vasudevan K, Paul J, Thakur A, Li M. Impact and Advances in the Role of Bacterial Extracellular Vesicles in Neurodegenerative Disease and Its Therapeutics. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2056. [PMID: 37509695 PMCID: PMC10377521 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11072056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial Extracellular Vesicles (BEVs) possess the capability of intracellular interactions with other cells, and, hence, can be utilized as an efficient cargo for worldwide delivery of therapeutic substances such as monoclonal antibodies, proteins, plasmids, siRNA, and small molecules for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs). BEVs additionally possess a remarkable capacity for delivering these therapeutics across the blood-brain barrier to treat Alzheimer's disease (AD). This review summarizes the role and advancement of BEVs for NDs, AD, and their treatment. Additionally, it investigates the critical BEV networks in the microbiome-gut-brain axis, their defensive and offensive roles in NDs, and their interaction with NDs. Furthermore, the part of BEVs in the neuroimmune system and their interference with ND, as well as the risk factors made by BEVs in the autophagy-lysosomal pathway and their potential outcomes on ND, are all discussed. To conclude, this review aims to gain a better understanding of the credentials of BEVs in NDs and possibly discover new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Iyaswamy
- Mr. & Mrs. Ko Chi-Ming Centre for Parkinson's Disease Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Biochemistry, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore 641021, India
| | - Kejia Lu
- Mr. & Mrs. Ko Chi-Ming Centre for Parkinson's Disease Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xin-Jie Guan
- Mr. & Mrs. Ko Chi-Ming Centre for Parkinson's Disease Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yuxuan Kan
- Mr. & Mrs. Ko Chi-Ming Centre for Parkinson's Disease Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chengfu Su
- Mr. & Mrs. Ko Chi-Ming Centre for Parkinson's Disease Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Mr. & Mrs. Ko Chi-Ming Centre for Parkinson's Disease Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ravindran Jaganathan
- Preclinical Department, Faculty of Medicine, Royal College of Medicine Perak, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Ipoh 30450, Malaysia
| | | | - Jeyakumari Paul
- Department of Physiology, Dr. ALM PG Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Chennai 600005, India
| | - Abhimanyu Thakur
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Min Li
- Mr. & Mrs. Ko Chi-Ming Centre for Parkinson's Disease Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Palanisamy CP, Pei J, Alugoju P, Anthikapalli NVA, Jayaraman S, Veeraraghavan VP, Gopathy S, Roy JR, Janaki CS, Thalamati D, Mironescu M, Luo Q, Miao Y, Chai Y, Long Q. New strategies of neurodegenerative disease treatment with extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Theranostics 2023; 13:4138-4165. [PMID: 37554286 PMCID: PMC10405853 DOI: 10.7150/thno.83066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by the progressive loss of neurons and intricate interactions between different cell types within the affected regions. Reliable biomarkers that can accurately reflect disease activity, diagnose, and monitor the progression of neurodegenerative diseases are crucial for the development of effective therapies. However, identifying suitable biomarkers has been challenging due to the heterogeneous nature of these diseases, affecting specific subsets of neurons in different brain regions. One promising approach for promoting brain regeneration and recovery involves the transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). MSCs have demonstrated the ability to modulate the immune system, promote neurite outgrowth, stimulate angiogenesis, and repair damaged tissues, partially through the release of their extracellular vesicles (EVs). MSC-derived EVs retain some of the therapeutic characteristics of their parent MSCs, including their ability to regulate neurite outgrowth, promote angiogenesis, and facilitate tissue repair. This review aims to explore the potential of MSC-derived EVs as an emerging therapeutic strategy for neurodegenerative diseases, highlighting their role in modulating disease progression and promoting neuronal recovery. By elucidating the mechanisms by which MSC-derived EVs exert their therapeutic effects, we can advance our understanding and leverage their potential for the development of novel treatment approaches in the field of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chella Perumal Palanisamy
- Mini-invasive Neurosurgery and Translational Medical Center, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 161, West 5th Road, Xincheng District, Xi'an, 710003, PR China
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India
| | - JinJin Pei
- Qinba State Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecological Environment, 2011 QinLing-Bashan Mountains Bioresources Comprehensive Development C. I. C, Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources, College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723001, China
| | - Phaniendra Alugoju
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | | | - Selvaraj Jayaraman
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India
| | - Vishnu Priya Veeraraghavan
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India
| | - Sridevi Gopathy
- Department of Physiology, SRM Dental College, Ramapuram campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600089, India
| | - Jeane Rebecca Roy
- Department of Anatomy, Bhaarath Medical College and hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research (BIHER), Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600073, India
| | - Coimbatore Sadagopan Janaki
- Department of Anatomy, Bhaarath Medical College and hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research (BIHER), Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600073, India
| | | | - Monica Mironescu
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences Food Industry and Environmental Protection, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, Bv. Victoriei 10, 550024 Sibiu, Romania
| | - Qiang Luo
- Mini-invasive Neurosurgery and Translational Medical Center, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 161, West 5th Road, Xincheng District, Xi'an, 710003, PR China
| | - Yu Miao
- Mini-invasive Neurosurgery and Translational Medical Center, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 161, West 5th Road, Xincheng District, Xi'an, 710003, PR China
| | - Yuan Chai
- Mini-invasive Neurosurgery and Translational Medical Center, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 161, West 5th Road, Xincheng District, Xi'an, 710003, PR China
| | - Qianfa Long
- Mini-invasive Neurosurgery and Translational Medical Center, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 161, West 5th Road, Xincheng District, Xi'an, 710003, PR China
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8
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Efimova AS, Antipenko ID, Evtushenko EA, Balan PV, Tonevitskaya SA. Effect of IGFBP6 Knockdown on Proteins Regulating Exosome Synthesis and Secretion in MDA-MB-231 Cell Line. Bull Exp Biol Med 2023:10.1007/s10517-023-05828-9. [PMID: 37336811 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-023-05828-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
One of the potential causes of cancer recurrence is disruption of the cell-cell communication in the primary tumors that is realized, among other things, through secretion and uptake of exosomes by cells. Low expression of the IGFBP6 gene (insulin-like growth factor binding protein 6) is associated with a high recurrence rate and can serve as a prognostic marker of luminal breast cancer. The knockdown of the IGFBP6 gene leads to significant changes in lipid metabolism. We performed a quantitative analysis of both exosomes and proteins involved in the mechanism of their biogenesis. Changes in the expression profile of mRNAs and their proteins responsible for the synthesis and secretion of exosomes were revealed. We showed a decrease in the expression of the of the VPS28 gene mRNA (vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 28) and the corresponding protein by 2.3 and 5.6 times, respectively. The secretion of exosomes by MDA-MB-231 cells with IGFBP6 knockdown decreased by 2 times. We discussed a mechanism of disruption of cell-cell communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Efimova
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnologies, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia.
| | - I D Antipenko
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnologies, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
| | - E A Evtushenko
- Faculty of Biology, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - P V Balan
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnologies, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
| | - S A Tonevitskaya
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnologies, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
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9
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Gonçalves D, Pinto SN, Fernandes F. Extracellular Vesicles and Infection: From Hijacked Machinery to Therapeutic Tools. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1738. [PMID: 37376186 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15061738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) comprise a broad range of secreted cell-derived membrane vesicles. Beyond their more well-characterized role in cell communication, in recent years, EVs have also been shown to play important roles during infection. Viruses can hijack the biogenesis of exosomes (which are small EVs) to promote viral spreading. Additionally, these exosomes are also important mediators in inflammation and immune responses during both bacterial and viral infections. This review summarizes these mechanisms while also describing the impact of bacterial EVs in regulating immune responses. Finally, the review also focuses on the potential and challenges of using EVs, in particular, to tackle infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Gonçalves
- iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences and i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sandra N Pinto
- iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences and i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Fábio Fernandes
- iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences and i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
- Bioengineering Department, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
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10
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The exosome: a review of current therapeutic roles and capabilities in human reproduction. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2023; 13:473-502. [PMID: 35980542 PMCID: PMC9794547 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-022-01225-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes are nano-vesicles (30-150 nm) which may be useful as therapeutic delivery vehicles and as diagnostic biomarkers. Exosomes are produced naturally within the human body and therefore are not prone to immunogenicity effects which would otherwise destroy unelicited foreign bodies. Clinically, they have been regarded as ideal candidates for applications relating to biomarker developments for the early detection of different diseases. Furthermore, exosomes may be of interest as potential drug delivery vehicles, which may improve factors such as bioavailability of loaded molecular cargo, side effect profiles, off-target effects, and pharmacokinetics of drug molecules. In this review, the therapeutic potential of exosomes and their use as clinical biomarkers for early diagnostics will be explored, alongside exosomes as therapeutic delivery vehicles. This review will evaluate techniques for cargo loading, and the capacity of loaded exosomes to improve various reproductive disease states. It becomes important, therefore, to consider factors such as loading efficiency, loading methods, cell viability, exosomal sources, exosome isolation, and the potential therapeutic benefits of exosomes. Issues related to targeted drug delivery will also be discussed. Finally, the variety of therapeutic cargo and the application of appropriate loading methods is explored, in the context of establishing clinical utility. Exosomes have more recently been widely accpeted as potential tools for disease diagnostics and the targeted delivery of certain therapeutic molecules-and in due time exosomes will be utilised more commonly within the clinical setting. Specifically, exosomal biomarkers can be identified and related to various detrimental conditions which occur during pregnancy. Considering, this review will explore the potential future of exosomes as both diagnostic tools and therapeutic delivery vehicles to treat related conditions, including the challenges which exist towards incorporating exosomes within the clinical environment to benefit patients.
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11
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Involvement of Bacterial Extracellular Membrane Nanovesicles in Infectious Diseases and Their Application in Medicine. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14122597. [PMID: 36559091 PMCID: PMC9784355 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial extracellular membrane nanovesicles (EMNs) are attracting the attention of scientists more and more every year. These formations are involved in the pathogenesis of numerous diseases, among which, of course, the leading role is occupied by infectious diseases, the causative agents of which are a range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. A separate field for the study of the role of EMN is cancer. Extracellular membrane nanovesicles nowadays have a practical application as vaccine carriers for immunization against many infectious diseases. At present, the most essential point is their role in stimulating immune response to bacterial infections and tumor cells. The possibility of nanovesicles' practical use in several disease treatments is being evaluated. In our review, we listed diseases, focusing on their multitude and diversity, for which EMNs are essential, and also considered in detail the possibilities of using EMNs in the therapy and prevention of various pathologies.
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12
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Keshtkar S, Soleimanian S, Kaviani M, Sarvestani FS, Azarpira N, Asvar Z, Pakbaz S. Immune Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in the Face of Pathogenic Infections. Front Immunol 2022; 13:906078. [PMID: 35844564 PMCID: PMC9279736 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.906078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) are a collection of vesicles released from cells that play an important role in intercellular communication. Microbial infections are known as one of the major problems in the medical field. Considering the increasing resistance of strains to routine drug treatments, the need for new therapies seems to be more than ever. Recent studies have shown that the EVs released from immune cells during microbial infections had anti-microbial effects or were able to induce neighbouring cells to display anti-microbial effects. This mini-review aimed to explore the latest studies on immune cell-derived EVs in viral, bacterial, fungal, and parasitic infections. Review of the literature demonstrated that specific cargos in EVs were involved in the fight against pathogenic infections. Additionally, the transport of appropriate bioactive molecules including miRNAs, mRNAs, and proteins via EVs could mediate the anti-microbial process. Thus, it could be a proof-of-principle that therapeutic approaches based on EVs derived from immune cells could offer a promising path forward, which is still in early stages and needs further assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Keshtkar
- Autophagy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Molecular Dermatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Saeede Soleimanian
- Allergy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Kaviani
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Negar Azarpira
- Autophagy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- *Correspondence: Negar Azarpira,
| | - Zahra Asvar
- Nanotechnology School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sara Pakbaz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
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13
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Fabrication of Rechargeable Photoactive Silk Fibroin/Polyvinyl Alcohol Blend Nanofibrous Membranes for Killing Bacteria. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14122499. [PMID: 35746075 PMCID: PMC9231010 DOI: 10.3390/polym14122499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibacterial materials that prevent bacterial infections and mitigate bacterial virulence have attracted great scientific interest. In recent decades, bactericidal polymers have been presented as promising candidates to combat bacterial pathogens. However, the preparation of such materials has proven to be extremely challenging. Herein, photoactive silk fibroin/polyvinyl alcohol blended nanofibrous membranes grafted with 3,3’,4,4’-benzophenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride (G-SF/PVA BNM) were fabricated by an electrospinning technique. The premise of this work is that the G-SF/PVA BNM can store photoactive activity under light irradiation and release reactive oxygen species for killing bacteria under dark conditions. The results showed that the resultant G-SF/PVA BNM exhibited the integrated properties of an ultrathin fiber diameter (298 nm), good mechanical properties, robust photoactive activity and photo-store capacity, and great photoinduced antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus (99.999% bacterial reduction with 120 min). The successful construction of blended nanofibrous membranes gives a new possibility to the design of highly efficient antibacterial materials for public health protection.
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14
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Lokossou GAG, Kouakanou L, Schumacher A, Zenclussen AC. Human Breast Milk: From Food to Active Immune Response With Disease Protection in Infants and Mothers. Front Immunol 2022; 13:849012. [PMID: 35450064 PMCID: PMC9016618 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.849012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Breastfeeding is associated with long-term wellbeing including low risks of infectious diseases and non-communicable diseases such as asthma, cancer, autoimmune diseases and obesity during childhood. In recent years, important advances have been made in understanding the human breast milk (HBM) composition. Breast milk components such as, non-immune and immune cells and bioactive molecules, namely, cytokines/chemokines, lipids, hormones, and enzymes reportedly play many roles in breastfed newborns and in mothers, by diseases protection and shaping the immune system of the newborn. Bioactive components in HBM are also involved in tolerance and appropriate inflammatory response of breastfed infants if necessary. This review summarizes the current literature on the relationship between mother and her infant through breast milk with regard to disease protection. We will shed some light on the mechanisms underlying the roles of breast milk components in the maintenance of health of both child and mother.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gatien A. G. Lokossou
- Research Unit in Applied Microbiology and Pharmacology of Natural Substances, Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi, Department Human Biology Engineering, University of Abomey-Calavi, Abomey-Calavi, Benin
| | - Léonce Kouakanou
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Anne Schumacher
- Department of Environmental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research and Perinatal Immunology, Saxonian Incubator for Clinical Translation, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ana C. Zenclussen
- Department of Environmental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research and Perinatal Immunology, Saxonian Incubator for Clinical Translation, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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15
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Commensal and Pathogenic Bacterial-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Host-Bacterial and Interbacterial Dialogues: Two Sides of the Same Coin. J Immunol Res 2022; 2022:8092170. [PMID: 35224113 PMCID: PMC8872691 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8092170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) cause effective changes in various domains of life. These bioactive structures are essential to the bidirectional organ communication. Recently, increasing research attention has been paid to EVs derived from commensal and pathogenic bacteria in their potential role to affect human disease risk for cancers and a variety of metabolic, gastrointestinal, psychiatric, and mental disorders. The present review presents an overview of both the protective and harmful roles of commensal and pathogenic bacteria-derived EVs in host-bacterial and interbacterial interactions. Bacterial EVs could impact upon human health by regulating microbiota–host crosstalk intestinal homeostasis, even in distal organs. The importance of vesicles derived from bacteria has been also evaluated regarding epigenetic modifications and applications. Generally, the evaluation of bacterial EVs is important towards finding efficient strategies for the prevention and treatment of various human diseases and maintaining metabolic homeostasis.
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16
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Elashiry M, Elsayed R, Cutler CW. Exogenous and Endogenous Dendritic Cell-Derived Exosomes: Lessons Learned for Immunotherapy and Disease Pathogenesis. Cells 2021; 11:cells11010115. [PMID: 35011677 PMCID: PMC8750541 DOI: 10.3390/cells11010115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune therapeutic exosomes, derived exogenously from dendritic cells (DCs), the 'directors' of the immune response, are receiving favorable safety and tolerance profiles in phase I and II clinical trials for a growing number of inflammatory and neoplastic diseases. DC-derived exosomes (EXO), the focus of this review, can be custom tailored with immunoregulatory or immunostimulatory molecules for specific immune cell targeting. Moreover, the relative stability, small size and rapid uptake of EXO by recipient immune cells offer intriguing options for therapeutic purposes. This necessitates an in-depth understanding of mechanisms of EXO biogenesis, uptake and routing by recipient immune cells, as well as their in vivo biodistribution. Against this backdrop is recognition of endogenous exosomes, secreted by all cells, the molecular content of which is reflective of the metabolic state of these cells. In this regard, exosome biogenesis and secretion is regulated by cell stressors of chronic inflammation and tumorigenesis, including dysbiotic microbes, reactive oxygen species and DNA damage. Such cell stressors can promote premature senescence in young cells through the senescence associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Pathological exosomes of the SASP amplify inflammatory signaling in stressed cells in an autocrine fashion or promote inflammatory signaling to normal neighboring cells in paracrine, without the requirement of cell-to-cell contact. In summary, we review relevant lessons learned from the use of exogenous DC exosomes for immune therapy, as well as the pathogenic potential of endogenous DC exosomes.
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17
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Keshavarz Alikhani H, Shokoohian B, Rezasoltani S, Hossein-Khannazer N, Yadegar A, Hassan M, Vosough M. Application of Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles as an Innovative Theranostics in Microbial Diseases. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:785856. [PMID: 34917064 PMCID: PMC8669997 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.785856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), as nano-/micro-scale vehicles, are membranous particles containing various cargoes including peptides, proteins, different types of RNAs and other nucleic acids, and lipids. These vesicles are produced by all cell types, in which stem cells are a potent source for them. Stem cell-derived EVs could be promising platforms for treatment of infectious diseases and early diagnosis. Infectious diseases are responsible for more than 11 million deaths annually. Highly transmissible nature of some microbes, such as newly emerged severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), drives researcher's interest to set up different strategies to develop novel therapeutic strategies. Recently, EVs-based diagnostic and therapeutic approaches have been launched and gaining momentum very fast. The efficiency of stem cell-derived EVs on treatment of clinical complications of different viruses and bacteria, such as SARS-CoV-2, hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli has been demonstrated. On the other hand, microbial pathogens are able to incorporate their components into their EVs. The microbe-derived EVs have different physiological and pathological impacts on the other organisms. In this review, we briefly discussed biogenesis and the fate of EVs. Then, EV-based therapy was described and recent developments in understanding the potential application of stem cell-derived EVs on pathogenic microorganisms were recapitulated. Furthermore, the mechanisms by which EVs were exploited to fight against infectious diseases were highlighted. Finally, the deriver challenges in translation of stem cell-derived EVs into the clinical arena were explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hani Keshavarz Alikhani
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahare Shokoohian
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sama Rezasoltani
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nikoo Hossein-Khannazer
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Yadegar
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Moustapha Hassan
- Experimental Cancer Medicine, Institution for Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Massoud Vosough
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research, Tehran, Iran.,Experimental Cancer Medicine, Institution for Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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18
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Arteaga-Blanco LA, Bou-Habib DC. The Role of Extracellular Vesicles from Human Macrophages on Host-Pathogen Interaction. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910262. [PMID: 34638604 PMCID: PMC8508751 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The nano-sized membrane enclosed extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by virtually all cell types play an essential role in intercellular communication via delivering bio-molecules, such as nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, and other molecules to recipient cells. By mediating an active and steady-state cell-to-cell communication, EVs contribute to regulating and preserving cellular homeostasis. On the other hand, EVs can also spread pathogen-derived molecules during infections, subverting the host immune responses during infections and thus worsening pathophysiological processes. In recent years, the biological functioning of EVs has become a widespread research field in basic and clinical branches of medical sciences due to their potential role in therapeutic applications for several diseases. This review aims to summarize the main recent findings regarding the implication of EVs shed by human macrophages (MΦ-EVs) and how they can modulate the host immune response to control or increase the damage caused by infectious agents. We will also present the methods used to describe MΦ-EVs, as well as the potential of these EVs as disease diagnostic tools for some human pathogens. We believe that an in-depth understanding of the host–pathogen interactions mediated by MΦ-EVs may trigger the development of innovative therapeutic strategies against infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis A. Arteaga-Blanco
- Laboratory on Thymus Research, Oswaldo Cruz Institute/Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
- Correspondence: (L.A.A.-B.); or (D.C.B.-H.)
| | - Dumith Chequer Bou-Habib
- Laboratory on Thymus Research, Oswaldo Cruz Institute/Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
- Correspondence: (L.A.A.-B.); or (D.C.B.-H.)
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19
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Zhao Z, Yang S, Zhou A, Li X, Fang R, Zhang S, Zhao G, Li P. Small Extracellular Vesicles in the Development, Diagnosis, and Possible Therapeutic Application of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:732702. [PMID: 34527593 PMCID: PMC8435888 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.732702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) persists among the most lethal and broad-spreading malignancies in China. The exosome is a kind of extracellular vesicle (EV) from about 30 to 200 nm in diameter, contributing to the transfer of specific functional molecules, such as metabolites, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. The paramount role of exosomes in the formation and development of ESCC, which relies on promoting intercellular communication in the tumor microenvironment (TME), is manifested with immense amounts. Tumor-derived exosomes (TDEs) participate in most hallmarks of ESCC, including tumorigenesis, invasion, angiogenesis, immunologic escape, metastasis, radioresistance, and chemoresistance. Published reports have delineated that exosome-encapsulated cargos like miRNAs may have utility in the diagnosis, as prognostic biomarkers, and in the treatment of ESCC. This review summarizes the function of exosomes in the neoplasia, progression, and metastasis of ESCC, which improves our understanding of the etiology and pathogenesis of ESCC, and presents a promising target for early diagnostics in ESCC. However, recent studies of exosomes in the treatment of ESCC are sparse. Thus, we introduce the advances in exosome-based methods and indicate the possible applications for ESCC therapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuyue Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Anni Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Fang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shutian Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Guiping Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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20
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Leiva F, Bravo S, Garcia KK, Moya J, Guzman O, Vidal R. Temporal Gene Expression Signature of Plasma Extracellular Vesicles-MicroRNAs from Post-Smolt Coho Salmon Challenged with Piscirickettsia salmonis. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 23:602-614. [PMID: 34390423 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-021-10049-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Piscirickettsiosis is the most important bacterial disease in the Chilean salmon industry, which has borne major economic losses due to failure to control it. Cells use extracellular vesicles (EVs) as an inter-cellular communicators to deliver several factors (e.g., microRNAs) that may regulate the responses of other cells. However, there is limited knowledge about the identification and characterization of EV-miRNAs in salmonids or the effect of infections on these. In this study, Illumina sequencing technology was used to identify Coho salmon plasma EV-miRNAs upon Piscirickettsia salmonis infection at four different time points. A total of 118 novels and 188 known EV-miRNAs, including key immune teleost miRNAs families (e.g., miR-146, miR-122), were identified. A total of 245 EV-miRNAs were detected as differentially expressed (FDR < 5%) in terms of control, with a clear down-regulation pattern throughout the disease. KEGG enrichment results of EV-miRNAs target genes showed that they were grouped mainly in cellular, stress, inflammation and immune responses. Therefore, it is hypothesized that P. salmonis could potentially benefit from unbalanced modulation response of Coho salmon EV-miRNAs in order to promote a hyper-inflammatory and compromised immune response through the suppression of different key immune host miRNAs during the course of the infection, as indicated by the results of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Leiva
- Laboratory of Molecular Ecology, Genomics and Evolutionary Studies, Department of Biology, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Scarlet Bravo
- Laboratory of Molecular Ecology, Genomics and Evolutionary Studies, Department of Biology, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Killen Ko Garcia
- Laboratory of Molecular Ecology, Genomics and Evolutionary Studies, Department of Biology, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Javier Moya
- Benchmark Animal Health Chile, Santa Rosa 560 Of.26, Puerto Varas, Chile
| | - Osiel Guzman
- IDEVAC SpA, Francisco Bilbao 1129 Of. 306, Osorno, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Vidal
- Laboratory of Molecular Ecology, Genomics and Evolutionary Studies, Department of Biology, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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21
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Sahu S, Sharma K, Sharma M, Narang T, Dogra S, Minz RW, Chhabra S. Neutrophil NETworking in ENL: Potential as a Putative Biomarker: Future Insights. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:697804. [PMID: 34336901 PMCID: PMC8316588 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.697804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL), also known as type 2 reaction (T2R) is an immune complex mediated (type III hypersensitivity) reactional state encountered in patients with borderline lepromatous and lepromatous leprosy (BL and LL) either before, during, or after the institution of anti-leprosy treatment (ALT). The consequences of ENL may be serious, leading to permanent nerve damage and deformities, constituting a major cause of leprosy-related morbidity. The incidence of ENL is increasing with the increasing number of multibacillary cases. Although the diagnosis of ENL is not difficult to make for physicians involved in the care of leprosy patients, its management continues to be a most challenging aspect of the leprosy eradication program: the chronic and recurrent painful skin lesions, neuritis, and organ involvement necessitates prolonged treatment with prednisolone, thalidomide, and anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive drugs, which further adds to the existing morbidity. In addition, the use of immunosuppressants like methotrexate, azathioprine, cyclosporine, or biologics carries a risk of reactivation of persisters (Mycobacterium leprae), apart from their own end-organ toxicities. Most ENL therapeutic guidelines are primarily designed for acute episodes and there is scarcity of literature on management of patients with chronic and recurrent ENL. It is difficult to predict which patients will develop chronic or recurrent ENL and plan the treatment accordingly. We need simple point-of-care or ELISA-based tests from blood or skin biopsy samples, which can help us in identifying patients who are likely to require prolonged treatment and also inform us about the prognosis of reactions so that appropriate therapy may be started and continued for better ENL control in such patients. There is a significant unmet need for research for better understanding the immunopathogenesis of, and biomarkers for, ENL to improve clinical stratification and therapeutics. In this review we will discuss the potential of neutrophils (polymorphonuclear granulocytes) as putative diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers by virtue of their universal abundance in human blood, functional versatility, phenotypic heterogeneity, metabolic plasticity, differential hierarchical cytoplasmic granule mobilization, and their ability to form NETs (neutrophil extracellular traps). We will touch upon the various aspects of neutrophil biology relevant to ENL pathophysiology in a step-wise manner. We also hypothesize about an element of metabolic reprogramming of neutrophils by M. leprae that could be investigated and exploited for biomarker discovery. In the end, a potential role for neutrophil derived exosomes as a novel biomarker for ENL will also be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smrity Sahu
- Department of Immunopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Keshav Sharma
- Department of Immunopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Maryada Sharma
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Tarun Narang
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sunil Dogra
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ranjana Walker Minz
- Department of Immunopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Seema Chhabra
- Department of Immunopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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22
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Guards! Guards! How innate lymphoid cells ensure local law and order. Biomed J 2021; 44:105-111. [PMID: 33994144 PMCID: PMC8178564 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2021.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This special issue of the Biomedical Journal is dedicated to the latest official recruits in the field of immunology: innate lymphoid cells, the tissue-resident sentinels and first responders to damage or invasion. Subsequently, we consider extracellular vesicle release during bacterial infection, how immunomodulation can avoid compromising Mycobacterium tuberculosis clearance, and how innate immunity jeopardises the organism during rheumatoid arthritis. Moreover, we ponder over the predictive value of cardiac troponin in influenza, the virtues of cashew nuts and bilirubin, as well as holes in the heart. Finally, we learn that mandibular movement during swallowing increases with the vertical dimension of occlusion, and that early controlled relaxation incisions restore the blood supply to the extremities in harlequin ichthyosis neonates.
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23
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Carr LE, Virmani MD, Rosa F, Munblit D, Matazel KS, Elolimy AA, Yeruva L. Role of Human Milk Bioactives on Infants' Gut and Immune Health. Front Immunol 2021; 12:604080. [PMID: 33643310 PMCID: PMC7909314 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.604080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Exclusive human milk feeding of the newborn is recommended during the first 6 months of life to promote optimal health outcomes during early life and beyond. Human milk contains a variety of bioactive factors such as hormones, cytokines, leukocytes, immunoglobulins, lactoferrin, lysozyme, stem cells, human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), microbiota, and microRNAs. Recent findings highlighted the potential importance of adding HMOs into infant formula for their roles in enhancing host defense mechanisms in neonates. Therefore, understanding the roles of human milk bioactive factors on immune function is critical to build the scientific evidence base around breastfeeding recommendations, and to enhance positive health outcomes in formula fed infants through modifications to formulas. However, there are still knowledge gaps concerning the roles of different milk components, the interactions between the different components, and the mechanisms behind health outcomes are poorly understood. This review aims to show the current knowledge about HMOs, milk microbiota, immunoglobulins, lactoferrin, and milk microRNAs (miRNAs) and how these could have similar mechanisms of regulating gut and microbiota function. It will also highlight the knowledge gaps for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E. Carr
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Misty D. Virmani
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Fernanda Rosa
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Daniel Munblit
- Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of Child's Health, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
- Inflammation, Repair and Development Section, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, National Heart and Lung Institute, London, United Kingdom
- Research and Clinical Center for Neuropsychiatry, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Ahmed A. Elolimy
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Laxmi Yeruva
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, United States
- Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, United States
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24
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Ni K, Wang C, Carnino JM, Jin Y. The Evolving Role of Caveolin-1: A Critical Regulator of Extracellular Vesicles. Med Sci (Basel) 2020; 8:medsci8040046. [PMID: 33158117 PMCID: PMC7712126 DOI: 10.3390/medsci8040046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that extracellular vesicles (EVs) play an essential role in mediating intercellular communication and inter-organ crosstalk both at normal physiological conditions and in the pathogenesis of human diseases. EV cargos are made up of a broad spectrum of molecules including lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids such as DNA, RNA, and microRNAs. The complex EV cargo composition is cell type-specific. A dynamic change in EV cargos occurs along with extracellular stimuli and a change in the pathophysiological status of the host. Currently, the underlying mechanisms by which EVs are formed and EV cargos are selected in the absence and presence of noxious stimuli and pathogens remain incompletely explored. The term EVs refers to a heterogeneous group of vesicles generated via different mechanisms. Some EVs are formed via direct membrane budding, while the others are produced through multivesicular bodies (MVBs) or during apoptosis. Despite the complexity of EV formation and EV cargo selection, recent studies suggest that caveolin-1, a well-known structural protein of caveolae, regulates the formation and cargo selection of some EVs, such as microvesicles (MVs). In this article, we will review the current understanding of this emerging and novel role of cav-1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yang Jin
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-617-358-1356; Fax: +1-617-536-8093
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