1
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Chen CC, Chang PY. Fecal miRNAs as potential biomarkers for early detection of colorectal cancer: An updated review. Biomed J 2024:100769. [PMID: 39025299 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2024.100769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Chun Chen
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Medical Laboratory, Administration Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Pi-Yueh Chang
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Administration Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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2
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McAuliffe T, Anderson JC, Larson RJ, Robertson DJ. Systematic scoping review: Use of the faecal immunochemical test residual buffer to enhance colorectal cancer screening. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2024; 59:1033-1048. [PMID: 38534182 DOI: 10.1111/apt.17947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The faecal immunochemical test (FIT) is an inexpensive and convenient modality to screen for colorectal cancer. However, its one-time sensitivity for detecting colorectal cancer and cancer precursors is limited. There is growing interest in using the non-haemoglobin contents of FIT residual buffer to enhance colonic neoplasia detection. AIM To establish from the literature a framework to catalogue candidate biomarkers within FIT residual buffer for non-invasive colorectal cancer screening. METHODS The search strategy evaluated PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and Google Scholar for publications through 25 October 2023, with search terms including FIT, buffer, OC-sensor, biomarkers, microbiome, microRNA (miR), colon, rectum, screening, neoplasm, and early detection. Studies employing home-based collection samples using quantitative FIT first processed for haemoglobin were included. One author reviewed all articles; a second author completed a 20% full-text audit to ensure adherence to eligibility criteria. RESULTS A broad search yielded 1669 studies and application of eligibility criteria identified 18 relevant studies. Multiple protein, DNA/RNA, and microbiome biomarkers (notably haptoglobin, miR-16, miR-27a-3p, miR-92a, miR-148a-3p, miR-223, miR-421, let-7b-5p, and Tyzzerella 4) were associated with colorectal neoplasia. Furthermore, studies highlighted the short-term stability of biomarkers for clinical use and long-term stability for research purposes. CONCLUSIONS This scoping review summarises the framework and progress of research on stability of biomarkers in FIT residual buffer and their associations with colorectal neoplasia to guide opportunities for further confirmatory studies to enhance colorectal cancer screening.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joseph C Anderson
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, White River Junction, Vermont, USA
| | - Robin J Larson
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
- The Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Douglas J Robertson
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, White River Junction, Vermont, USA
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3
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Gómez-Matas J, Duran-Sanchon S, Lozano JJ, Ferrero G, Tarallo S, Pardini B, Naccarati A, Castells A, Gironella M. SnoRNA profiling in colorectal cancer and assessment of non-invasive biomarker capacity by ddPCR in fecal samples. iScience 2024; 27:109283. [PMID: 38450150 PMCID: PMC10915595 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) have been identified dysregulated in several pathologies, and these alterations can be detected in tissues and in circulation. The main aim of this study was to analyze the whole snoRNome in advanced colorectal neoplasms and to identify new potential non-invasive snoRNA-based biomarkers in fecal samples by different analytical approaches. SNORA51, SNORD15B, SNORA54, SNORD12B, SNORD12C, SNORD72, SNORD89, and several members of SNORD115 and SNORD116 clusters were consistently deregulated in both tissue sets. After technical validation, SNORA51 and SNORD15B were detected in FIT+ samples. SNORA51 was significantly upregulated in FIT+ samples from CRC patients compared to healthy controls. This upregulation, together with the fecal hemoglobin concentration, was sufficient to identify, among FIT+ individuals, patients with CRC (AUC = 0.86) and individuals with advanced adenomas (AUC = 0.68). These findings portray snoRNAs as an alternative source of candidates for further studies and SNORA51 appears as a potential non-invasive biomarker for CRC detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Gómez-Matas
- Gastrointestinal & Pancreatic Oncology Group, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd)/ Hospital Clínic Barcelona/ Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona – Institut d’investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Saray Duran-Sanchon
- Gastrointestinal & Pancreatic Oncology Group, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd)/ Hospital Clínic Barcelona/ Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona – Institut d’investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | | | - Giulio Ferrero
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Sonia Tarallo
- Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM), c/o IRCCS Candiolo, Turin, Italy
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Turin, Italy
| | - Barbara Pardini
- Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM), c/o IRCCS Candiolo, Turin, Italy
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Turin, Italy
| | - Alessio Naccarati
- Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM), c/o IRCCS Candiolo, Turin, Italy
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Turin, Italy
| | - Antoni Castells
- Gastrointestinal & Pancreatic Oncology Group, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd)/ Hospital Clínic Barcelona/ Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona – Institut d’investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Meritxell Gironella
- Gastrointestinal & Pancreatic Oncology Group, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd)/ Hospital Clínic Barcelona/ Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona – Institut d’investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona-Spanish National Research Council (IIBB-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
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Santos DAR, Gaiteiro C, Santos M, Santos L, Dinis-Ribeiro M, Lima L. MicroRNA Biomarkers as Promising Tools for Early Colorectal Cancer Screening-A Comprehensive Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11023. [PMID: 37446201 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) ranks as the third most prevalent cancer worldwide. Early detection of this neoplasia has proven to improve prognosis, resulting in a 90% increase in survival. However, available CRC screening methods have limitations, requiring the development of new tools. MicroRNA biomarkers have emerged as a powerful screening tool, as they are highly expressed in CRC patients and easily detectable in several biological samples. While microRNAs are extensively studied in blood samples, recent interest has now arisen in other samples, such as stool samples, where they can be combined with existing screening methods. Among the microRNAs described in the literature, microRNA-21-5p and microRNA-92a-3p and their cluster have demonstrated high potential for early CRC screening. Furthermore, the combination of multiple microRNAs has shown improved performance in CRC detection compared to individual microRNAs. This review aims to assess the available data in the literature on microRNAs as promising biomarkers for early CRC screening, explore their advantages and disadvantages, and discuss the optimal study characteristics for analyzing these biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela A R Santos
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP), RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- School of Health, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 400, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Cristiana Gaiteiro
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP), RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Marlene Santos
- School of Health, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 400, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde e Ambiente (CISA), Escola Superior de Saúde, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- Molecular Oncology & Viral Pathology, IPO-Porto Research Center (CI-IPO), Portuguese Institute of Oncology, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Lúcio Santos
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP), RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Portuguese Institute of Oncology (IPO-Porto), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Mário Dinis-Ribeiro
- Precancerous Lesions and Early Cancer Management Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP), Rise@CI-IPOP (Health Research Group), Portuguese Institute of Oncology of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Gastroenterology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Luís Lima
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP), RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
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Kattner AA. Down to earth - A new type of hygiene. Biomed J 2023; 46:1-7. [PMID: 36773844 PMCID: PMC10105014 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2023.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In the current issue of the Biomedical Journal a special section introduces the influence earthing (or lack thereof) has on the human body. A variety of enlightening articles elaborate how electromagnetic hygiene involving earthing may lower the occurrence of various diseases, reduce inflammation, improve sleep and help maintain a well-functioning circadian rhythm. Another article has a closer look at the connection between sunspot extrema and pandemics, and the relief grounding may exert on the main complications encountered in COVID-19 infection. This issue furthermore contains articles about the principles and safety of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines, the use of lidocaine against the cytokine storm triggered by SARS-CoV-2, and hypocalcemia as predictive marker in COVID-19. The reader learns about two miRNAs playing a role in colorectal cancer, diffusion characteristics of cerebrospinal fluid, and an approach of rotational radiography leading to a lower radiation exposure. The final articles present the use of dynamic arthroscopy to refine diagnosis of the origin of shoulder pain, the application of traditional Chinese medicine in analysis of chronic kidney disease, and an exchange concerning neuroimaging abnormalities in pediatric COVID-19 cases.
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Aalami AH, Abdeahad H, Aalami F, Amirabadi A. Can microRNAs be utilized as tumor markers for recurrence following nephrectomy in renal cell carcinoma patients? A meta-analysis provides the answer. Urol Oncol 2023; 41:52.e1-52.e10. [PMID: 36280530 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2022.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is an aggressive tumor. Many studies investigated microRNAs (miRs) as RCC prognostic biomarkers, often reporting inconsistent findings. We present a meta-analysis to identify if tissue-derived miRs can be used as a prognostic factor in patients after nephrectomy. METHODS Data were obtained from PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science. The hazard ratio with 95% confidence intervals assessed the prognostic value of microRNAs. Outcomes of interest included the prognosis role of microRNAs in overall survival (OS), recurrence-free survival (RFS), and cancer-specific survival (CSS) in nephrectomy patients. RESULTS Nine retrospective studies that evaluated microRNAs in 1,541 nephrectomy patients were collected. There were heterogeneities across studies for microRNAs in the 15 studies examining OS, RFS, and CSS (I2 = 84.51%; P < 0.01); the random-effect model was calculated (HR = 1.371; (95% CI: 0.831-2.260); P = 0.216). CONCLUSION Our study indicated that miRNAs cannot be used as a marker for recurrence in RCC patients after nephrectomy, and researchers shouldn't make the mistake that if miRs can be used as a biomarker in RCC, they cannot be used as a marker after nephrectomy in RCC. As all of these findings were from retrospective studies, further studies are needed to verify the role of microRNAs in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Hossein Aalami
- Department of Biology, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Hossein Abdeahad
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Farnoosh Aalami
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Amir Amirabadi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mashhad Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
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7
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Volovat SR, Augustin I, Zob D, Boboc D, Amurariti F, Volovat C, Stefanescu C, Stolniceanu CR, Ciocoiu M, Dumitras EA, Danciu M, Apostol DGC, Drug V, Shurbaji SA, Coca LG, Leon F, Iftene A, Herghelegiu PC. Use of Personalized Biomarkers in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer and the Impact of AI. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14194834. [PMID: 36230757 PMCID: PMC9562853 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14194834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is a major cause of cancer-related death worldwide and is correlated with genetic and epigenetic alterations in the colonic epithelium. Genetic changes play a major role in the pathophysiology of colorectal cancer through the development of gene mutations, but recent research has shown an important role for epigenetic alterations. In this review, we try to describe the current knowledge about epigenetic alterations, including DNA methylation and histone modifications, as well as the role of non-coding RNAs as epigenetic regulators and the prognostic and predictive biomarkers in metastatic colorectal disease that can allow increases in the effectiveness of treatments. Additionally, the intestinal microbiota’s composition can be an important biomarker for the response to strategies based on the immunotherapy of CRC. The identification of biomarkers in mCRC can be enhanced by developing artificial intelligence programs. We present the actual models that implement AI technology as a bridge connecting ncRNAs with tumors and conducted some experiments to improve the quality of the model used as well as the speed of the model that provides answers to users. In order to carry out this task, we implemented six algorithms: the naive Bayes classifier, the random forest classifier, the decision tree classifier, gradient boosted trees, logistic regression and SVM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona-Ruxandra Volovat
- Department of Medical Oncology-Radiotherapy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Str., 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Iolanda Augustin
- Department of Medical Oncology, AI.Trestioreanu Institute of Oncology, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Daniela Zob
- Department of Medical Oncology, AI.Trestioreanu Institute of Oncology, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Diana Boboc
- Department of Medical Oncology-Radiotherapy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Str., 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Florin Amurariti
- Department of Medical Oncology-Radiotherapy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Str., 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Constantin Volovat
- Department of Medical Oncology, “Euroclinic” Center of Oncology, 2 Vasile Conta Str., 700106 Iasi, Romania
- Correspondence: (C.V.); (C.S.)
| | - Cipriana Stefanescu
- Department of Biophysics and Medical Physics-Nuclear Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Str., 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Correspondence: (C.V.); (C.S.)
| | - Cati Raluca Stolniceanu
- Department of Biophysics and Medical Physics-Nuclear Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Str., 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Manuela Ciocoiu
- Department of Pathophysiology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Eduard Alexandru Dumitras
- Department of Pathophysiology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Regional Institute of Oncology, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Mihai Danciu
- Pathology Department, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | | | - Vasile Drug
- Department of Gastroenterology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Str., 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Gastroenterology Clinic, Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, ‘St. Spiridon’ Clinical Hospital, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Sinziana Al Shurbaji
- Gastroenterology Clinic, Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, ‘St. Spiridon’ Clinical Hospital, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Lucia-Georgiana Coca
- Faculty of Computer Science, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Florin Leon
- Faculty of Automatic Control and Computer Engineering, Gheorghe Asachi Technical University, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Adrian Iftene
- Faculty of Computer Science, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Paul-Corneliu Herghelegiu
- Faculty of Automatic Control and Computer Engineering, Gheorghe Asachi Technical University, 700115 Iasi, Romania
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