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Fouad SA, Khatab ST, Teaima MH, El-Nabarawi MA, Abdelmonem R. Nanosized ethosomal dispersions for enhanced transdermal delivery of nebivolol using intradermal/transfollicular sustained reservoir: in vitro evaluation, confocal laser scanning microscopy, and in vivo pharmacokinetic studies. Pharm Dev Technol 2024; 29:40-51. [PMID: 38078863 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2023.2294278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Nebivolol (NBV), a BCS class II anti-hypertensive drug, suffers from limited solubility and oral bioavailability. Nanosized ethosomes were adopted as an approach to solubilize and deliver NBV transdermally, as a substitute to oral route. Ethosomal dispersions were prepared employing thin film hydration method. Formulation variables were adjusted to obtain entrapment efficiency; EE > 50%, particle size; PS < 100 nm, zeta potential; ZP > ±25 mV, and polydispersity index; PDI < 0.5. The optimized ethosomal dispersion (OED) showed accepted EE 86.46 ± 0.15%, PS 73.50 ± 0.08 nm, ZP 33.75 ± 1.20 mV, and PDI 0.31 ± 0.07. It also showed enhanced cumulative amount of NBV permeated at 8 h (Q8) 71.26 ± 1.46% and 24 h (Q24) 98.18 ± 1.02%. TEM images denoted spherical vesicles with light colored lipid bi-layer and dark core. Confocal laser scanning microscopy showed deeply localized intradermal and transfollicular permeation of the fluorolabelled OED (FL-OED). Nanosized FL-OED (<100 nm) can permeate through hair follicles creating a drug reservoir for enhanced systemic absorption. OED formulated into transdermal patch (OED-TP1) exhibited accepted physicochemical properties including; thickness 0.14 ± 0.01 mm, folding endurance 151 ± 0.07, surface pH 5.80 ± 0.15, drug content 98.64 ± 2.01%, mucoadhesion 8534 ± 0.03, Q8 87.61 ± 0.11%, and Q24 99.22 ± 0.24%. In vivo pharmacokinetic studies showed significantly enhanced bioavailability of OED-TP1 by 7.9 folds compared to oral Nevilob® tablets (p = 0.0002). It could be concluded that OED-TP1 can be a promising lipid nanocarrier TDDS for NBV and an efficacious alternative route of administration for hypertensive patients suffering from dysphagia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahinaze A Fouad
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Sara T Khatab
- The General Authority for Health Insurance, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud H Teaima
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A El-Nabarawi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rehab Abdelmonem
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Manufacturing, Misr University for Science and Technology, Cairo, Egypt
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Safhi AY, Siddique W, Zaman M, Sarfraz RM, Shafeeq Ur Rahman M, Mahmood A, Salawi A, Sabei FY, Alsalhi A, Zoghebi K. Statistically Optimized Polymeric Buccal Films of Eletriptan Hydrobromide and Itopride Hydrochloride: An In Vivo Pharmacokinetic Study. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1551. [PMID: 38004417 PMCID: PMC10674159 DOI: 10.3390/ph16111551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
A migraine is a condition of severe headaches, causing a disturbance in the daily life of the patient. The current studies were designed to develop immediate-release polymeric buccal films of Eletriptan Hydrobromide (EHBR) and Itopride Hydrochloride (ITHC) to improve their bioavailability and, hence, improve compliance with the patients of migraines and its associated symptoms. The prepared films were evaluated for various in vitro parameters, including surface morphology, mechanical strength, disintegration test (DT), total dissolving time (TDT), drug release and drug permeation, etc., and in vivo pharmacokinetic parameters, such as area under curve (AUC), mean residence time (MRT), half-life (t1/2), time to reach maximum concentration (Tmax), and time to reach maximum concentration (Cmax). The outcomes have indicated the successful preparation of the films, as SEM has confirmed the smooth surface and uniform distribution of drugs throughout the polymer matrix. The films were found to be mechanically stable as indicated by folding endurance studies. Furthermore, the optimized formulations showed a DT of 13 ± 1 s and TDT of 42.6 ± 0.75 s, indicating prompt disintegration as well as the dissolution of the films. Albino rabbits were used for in vivo pharmacokinetics, and the outcomes were evident of improved pharmacokinetics. The drug was found to rapidly permeate across the buccal mucosa, leading to increased bioavailability of the drug: Cmax of 130 and 119 ng/mL of ITHC and EHBR, respectively, as compared to 96 (ITHC) and 90 ng/mL (EHBR) of oral solution. The conclusion can be drawn that possible reasons for the enhanced bioavailability could be the increased surface area in the form of buccal films, its rapid disintegration, and faster dissolution, which led toward the rapid absorption of the drug into the blood stream.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awaji Y. Safhi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; (A.Y.S.); (F.Y.S.); (A.A.)
| | - Waqar Siddique
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Lahore Campus, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zaman
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Asif Mahmood
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Chakwal, Chakwal 48800, Pakistan;
| | - Ahmad Salawi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; (A.Y.S.); (F.Y.S.); (A.A.)
| | - Fahad Y. Sabei
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; (A.Y.S.); (F.Y.S.); (A.A.)
| | - Abdullah Alsalhi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; (A.Y.S.); (F.Y.S.); (A.A.)
| | - Khalid Zoghebi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia;
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Sakran W, Abdel-Rashid RS, Saleh F, Abdel-Monem R. Ethosomal gel for rectal transmucosal delivery of domperidone: design of experiment, in vitro, and in vivo evaluation. Drug Deliv 2022; 29:1477-1491. [PMID: 35543451 PMCID: PMC9103489 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2022.2072542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite high efficiency of domperidone (DOM) in prophylaxis of emesis accompanied with radiotherapy and chemotherapy, it still can bother cancer patients by its powerful side effects and difficulty of its oral administration. The study was designed to develop and optimize DOM loaded ethosomal gel for rectal transmucosal delivery. Ethosomal formulations were prepared using a 21, 51 full-factorial design where the impact of lecithin concentration and additives were investigated. The optimum ethosomal vesicles were subsequently incorporated in Carbopol gel base where rheological behavior, spreadability, mucoadhesion, and in vivo pharmacokinetic parameters were studied. Based on Design Expert® software (Stat Ease, Inc., Minneapolis, MN), the optimum formulation illustrated entrapment efficiency of 70.02%±5.52%, and vesicular size of 112 ± 3.3 nm, polydispersity index of 0.32 ± 0.01, zeta potential of −59 ± 0.28 mV, and % drug released after 6 h of 76.30%±2.45%. Moreover, ex vivo permeation through rabbit intestinal mucosa increased four times compared to free DOM suspension. The gel loaded with ethosomes showed excellent mucoadhesion to rectal mucosa. DOM ethosomal gel showed a raise in Cmax and AUC0–48 of DOM by twofolds compared to free DOM gel. The study suggested that ethosomes incorporated in gels could be an efficient candidate for rectal transmucosal delivery of DOM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wedad Sakran
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rania S Abdel-Rashid
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Fatma Saleh
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Raghda Abdel-Monem
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
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Sinha S, Thapa S, Singh S, Dutt R, Verma R, Pandey P, Mittal V, Rahman MH, Kaushik D. Development of biocompatible nanoparticles of tizanidine hydrochloride in orodispersible films: In vitro characterization, ex vivo permeation and cytotoxic study on carcinoma cells. Curr Drug Deliv 2022; 19:1061-1072. [PMID: 35319369 DOI: 10.2174/1567201819666220321111338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The main limitations of the therapeutic effectiveness of tizanidine hydrochloride (TNZ) are its low bioavailability due to its tendency to undergo first-pass metabolism and short biological half-life. These factors make it an ideal candidate for formulating orally disintegrating films. METHODS The fast-dissolving film of TNZ HCl was prepared by the solvent-casting method and characterized using scanning electron microscopy, FTIR and XRD, and evaluated for critical quality attributes for this type of dosage forms such as disintegration time, tensile strength, drug content, dissolution, and ex-vivo permeability. In vitro cytotoxicity studies were also conducted on cancer cell lines to confirm cytotoxic effect. OBJECTIVE The present study was aimed to prepare nanoparticles of tizanidine hydrochloride using biodegradable polymers and loading them on orodispersible films to obtain a sustained release dissolution profile with improved permeability and further study the cytotoxicity on A549 lung carcinoma cells, MCF7 breast cancer cells and HOP 92 non-small lung adenocarcinoma cells. RESULTS The polymeric matrix containing the drug provided a rapid disintegration time varying between 7±2 and 30±2 seconds, adequate tensile strength between 1.4 and 11.25 N/mm2, and improved permeability through porcine buccal mucosa when compared to the reference product. CONCLUSION A study of cytotoxic effect on the MCF-7 breast cancer cells and A549 lung carcinoma cells revealed that tizanidine hydrochloride nanoparticles at 2.3 mg/film exhibited an IC50 value of 65.1 % cytotoxicity on MCF-7, approximately 100% on HOP92, and 83.5 % on A549 lung carcinoma cells, thus paving the way for a new paradigm of research for cytotoxic study on MCF-7, HOP92 and A549 cell lines using the subject drug model prepared as oral films or biodegradable nanoparticles in oral films for site-specific targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhani Sinha
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, G.D. Goenka University, Gurugram-122103, India
| | - Sonia Thapa
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Cancer Pharmacology Division, Jammu-180001, India
| | - Shashank Singh
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Cancer Pharmacology Division, Jammu-180001, India
| | - Rohit Dutt
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, G.D. Goenka University, Gurugram-122103, India
| | - Ravinder Verma
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, G.D. Goenka University, Gurugram-122103, India
| | - Parijat Pandey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gurugram University, Gurugram - 122413, India
| | - Vineet Mittal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, M.D. University, Rohtak (124001), Haryana, India
| | - Md Habibur Rahman
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Banani, Dhaka-1213, Bangladesh
| | - Deepak Kaushik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, M.D. University, Rohtak (124001), Haryana, India
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Pastório NFG, Vecchi CF, Said dos Santos R, Bruschi ML. Design of Mucoadhesive Strips for Buccal Fast Release of Tramadol. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13081187. [PMID: 34452148 PMCID: PMC8399036 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13081187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Tramadol hydrochloride is a synthetic analogue of codeine and shows activity on the central nervous system as an opioid agonist and inhibitor of serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake. It has been used for controlling moderate to severe pain. Mucoadhesive fast-dissolving films can present greater drug availability and patient acceptance when compared to the systems of peroral administration. The films were prepared using the solvent casting method with ethylcellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone and poly(vinyl alcohol). The effect of each polymer concentration was investigated using a 2³ factorial design with repetition at the central point. The formulations were subjected to physicochemical, mechanical, ex vivo mucoadhesive and in vitro drug release profile analysis. These properties were dependent on the polymeric composition (independent factors) of each system. The optimized formulations showed good macroscopic characteristics, improved resistance to bending, rigidity, rapid swelling up to 60 s, improved mechanical and mucoadhesive characteristics, and also fast dissolving and tramadol release. The optimized formulations constitute platforms and strategies to improve the therapy of tramadol with regard to availability at the site of application, considering the necessity of rapid pain relief, and show potential for in vivo evaluation.
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Phadke A, Amin P. A Recent Update on Drug Delivery Systems for Pain Management. J Pain Palliat Care Pharmacother 2021; 35:175-214. [PMID: 34157247 DOI: 10.1080/15360288.2021.1925386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Pain remains a global health challenge affecting approximately 1.5 billion people worldwide. Pain has been an implicit variable in the equation of human life for many centuries considering different types and the magnitude of pain. Therefore, developing an efficacious drug delivery system for pain management remains an open challenge for researchers in the field of medicine. Lack of therapeutic efficacy still persists, despite high throughput studies in the field of pain management. Research scientists have been exploiting different alternatives to curb the adverse side effects of pain medications or attempting a more substantial approach to minimize the prevalence of pain. Various drug delivery systems have been developed such as nanoparticles, microparticles to curb adverse side effects of pain medications or minimize the prevalence of pain. This literature review firstly provides a brief introduction of pain as a sensation and its pharmacological interventions. Second, it highlights the most recent studies in the pharmaceutical field for pain management and serves as a strong base for future developments. Herein, we have classified drug delivery systems based on their sizes such as nano, micro, and macro systems, and for each of the reviewed systems, design, formulation strategies, and drug release performance has been discussed.
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Garcia VADS, Borges JG, Osiro D, Vanin FM, Carvalho RAD. Orally disintegrating films based on gelatin and pregelatinized starch: new carriers of active compounds from acerola. Food Hydrocoll 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2019.105518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Ali T, Rafiq M, Samee Mubarik M, Zahoor K, Asad F, Yaqoob S, Ahmad S, Qamar S. Genotoxicity and repair capability of Mus musculus DNA following the oral exposure to Tramadol. Saudi J Biol Sci 2020; 27:12-17. [PMID: 31889811 PMCID: PMC6933236 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2019.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Tramadol is an analgesic and psychoactive drug that acts primarily upon the central nervous system where it alters brain function, resulting in temporary changes in perception, mood, consciousness and behavior. The aim of present study was to analyze the genotoxicity and repair capability of DNA after Tramadol exposure in albino mice (Mus musculus). For this purpose, forty mice were divided equally into four groups as; a control group (without drug) and three treatment groups that were treated with three doses of Tramadol as minimum dose group, Intermediate dose group and maximum dose group, corresponding to 25 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg and 75 mg/kg of body weight respectively. The dose was given orally for 15 days. After 15 days peripheral blood was drawn from half mice of each group and subjected to comet assay. While the remaining half mice were given a recovery period of 15 days and same procedure was used for blood collection and comet assay. Significant difference in various comet parameters was observed among control and exposed groups. Maximum damage was observed at highest concentration 75 mg/kg of Tramadol and minimum damage was observed at dose 25 mg/kg of Tramadol, while results of repaired mice group showed that repair capability of Tramadol was minor and recovery of Tramadol required a lot of time. It can be concluded that Tramadol cause genotoxicity that is dose dependent and has low repair capability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayyaba Ali
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Allama Iqbal Road, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Samina Qamar
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Allama Iqbal Road, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Desbrieres J, Peptu C, Ochiuz L, Savin C, Popa M, Vasiliu S. Application of Chitosan-Based Formulations in Controlled Drug Delivery. SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE REVIEWS 36 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-16581-9_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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