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Boakye MK, Adanu SK, Buami EK, Agyemang AO. Ethnoveterinary treatment of livestock in Ghana: Cultural importance and consensus on plants used. Heliyon 2024; 10:e33809. [PMID: 39040319 PMCID: PMC11261847 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e33809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The traditional free-range system of livestock rearing contributes to the socioeconomic well-being of most rural households in Ghana. The traditional management system exposes livestock to a high disease incidence, but healthcare support for animal production is limited. Ethnoveterinary practice is an integral part of livestock treatment, particularly in rural communities where veterinary services are poor. However, documentation of the plants used for ethnoveterinary treatment of livestock is scant in the country. Given the dearth of information on ethnoveterinary treatment, this study aimed to document the cultural significance and level of agreement of plant species used for treating livestock ailments in the Adaklu district. Ethnoveterinary data were collected from 120 respondents using semi-structured questionnaires. Quantitative ethnobotanical indices were used to ascertain the most culturally significant plant species for livestock healing. It was found that 38 plant species were used to treat various livestock ailments. Ethnobotanical indices revealed that Mangifera indica, Elaeis guineensis, Khaya senegalensis, Spondias mombin, and Physalis peruviana were the most culturally significant plant species for treating livestock ailments. Mangifera indica was found to be the most versatile species for treating livestock ailments and had the highest cultural importance (CI). This study reveals the high cultural importance of plants in the Adaklu district to improve livestock healthcare. The perceived efficacy influences the selection and utilization of a resource for folk medicine. The study recommends isolating and characterizing the active compounds in the most culturally significant plants and testing the properties on the medical conditions attributed to these plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Selase Kofi Adanu
- Department of Environmental Science, Ho Technical University, Ho, Ghana
| | - Evans Kwami Buami
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Ho Technical University, Ho, Ghana
| | - Alfred Ofori Agyemang
- Institute of Traditional and Alternative Medicine, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
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Kuevi DNO, Keiser J, Häberli C, Owusu-Senyah AK, Ahiabu MK. In Vitro Antischistosomal Activity of Bridelia ferruginea, Clausena anisata, Khaya senegalensis, and Vernonia amygdalina. J Trop Med 2024; 2024:8074291. [PMID: 39281066 PMCID: PMC11401701 DOI: 10.1155/2024/8074291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Schistosomiasis is caused by parasitic flatworms and the disease is endemic to most countries in sub-Saharan Africa including Ghana. The current therapeutic agent for managing this disease solely relies on praziquantel. The continual dependence on this single available drug could lead to possible drug resistance. This study seeks to evaluate the antischistosomal activity of the following Ghanaian medicinal plants: Khaya senegalensis, Vernonia amygdalina, Clausena anisata, and Bridelia ferruginea. Methodology. Two concentrations (100 μg/mL and 50 μg/mL) of each extract were tested in a 96-well plate containing 30 newly transformed schistosomula (NTS). Moreover, six worms of both sexes of adult Schistosoma mansoni were exposed to the extracts diluted in the RPMI medium. The assay was performed in a 24-well plate. The parasitic worms were examined using an inverted optical microscope. Results At 100 μg/mL and 50 μg/mL, all extracts performed better and showed strong activity (p < 0.001) against NTS; thus, 98.08%, 100%, 80.77%, and 100% for Clausena, Vernonia, Bridelia, and Khaya, respectively, when compared to praziquantel. Strong activity was recorded when the extracts underwent testing against Schistosoma mansoni adults at 100 μg/mL; 96.35%, 100%, and 94.55% for Vernonia, Bridelia, and Khaya, respectively, except for Clausena which exhibited weak activity, i.e., 56.02%. There was no significant difference between Vernonia, Bridelia, and Khaya when compared to praziquantel. Conclusion At 100 μg/mL, Khaya senegalensis, Vernonia amygdalina, and Bridelia ferruginea extracts demonstrated strong activity against both schistosomula and adult Schistosoma mansoni. These data can serve as baseline information in the quest to find alternative therapeutic agents to treat schistosomiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deryl Nii Okantey Kuevi
- Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Water Research Institute, Biomedical and Public Health Research Unit, P.O. Box AH 38, Accra, Ghana
| | - Jennifer Keiser
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Cécile Häberli
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Abena Konadu Owusu-Senyah
- Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Water Research Institute, Biomedical and Public Health Research Unit, P.O. Box AH 38, Accra, Ghana
| | - Mawutor Kwame Ahiabu
- Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Water Research Institute, Biomedical and Public Health Research Unit, P.O. Box AH 38, Accra, Ghana
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Van PCP, Ngo Van H, Quang MB, Duong Thanh N, Nguyen Van D, Thanh TD, Tran Minh N, Thi Thu HN, Quang TN, Thao Do T, Thanh LP, Do Thi Thu H, Le Tuan AH. Stigmastane-type steroid saponins from the leaves of Vernonia amygdalina and their α-glucosidase and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activities. Nat Prod Res 2024; 38:601-606. [PMID: 36924396 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2023.2188589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Two new vernonioside K (1) and vernonioside L (2) and four known Δ7,9(11) stigmastane-type steroidal saponins-vernonioside B2 (3), vernoniacum B (4), vernonioside B1 (5), and vernoamyoside A (6)-were isolated from the leaves of Vernonia amygdalina. Their structures were determined by comprehensive spectroscopic analysis with one-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance, two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance, and high-resolution mass spectrometry. All isolated compounds (1-6) were evaluated to determine their inhibitory effects on α-glucosidase and xanthine oxidase. Among them, two new compounds 1 and 2 showed significant inhibition of α-glucosidase with IC50 values of 78.56 ± 7.28 and 14.74 ± 1.57 (μM), respectively, comparable with acarbose as a positive control (127.53 ± 1.73 μM); none of these compounds inhibited xanthine oxidase activity. Compounds 1 and 2 are promising candidates for the development of antidiabetic agents from natural sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- PCong Pham Van
- Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Graduate University of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Center for Research and Technology Transfer, VAST, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Hieu Ngo Van
- Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Graduate University of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Center for Research and Technology Transfer, VAST, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Minh Bui Quang
- Center for Research and Technology Transfer, VAST, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nam Duong Thanh
- Center for Research and Technology Transfer, VAST, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Dan Nguyen Van
- Center for Research and Technology Transfer, VAST, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Tuan Do Thanh
- Thai Binh University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Thai Binh City, Thai Binh, Vietnam
| | - Ngoc Tran Minh
- Traditional medicinal administration, Ministry of Health, Ba Dinh, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | | | - Thi Thao Do
- Institute of Biotechnology, VAST, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | - Hien Do Thi Thu
- Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Graduate University of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Center for Research and Technology Transfer, VAST, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Anh Hoang Le Tuan
- Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Graduate University of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Center for Research and Technology Transfer, VAST, Hanoi, Vietnam
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Mohanta YK, Mishra AK, Nongbet A, Chakrabartty I, Mahanta S, Sarma B, Panda J, Panda SK. Potential use of the Asteraceae family as a cure for diabetes: A review of ethnopharmacology to modern day drug and nutraceuticals developments. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1153600. [PMID: 37608892 PMCID: PMC10441548 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1153600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The diabetes-associated mortality rate is increasing annually, along with the severity of its accompanying disorders that impair human health. Worldwide, several medicinal plants are frequently urged for the management of diabetes. Reports are available on the use of medicinal plants by traditional healers for their blood-sugar-lowering effects, along with scientific evidence to support such claims. The Asteraceae family is one of the most diverse flowering plants, with about 1,690 genera and 32,000 species. Since ancient times, people have consumed various herbs of the Asteraceae family as food and employed them as medicine. Despite the wide variety of members within the family, most of them are rich in naturally occurring polysaccharides that possess potent prebiotic effects, which trigger their use as potential nutraceuticals. This review provides detailed information on the reported Asteraceae plants traditionally used as antidiabetic agents, with a major focus on the plants of this family that are known to exert antioxidant, hepatoprotective, vasodilation, and wound healing effects, which further action for the prevention of major diseases like cardiovascular disease (CVD), liver cirrhosis, and diabetes mellitus (DM). Moreover, this review highlights the potential of Asteraceae plants to counteract diabetic conditions when used as food and nutraceuticals. The information documented in this review article can serve as a pioneer for developing research initiatives directed at the exploration of Asteraceae and, at the forefront, the development of a botanical drug for the treatment of DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yugal Kishore Mohanta
- Nano-biotechnology and Translational Knowledge Laboratory, Department of Applied Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Science and Technology Meghalaya (USTM), Techno City, Meghalaya, India
- Centre for Herbal Pharmacology and Environmental Sustainability, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, kelambakkam, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Amilia Nongbet
- Department of Botany, School of Biological Sciences, University of Science and Technology Meghalaya (USTM), Techno City, Meghalaya, India
| | - Ishani Chakrabartty
- Learning and Development Solutions, Indegene Pvt. Ltd., Manyata Tech Park, Bangalore, India
| | - Saurov Mahanta
- Guwahati Centre, National Institute of Electronics and Information Technology (NIELIT), Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Bhaskar Sarma
- Department of Botany, Dhemaji College, Dhemaji, Assam, India
| | - Jibanjyoti Panda
- Nano-biotechnology and Translational Knowledge Laboratory, Department of Applied Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Science and Technology Meghalaya (USTM), Techno City, Meghalaya, India
| | - Sujogya Kumar Panda
- Center of Environment Climate Change and Public Health, RUSA 2.0, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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Nantongo JS, Odoi JB, Agaba H, Gwali S. Genetic diversity and population structure of Vernonia amygdalina Del. in Uganda based on genome wide markers. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0283563. [PMID: 37494370 PMCID: PMC10370736 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0283563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Determining the extent and distribution of genetic diversity is an essential component of plant breeding. In the present study, we explored the genetic diversity and population structure of Vernonia amygdalina, a fodder, vegetable and medicinal species of Africa and some parts of Yemen. Most empirical studies demonstrate that populations that are separated by geographic or ecological factors may experience genetic differentiation resulting from restricted gene flow between populations. A total of 238 individuals were sampled from two populations: i) Lake Victoria crescent (LVC) and ii) Southern and Eastern Lake Kyoga basin (SEK) agroecological zones of Uganda and genotyped using DArT platform. Of the two populations, the overall mean observed heterozygosity (Ho) was low to medium (Ho = 0.07[silicoDArTs] and 0.2[SNPs]). Inbreeding levels were also very low (-0.04 to -0.08) suggesting the presence of random mating. Partitioning of genetic structure in the two populations indicated that SEK exhibited a higher genetic diversity than LVC. The principal coordinates analysis (PCA) showed no geographical structuring, consistent with the low genetic differentiation (Fst = 0.00) and the low Euclidean genetic distance (1.38-1.39) between the LVC and SEK populations. However, STRUCTURE analysis with admixture models revealed weak possible genetic clusters with very small genetic distance among them. Overall, the results suggest low genetic diversity and weak genetic differentiation between the two populations. One possible explanation of the results could be the presence of human assisted gene flow over long distances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith S Nantongo
- National Forestry Resources Research Institute, Kifu, Mukono, Uganda
| | - Juventine B Odoi
- National Forestry Resources Research Institute, Kifu, Mukono, Uganda
| | - Hillary Agaba
- National Forestry Resources Research Institute, Kifu, Mukono, Uganda
| | - Samson Gwali
- National Forestry Resources Research Institute, Kifu, Mukono, Uganda
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Smith DJ, Bi H, Hamman J, Ma X, Mitchell C, Nyirenda K, Monera-Penduka T, Oketch-Rabah H, Paine MF, Pettit S, Pheiffer W, Van Breemen RB, Embry M. Potential pharmacokinetic interactions with concurrent use of herbal medicines and a ritonavir-boosted COVID-19 protease inhibitor in low and middle-income countries. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1210579. [PMID: 37502215 PMCID: PMC10368978 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1210579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic sparked the development of novel anti-viral drugs that have shown to be effective in reducing both fatality and hospitalization rates in patients with elevated risk for COVID-19 related morbidity or mortality. Currently, nirmatrelvir/ritonavir (Paxlovid™) fixed-dose combination is recommended by the World Health Organization for treatment of COVID-19. The ritonavir component is an inhibitor of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A, which is used in this combination to achieve needed therapeutic concentrations of nirmatrelvir. Because of the critical pharmacokinetic effect of this mechanism of action for Paxlovid™, co-administration with needed medications that inhibit or induce CYP3A is contraindicated, reflecting concern for interactions with the potential to alter the efficacy or safety of co-administered drugs that are also metabolized by CYP3A. Some herbal medicines are known to interact with drug metabolizing enzymes and transporters, including but not limited to inhibition or induction of CYP3A and P-glycoprotein. As access to these COVID-19 medications has increased in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), understanding the potential for herb-drug interactions within these regions is important. Many studies have evaluated the utility of herbal medicines for COVID-19 treatments, yet information on potential herb-drug interactions involving Paxlovid™, specifically with herbal medicines commonly used in LMICs, is lacking. This review presents data on regionally-relevant herbal medicine use (particularly those promoted as treatments for COVID-19) and mechanism of action data on herbal medicines to highlight the potential for herbal medicine interaction Herb-drug interaction mediated by ritonavir-boosted antiviral protease inhibitors This work highlights potential areas for future experimental studies and data collection, identifies herbal medicines for inclusion in future listings of regionally diverse potential HDIs and underscores areas for LMIC-focused provider-patient communication. This overview is presented to support governments and health protection entities as they prepare for an increase of availability and use of Paxlovid™.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dallas J. Smith
- Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
- COVID-19 Response International Task Force, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Huichang Bi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Josias Hamman
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences (Pharmacen™), Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Xiaochao Ma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Constance Mitchell
- Health and Environmental Sciences Institute, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Kumbukani Nyirenda
- Department of Pharmacy, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Tsitsi Monera-Penduka
- Research Unit for Safety of Herbs and Drugs, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | | | - Mary F. Paine
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, United States
| | - Syril Pettit
- Health and Environmental Sciences Institute, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Wihan Pheiffer
- DSI/NWU Preclinical Drug Development Platform, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Richard B. Van Breemen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Michelle Embry
- Health and Environmental Sciences Institute, Washington, DC, United States
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Diyaolu OA, Oluwabusola ET, Attah AF, Olori EO, Fagbemi AA, Preet G, Soldatou S, Moody JO, Jaspars M, Ebel R. Can Crude Oil Exploration Influence the Phytochemicals and Bioactivity of Medicinal Plants? A Case of Nigerian Vernonia amygdalina and Ocimum gratissimum. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27238372. [PMID: 36500460 PMCID: PMC9740812 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The Nigerian Niger-Delta crude oil exploration often results in spills that affect indigenous medicinal plant biodiversity, likely changing the phytochemical profile of surviving species, their bioactivity or toxicity. In crude oil-rich Kokori and crude oil-free Abraka, classic examples of indigenous plants occupying the medicine-food interface include Vernonia amygdalina (VAL) and Ocimum gratissimum leaves (OGL). These plants are frequently utilised during pregnancy and in anaemia. To date, no scientific investigation has been reported on the potential changes to the phytochemical or bioactivity of the study plants. To discuss the similarities and dissimilarities in antisickling bioactivity and phytochemicals in VAL and OGL collected from Kokori (VAL-KK and OGL-KK) and Abraka (VAL-AB and OGL-AB), in silico, in vitro and comparative UPLC-QTOF-MS analysis was performed. Nine unique compounds were identified in OGL-KK, which have never been reported in the literature, while differences in antisickling potentials were observed in VAL-KK, OGL-KK and, VAL-AB, OGL-AB. Our findings show that VAL-AB and OGL-AB are richer and more diverse in phytochemicals and displayed a slightly higher antisickling activity than VAL-KK and OGL-KK. Ligand-based pharmacophore modelling was performed to understand the potential compounds better; this study may provide a basis for explaining the effect of crude oil spills on secondary metabolites and a reference for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwatofunmilayo A. Diyaolu
- Marine Biodiscovery Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, UK
- Correspondence: (O.A.D.); (R.E.)
| | - Emmanuel T. Oluwabusola
- Marine Biodiscovery Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, UK
| | - Alfred F. Attah
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Drug Development, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin 240003, Nigeria
| | - Eric O. Olori
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan 200005, Nigeria
| | - Adeshola A. Fagbemi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lead City University, Ibadan 200255, Nigeria
| | - Gagan Preet
- Marine Biodiscovery Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, UK
| | - Sylvia Soldatou
- Marine Biodiscovery Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, UK
| | - Jones O. Moody
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan 200005, Nigeria
| | - Marcel Jaspars
- Marine Biodiscovery Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, UK
| | - Rainer Ebel
- Marine Biodiscovery Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, UK
- Correspondence: (O.A.D.); (R.E.)
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De la Fuente MF, Souto A, Albuquerque UP, Schiel N. Self-medication in nonhuman primates: A systematic evaluation of the possible function of the use of medicinal plants. Am J Primatol 2022; 84:e23438. [PMID: 36193566 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.23438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Animal self-medication is thought to provide an adaptive advantage, as species would actively respond to a disease state or homeostatic imbalances. In wild nonhuman primates, it is challenging to differentiate plant use as part of the diet or as medication, especially because self-medication can be preventive or therapeutic. Here, we aimed to compile the available potential evidence on primate self-medication modes, investigating which proposed requirements are fulfilled for each plant species reported to date. We systematically reviewed the scientific literature on plant use for potential self-medication in wild nonhuman primates. To construct the extensive database, we extracted data on the primate species, study area, plant/plant's part used, the requirement(s) met for demonstrating self-medication modes, and self-medicative behavioral patterns. We also updated available information on plant's biological compounds and/or physical characteristics, pharmacological properties, and ethnomedical uses. We identified 575 plant species (135 families), used by 25 primate species (9 families). Plants were used by Old World monkeys (46.5%, n = 268 plant species), followed by apes (41%, n = 235), New World monkeys (13.4%, n = 77), and prosimians (1%, n = 6). We found three general types of self-medicative behaviors: ingestion (including, but not limited to, leaf-swallowing, seed-swallowing, and bitter pith chewing), topical (fur-rubbing), and nest fumigation. Plant uses were associated with antiparasitic, antibacterial, antimalarial, anti-inflammatory, insect repellent, among other properties. Self-medication is widespread in nonhuman primate species across Central and South America, Africa, Madagascar, and Asia. Long-term field research efforts and studies integrating different research sites and topics are urgent to advance our knowledge into the evolution of plant selection, medical traditions, and to bring insights into potentially novel medicinal plants and bioactive compounds to treat emergent or established primate and human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Fernanda De la Fuente
- Laboratório de Etologia Teórica e Aplicada, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Antonio Souto
- Laboratório de Etologia, Centro de Biociências, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Ulysses P Albuquerque
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Evolução de Sistemas Socioecológicos, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Nicola Schiel
- Laboratório de Etologia Teórica e Aplicada, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
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Uchegbu NN, Oni K, Olagunju TM. Vernonia amygdalina
processing as a functional ingredient: Oil‐thermal influence on antioxidant, vitamin, mineral, and functional group retention. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.16846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nneka N. Uchegbu
- Department of Food Science and Technology University of Nigeria Nsukka Nigeria
| | - Kunle Oni
- Department of Food Science and Technology Federal University Oye Ekiti Nigeria
| | - Titilope M. Olagunju
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering Obafemi Awolowo University Ile‐Ife Nigeria
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Ansari P, Akther S, Hannan JMA, Seidel V, Nujat NJ, Abdel-Wahab YHA. Pharmacologically Active Phytomolecules Isolated from Traditional Antidiabetic Plants and Their Therapeutic Role for the Management of Diabetes Mellitus. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27134278. [PMID: 35807526 PMCID: PMC9268530 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic complication that affects people of all ages. The increased prevalence of diabetes worldwide has led to the development of several synthetic drugs to tackle this health problem. Such drugs, although effective as antihyperglycemic agents, are accompanied by various side effects, costly, and inaccessible to the majority of people living in underdeveloped countries. Medicinal plants have been used traditionally throughout the ages to treat various ailments due to their availability and safe nature. Medicinal plants are a rich source of phytochemicals that possess several health benefits. As diabetes continues to become prevalent, health care practitioners are considering plant-based medicines as a potential source of antidiabetic drugs due to their high potency and fewer side effects. To better understand the mechanism of action of medicinal plants, their active phytoconstituents are being isolated and investigated thoroughly. In this review article, we have focused on pharmacologically active phytomolecules isolated from medicinal plants presenting antidiabetic activity and the role they play in the treatment and management of diabetes. These natural compounds may represent as good candidates for a novel therapeutic approach and/or effective and alternative therapies for diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prawej Ansari
- Department of Pharmacy, Independent University, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh; (S.A.); (J.M.A.H.); (N.J.N.)
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +880-1323-879720
| | - Samia Akther
- Department of Pharmacy, Independent University, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh; (S.A.); (J.M.A.H.); (N.J.N.)
| | - J. M. A. Hannan
- Department of Pharmacy, Independent University, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh; (S.A.); (J.M.A.H.); (N.J.N.)
| | - Veronique Seidel
- Natural Products Research Laboratory, Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK;
| | - Nusrat Jahan Nujat
- Department of Pharmacy, Independent University, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh; (S.A.); (J.M.A.H.); (N.J.N.)
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Aderibigbe SA, Opayemi OS, Bolaji SA, Idowu SO. In vitro effect of three tropical plants on adult Haemonchus placei, an haematophagous nematode from cattle. BENI-SUEF UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s43088-022-00255-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Vernonia amygdalina (leaf), Garcinia kola (seed), and Leucaena leucocephala (seed) are three well-known tropical plants used in African ethnomedicine to reduce parasitic worm burdens and are potential sources of alternative solution for controlling parasitic helminths infection in grazing livestock. This study investigated extracts from these plants for anthelmintic activity against adult Haemonchus placei, an haematophagous nematode from cattle abomasa. Powdered plant materials were macerated in acetone and the crude acetone extracts evaluated for anthelmintic activity using H. placei adult worm motility assay. Afterwards, fresh sample of V. amygdalina was macerated successively in chloroform and acetone and the extracts evaluated for anthelmintic activity. The chloroform extract was subjected to phytochemical and FT-IR analyses and fractionated by vacuum liquid chromatography. Anthelmintic data were fitted to a nonlinear regression equation (Log [extract or fraction] vs. lethality; variable slope) to produce best-fit sigmoidal curves and LC50 values computed with associated uncertainty.
Results
Of the three tropical plants, only V. amygdalina was active against adult H. placei with best-fit LC50 of 6.51 mg/mL (95% CI: 5.32–7.75). Evaluation of the two extracts obtained by successive maceration showed that chloroform extract (LC50, 2.46 mg/mL, 95% CI: 1.87–3.28) was 11 times as potent as acetone extract (LC50, 27.01 mg/mL, 95% CI: 21.32–48.57) (α < 0.0001). Chromatographic fractionation of the chloroform extract yielded four fractions (FA-FD) with FB (LC50, 2.38 mg/mL, 95% CI: 1.76–3.28) 2.19 times as potent as FC (LC50, 5.21 mg/mL, 95% CI: 4.40–5.79) against H. placei, while FA and FD were inactive. Phytochemical evaluation of the chloroform extract revealed the presence of saponins, steroids, terpenoids, cardiac glycosides, and the absence of tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids, and anthraquinones. FT-IR structural analysis of chloroform extract indicated the presence of key functional groups which are chemical fragments/ structural motifs known to be present in the two major classes of bioactive compounds (sesquiterpene lactones and steroid glucosides) reportedly to be found in V. amygdalina.
Conclusions
The findings showed that chloroform extract of V. amygdalina leaf possessed relatively good anthelmintic activity against adult H. placei. This could be indicative of its potential usefulness as an anthelmintic phytomedicine to control gastrointestinal nematodes infection in cattle.
Key highlights
Extracts of three different plant materials (one leaf, two seeds) were tested against adult Haemonchus placei in vitro;
Chloroform extract of Vernonia amygdalina was 11 times as potent as acetone extract;
Fractionation of the chloroform extract yielded a bioactive fraction responsible for about 90% of the total lethal effect of the chloroform extract.
Bioprocessing of V. amygdalina leaf could produce phytomedicines for organic livestock farming.
Graphical abstract
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12
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Huffman MA. Folklore, Animal Self-Medication, and Phytotherapy-Something Old, Something New, Something Borrowed, Some Things True. PLANTA MEDICA 2022; 88:187-199. [PMID: 34624907 DOI: 10.1055/a-1586-1665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The use of medicines was long considered by Western schools of thought to be a a domain unique to humans; however, folklore/Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK) from around the world suggests that animals have also long provided inspiration for the discovery of some medicinal plants used to treat humans and their livestock. Searching for medicinal knowledge from animals depends on the recognition of their ability to select and effectively use medicinal plants to prevent or actively ameliorate disease and other homeostatic imbalances. The interdisciplinary field of animal self-medication is providing scientific evidence for this ability in species across the animal kingdom and lends support to animal-origin medicinal plant folklore and recent ethnomedicinal information. Here, 14 case studies of purported animal-inspired plant medicines used by cultures around the world are presented together with ethnomedicinal and pharmacological evidence. Based on this evidence, the diversity and potential mode of self-medicative behaviors are considered. Over 20 animal species, including llama, sloth and jaguar in South America, reindeer and yak in Eurasia, langur and macaque in Asia, and chimpanzee, wild boar, porcupine and elephant in Africa, are linked to these case studies, representing a variety of potential preventative or therapeutic self-medicative behaviors. These examples provide an important perspective on what is likely to have been a much wider practice in the development of human traditional medicine. A role for animal self-medication research in the rejuvenation of old therapies and possible new discoveries of phytotherapies for human and livestock health is encouraged.
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Zirintunda G, Biryomumaisho S, Kasozi KI, Batiha GES, Kateregga J, Vudriko P, Nalule S, Olila D, Kajoba M, Matama K, Kwizera MR, Ghoneim MM, Abdelhamid M, Zaghlool SS, Alshehri S, Abdelgawad MA, Acai-Okwee J. Emerging Anthelmintic Resistance in Poultry: Can Ethnopharmacological Approaches Offer a Solution? Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:774896. [PMID: 35237147 PMCID: PMC8883056 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.774896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Limited pharmacological studies have been conducted on plant species used against poultry helminths. The objective of this study was to provide a basis for plant based anthelmintics as possible alternatives against poultry anthelmintic resistance. The study justified the need for alternative anthelmintics. The study places emphasis on the increasing anthelmintic resistance, mechanism of resistance, and preparational protocols for plant anthelmintics and their associated mechanism of action. Pharmaceutical studies on plants as alternative therapies for the control of helminth parasites have not been fully explored especially in several developing countries. Plants from a broad range of species produce a wide variety of compounds that are potential anthelmintics candidates. Important phenolic acids have been found in Brassica rapa L. and Terminalia avicenniodes Guill. and Perri that affect the cell signaling pathways and gene expression. Benzo (c) phenanthridine and isoquinoline alkaloids are neurotoxic to helminths. Steroidal saponins (polyphyllin D and dioscin) interact with helminthic mitochondrial activity, alter cell membrane permeability, vacuolation and membrane damage. Benzyl isothiocyanate glucosinolates interfere with DNA replication and protein expression, while isoflavones from Acacia oxyphylla cause helminth flaccid paralysis, inhibit energy generation, and affect calcium utilization. Condensed tannins have been shown to cause the death of nematodes and paralysis leading to expulsion from the gastro-intestinal tract. Flavonoids from Chenopodium album L and Mangifera indica L act through the action of phosphodiesterase and Ca2+-ATPase, and flavonoids and tannins have been shown to act synergistically and are complementary to praziquantel. Artemisinins from Artemisia cina O. Berg are known to disrupt mitochondrial ATP production. Terpenoids from Cucurbita moschata L disrupt neurotransmission leading to paralysis as well as disruption of egg hatching. Yeast particle encapsulated terpenes are effective for the control of albendazole-resistant helminths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald Zirintunda
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Resources, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Savino Biryomumaisho
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Resources, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Keneth Iceland Kasozi
- Infection Medicine, Deanery of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
- School of Medicine, Kabale University, Kabale, Uganda
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Albeheira, Egypt
| | - John Kateregga
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Resources, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Patrick Vudriko
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Resources, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Sarah Nalule
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Resources, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Deogracious Olila
- Department of Animal Production and Management, Faculty of Agriculture and Animal Sciences, Busitema University, Soroti, Uganda
| | - Mariam Kajoba
- School of Pharmacy, Kampala International University Western Campus, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Kevin Matama
- School of Pharmacy, Kampala International University Western Campus, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Mercy Rukundo Kwizera
- School of Pharmacy, Kampala International University Western Campus, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Mohammed M. Ghoneim
- Biology Department, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud Abdelhamid
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aswan University, Aswan, Egypt
| | - Sameh S. Zaghlool
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sultan Alshehri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A. Abdelgawad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Al Jouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - James Acai-Okwee
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Resources, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
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14
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Anthelminthic, Anti-Inflammatory, Antioxidant, and Antimicrobial Activities and FTIR Analyses of Vernonia camporum Stem-Bark. J CHEM-NY 2021. [DOI: 10.1155/2021/3328073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vernonia camporum is used ethnomedicinally to treat diseases such as malaria, fever, hypertension, mouth sores, pains, inflammation, and skin rashes in Africa. This study aims at investigating the biological activities (anthelminthic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial) and separating some of the biologically active components in the methanol crude extract of the stem-bark of Vernonia camporum. Phytochemical screening, anthelminthic (Lumbricus terrestris (earthworm)), anti-inflammatory (egg albumin denaturation), antioxidant (DPPH and H2O2 scavenging and total antioxidant capacity (TAC)), and antimicrobial (agar and broth dilution method) assays were performed on the extracts. Column chromatography and FTIR spectroscopic analysis were employed to separate and analyze the least polar constituents of the methanol extract. The preliminary phytochemical analyses revealed the presence of secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, phenols, tannins, saponins, terpenoids, flavonoids, steroids, phytosterols, proteins and amino acids, phlobatannins, glycosides, cardiac glycosides, coumarins, and anthocyanins. The extracts (methanol and hexane) showed a higher concentration-dependent anthelminthic activity. The extracts exhibited high concentration-dependent anti-inflammatory activities with IC50 values of 35.83 ± 3.984 and 53.91 ± 5.8413 µg/mL, respectively. The IC50 values for methanol and hexane extracts in the DPPH assay were 17.70 ± 3.430 and 29.54 ± 1.5437 µg/mL, and those of the H2O2 assay were 243.20 ± 0.1528 and 352.20 ± 12.64 µg/mL, respectively. TAC results for methanol and hexane extracts were recorded as 31.592 ± 1.682 and 30.232 ± 0.445 gAAE/100 g, respectively. The extracts were observed to exhibit antimicrobial activity against test organisms with MICs ranging from 0.1953 to 25.00 mg/mL. Chromatographic separations gave four fractions. FTIR analysis indicated the presence of various functional groups in purified fractions of the methanol extract that confirms the presence of the phytochemicals identified in the screening test. The results indicate that both extracts of V. camporum possess anthelminthic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities supporting the traditional usage of this plant.
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15
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Gyebi GA, Elfiky AA, Ogunyemi OM, Ibrahim IM, Adegunloye AP, Adebayo JO, Olaiya CO, Ocheje JO, Fabusiwa MM. Structure-based virtual screening suggests inhibitors of 3-Chymotrypsin-Like Protease of SARS-CoV-2 from Vernonia amygdalina and Occinum gratissimum. Comput Biol Med 2021; 136:104671. [PMID: 34332348 PMCID: PMC8294106 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2021.104671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Antiviral culinary plants are potential bioresources for preventive nutraceuticals and/or antiviral drugs in COVID-19. Structure-based virtual screening was undertaken to screen 173 compounds previously reported from Vernonia amygdalina and Occinum gratissimum for direct interaction with the active site of the 3-Chymotrypsin-Like Protease (3CLpro) of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Based on docking scores and comparison with reference inhibitors, a hit-list of 10 top phytocompounds was defined, which also had strong interactions with the catalytic centre of 3CLpro from three related strains of coronavirus (SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, HKU4). Among these, six compounds (neoandrographolide, vernolide, isorhamnetin, chicoric acid, luteolin, and myricetin) exhibited the highest binding tendencies to the equilibrated conformers of SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro in an in-depth docking analysis to 5 different representative conformations from the cluster analysis of the molecular dynamics simulation (MDS) trajectories of the protein. In silico drug-likeness analyses revealed two drug-like terpenoids viz: neoandrographolide and vernolide as promising inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro. These structures were accommodated within the substrate-binding pocket; and interacted with the catalytic dyad (Cys145 and His41), the oxyanion loop (residues 138-145), and the S1/S2 sub-sites of the enzyme active site through the formation of an array of hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions. Molecular dynamics simulation and binding free energy calculation revealed that the terpenoid-enzyme complexes exhibit strong interactions and structural stability. Therefore, these compounds may stabilize the conformation of the flexible oxyanion loop; and thereby interfere with the tetrahedral oxyanion intermediate formation during the proteolytic activity of the enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gideon A Gyebi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Bingham University, Karu, Nasarawa, Nigeria
| | - Abdo A Elfiky
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Sciences, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Oludare M Ogunyemi
- Human Nutraceuticals and Bioinformatics Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Salem University, Nigeria.
| | - Ibrahim M Ibrahim
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Sciences, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Adegbenro P Adegunloye
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Joseph O Adebayo
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Charles O Olaiya
- Nutritional and Industrial Biochemistry Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, 200005, Nigeria
| | - Joshua O Ocheje
- Human Nutraceuticals and Bioinformatics Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Salem University, Nigeria
| | - Modupe M Fabusiwa
- Human Nutraceuticals and Bioinformatics Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Salem University, Nigeria
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16
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Identification of chlorophyll a-b binding protein AB96 as a novel TGFβ1 neutralizing agent. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7740. [PMID: 33833368 PMCID: PMC8032758 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87454-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of compounds and proteins from plants has greatly contributed to modern medicine. Vernonia amygdalina Del. (Compositae) is used by humans and primates for a variety of conditions including parasitic infection. This paper describes the serendipitous discovery that V. amygdalina extract was able to bind to, and functionally inhibit, active TGFβ1. The binding agent was isolated and identified as chlorophyll a-b binding protein AB96. Given that active TGFβ1 contributes to the pathology of many infectious diseases, inhibiting these processes may explain some of the benefits associated with the ingestion of this species. This is the first plant-derived cytokine-neutralizing protein to be described and paves the way for further such discoveries.
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17
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Dumas NGE, Anderson NTY, Godswill NN, Thiruvengadam M, Ana-Maria G, Ramona P, Crisan GC, Laurian V, Shariati MA, Tokhtarov Z, Emmanuel Y. Secondary metabolite contents and antimicrobial activity of leaf extracts reveal genetic variability of Vernonia amygdalina and Vernonia calvoana morphotypes. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2020; 68:938-947. [PMID: 32881085 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Vernonia species (Asteraceae) are indigenous medicinal and food leaf vegetables commonly consumed in some African countries like Cameroon where they constitute a staple dish called "ndolé." Previous studies have demonstrated the nutritional importance of Vernonia, but there is little knowledge of their agronomic value and genetic potentials. Wide genetic variability in the genus has been established earlier through the study of its pollen. However, to the best of our understanding, no such study has been undertaken on the genetic variability of Vernonia with respect to its secondary metabolites. This study was therefore aimed at evaluating the genetic variability of Vernonia amygdalina (VAA and VALF) and V. calvoana (VCAB, VCAV, VCSB, and VCSV) morphotypes in 2016 based on secondary metabolite content and antimicrobial properties. This involved phytochemical analysis by HPLC/MS for the detection of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, and tannins in leaves from each of the six genotypes. Results showed that all tested genotypes are rich in phenols (18 analyzed), flavonoids, and tannins with, VAA richer in phenols (206.1 ± 3.12 µg/g of dry extract), followed by VCAV (197.9 ± 18.03 µg/g). The lowest level of flavonoid was found in VCSV (81.6 ± 7.21 µg/g), while the highest was from VCAB (132.8 ± 31.5 µg/g). VCSV (56.3 ± 4.08 µg/g) had the lowest level of tannins, while VCAB (97.8 ± 23.8 µg/g) had the highest levels. Assessment of antimicrobial activity of leaf extracts from the six genotypes was done by culture on Mueller Hinton (MH) agar and MH broth agar for bacteria and in Sabouraud dextrose agar and Sabouraud dextrose broth media for fungi, respectively. All morphotypes exhibited inhibitory activity on bacteria except VAA, with isoquercetin characteristic of VCSV. Chemotaxonomic analyses of Vernonia morphotypes highlighted the genetic diversity within species and variability of antimicrobial properties of ethanolic leaf extracts among morphotypes. These results provide baseline data in the valuation of genetic resources and the establishment of improvement programs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ngandjui Tchangoue Yvan Anderson
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde 1, Yaounde, Cameroon.,Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Luliu Hatieganu" Str. Gheorghe Marinescu, Cluj-Napoca, Cluj, 400337, Romania
| | - Ntsomboh-Ntsefong Godswill
- Faculty of Science, Department of Plant Biology, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon.,Directorate of Research Valorisation and Innovation, Institute of Agricultural Research for Development (IRAD), Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Muthu Thiruvengadam
- Department of Crop Science, College of Sanghuh Life Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Gheldiu Ana-Maria
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Luliu Hatieganu" 8, Victor Babes, Cluj-Napoca, Cluj, 400012, Romania
| | - Paltinean Ramona
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Luliu Hatieganu" Str. Gheorghe Marinescu, Cluj-Napoca, Cluj, 400337, Romania
| | - Gianina Cristina Crisan
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Luliu Hatieganu" Str. Gheorghe Marinescu, Cluj-Napoca, Cluj, 400337, Romania
| | - Vlase Laurian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Luliu Hatieganu" 8, Victor Babes, Cluj-Napoca, Cluj, 400012, Romania
| | - Mohammad Ali Shariati
- Department of Technology of Food Production, K. G. Razumovsky Moscow State University of Technologies and Management (The First Cossack University), Moscow, 109004, Russian Federation
| | | | - Youmbi Emmanuel
- Faculty of Science, Department of Plant Biology, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon.,Tissue Culture Laboratory, African Centre for Research on Banana and Plantain (CARBAP), Njombe, Cameroon
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18
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El Hajj M, Holst L. Herbal Medicine Use During Pregnancy: A Review of the Literature With a Special Focus on Sub-Saharan Africa. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:866. [PMID: 32581815 PMCID: PMC7296102 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Herbal medicine use has grown considerably worldwide among pregnant women, and is particularly widespread in sub-Saharan Africa. However, herbal medicines used across sub-Saharan Africa are associated with important research gaps and a lack of regulatory framework. This is particularly problematic, as herbal medicine use during pregnancy raises several concerns attributed to the herbal ingredient itself, conventional drug-herbal medicine interactions, and contamination or adulteration of herbal remedies. Moreover, several local herbal remedies used by sub-Saharan African pregnant women have never been botanically identified. In this review, an overview of the practice of herbal medicine, including the regulations, challenges and overall safety, is provided. Then, we discuss the prevalence of herbal medicine use during pregnancy across different sub-Saharan African countries, as well as the indications, adverse outcomes, and effectiveness of the most commonly used herbal medicines during pregnancy in that region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magalie El Hajj
- Centre for International Health, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Medical Affairs, Partner 4 Health, Paris, France
| | - Lone Holst
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Centre for Pharmacy, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Luu TQ, Le PT, Le KCM, Phan AHT, Zitzmann K, Nguyen KT, Phan NVH, Nguyen KT. Improving the quality of
Vernonia amygdalina
extract by ultrasound‐assisted extraction coupled with gas bubble flotation. J FOOD PROCESS ENG 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpe.13284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Trong Q. Luu
- School of Biotechnology, International UniversityViet Nam National University Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
| | - Phat T. Le
- School of Biotechnology, International UniversityViet Nam National University Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
| | - Khoa C. M. Le
- School of Biotechnology, International UniversityViet Nam National University Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
| | - An H. T. Phan
- School of Biotechnology, International UniversityViet Nam National University Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
| | - Kim Zitzmann
- College of ScienceUniversity College Dublin, Belfield Dublin Ireland
| | - Kim T. Nguyen
- School of Biotechnology, International UniversityViet Nam National University Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
| | - Nam V. H. Phan
- Ho Chi Minh City Medicine and Pharmacy University Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
| | - Khoi T. Nguyen
- School of Biotechnology, International UniversityViet Nam National University Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
- School of Chemical EngineeringThe University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia
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