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Amiri Khosroshahi R, Barkhordar M, Talebi S, Imani H, Sadeghi E, Mousavi SA, Mohammadi H. The impact of malnutrition on mortality and complications of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in patients with acute leukemia. Clin Nutr 2023; 42:2520-2527. [PMID: 37925779 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2023.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Malnutrition is common in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) patients. However, there are few studies on the association between malnutrition and post-transplant outcomes, with inconsistent results. No standard screening tool has been established for malnutrition in these patients. Previous research suggests the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria is effective in predicting outcomes in other cancers. This study investigates the link between malnutrition based on the GLIM criteria with mortality and complications following allogeneic HSCT. METHODS This single-center, observational, longitudinal, and prospective study of 98 adult leukemia patients at the Hematology Center of Shariati Hospital in Tehran, Iran, monitored patients before transplantation until 100 days after the procedure, focusing on overall survival and mortality as a primary outcome, and secondary endpoints including oral mucositis, acute GVHD, infection during hospitalization, and readmission rates. RESULTS This study involved 98 allogeneic HSCT patients with a median age of 38 years old, 64.3 % with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and 35.7 % with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Among them, 26.5 % were categorized as malnourished based on GLIM criteria. During 100 days of follow-up, 13 patients died, but there was no significant difference in overall survival and mortality between malnourished and well-nourished patients. Malnourished patients demonstrated a noticeable upward trend in the incidence of oral mucositis, hospital readmission, and infection during their hospitalization. It is important to highlight that although this observed trend is discernible, it did not attain statistical significance in statistical analyses (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION The current study determined that, when assessed using the GLIM criteria, malnutrition did not exert a statistically significant influence on survival, mortality, or complications within the specified age range of 18-55 years, underscoring its limited impact on this cohort of younger patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Amiri Khosroshahi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Barkhordar
- Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Cell Therapy and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepide Talebi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Students' Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Imani
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Erfan Sadeghi
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Seyed Asadollah Mousavi
- Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Cell Therapy and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Mohammadi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Casirati A, Salcedo I, Cereda E, Chabannon C, Ruggeri A, Kuball J, Clout R, Mooyaart JE, Kenyon M, Caccialanza R, Pedrazzoli P, Kisch AM. The European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT) roadmap and perspectives to improve nutritional care in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation on behalf of the Cellular Therapy and Immunobiology Working Party (CTIWP) and the Nurses Group (NG) of the EBMT. Bone Marrow Transplant 2023; 58:965-972. [PMID: 37407728 DOI: 10.1038/s41409-023-02018-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Malnutrition is the most common comorbidity during the continuum of hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) and negatively impacts clinical outcomes, response to therapy, quality of life, and costs. The intensive conditioning regimen administered before transplant causes inflammatory damages to the gastrointestinal system, which themselves contribute to trigger graft versus host disease (GvHD) in the allogeneic setting. GvHD and other post-transplant complications such as infections adversely affect food intake and gut absorption of nutrients. Consequently, patients exhibit signs of malnutrition such as weight loss and muscle wasting, thus triggering a "vicious circle" that favours additional complications. Among HSCT centres, there is marked variability in nutritional care, from screening for malnutrition to nutritional intervention. The present paper, elaborated by the Cellular Therapy and Immunobiology Working Party and the Nurses Group of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation, aims at defining a roadmap that identifies the main nutritional critical issues in the field of HSCT. This document will be propaedeutic to the development of clinical algorithms to counteract risk factors of malnutrition, based on scientific evidence and shared among HSCT centres, and thus maximize transplant outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Casirati
- Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Isabel Salcedo
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, IDIPHISA, Madrid, Spain
| | - Emanuele Cereda
- Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Christian Chabannon
- Centre de Thérapie Cellulaire & Centre d'Investigations Cliniques en Biothérapies Inserm CBT-1409, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Annalisa Ruggeri
- Hematology and BMT Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Jurgen Kuball
- Department of Hematology and Center for Translational Immunology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ruth Clout
- Department of Haematology and Transplant Unit, The Christie Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | | | - Michelle Kenyon
- Department of Haematological Medicine, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Riccardo Caccialanza
- Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Paolo Pedrazzoli
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Therapy, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
- Department of Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Annika M Kisch
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Radiation Physics, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden and Institute of Health Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Friend BD, Broglie L, Logan BR, Chhabra S, Bupp C, Schiller G, Beitinjaneh A, Perez MAD, Guilcher GMT, Hashem H, Hildebrandt GC, Krem MM, Lazarus HM, Nishihori T, Nusrat R, Rotz SJ, Wirk B, Wieduwilt M, Pasquini M, Savani BN, Stadtmauer EA, Sorror ML, Thakar MS. Adapting the HCT-CI Definitions for Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults with Hematologic Malignancies Undergoing Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation. Transplant Cell Ther 2023; 29:123.e1-123.e10. [PMID: 36442769 PMCID: PMC9911376 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtct.2022.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation is a curative procedure for hematologic malignancies but is associated with a significant risk of non-relapse mortality (NRM). The Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation-Comorbidity Index (HCT-CI) is a prognostic tool that discriminates this risk in all age groups. A recent survey of transplant physicians demonstrated that 79% of pediatric providers used the HCT-CI infrequently, and most reported concerns about its applicability in the younger population. We conducted a retrospective study using the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research database to examine the impact of expanded HCT-CI definitions on NRM in pediatric and young adult patients with hematologic malignancies. We included 5790 patients <40 years old receiving allogeneic transplants between 2008 and 2017 to examine broader definitions of comorbidities in the HCT-CI, including history of mechanical ventilation and fungal infection, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and body mass index (BMI) percentiles. Multivariable Fine-Gray models were created to determine the effect of each HCT-CI defining comorbidity and its modification on NRM and were used to develop 2 novel risk scores. We next developed the expanded HCT-CI for children and young adults (youth with malignancies; expanded ymHCT-CI), where 23% patients had an increased comorbidity score, compared to the HCT-CI. Comorbidities with hazard ratio < 1.2 were then removed to create the simplified HCT-CI for children and young adults (youth with malignancies; simplified ymHCT-CI), which demonstrated higher scores corresponded to a greater risk of NRM (P < .001). These novel comorbidity indexes with broader definitions are more relevant to pediatric and young adult patients, and prospective studies are needed to validate these in the younger patient population. It remains to be seen whether the development of these pediatric-specific and practical risk indexes increases their use by the pediatric transplant community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian D Friend
- Baylor College of Medicine Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Houston, Texas
| | - Larisa Broglie
- CIBMTR (Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research), Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin; Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/Blood and Marrow Transplant, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Brent R Logan
- Division of Biostatistics, Institute for Health and Equity, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin; CIBMTR (Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research), Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Saurabh Chhabra
- CIBMTR (Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research), Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona.
| | - Caitrin Bupp
- CIBMTR (Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research), National Marrow Donor Program/Be The Match, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Gary Schiller
- Hematological Malignancy/Stem Cell Transplant Program, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Amer Beitinjaneh
- Division of Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, University of Miami Hospital and Clinics, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, Florida
| | - Miguel Angel Diaz Perez
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesus, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gregory M T Guilcher
- Section of Pediatric Oncology/Cellular Therapy, Alberta Children's Hospital, Departments of Oncology and Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Hasan Hashem
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman, Jordan
| | | | | | - Hillard M Lazarus
- University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Taiga Nishihori
- Department of Blood & Marrow Transplant and Cellular Immunotherapy (BMT CI), Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | | | - Seth J Rotz
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology, and Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Cleveland Clinic Children's Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Baldeep Wirk
- Bone Marrow Transplant Program, Penn State Cancer Institute, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Matthew Wieduwilt
- Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma, Stephenson Cancer Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Marcelo Pasquini
- CIBMTR (Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research), Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Bipin N Savani
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Edward A Stadtmauer
- University of Pennsylvania Abramson Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Mohamed L Sorror
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - Monica S Thakar
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
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Morello E, Arena F, Malagola M, Farina M, Polverelli N, Cavagna E, Colnaghi F, Donna L, Zollner T, Accorsi Buttini E, Andreoli M, Ricci C, Leoni A, Samarani E, Bertulli A, Leali D, Bernardi S, Russo D. Malnutrition Prevention after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (alloHSCT): A Prospective Explorative Interventional Study with an Oral Polymeric Formulation Enriched with Transforming Growth Factor Beta 2 (TGF-β2). Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14173589. [PMID: 36079847 PMCID: PMC9460256 DOI: 10.3390/nu14173589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Malnutrition is common after allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (alloHSCT), and interventions directed to correct nutritional status are warranted to improve transplant outcomes. In this prospective study, an oral polymeric formulation enriched with TGF-β2 (TE-OPF) was explored to correct malnutrition according to Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA). TE-OPF was proposed to 51 consecutive patients who received transplants at our institution for hematological malignancies, and sufficient dose intake was established per protocol as at least 50% of the prescribed dose of TE-OPF: group A received adequate nutritional support; group B, inadequate. The study met the primary outcomes in terms of safety (no adverse events reported during TE-OPF intake except for its disgusting taste) and malnutrition (PG-SGA C 28 days after transplant): severely malnourished patients (PG-SGA C) accounted for 13% in group A and 88.9% in group B (p = 0.000). At the end of the study, after a median follow-up of 416 days, the estimated median Overall Survival (OS) was 734 days for well or moderately nourished patients (PG-SGA A/B) in comparison to 424 for malnourished patients (p = 0.03). Inadequate TE-OPF intake was associated with an increase in acute gastrointestinal Graft Versus Host Disease (GVHD) cumulative incidence (38% vs. 0% p = 0.006). A higher incidence of pneumonia was reported in group B (p = 0.006). IGF-1 levels at 14 and 28 days after transplant were significantly higher in group A and were associated with a lower incidence of acute GVHD (aGVHD). Higher subsets of B, T, and NK cells were found in group A, and a higher number of CD16+ NK cells was associated with a lower incidence of acute GVHD (p = 0.005) and increased survival at the end of the study (p = 0.023). Artificial neural network analysis suggested that inadequate TE-OPF intake, pneumonia, and sepsis significantly affected malnutrition 28 days after alloHSCT and survival 365 days after alloHSCT (normalized importance 100%, 82%, and 68%, respectively). In this exploratory and preliminary study, the use of TE-OPF appeared to reduce the incidence of malnutrition after alloHSCT, but larger and controlled studies are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Morello
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, ASST-Spedali Civili di Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
- Correspondence: (E.M.); (F.A.); (S.B.); Tel.: +39-0303996811 (E.M.)
| | - Francesco Arena
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, ASST-Spedali Civili di Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
- Correspondence: (E.M.); (F.A.); (S.B.); Tel.: +39-0303996811 (E.M.)
| | - Michele Malagola
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, ASST-Spedali Civili di Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Mirko Farina
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, ASST-Spedali Civili di Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Nicola Polverelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, ASST-Spedali Civili di Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Elsa Cavagna
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, ASST-Spedali Civili di Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Federica Colnaghi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, ASST-Spedali Civili di Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Donna
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, ASST-Spedali Civili di Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Tatiana Zollner
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, ASST-Spedali Civili di Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Eugenia Accorsi Buttini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, ASST-Spedali Civili di Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Marco Andreoli
- Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition Unit, ASST-Spedali Civili Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Chiara Ricci
- Gastroenterology Unit, ASST-Spedali Civili Brescia—University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Leoni
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, ASST-Spedali Civili di Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Emanuela Samarani
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, ASST-Spedali Civili di Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Alice Bertulli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, ASST-Spedali Civili di Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Daria Leali
- Central Laboratory, ASST-Spedali Civili Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Simona Bernardi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, ASST-Spedali Civili di Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
- Correspondence: (E.M.); (F.A.); (S.B.); Tel.: +39-0303996811 (E.M.)
| | - Domenico Russo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, ASST-Spedali Civili di Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
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Kranjčec I, Matijašić N, Mašić M, Švigir A, Jakovljević G, Bolanča A. Nutritional status as a predictor of adverse events and survival in pediatric autologous stem cell transplant. Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2020; 37:717-731. [PMID: 32715852 DOI: 10.1080/08880018.2020.1797254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Nutritional status is recognized as an independent and modifiable risk factor of outcome in stem cell transplant. Our research aim was to evaluate the impact of body mass index (BMI) and serum albumin on the prevalence of adverse events and survival in autologous transplant in children. A retrospective study was conducted of autologous transplants performed between 2006 and 2017 in the Children's Hospital Zagreb, Croatia. Nutritional status was assessed at the times of diagnosis, procedure, and discharge using BMI (underweight, normal, obese) and serum albumin (grades 1-4). Adverse events (fever, gastrointestinal toxicity, electrolyte disturbances, dysglycemia) and outcome (3-year, relapse, mortality) were documented. Seventy-seven children (54.5% males, mean age 7.9 years) underwent autologous transplant, mostly for neuroblastoma. In terms of BMI and albumin, which showed significant positive correlation at diagnosis (p = 0.026) and transplant (p = 0.016), most participants were well nourished. Average post-transplant weight loss was 4%. Major toxicities were severe mucositis (72.7%) and hypophosphatemia (31.2%). Relapse and mortality rates were 35.1% and 42.9%, respectively. Hypokalemia (p = 0.041) and hypomagnesemia (p = 0.044) were more prevalent in the underweight group, while obese children experienced significantly less severe mucositis (p = 0.016) and hypophosphatemia (p = 0.038). There was no significant difference regarding outcome among children of different nutritional status, although undernourished children tended to have lower relapse and mortality rates. In conclusion, underweight children are significantly more prone to severe electrolyte disorders and mucositis, and although statistical significance was not reached, are more likely to survive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Kranjčec
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Children's Hospital Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nuša Matijašić
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mario Mašić
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Alen Švigir
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Gordana Jakovljević
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Children's Hospital Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.,Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Ante Bolanča
- Department of Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Center Sestre milosrdnice, Zagreb, Croatia.,School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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6
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Optimization of nutrition support practices early after hematopoietic cell transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant 2020; 56:314-326. [PMID: 33040076 DOI: 10.1038/s41409-020-01078-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Nutrition support is often required during hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) given the gastrointestinal toxicity that frequently precludes adequate protein-calorie intake. This article reviews the latest evidence for enteral versus parenteral nutrition in the adult and pediatric HCT population and addresses key considerations as well as barriers to implement this in practice. Registered Dietitian Nutritionists are key members of the interdisciplinary team to proactively manage enteral nutrition support to provide timely, adequate protein and calories to help prevent malnutrition, loss of lean body mass, and functional decline as well as provide evidence-based diet recommendations. This article also reviews emerging research supporting the role of luminal nutrients to maintain microbiotal diversity.
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Friend BD, Tang K, Markovic D, Elashoff D, Moore TB, Schiller GJ. Identifying risk factors associated with worse outcomes in adolescents and young adults undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2019; 66:e27940. [PMID: 31429528 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.27940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescents and young adults (AYAs) undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) have unique risk factors and poor outcomes when compared to children, but this population has not been well studied. A hematopoietic stem cell transplantation-comorbidity index (HCT-CI) has been developed in adults to help predict outcomes, yet this index does not seem suitable for a younger population. Therefore, we sought to examine the prevalence of various risk factors in AYAs undergoing allogeneic HSCT and determine which factors had the greatest impact on overall survival (OS) and treatment-related mortality (TRM). PROCEDURES This was accomplished by retrospectively collecting data on 241 patients who received their first allogeneic HSCT at UCLA between 2005 and 2015. We investigated the effect of multiple predictors using the Cox proportional hazards model and Fine and Gray competing risk model for OS and TRM, respectively. RESULTS Our results showed that AYAs undergoing allogeneic HSCT had poor outcomes, with 5-year OS and NRM of 48% and 30%, respectively. We demonstrated that compared to a baseline model, the addition of the HCT-CI did not improve its ability to predict OS, while substituting individual comorbidities, that is, an unweighted comorbidity score, resulted in significant improvement in model performance. The factors associated with inferior outcomes were used to develop an AYA-specific risk score. CONCLUSIONS The comorbidities included in the HCT-CI as well as additional risk factors seen in younger populations need to be studied in prospective studies with the goal of validating and refining a risk score specific to AYA patients undergoing allogeneic HSCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian D Friend
- Department of Pediatrics, UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Pediatrics, Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Kevin Tang
- Department of Pediatrics, UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, California
| | - Daniela Markovic
- Department of Medicine Statistics Core, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - David Elashoff
- Department of Medicine Statistics Core, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Theodore B Moore
- Department of Pediatrics, UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, California
| | - Gary J Schiller
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
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