1
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Wu J, Lu J, Mao L, Xu M, Dai L, Wang Y. Targeting HNRNPA2B1 inhibits enterovirus 71 replication in SK-N-SH cells. Virus Res 2023; 336:199224. [PMID: 37716669 PMCID: PMC10511483 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2023.199224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2B1 (HNRNPA2B1) on the replication of enterovirus 71 (EV-71) in SK-N-SH cells. METHODS The mRNA and protein expression of HNRNPA2B1 in SK-N-SH cells were detected by real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) and western blotting (WB), respectively. WB was used to detect HNRNPA2B1 protein expression in the nucleus and cytosol. The localization of HNRNPA2B1 protein in the nucleus and cytosol was detected by immunofluorescence (IF). The expression of HNRNPA2B1 was inhibited by small interfering RNA (si-HNRNPA2B1). Viral RNA, viral structural protein VP1, and viral titer were detected by qRT-PCR, WB, and viral dilution counting, respectively. RESULTS EV-71 infection significantly upregulates the expression of HNRNPA2B1 in SK-N-SH cells. EV-71 infection promotes HNRNPA2B1 nucleus-cytoplasm redistribution. Down-regulation of HNRNPA2B1 expression significantly inhibited EV-71 replication. CONCLUSION HNRNPA2B1 protein redistributed from nucleus to cytoplasm and is highly expressed in the cytoplasm during EV-71 infection. Inhibition of HNRNPA2B1 levels effectively inhibits EV-71 replication in SK-N-SH cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou Mental Health Center, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215137, China.
| | - Jian Lu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215008, China
| | - Lingxiang Mao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan, Jiangsu 215300, China
| | - Meiqin Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou Mental Health Center, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215137, China
| | - Lu Dai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou Mental Health Center, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215137, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou Mental Health Center, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215137, China
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2
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Procyk G, Grodzka O, Procyk M, Gąsecka A, Głuszek K, Wrzosek M. MicroRNAs in Myocarditis-Review of the Preclinical In Vivo Trials. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2723. [PMID: 37893097 PMCID: PMC10604573 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11102723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocarditis is an inflammatory heart disease with viruses as the most common cause. Regardless of multiple studies that have recently been conducted, the diagnostic options still need to be improved. Although endomyocardial biopsy is known as a diagnostic gold standard, it is invasive and, thus, only sometimes performed. Novel techniques of cardiac magnetic resonance are not readily available. Therapy in viral infections is based mainly on symptomatic treatment, while steroids and intravenous immunoglobulins are used in autoimmune myocarditis. The effectiveness of neither of these methods has been explicitly proven to date. Therefore, novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies are highly needed. MiRNAs are small, non-coding molecules that regulate fundamental cell functions, including differentiation, metabolism, and apoptosis. They present altered levels in different diseases, including myocarditis. Numerous studies investigating the role of miRNAs in myocarditis have already been conducted. In this review, we discussed only the original preclinical in vivo research. We eventually included 30 studies relevant to the discussed area. The altered miRNA levels have been observed, including upregulation and downregulation of different miRNAs in the mice models of myocarditis. Furthermore, the administration of mimics or inhibitors of particular miRNAs was shown to significantly influence inflammation, morphology, and function of the heart and overall survival. Finally, some studies presented prospective advantages in vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Procyk
- 1st Chair and Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1A, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
- Doctoral School, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Olga Grodzka
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Medical University of Warsaw, Ceglowska 80, 01-809 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcelina Procyk
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Gąsecka
- 1st Chair and Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1A, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Głuszek
- Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University of Kielce, 25-406 Kielce, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Wrzosek
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacogenomics, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
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3
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AbdelMassih A, Agha H, El-Saiedi S, El-Sisi A, El Shershaby M, Gaber H, Ismail HA, El-Husseiny N, Amin AR, ElBoraie A, Ayad A, Menshawey E, Sefein F, Osman II, Moursi M, Hanafy M, Abdelaziz MS, Arsanyous MB, Khaled-Ibn-El-Walid M, Tawfik MG, Habib M, Mansour ME, Ashraf M, Khattab MA, Alshehry N, Hafez N, ElDeeb NE, Ashraf N, Khalil N, AbdElSalam NI, Shebl N, Hafez NGA, Youssef NH, Bahnan O, Ismail P, Kelada P, Menshawey R, Saeed R, Husseiny RJ, Yasser R, Sharaf S, Adel V, Naeem Y, Nicola YNF, Kamel A, Hozaien R, Fouda R. The role of miRNAs in viral myocarditis, and its possible implication in induction of mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines-induced myocarditis. BULLETIN OF THE NATIONAL RESEARCH CENTRE 2022; 46:267. [PMID: 36415483 PMCID: PMC9672617 DOI: 10.1186/s42269-022-00955-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several reports of unheeded complications secondary to the current mass international rollout of SARS-COV-2 vaccines, one of which is myocarditis occurring with the FDA fully approved vaccine, Pfizer, and others. MAIN BODY OF THE ABSTRACT Certain miRNAs (non-coding RNA sequences) are involved in the pathogenesis in viral myocarditis, and those miRNAs are interestingly upregulated in severe COVID-19. We hypothesize that the use of mRNA-based vaccines may be triggering the release of host miRNAs or that trigger the occurrence of myocarditis. This is based on the finding of altered host miRNA expression promoting virus-induced myocarditis. SHORT CONCLUSION In conclusion, miRNAs are likely implicated in myocarditis associated with mRNA vaccines. Our hypothesis suggests the use of miRNA as a biomarker for the diagnosis of mRNA vaccine-induced myocarditis. Additionally, the interplay between viral miRNA and the host immune system could alter inflammatory profiles, hence suggesting the use of therapeutic inhibition to prevent such complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine AbdelMassih
- Pediatric Cardiology Unit, Pediatrics’ Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, P.O. Box 12411, Cairo, Egypt
- Pediatric Cardio-Oncology Clinic, Children Cancer Hospital of Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hala Agha
- Pediatric Cardiology Unit, Pediatrics’ Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, P.O. Box 12411, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sonia El-Saiedi
- Pediatric Cardiology Unit, Pediatrics’ Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, P.O. Box 12411, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amal El-Sisi
- Pediatric Cardiology Unit, Pediatrics’ Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, P.O. Box 12411, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Meryam El Shershaby
- Student and Internship Research Program (Research Accessibility Team), Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hanya Gaber
- Student and Internship Research Program (Research Accessibility Team), Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Habiba-Allah Ismail
- Student and Internship Research Program (Research Accessibility Team), Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nadine El-Husseiny
- Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Pixagon Graphic Design Agency, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abeer Reda Amin
- Student and Internship Research Program (Research Accessibility Team), Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Aly ElBoraie
- Student and Internship Research Program (Research Accessibility Team), Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Aya Ayad
- Student and Internship Research Program (Research Accessibility Team), Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Esraa Menshawey
- Student and Internship Research Program (Research Accessibility Team), Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Fady Sefein
- Student and Internship Research Program (Research Accessibility Team), Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim Ihab Osman
- Student and Internship Research Program (Research Accessibility Team), Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mai Moursi
- Student and Internship Research Program (Research Accessibility Team), Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maram Hanafy
- Student and Internship Research Program (Research Accessibility Team), Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mariam Sherif Abdelaziz
- Student and Internship Research Program (Research Accessibility Team), Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mariem Badr Arsanyous
- Student and Internship Research Program (Research Accessibility Team), Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mariam Khaled-Ibn-El-Walid
- Student and Internship Research Program (Research Accessibility Team), Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marwa Gamal Tawfik
- Student and Internship Research Program (Research Accessibility Team), Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Menna Habib
- Student and Internship Research Program (Research Accessibility Team), Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mina Ehab Mansour
- Student and Internship Research Program (Research Accessibility Team), Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mirette Ashraf
- Student and Internship Research Program (Research Accessibility Team), Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Ayman Khattab
- Student and Internship Research Program (Research Accessibility Team), Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nada Alshehry
- Student and Internship Research Program (Research Accessibility Team), Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nada Hafez
- Student and Internship Research Program (Research Accessibility Team), Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Naheel Essam ElDeeb
- Student and Internship Research Program (Research Accessibility Team), Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nirvana Ashraf
- Student and Internship Research Program (Research Accessibility Team), Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Noha Khalil
- Student and Internship Research Program (Research Accessibility Team), Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Noheir Ismail AbdElSalam
- Student and Internship Research Program (Research Accessibility Team), Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Noura Shebl
- Student and Internship Research Program (Research Accessibility Team), Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nouran Gamal Ali Hafez
- Student and Internship Research Program (Research Accessibility Team), Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nourhan Hatem Youssef
- Student and Internship Research Program (Research Accessibility Team), Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Odette Bahnan
- Student and Internship Research Program (Research Accessibility Team), Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Passant Ismail
- Student and Internship Research Program (Research Accessibility Team), Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Peter Kelada
- Student and Internship Research Program (Research Accessibility Team), Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rahma Menshawey
- Student and Internship Research Program (Research Accessibility Team), Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rana Saeed
- Student and Internship Research Program (Research Accessibility Team), Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Reem Jalal Husseiny
- Student and Internship Research Program (Research Accessibility Team), Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Reem Yasser
- Student and Internship Research Program (Research Accessibility Team), Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Safa Sharaf
- Student and Internship Research Program (Research Accessibility Team), Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Veronia Adel
- Student and Internship Research Program (Research Accessibility Team), Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Youstina Naeem
- Student and Internship Research Program (Research Accessibility Team), Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Youstina Nagy Farid Nicola
- Student and Internship Research Program (Research Accessibility Team), Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Aya Kamel
- Student and Internship Research Program (Research Accessibility Team), Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rafeef Hozaien
- Student and Internship Research Program (Research Accessibility Team), Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Raghda Fouda
- Clinical and Chemical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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4
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Kooshkaki O, Asghari A, Mahdavi R, Azarkar G, Parsamanesh N. Potential of MicroRNAs As Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets in Respiratory Viruses: A Literature Review. DNA Cell Biol 2022; 41:544-563. [PMID: 35699380 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2021.1101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression through recognition of cognate sequences and interference of transcriptional, translational, or epigenetic processes. Hundreds of miRNA genes have been found in diverse viruses, and many of these are phylogenetically conserved. Respiratory viruses are the most frequent causative agents of disease in humans, with a significant impact on morbidity and mortality worldwide. Recently, the role of miRNAs in respiratory viral gene regulation, as well as host gene regulation during disease progression, has become a field of interest. This review highlighted the importance of various miRNAs and their potential role in fighting with respiratory viruses as therapeutic molecules with a focus on COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Kooshkaki
- Department of Hematology, Student Research Committee, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Arghavan Asghari
- Department of Hematology, Student Research Committee, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.,Department of Hematology, Infectious Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Reza Mahdavi
- Department of Hematology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ghodsiyeh Azarkar
- Department of Hematology, Infectious Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Negin Parsamanesh
- Department of Hematology, Zanjan Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Science, Zanjan, Iran
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5
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Oh JH, Kim GB, Seok H. Implication of microRNA as a potential biomarker of myocarditis. Clin Exp Pediatr 2022; 65:230-238. [PMID: 35240034 PMCID: PMC9082251 DOI: 10.3345/cep.2021.01802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocarditis was previously attributed to an epidemic viral infection. Additional harmful reagents, in addition to viruses, play a role in its etiology. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine-induced myocarditis has recently been described, drawing attention to vaccine-induced myocarditis in children and adolescents. Its pathology is based on a series of complex immune responses, including initial innate immune responses in response to viral entry, adaptive immune responses leading to the development of antigen-specific antibodies, and autoimmune responses to cellular injury caused by cardiomyocyte rupture that releases antigens. Chronic inflammation and fibrosis in the myocardium eventually result in cardiac failure. Recent advancements in molecular biology have remarkably increased our understanding of myocarditis. In particular, microRNAs (miRNAs) are a hot topic in terms of the role of new biomarkers and the pathophysiology of myocarditis. Myocarditis has been linked with microRNA-221/222 (miR-221/222), miR-155, miR-10a*, and miR-590. Despite the lack of clinical trials of miRNA intervention in myocarditis yet, multiple clinical trials of miRNAs in other cardiac diseases have been aggressively conducted to help pave the way for future research, which is bolstered by the success of recently U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved small-RNA medications. This review presents basic information and recent research that focuses on myocarditis and related miRNAs as a potential novel biomarker and the therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Hee Oh
- Department of Pediatrics, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gi Beom Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Heeyoung Seok
- Department of Transdisciplinary Research and Collaboration, Genomics Core Facility, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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6
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Fei Y, Chaulagain A, Wang T, Chen Y, Liu J, Yi M, Wang Y, Huang Y, Lin L, Chen S, Xu W, Tong L, Wu X, Zhao D, Zhang F, Zhao W, Zhong Z. MiR-146a down-regulates inflammatory response by targeting TLR3 and TRAF6 in Coxsackievirus B infection. RNA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 26:91-100. [PMID: 31676570 PMCID: PMC6913124 DOI: 10.1261/rna.071985.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Coxsackievirus B (CVB) is the major cause of human myocarditis and dilated cardiomyopathy. Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) is an intracellular sensor to detect pathogen's dsRNA. TLR3, along with TRAF6, triggers an inflammatory response through NF-κB signaling pathway. In the cells infected with CVB type 3 (CVB3), the abundance of miR-146a was significantly increased. The role of miR-146a in CVB infection is unclear. In this study, TLR3 and TRAF6 were identified as the targets of miR-146a. The elevated miR-146a inhibited NF-κB translocation and subsequently down-regulated proinflammatory cytokine expression in the CVB3-infected cells. Therefore, the NF-κB pathway can be doubly blocked by miR-146a through targeting of TLR3 and TRAF6. MiR-146a may be a negative regulator on inflammatory response and an intrinsic protective factor in CVB infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanru Fei
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Anita Chaulagain
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Tianying Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Jinchang Liu
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Ming Yi
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Yike Huang
- Department of Cell Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Lexun Lin
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Sijia Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Weizhen Xu
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Lei Tong
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Dechao Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Fengmin Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Wenran Zhao
- Department of Cell Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Zhaohua Zhong
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
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7
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Sun Y, Feng L, Li J, Xu H, Mei X, Feng L, Sun H, Gao J, Zhang X. miR-545 promoted enterovirus 71 replication via directly targeting phosphatase and tensin homolog and tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:15686-15697. [PMID: 30697739 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Enterovirus 71 (EV71) is a small, nonenveloped icosahedral RNA virus and is the predominant causative pathogen of hand-foot-and-mouth disease. Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) are reported to play important roles in the pathogenesis of EV71 replication. This study investigated the role of miR-545 in the EV71 replication and explored the underlying molecular mechanisms. We showed that miR-545 was upregulated in the EV71-infected human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells and rhabdomyosarcoma (RD) cells. Overexpression of miR-545 promoted the viral replication of EV71 and attenuated the inhibitory effects of EV71 on cell viability in HEK293 and RD cells; while knockdown of miR-545 significantly suppressed the EV71 replication in these two cell lines. Bioinformatics analysis and luciferase reporter assay showed that miR-545 directly targeted the 3'untranslated region of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) and tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) in HEK293 cells. Furthermore, miR-545 negatively regulated the messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expression of PTEN and TRAF6. The mRNA and protein expression of PTEN and TRAF6 was also suppressed by EV71 infection, which was attenuated by miR-545 knockdown in HEK293 cells. Overexpression of PTEN and TRAF6 both suppressed the EV71 replication in HKE293 cells, and also attenuated the enhanced effects of miR-545 overexpression on the EV71 replication in HEK293 cells. Collectively, our study for the first time showed that miR-545 had an enhanced effect on the EV71 replication in HEK293 and RD cells. Further mechanistic results indicated that miR-545 promoted EV71 replication at least partly via targeting PTEN and TRAF6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Sun
- Basic Medicine College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Respiratory Disease Diagnosis and Treatment & Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Long Feng
- Basic Medicine College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jiansheng Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Respiratory Disease Diagnosis and Treatment & Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Huaming Xu
- Basic Medicine College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xue Mei
- Basic Medicine College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Lingyan Feng
- Medical College, Jianghan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Huijuan Sun
- Basic Medicine College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jianfeng Gao
- Basic Medicine College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Basic Medicine College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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8
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Li CW, Chen BS. Investigating HIV-Human Interaction Networks to Unravel Pathogenic Mechanism for Drug Discovery: A Systems Biology Approach. Curr HIV Res 2019; 16:77-95. [PMID: 29468972 DOI: 10.2174/1570162x16666180219155324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Two big issues in the study of pathogens are determining how pathogens infect hosts and how the host defends itself against infection. Therefore, investigating host-pathogen interactions is important for understanding pathogenicity and host defensive mechanisms and treating infections. METHODS In this study, we used omics data, including time-course data from high-throughput sequencing, real-time polymerase chain reaction, and human microRNA (miRNA) and protein-protein interaction to construct an interspecies protein-protein and miRNA interaction (PPMI) network of human CD4+ T cells during HIV-1 infection through system modeling and identification. RESULTS By applying a functional annotation tool to the identified PPMI network at each stage of HIV infection, we found that repressions of three miRNAs, miR-140-5p, miR-320a, and miR-941, are involved in the development of autoimmune disorders, tumor proliferation, and the pathogenesis of T cells at the reverse transcription stage. Repressions of miR-331-3p and miR-320a are involved in HIV-1 replication, replicative spread, anti-apoptosis, cell proliferation, and dysregulation of cell cycle control at the integration/replication stage. Repression of miR-341-5p is involved in carcinogenesis at the late stage of HIV-1 infection. CONCLUSION By investigating the common core proteins and changes in specific proteins in the PPMI network between the stages of HIV-1 infection, we obtained pathogenic insights into the functional core modules and identified potential drug combinations for treating patients with HIV-1 infection, including thalidomide, oxaprozin, and metformin, at the reverse transcription stage; quercetin, nifedipine, and fenbendazole, at the integration/replication stage; and staurosporine, quercetin, prednisolone, and flufenamic acid, at the late stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Wei Li
- Laboratory of Control and Systems Biology, Department of Electrical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Bor-Sen Chen
- Laboratory of Control and Systems Biology, Department of Electrical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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9
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Zhao Q, Xiong Y, Xu J, Chen S, Li P, Huang Y, Wang Y, Chen WX, Wang B. Host MicroRNA hsa-miR-494-3p Promotes EV71 Replication by Directly Targeting PTEN. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2018; 8:278. [PMID: 30234021 PMCID: PMC6130220 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Many cellular processes are driven by spatially and temporally regulated microRNAs (miRNAs)-dependent signaling events. Substantial evidence collected over the years indicates that miRNAs are pivotal regulators that contribute to the initiation and development of EV71-related disorders. Importantly, so far, no clinical trial has been undertaken to address the effect of miRNAs on EV71-related diseases. In this study, we show that EV71 infection results in up-regulation of hsa-miR-494-3p levels, and that EV71-induced hsa-miR-494-3p impacts PI3K/Akt signaling pathway by targeting PTEN. However, very little is known about the relationship between hsa-miR-494-3p and EV71 infection. The overall goal of the study is to get a better insight into whether or not hsa-miR-494-3p is involved in the EV71 infection. We found that the EV71 infection induces cellular apoptosis, and that this process can be counteracted by the over-expression of hsa-miR-494-3p mimics. We also present evidence that cell lines deficient in hsa-miR-494-3p are more sensitive to EV71-induced cell death than the corresponding control cells. Collectively, these findings confirm and extend the pervious observation suggesting that disturbances in miRNAs expression can influence EV71 propagation. In addition, they lend strong support to the ideas that hsa-miR-494-3p-mediated signaling pathway plays an important role in the EV71 replication, and that this may have profound implications on our views on EV71-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuan Xiong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, Chongqing, China
| | - Jingru Xu
- Institute of Microbiology, Chongqing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing, China
| | - Shuang Chen
- Institute of Microbiology, Chongqing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing, China
| | - Pu Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yong Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yunying Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei-Xian Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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10
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Qi X, Wang T, Xue Q, Li Z, Yang B, Wang J. MicroRNA expression profiling of goat peripheral blood mononuclear cells in response to peste des petits ruminants virus infection. Vet Res 2018; 49:62. [PMID: 30012212 PMCID: PMC6048839 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-018-0565-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) belongs to the genus Morbillivirus that causes an acute and highly contagious disease in goats and sheep. Virus infection can trigger the change in the cellular microRNA (miRNA) expression profile, which play important post-transcriptional regulatory roles in gene expression and can greatly influence viral replication and pathogenesis. Here, we employed deep sequencing technology to determine cellular miRNA expression profile in goat peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) infected with Nigeria 75/1 vaccine virus, a widely used vaccine strain for mass vaccination programs against Peste des petits ruminants. Expression analysis demonstrated that PPRV infection can elicit 316 significantly differentially expressed (DE) miRNA including 103 known and 213 novel miRNA candidates in infected PBMC at 24 hours post-infection (hpi) as compared with a mock control. Target prediction and functional analysis of these DEmiRNA revealed significant enrichment for several signaling pathways including TLR signaling pathways, PI3K-Akt, endocytosis, viral carcinogenesis, and JAK-STAT signaling pathways. This study provides a valuable basis for further investigation of the roles of miRNA in PPRV replication and pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Qi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ting Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qinghong Xue
- China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Zhen Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bo Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jingyu Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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11
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Li Y, Li Y, Chen Y, Xie Q, Dong N, Gao Y, Deng H, Lu C, Wang S. MicroRNA-214-3p inhibits proliferation and cell cycle progression by targeting MELK in hepatocellular carcinoma and correlates cancer prognosis. Cancer Cell Int 2017; 17:102. [PMID: 29151817 PMCID: PMC5678695 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-017-0471-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background MicroRNAs are considered as potential regulators in various biological pathways and contribute to the diagnosis and prognosis of cancers. MicroRNA-214-3p (miR-214-3p) was proved to be correlated with various cancers in recent studies. However, the biological functions of miR-214-3p in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and its association with the prognosis of HCC after liver transplantation are still unevaluated. Here we intended to elucidate the functional implication of miR-214-3p in regulation of cell proliferation and apoptosis and its potential prediction of clinical prognosis of HCC patients. Methods Expressions of miR-214-3p in 98 HCC patients and three HCC cell lines were detected by quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) to explore the association of miR-214-3p expression and clinicopathological characteristics. The effects of miR-214-3p on cell proliferation and apoptosis were examined by proliferation and flow cytometry assay, respectively. The direct target gene of miR-214-3p was also detected by luciferase reporter assay. Results The effects of miR-214-3p on cell proliferation and apoptosis were examined by proliferation and flow cytometry assay, respectively. The direct target gene of miR-214-3p was also detected by luciferase reporter assay. The results showed that miR-214-3p expression was downregulated in primary HCC samples compared with normal liver tissues, and was decreased in HCC recurrence species compared with non-recurrence controls (P = 0.001). Low miR-214-3p level was associated with poor overall survival (OS) (Log rank P = 0.003) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) (Log rank P = 0.007). Moreover, miR-214-3p precursor transfection resulted in decreased cell proliferation, cell cycle arrest at G1 phase, and enhanced cell apoptosis in HepG2 and HUH-7 cells. Further investigation showed that miR-214-3p could regulate its target gene maternal embryonic leucine zipper kinase (MELK) by directly binding to MELK-3′-UTR. Conclusions miR-214-3p suppresses HCC progression by directly down-regulating MELK expression, indicating a potential therapeutic target for the treatment and prognosis of HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Li
- Institute of Antibody Engineering, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838, Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, 510515 China
| | - You Li
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, No. 100, Daxue Road, Nanning, 530004 Guangxi Province China
| | - Yao Chen
- Institute of Antibody Engineering, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838, Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, 510515 China
| | - Qian Xie
- Institute of Antibody Engineering, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838, Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, 510515 China
| | - Ningning Dong
- Institute of Antibody Engineering, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838, Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, 510515 China
| | - Yanjun Gao
- Institute of Antibody Engineering, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838, Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, 510515 China
| | - Huan Deng
- Institute of Antibody Engineering, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838, Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, 510515 China
| | - Chunhua Lu
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, No. 100, Daxue Road, Nanning, 530004 Guangxi Province China
| | - Suihai Wang
- Institute of Antibody Engineering, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838, Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, 510515 China
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12
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Pandey A, Sahu AR, Wani SA, Saxena S, Kanchan S, Sah V, Rajak KK, Khanduri A, Sahoo AP, Tiwari AK, Mishra B, Muthuchelvan D, Mishra BP, Singh RK, Gandham RK. Modulation of Host miRNAs Transcriptome in Lung and Spleen of Peste des Petits Ruminants Virus Infected Sheep and Goats. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1146. [PMID: 28694795 PMCID: PMC5483481 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is one of the highly contagious viral disease, characterized by fever, sore mouth, conjunctivitis, gastroenteritis, and pneumonia, primarily affecting sheep and goats. Reports suggested variable host response in goats and sheep and this host response vis-a-vis the expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) has not been investigated. Here, miRNAs were sequenced and proteomics data were generated to identify the role of differentially expressed miRNA (DEmiRNA) in PPR virus (PPRV) infected lung and spleen tissues of sheep and goats. In lungs, 67 and 37 DEmiRNAs have been identified in goats and sheep, respectively. Similarly, in spleen, 50 and 56 DEmiRNAs were identified in goats and sheep, respectively. A total of 20 and 11 miRNAs were found to be common differentially expressed in both the species in PPRV infected spleen and lung, respectively. Six DEmiRNAs—miR-21-3p, miR-1246, miR-27a-5p, miR-760-3p, miR-320a, and miR-363 were selected based on their role in viral infections, apoptosis, and fold change. The target prediction analysis of these six selected DEmiRNAs from the proteome data generated, revealed involvement of more number of genes in lung and spleen of goats than in sheep. On gene ontology analysis of host target genes these DEmiRNAs were found to regulate several immune response signaling pathways. It was observed that the pathways viz. T cell receptor signaling, Rap1 signaling, Toll-like receptor signaling, and B cell receptor signaling governed by DEmiRNAs were more perturbed in goats than in sheep. The data suggests that PPRV-induced miR-21-3p, miR-320a, and miR-363 might act cooperatively to enhance viral pathogenesis in the lung and spleen of sheep by downregulating several immune response genes. The study gives an important insight into the molecular pathogenesis of PPR by identifying that the PPRV—Izatnagar/94 isolate elicits a strong host response in goats than in sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aruna Pandey
- Computational Biology and Genomics Facility Lab, Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, BareillyIndia
| | - Amit R Sahu
- Computational Biology and Genomics Facility Lab, Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, BareillyIndia
| | - Sajad A Wani
- Computational Biology and Genomics Facility Lab, Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, BareillyIndia
| | - Shikha Saxena
- Computational Biology and Genomics Facility Lab, Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, BareillyIndia
| | - Sonam Kanchan
- Computational Biology and Genomics Facility Lab, Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, BareillyIndia
| | - Vaishali Sah
- Computational Biology and Genomics Facility Lab, Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, BareillyIndia
| | - Kaushal K Rajak
- Division of Biological Products, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, BareillyIndia
| | - Alok Khanduri
- Computational Biology and Genomics Facility Lab, Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, BareillyIndia
| | - Aditya P Sahoo
- Computational Biology and Genomics Facility Lab, Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, BareillyIndia
| | - Ashok K Tiwari
- Division of Biological Standardization, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, BareillyIndia
| | - Bina Mishra
- Division of Biological Products, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, BareillyIndia
| | - D Muthuchelvan
- Division of Virology, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, NainitalIndia
| | - Bishnu P Mishra
- Computational Biology and Genomics Facility Lab, Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, BareillyIndia
| | - Raj K Singh
- Computational Biology and Genomics Facility Lab, Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, BareillyIndia
| | - Ravi K Gandham
- Computational Biology and Genomics Facility Lab, Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, BareillyIndia
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13
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Xu HF, Gao XT, Lin JY, Xu XH, Hu J, Ding YJ, Zhu SH. MicroRNA-20b suppresses the expression of ZFP-148 in viral myocarditis. Mol Cell Biochem 2017; 429:199-210. [PMID: 28247213 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-017-2947-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Viral myocarditis is a common cardiovascular disease, which seriously endangers the health of people and even leads to sudden unexpected death. MicroRNAs play very important roles in various physical and pathological processes including cardiogenesis and heart diseases. In recent years, miR-20b has been implicated in various diseases such as breast cancer, gastric cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, cardiovascular diseases. However, the function of miR-20b in the pathological progress of viral myocarditis has not been reported. In this study, we found that miR-20b was up-regulated in mouse heart tissues post Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) infection. Bioinformatics analysis identified ZFP-148, a transcription factor that plays essential roles in the regulation of virus replication, is one of the predicted targets of miR-20b. MiR-20b expression was found to be up-regulated and ZFP-148 protein level was markedly repressed during viral myocarditis. Further studies demonstrated that miR-20b directly binds to the 3'-UTR of ZFP-148 and suppresses its translation. Moreover, aberrant expression of miR-20b promoted the expression of anti-apoptosis proteins Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL, suggesting that altered gene expression might promote cardiomyocytes survival in viral myocarditis. Our findings indicated that miR-20b might be a potential therapeutic target for CVB3-induced viral myocarditis and a useful marker for the diagnosis of viral myocarditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Fei Xu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou Dushuhu High Educational Town, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiang-Ting Gao
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou Dushuhu High Educational Town, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Yi Lin
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Xuhui, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Hua Xu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou Dushuhu High Educational Town, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Hu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou Dushuhu High Educational Town, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Jie Ding
- Department of dermatological, The second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shao-Hua Zhu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou Dushuhu High Educational Town, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, People's Republic of China.
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14
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Hu Y, Song J, Liu L, Li J, Tang B, Zhang Y, Wang J, Wang L, Fan S, Feng M, Li Q. Comparison analysis of microRNAs in response to EV71 and CA16 infection in human bronchial epithelial cells by high-throughput sequencing to reveal differential infective mechanisms. Virus Res 2017; 228:90-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2016.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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15
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Isaacs SR, Wang J, Kim KW, Yin C, Zhou L, Mi QS, Craig ME. MicroRNAs in Type 1 Diabetes: Complex Interregulation of the Immune System, β Cell Function and Viral Infections. Curr Diab Rep 2016; 16:133. [PMID: 27844276 DOI: 10.1007/s11892-016-0819-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Since the discovery of the first mammalian microRNA (miRNA) more than two decades ago, a plethora of miRNAs has been identified in humans, now amounting to more than 2500. Essential for post-transcriptional regulation of gene networks integral for developmental pathways and immune response, it is not surprising that dysregulation of miRNAs is often associated with the aetiology of complex diseases including cancer, diabetes and autoimmune disorders. Despite massive expansion of small RNA studies and extensive investigation in diverse disease contexts, the role of miRNAs in type 1 diabetes has only recently been explored. Key studies using human islets have recently implicated virus-induced miRNA dysregulation as a pivotal mechanism of β cell destruction, while the interplay between miRNAs, the immune system and β cell survival has been illustrated in studies using animal and cellular models of disease. The role of specific miRNAs as major players in immune system homeostasis highlights their exciting potential as therapeutics and prognostic biomarkers of type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia R Isaacs
- School of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- UNSW and POWH Virology Research Laboratory, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, NSW, 2031, Australia
| | - Jie Wang
- Henry Ford Immunology Program, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Ki Wook Kim
- School of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- UNSW and POWH Virology Research Laboratory, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, NSW, 2031, Australia
| | - Congcong Yin
- Henry Ford Immunology Program, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Li Zhou
- Henry Ford Immunology Program, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Qing Sheng Mi
- Henry Ford Immunology Program, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Maria E Craig
- School of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
- UNSW and POWH Virology Research Laboratory, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, NSW, 2031, Australia.
- Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, 2145, Australia.
- Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
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16
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Richardson SJ, Horwitz MS. miR, miR in the Cell, Does the Virus Control Them All? Diabetes 2016; 65:823-5. [PMID: 27208018 DOI: 10.2337/dbi15-0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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17
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Lei X, Xiao X, Wang J. Innate Immunity Evasion by Enteroviruses: Insights into Virus-Host Interaction. Viruses 2016; 8:v8010022. [PMID: 26784219 PMCID: PMC4728582 DOI: 10.3390/v8010022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterovirus genus includes multiple important human pathogens, such as poliovirus, coxsackievirus, enterovirus (EV) A71, EV-D68 and rhinovirus. Infection with EVs can cause numerous clinical conditions including poliomyelitis, meningitis and encephalitis, hand-foot-and-mouth disease, acute flaccid paralysis, diarrhea, myocarditis and respiratory illness. EVs, which are positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses, trigger activation of the host antiviral innate immune responses through pathogen recognition receptors such as retinoic acid-inducible gene (RIG-I)-likeand Toll-like receptors. In turn, EVs have developed sophisticated strategies to evade host antiviral responses. In this review, we discuss the interplay between the host innate immune responses and EV infection, with a primary focus on host immune detection and protection against EV infection and viral strategies to evade these antiviral immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Lei
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology (IPB), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China.
| | - Xia Xiao
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology (IPB), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China.
| | - Jianwei Wang
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology (IPB), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou 310003, China.
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