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Abukhder M, Mobarak D. A retrospective cohort study on the aetiology and characteristics of maxillofacial fractures presenting to a tertiary centre in the UK. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2022; 77:103622. [PMID: 35638057 PMCID: PMC9142621 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2022.103622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Approximately 3 million facial injuries occur annually, some of which result in maxillofacial fractures. The aim of our study was to evaluate the aetiology and characteristics of maxillofacial fractures presenting to the Queen Elizabeth Hospital in Birmingham. Methods The medical records for 809 patients treated for maxillofacial fractures were retrospectively reviewed between the dates of 01/01/2016 to 30/06/2017. Results A total of 1381 maxillofacial fractures were recorded. The majority of patients were males (n = 682, 84.3%) with a male:female ratio of 5.59:1. The age group with the highest number of admissions was the 26–50 years age group (n = 395, 48.8%). Assaults was found to be most frequent aetiological factor for maxillofacial fractures in the male cohort and falls was the leading cause of maxillofacial fractures in the female cohort. The most common fractured site in our study was the mandible (n = 599, 43.3%) with the angle and symphysis/parasymphysis regions of the mandible being the most susceptible to injury. Teams that were more frequently involved in the care of these patients included ophthalmology (n = 86) trauma and orthopaedics (n = 53), neurosurgery/neurology (n = 95) teams. Conclusion Socioeconomic status plays a significant role in the aetiology of facial fractures. Furthermore, assaults and falls were found to be the leading aetiological factors for maxillofacial fractures in the male and female cohorts respectively. There is a need to develop strategies in preventing falls in care homes, and addressing violence in young people through public awareness campaigns via the public health sector to reduce the incidence of such fractures. This study reported a male predominance in maxillofacial fractures, with the male:female ratio roughly 5.59:1.2. Roughly 79.23% of all maxillofacial fractures occurred between the ages of 16-50 years. The most common fractured site was the mandibular region, followed by the orbit, and the zygomatic region The most frequent aetiological factor was assault, followed by falls, and road traffic accidents. Patients that live in the most deprived 10% of small areas in England made up 32% of all admissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munir Abukhder
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Mindelsohn Way, Birmingham, B15 2GW, UK
| | - Dima Mobarak
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Mindelsohn Way, Birmingham, B15 2GW, UK
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Letelier A, Watt RG, Heilmann A. Head injuries in early childhood in the UK; is there a social gradient? J Epidemiol Community Health 2022; 76:600-605. [PMID: 35318278 DOI: 10.1136/jech-2021-217184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine if there is a social gradient in early childhood head injuries among UK children. METHODS Cross-sectional study, using data from the UK Millennium Cohort Study (MCS). The second, third and fourth sweeps of the MCS were analysed separately, when children were 3, 5 and 7 years old. Logistic regression models were used to explore the associations between head injuries and family socioeconomic position (social class, household income, maternal education and area deprivation). RESULTS The unadjusted analyses showed different associations with socioeconomic indicators at different ages. At age 3 and 5 years, head injuries were associated with higher area deprivation, lower household income and parents not being in work or in the routine social class. At age 5 years head injuries were also associated with lower maternal education. At age 7 years only associations with area deprivation and maternal education were found. In adjusted analyses (mutually adjusted for all four socioeconomic indicators, maternal age, child age and child sex), the following associations were observed: at ages 3 and 5 years, higher levels of area deprivation were related to higher odds of head injuries. At age 3 years only, lower levels of maternal education were related to lower odds of head injuries. No social gradients were observed. At age 7 years, there were no significant associations between head injuries and any of the SEP measures. CONCLUSION We observed no social gradients in early childhood head injuries. However, at ages 3 and 5 years, head injuries were more frequently reported for children living in more deprived areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Letelier
- Instituto de Odontoestomatología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Región de Los Ríos, Chile .,Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Richard G Watt
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Anja Heilmann
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
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Variation in UK Deanery publication rates in the British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery: where are the current 'hot spots'? Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2021; 59:e48-e64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2020.08.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Shah F, Orchard A, Shakib K. Analysis of performed paediatric oral and maxillofacial procedures under general anaesthesia over a two-year period in a North London NHS Trust. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2020; 59:912-920. [PMID: 34325943 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2020.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Dental treatment remains one of the most common reasons for paediatric patients to undergo a general anaesthetic (GA). In addition to a wider scope of practice, oral and maxillofacial (OMF) surgeons are affiliated with this well-reported dentoalveolar surgical burden. Thus far much of the research has shown that the majority of these paediatric GAs are for the treatment of decayed teeth. The aim of this study was to evaluate reasons children in a North London region undergo GA procedures in an OMF department and this population's associated demographic factors. Patients treated by this OMF unit from 2016 to 2017 aged 0-16 were included. Retrospective data was obtained; including age, gender, and ASA physical status. Deprivation was calculated from postcodes using the Index of Multiple Deprivation. Chi squared statistical tests were applied. Data from 600 children undergoing 790 procedures were analysed. A similar number of males and females were treated. The most common age group were the 13-16-year-olds. A total of 89.5% of the patients were ASA I. The greatest surgical burden was simple orthodontic extractions, accounting for 24.4% of all OMF paediatric GA procedures. Deprivation impacted the prevalence of the extraction of carious teeth, soft tissue trauma, and orthodontic-related surgery. In the region studied, more paediatric patients are undergoing GA for orthodontic-related surgery than for the extraction of decayed teeth. The type of facial trauma experienced changes with the age of the child.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Shah
- Cardiff and Vale University Health Board, Cardiff.
| | - A Orchard
- Royal Berkshire Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Reading
| | - K Shakib
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London
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The Impact of Primary Treatment on Post-Traumatic Endophthalmitis in Children with Open Globe Injuries: A Study in China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16162956. [PMID: 31426389 PMCID: PMC6719907 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16162956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Post-traumatic endophthalmitis (PTE) is considered as one of the most serious complications after open globe injuries (OGIs), especially in children. Poor prognosis of this disease can lead to a variety of socioeconomic problems. This study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics of pediatric OGIs and the factors associated with the development of PTE in China. 131 patients under 14 years old and needed hospitalization for management of OGIs were enrolled. There were 90 males and 41 females. 44 patients were left-behind children, the majority were 3–6 years old (n = 71, 71/131, 54.2%) and living in rural area (n = 106, 106/131, 80.9%). After injury, 82 patients received primary repair within 24 h, with the remaining 49 patients receiving primary repair after 24 h. Eventually, there were 28 (28/131, 21.4%) patients presented with PTE. In those 49 patients, the frequency of PTE achieving 32.7% (16/49). Univariate analysis showed that the timing of primary repair is significantly associated with the development of PTE (p < 0.05). Moreover, left-behind children took higher risks in having delayed treatment that over 24 h after OGIs (OR = 2.466, 95% CI: 1.16–5.26). Reducing the time before primary repair is a useful strategy to prevent the development of PTE. Special supervision is needed for pre-school-aged boys living in rural areas, especially for left-behind children.
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Low L, Hodson J, Morris D, Desai P, MacEwen C. Socioeconomic deprivation and serious ocular trauma in Scotland: a national prospective study. Br J Ophthalmol 2017; 101:1395-1398. [PMID: 28274942 PMCID: PMC5629949 DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2016-309875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective To identify the population at risk of serious ocular trauma by exploring relationships with socioeconomic factors. Design National, prospective, population-based, cross-sectional and follow-up study. Participants Patients with serious ocular trauma requiring hospital admission in Scotland. Methods Case definition and ascertainment—cases of serious ocular trauma necessitating admission to hospital under the care of a consultant ophthalmologist were identified using the British Ophthalmological Surveillance Unit reporting scheme. Using the postcode of residence, we assigned a Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation (SIMD) score, SIMD quintile ( 0%–20% most deprived; 20%–40%, 40%–60%, 60%–80%, 80%–100% least deprived areas), geographical access score as well as the estimated travel time to the nearest general practitioner (GP) practice using either car or public transport for each patient. Population estimates were obtained from the General Register Office for Scotland. Main outcome measure Serious ocular trauma requiring hospital admission. Results A total of 104 patients (85.6% male) were reported as being admitted with ocular trauma with a median age of 32 years (IQR 24–54). There was a trend for increasing incidence of serious ocular injury with increasing socioeconomic deprivation (p=0.034). Patients from the most deprived areas (SIMD: 0%–20%) were twice as likely to sustain ocular injury compared with those from the least deprived (SIMD: 80%–100%) areas (relative risk: 2.19, 95% CI 1.02 to 4.81). There was no significant difference in the drive/public transport time to GP practices across the SIMD quintiles. Conclusions Increasing socioeconomic deprivation was associated with a higher incidence of serious ocular injury. Targeted interventions are needed to address inequality in eye healthcare in deprived areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liying Low
- Academic Unit of Ophthalmology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham and Midland Eye Centre, Birmingham, UK
| | - James Hodson
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Daniel Morris
- Cardiff Eye Unit, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, Wales, UK
| | - Parul Desai
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Caroline MacEwen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
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Agostini BA, Pinto LT, Koehler M, Emmanuelli B, Piovesan C, Ardenghi TM. Trend of traumatic crown injuries and associated factors in preschool children. Braz Oral Res 2016; 30:e112. [PMID: 27737365 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2016.vol30.0112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess trends in traumatic crown injuries (TCIs), their prevalence, and association with socioeconomic and clinical factors in preschool children over a 5-year period. A series of cross-sectional surveys was conducted in Santa Maria, Brazil, on children attending a National Day of Children's Vaccination. The same protocol was used in all surveys conducted in 2008, 2010, and 2013. Clinical examinations were performed to evaluate types of traumatic crown injuries using the O'brien index. A semi-structured questionnaire was answered by the parents. It provided information about several socioeconomic factors as well as the parents' perception of their child's oral health. The chi-square for trends test was used to verify changes in TCI prevalence throughout the years. The association between socioeconomic and clinical factors with TCI was assessed by the Poisson regression analysis. A total of 1,640 children were examined. The prevalence of TCIs decreased significantly from 2008 to 2013 (10.12%; p < 0.001). Central incisors were the most vulnerable to injury, independent of the year. Moreover, older children and those with inadequate lip coverage were more likely to present with some traumatic dental injury (p < 0.001). prevalence of traumatic crown injuries decreased following the years, however TCI remain an important subject to consider when planning oral health policies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lisara Tosatto Pinto
- Unviersidade Federal de Santa Maria - UFSM, Program in Dental Science, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Mariangélica Koehler
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria- UFSM, Faculty of Dentistry, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Bruno Emmanuelli
- Unviersidade Federal de Santa Maria - UFSM, Program in Dental Science, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Thiago Machado Ardenghi
- Unviersidade Federal de Santa Maria - UFSM, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Stomatology, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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Corfield AR, MacKay DF, Pell JP. Association between trauma and socioeconomic deprivation: a registry-based, Scotland-wide retrospective cohort study of 9,238 patients. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med 2016; 24:90. [PMID: 27388437 PMCID: PMC4937548 DOI: 10.1186/s13049-016-0275-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Trauma remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the UK and throughout the world. Socioeconomic deprivation has been linked with many types of ill-health and previous studies have shown an association with injury in other parts of the world. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between socioeconomic deprivation and trauma incidence and case-fatality in Scotland. Methods The study included nine thousand two hundred and thirty eight patients attending Emergency Departments following trauma across Scotland in 2011-12. A retrospective cohort study was conducted using secondary data extracted from the national trauma registry. Postcode of residence was used to generate deciles using the Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation. The incidence rate ratio (IRR) was calculated to allow comparison of incidence of trauma across SIMD deciles. For mortality, observed: expected ratios were obtained using observed mortality in the cohort and expected deaths using probability of survival based on Trauma and Injury Severity Score (TRISS) method. Results Compared with the most deprived decile, the least deprived had an incidence rate ratio (IRR) for all trauma of 0.43 (95 % CI 0.32–0.58, p < 0.001). The association was stronger for penetrating trauma (IRR 0.07, 95 % CI .01–0.56, p = 0.011). There was a significant interaction between age, gender and SIMD. For case fatality, multivariate logistic regression showed that, severity of trauma (ISS > 15) OR 18.11 (95 % CI 13.91 to 23.58) and type of injury (Penetrating versus blunt injury) OR 2.07 (95 % CI 1.15 to 3.72) remain as independent predictors of case fatality in this dataset. Discussion Our data shows a higher incidence of trauma amongst a socioeconomically deprived population, in keeping with other areas of the world. In our dataset, outcome, as measured by in-hospital mortality, does not appear to be associated with socioeconomic deprivation. Conclusion In Scotland, populations living in socioeconomically deprived areas have a higher incidence of trauma, especially penetrating trauma, requiring hospital attendance. Case fatality is associated with more severe trauma and penetrating trauma, but not socioeconomic deprivation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13049-016-0275-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Danny F MacKay
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8RZ, UK
| | - Jill P Pell
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8RZ, UK
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Satpathy M, Gupta MK, Pillai AK, Prabhu S, Tiwari S, Jain N. Maxillofacial Fractures in Bhopal, India: Analytic Study of 1268 Cases. J Maxillofac Oral Surg 2016; 15:25-31. [PMID: 26929549 PMCID: PMC4759037 DOI: 10.1007/s12663-015-0802-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To ascertain the pattern, incidence, causes, age and sex distribution, types, condition and treatment of maxillofacial fractures and their interwoven relationship being practiced in Bhopal. MATERIALS AND METHODS Retrospectively 3 year records of patients with maxillofacial fractures from 12 selected centres in Bhopal were reviewed. The following data were extracted from the medical records: age; gender; site of the fracture(s); other associated injury(ies); cause of the trauma and method of treatment(s). RESULT In 1268 patients, a total of 2613 fractures were found of which 44.58 % patients had mandibular fractures. Parasymphysis was the most common site of fracture overall. Most patients were in the 21-30 year old age group, and the male: female ratio was 3.3:1. Road traffic accident accounted for 858 cases (67.67 %). Head injury was the highest occurring associated injury. Open surgical modalities was the most employed treatment modality in 52.60 % of cases. CONCLUSION Preference for open surgical treatment along with increasing trend of supplemental intermaxillary fixation was found, which prompts us to check for the underlying reason behind this, which could be the increasing number of displaced and comminuted fracture cases or the decreasing efficiency of open reduction treatment rendered. Latter reason prompts to re-evaluate the existing surgical techniques and expertise of the practicing surgeons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mrinal Satpathy
- />Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, People’s Dental Academy, 10/1 Malviya Nagar, Bhopal, 462003 Madhya Pradesh India
| | - M. K. Gupta
- />Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, People’s Dental Academy, 10/1 Malviya Nagar, Bhopal, 462003 Madhya Pradesh India
| | - Ajay Kumar Pillai
- />Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, People’s Dental Academy, 10/1 Malviya Nagar, Bhopal, 462003 Madhya Pradesh India
| | - Sunderraman Prabhu
- />Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, People’s Dental Academy, 10/1 Malviya Nagar, Bhopal, 462003 Madhya Pradesh India
| | - Saba Tiwari
- />Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Modern Dental College and Research Centre, 9, Oriental Complex, Scheme 54, Vijay Nagar, Indore, 452010 India
| | - Neha Jain
- />Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, People’s Dental Academy, 10/1 Malviya Nagar, Bhopal, 462003 Madhya Pradesh India
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Recent advances in the management of oral and maxillofacial trauma. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2015; 53:913-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2015.08.261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Mahmoodi B, Rahimi-Nedjat R, Weusmann J, Azaripour A, Walter C, Willershausen B. Traumatic dental injuries in a university hospital: a four-year retrospective study. BMC Oral Health 2015; 15:139. [PMID: 26536869 PMCID: PMC4634158 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-015-0124-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Traumatic dental injuries present complex injuries of the dentoalveolar system. Aim of this study was to investigate the frequency and patterns of traumatic dental injuries in a University dental emergency service over four years. Methods A retrospective investigation on all dental trauma patients presenting at the dental emergency service of the University Medical Center Mainz, Germany between 01/2010 and 12/2013 was conducted. Demographic data, the cause and type of trauma and the initial therapy were analyzed. Results Out of 16,301 patients, 1,305 patients (8 %; average age 14.7 years ±15.7; 60.1 % male, 39.9 % female) came due to trauma. 63.9 % of the traumas occurred on weekends. The most frequent reason for injuries was falls (54.6 %). No correlation could be found between the cause and the kind of trauma. In 48.6 % of the cases only one tooth was involved, in 33.5 % two. The permanent dentition was traumatized in 56.6 % of cases, the deciduous teeth in 41.1 %. The most frequently affected tooth was the central upper incisor (61.0 %). Hard-tissue injuries were significantly more frequent in the permanent dentition, while periodontal injuries were seen significantly more often in the deciduous dentition. Conclusion Eight percent of all patients seeking help at the dental emergency service presented with trauma, meaning that dental traumatology is one of the major topics in emergencies. To improve the quality of care, further public education, expert knowledge among dental professionals and a well-structured emergency service are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Mahmoodi
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Augustusplatz 2, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Roman Rahimi-Nedjat
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial and Facial Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Augustusplatz 2, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Jens Weusmann
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Augustusplatz 2, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Adriano Azaripour
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Augustusplatz 2, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Christian Walter
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial and Facial Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Augustusplatz 2, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Brita Willershausen
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Augustusplatz 2, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
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McAllister P, Laverick S, Makubate B, Jones DC. Alcohol consumption and interpersonal injury in a pediatric oral and maxillofacial trauma population: a retrospective review of 1,192 trauma patients. Craniomaxillofac Trauma Reconstr 2015; 8:83-7. [PMID: 26000076 DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1393730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The social, financial, and health implications of adult alcohol-related oral and maxillofacial trauma have been recognized for several years. Affordability and widespread accessibility of alcohol and issues of misuse in the pediatric trauma population have fostered concerns alcohol may be similarly implicated in young patients with orofacial trauma. The aim of this study was to review data of pediatric facial injuries at a regional maxillofacial unit, assess the prevalence of alcohol use, and review data of patients sustaining injury secondary to interpersonal violence. This study is a retrospective, 3-year review of a Regional Maxillofacial Unit (RMU) trauma database. Inclusion criterion was consecutive facial trauma patients under 16 years of age, referred to RMU for further assessment and/or management. Alcohol use and injuries sustained were reviewed. Of 1,192 pediatric facial trauma patients, 35 (2.9%) were associated with alcohol intake. A total of 145 (12.2%) alleged assault as the mechanism of injury, with older (12-15 years) (n = 129; 88.9%), male (n = 124; 85.5%) (p < 0.001) patients commonly involved and alcohol use implicated in 26 (17.9%) presentations. A proportion of vulnerable adolescents misuse alcohol to the risk of traumatic facial injury, and prospective research to accurately determine any role of alcohol in the pediatric trauma population is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter McAllister
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, NHS Tayside, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Sean Laverick
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, NHS Tayside, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Boikanyo Makubate
- Department of Statistics, College of Applied Sciences, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, Botswana
| | - David Carl Jones
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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