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Barbin T, Groppo F, Toledo F, Costa Y, Clemente-Napimoga J, Figueroba S. The effect of omega-3 in temporomandibular joint synovial tissues of rats with induced arthritis: pilot study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2020; 49:1319-1325. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2020.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Regner GG, Torres ILS, de Oliveira C, Pflüger P, da Silva LS, Scarabelot VL, Ströher R, de Souza A, Fregni F, Pereira P. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) affects neuroinflammation parameters and behavioral seizure activity in pentylenetetrazole-induced kindling in rats. Neurosci Lett 2020; 735:135162. [PMID: 32569808 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.135162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Despite the introduction of new antiepileptic drugs, about 30 % of patients with epilepsy are refractory to drug therapy. Thus, the search for non-pharmacological interventions such as transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) may be an alternative, either alone or in combination with low doses of anticonvulsants. This study evaluated the effect of anodal (a-tDCS) and cathodal tDCS (c-tDCS) on seizure behavior and neuroinflammation parameters. Rats were submitted to the kindling model induced by pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) using diazepam (DZP) as anticonvulsant standard. tDCS groups were submitted to 10 sessions of a-tDCS or c-tDCS or SHAM-tDCS. Every 3 days they received saline (SAL), low dose of DZP (alone or in combination with tDCS) or effective dose of DZP 30 min before administration of PTZ, totaling 16 days of protocol. Neither a-tDCS nor c-tDCS reduced the occurrence of clonic forelimb seizures (convulsive motor seizures - stage 3 by the adapted Racine scale we based on). Associated with DZP, c-tDCS (c-tDCS/DZP0.15) increased the latency to first clonic forelimb seizure on the 10th and 16th days. Hippocampal IL-1β levels were reduced by c-tDCS and c-tDCS/DZP0.15. In contrast, these treatments induced an increase in cortical IL-1β levels. Hippocampal TNF-α levels were not altered by c-tDCS or a-tDCS, but c-tDCS and c-tDCS/DZP0.15 increased those levels in cerebral cortex. Cortical NGF levels were increased by c-tDCS and c-tDCS/DZP0.15. a-tDCS/DZP0.15 reduced hippocampal BDNF levels and c-tDCS/DZP0.15 increased these levels in cerebral cortex. In conclusion, c-tDCS alone or in combination with a low dose of DZP showed to affect neuroinflammation, improving central neurotrophin levels and decreasing hippocampal IL-1β levels after PTZ-induced kindling without statistically significant effect on seizure behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Gregory Regner
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Preclinical Toxicology Laboratory, Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences: Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil; Laboratory of Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation: Preclinical Studies - Centro de Pesquisa Experimental (CPE), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Iraci L S Torres
- Laboratory of Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation: Preclinical Studies - Centro de Pesquisa Experimental (CPE), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Carla de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation: Preclinical Studies - Centro de Pesquisa Experimental (CPE), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Pricila Pflüger
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Preclinical Toxicology Laboratory, Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences: Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Lisiane Santos da Silva
- Laboratory of Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation: Preclinical Studies - Centro de Pesquisa Experimental (CPE), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Leal Scarabelot
- Laboratory of Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation: Preclinical Studies - Centro de Pesquisa Experimental (CPE), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Roberta Ströher
- Laboratory of Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation: Preclinical Studies - Centro de Pesquisa Experimental (CPE), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Andressa de Souza
- Laboratory of Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation: Preclinical Studies - Centro de Pesquisa Experimental (CPE), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Felipe Fregni
- Laboratory of Neuromodulation, Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, United States
| | - Patrícia Pereira
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Preclinical Toxicology Laboratory, Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences: Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil
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Figueroba SR, Moreira JC, Amorim KS, Cunha LDLL, Morais TML, Ferreira LEN, Groppo FC. Effect of glucosamine sulphate on the temporomandibular joint of ovariectomised rats. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2020; 59:202-208. [PMID: 33384177 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2020.08.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Glycosamine is an amino-monosaccharide present in connective and cartilage tissues that contribute to the maintenance, resistance, flexibility, and elasticity of these tissues. This study aimed to determine the in vivo effects of glucosamine sulphate (GS) on the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) of ovariectomised rats (OVX).Thirty-two rats were distributed into four groups as follows: G1, sham-OVX+saline solution; G2, sham-OVX+glucosamine sulphate (80mg/kg) - oral administration; G3, OVX+saline solution; G4, OVX+glucosamine sulphate (80mg/kg) - oral administration. Animals were treated for seven days. The TMJ was removed and stained with toluidine blue. The thickness of the cartilage layers and cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α levels were determined by histomorphometry and immunoassay, respectively. The administration of GS to OVX females did not change the thickness of condylar cartilage when compared with the other groups (p>0.05). There was an increase in the total cartilage thickness in sham-OVX females. IL-1β and TNF-α levels were significantly lower in sham-OVX females than in OVX females, indicating that ovariectomy acts as potent cytokine inducer. IL-6 levels were significantly higher in sham-OVX females. GS did not affect cytokine production in OVX females (p>0.05). In conclusion, the administration of GS did not affect cytokine levels, but did induce an increase in the total thickness of the TMJ condylar cartilage in sham-OVX rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Figueroba
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas - UNICAMP - Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - J C Moreira
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas - UNICAMP - Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - K S Amorim
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas - UNICAMP - Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - L D L L Cunha
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas - UNICAMP - Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - T M L Morais
- Oral Patology, Departament of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas - UNICAMP - Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - L E N Ferreira
- Laboratory of Inflammation and Immunology, Guarulhos University - Guarulhos, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - F C Groppo
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas - UNICAMP - Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Figueroba S, Groppo M, Faibish D, Groppo F. The action of anti-inflammatory agents in healthy temporomandibular joint synovial tissues is sex-dependent. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2018; 47:205-213. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2017.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Singh V, Sudhakar K, Mallela KK, Mohanty R. A review of temporomandibular joint-related papers published between 2014-2015. J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg 2017; 43:368-372. [PMID: 29333366 PMCID: PMC5756793 DOI: 10.5125/jkaoms.2017.43.6.368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We conducted a retrospective study and reviewed the temporomandibular joint (TMJ)-related papers published in a leading international journal, Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, between January 2014 and December 2015. The study was conducted to ascertain and compare the trends of articles being published in the years 2014 and 2015. A total of 28 articles were reviewed, of which most of the full-length articles were on clinical management and outcomes and the role of radiology. The bulk of the studies were prospective, and less interest was shown in experimental research. A thorough review and analysis thus gives the impression that there is a great need for well-designed clinical studies on TMJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaibhav Singh
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - K.N.V. Sudhakar
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Kiran Kumar Mallela
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Rajat Mohanty
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, India
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Figueroba SR, Franco GCN, Omar NF, Groppo MF, Groppo FC. Dependence of cytokine levels on the sex of experimental animals: a pilot study on the effect of oestrogen in the temporomandibular joint synovial tissues. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2015; 44:1368-75. [PMID: 26194775 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2015.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Revised: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of 17β-oestradiol (E2) on cartilage thickness and cytokine levels in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Thirty rats (15 female, 15 male) were orchidectomized (ORX), ovariectomized (OVX), or sham-operated. After 21 days, animals were assigned to six groups: (1) sham-ORX; (2) ORX; (3) ORX+E2; (4) sham-OVX; (5) OVX; and (6) OVX+E2. Treatments were administered daily for 21 days. The thickness of cartilage layers (fibrous, proliferative, maturation, and hypertrophic) and cytokine levels (interleukins IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)) were measured by histomorphometry and ELISA, respectively. Kruskal-Wallis/Dunn's tests were used (alpha=5%). Sham-ORX showed thicker layers than ORX+E2, but not thicker than ORX. All layers, except the hypertrophic layer, were thicker in sham-OVX than OVX or OVX+E2. Although IL-1β levels were higher in castrated animals, E2 did not affect the level of this cytokine. IL-1α levels were higher in both ORX (P=0.0010) and ORX+E2 (P=0.0053) than in sham-ORX. However, E2 decreased IL-1α levels in OVX (P=0.0129). When compared to sham-ORX/OVX, IL-6 levels were not affected by E2 in males but were reduced in OVX (P=0.0079) and increased in OVX+E2 (P=0.0434). Levels of TNF-α were reduced by E2 in both ORX+E2 and OVX+E2. E2 treatment caused gender- and layer-dependent changes in the cartilage. Castration increased all cytokine levels, except for IL-6, without respect to gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Figueroba
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - G C N Franco
- Department of General Biology, Area of Physiology, Pathophysiology, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil
| | - N F Omar
- Department of Morphology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M F Groppo
- Department of Morphology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - F C Groppo
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
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The influence of altered occlusion on pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in the TMJ synovial tissues of rats. Arch Oral Biol 2014; 59:1164-71. [PMID: 25103542 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2014.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Revised: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate whether altered occlusion affects both the condylar cartilage thickness and the cytokine levels of the TMJs of rats. DESIGN Thirty adult-male rats (n=30) were randomly assigned to three experimental conditions: a control group that underwent sham operations with unaltered occlusion; an FPDM group that underwent functional posterior displacement of the mandible that was induced by an incisor guiding appliance; and an iOVD group in which the increased occlusal vertical dimension was induced in the molars. The rats were subjected to the FPDM or iOVD model for 14 days and then killed. Both the right and left TMJs were removed and randomly assigned to examination with staining or immunoassay techniques. Toluidine blue staining was used to measure the thicknesses of the four layers of the articular cartilage (i.e., the fibrous, proliferating, mature, and hypertrophic layers). ELISA assays were used to assess the concentrations of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, and tumour necrosis factor (TNF-α). The measurements of the articular cartilage layers and cytokine concentrations were analyzed with ANOVA and Tukey's tests and Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn tests, respectively (α=5%). RESULTS The thickness of articular cartilage in the FPDM group (0.3±0.03mm) was significantly greater than those of the control (0.2±0.01mm) and iOVD (0.25±0.03mm) groups. No significant difference was observed between the control and iOVD groups. The four articular cartilage layers were thicker in the FPDM group than in the control and iOVD groups, and the latter two groups did not differ one from each other. Both the FPDM and iOVD groups exhibited higher cytokine levels than did the control (p<0.05) group. Compared to the FPDM group, the iOVD group exhibited significantly higher levels of IL-1β and TNF-α. CONCLUSION Both models induced inflammation in the TMJ and caused significant structural changes in the TMJ and surrounding tissues.
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