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Fernando IPS, Fernando PWP, Kim T, Ahn G. Structural diversity, biosynthesis, and health-promoting properties of brown algal meroditerpenoids. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2022; 42:1238-1259. [PMID: 34875939 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2021.2001639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Marine algae that constitute hundreds of millions of tons of biomass are the oldest representatives of the plant kingdom. Recently, there has been growing interest in the utilization of algae as sustainable feedstocks for natural products with an economic value. Among these natural products are the meroditerpenoids, which are renowned for their protective effects against oxidative stress, inflammation, cancer, obesity, diabetes, and neurodegenerative disorders. Meroditerpenoids have a mixed biosynthetic origin and display a wide range of structural diversity. Their basic structure consists of a ring system bearing a diterpenoid side chain. Structural variations are observed in terms of the functional groups and saturation/cyclization of the diterpenoid side chain. This review classifies algal meroditerpenoids as plastoquinones, chromanols, chromenes, chromones, cyclic meroditerpenoids, nahocols, and isonahocols and examines their potential applications in functional foods and biopharmacology. Their lipid solubility, low molecular weight, and propensity to cross the blood-brain barrier places meroditerpenoids as potential drug candidates. There is growing interest in the study of algal meroterpenoids, and recent research has reported the structure of several new meroterpenoids and their biological activities. Further research is needed to extend the use of algal meroditerpenoids in preclinical trials. Understanding the mechanism of their biosynthesis will allow the development of de novo biosynthesis and biomimetic synthesis strategies for the industrial-scale production of meroditerpenoids and their synthetic derivatives to aid pharmaceutical research. This review is the first to summarize up-to-date information on all brown algae-derived meroditerpenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Taeho Kim
- Division of Marine Technology, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, South Korea
| | - Ginnae Ahn
- Department of Marine Bio-Food Sciences, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, South Korea
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, South Korea
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Environmental Impact on Seaweed Phenolic Production and Activity: An Important Step for Compound Exploitation. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19050245. [PMID: 33926129 PMCID: PMC8146014 DOI: 10.3390/md19050245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Seaweeds are a potential source of bioactive compounds that are useful for biotechnological applications and can be employed in different industrial areas in order to replace synthetic compounds with components of natural origin. Diverse studies demonstrate that there is a solid ground for the exploitation of seaweed bioactive compounds in order to prevent illness and to ensure a better and healthier lifestyle. Among the bioactive algal molecules, phenolic compounds are produced as secondary metabolites with beneficial effects on plants, and also on human beings and animals, due to their inherent bioactive properties, which exert antioxidant, antiviral, and antimicrobial activities. The use of phenolic compounds in pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, cosmetics, and food industries may provide outcomes that could enhance human health. Through the production of healthy foods and natural drugs, bioactive compounds from seaweeds can help with the treatment of human diseases. This review aims to highlight the importance of phenolic compounds from seaweeds, the scope of their production in nature and the impact that these compounds can have on human and animal health through nutraceutical and pharmaceutical products.
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Reverter M, Tribalat MA, Pérez T, Thomas OP. Metabolome variability for two Mediterranean sponge species of the genus Haliclona: specificity, time, and space. Metabolomics 2018; 14:114. [PMID: 30830434 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-018-1401-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The study of natural variation of metabolites brings valuable information on the physiological state of the organisms as well as their phenotypic traits. In marine organisms, metabolome variability has mostly been addressed through targeted studies on metabolites of ecological or pharmaceutical interest. However, comparative metabolomics has demonstrated its potential to address the overall and complex metabolic variability of organisms. OBJECTIVES In this study, the intraspecific (temporal and spatial) variability of two Mediterranean Haliclona sponges (H. fulva and H. mucosa) was investigated through an untargeted and then targeted metabolomics approach and further compared to their interspecific variability. METHODS Samples of both species were collected monthly during 1 year in the coralligenous habitat of the Northwestern Mediterranean sae at Marseille and Nice. Their metabolomic profiles were obtained by UHPLC-QqToF analyses. RESULTS Marked variations were noticed in April and May for both species including a decrease in Shannon's diversity and concentration in specialized metabolites together with an increase in fatty acids and lyso-PAF like molecules. Spatial variations across different sampling sites could also be observed for both species, however in a lesser extent. CONCLUSIONS Synchronous metabolic changes possibly triggered by physiological factors like reproduction and/or environmental factors like an increase in the water temperature were highlighted for both Mediterranean Haliclona species inhabiting close habitats but displaying different biosynthetic pathways. Despite significative intraspecific variations, metabolomic variability remains minor when compared to interspecific variations for these congenerous species, therefore suggesting the predominance of genetic information of the holobiont in the observed metabolome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Reverter
- Marine Biodiscovery, School of Chemistry and Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), University Road, Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Marie-Aude Tribalat
- Geoazur, UMR Université Nice Sophia Antipolis-CNRS-IRD-OCA, 06560, Valbonne, France
| | - Thierry Pérez
- Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie marine et continentale (IMBE), CNRS, IRD, Aix Marseille Université, Université Avignon, Station Marine d'Endoume, Rue de la Batterie des Lions, Marseille, France
| | - Olivier P Thomas
- Marine Biodiscovery, School of Chemistry and Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), University Road, Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland.
- Geoazur, UMR Université Nice Sophia Antipolis-CNRS-IRD-OCA, 06560, Valbonne, France.
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García PA, Hernández ÁP, San Feliciano A, Castro MÁ. Bioactive Prenyl- and Terpenyl-Quinones/Hydroquinones of Marine Origin †. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:E292. [PMID: 30134616 PMCID: PMC6165040 DOI: 10.3390/md16090292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The sea is a rich source of biological active compounds, among which terpenyl-quinones/hydroquinones constitute a family of secondary metabolites with diverse pharmacological properties. The chemical diversity and bioactivity of those isolated from marine organisms in the last 10 years are summarized in this review. Aspects related to synthetic approaches towards the preparation of improved bioactive analogues from inactive terpenoids are also outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo A García
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical Chemistry Section, CIETUS/IBSAL, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Salamanca, E-37007 Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Ángela P Hernández
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical Chemistry Section, CIETUS/IBSAL, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Salamanca, E-37007 Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Arturo San Feliciano
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical Chemistry Section, CIETUS/IBSAL, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Salamanca, E-37007 Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Mª Ángeles Castro
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical Chemistry Section, CIETUS/IBSAL, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Salamanca, E-37007 Salamanca, Spain.
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Marine Algae as Source of Novel Antileishmanial Drugs: A Review. Mar Drugs 2017; 15:md15110323. [PMID: 29109372 PMCID: PMC5706021 DOI: 10.3390/md15110323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne neglected tropical disease caused by protozoan parasites of the Leishmania genus and transmitted by the female Phlebotomus and Lutzomyia sand flies. The currently prescribed therapies still rely on pentavalent antimonials, pentamidine, paromomycin, liposomal amphotericin B, and miltefosine. However, their low efficacy, long-course treatment regimen, high toxicity, adverse side effects, induction of parasite resistance and high cost require the need for better drugs given that antileishmanial vaccines may not be available in the near future. Although most drugs are still derived from terrestrial sources, the interest in marine organisms as a potential source of promising novel bioactive natural agents has increased in recent years. About 28,000 compounds of marine origin have been isolated with hundreds of new chemical entities. Recent trends in drug research from natural resources indicated the high interest of aquatic eukaryotic photosynthetic organisms, marine algae in the search for new chemical entities given their broad spectrum and high bioactivities including antileishmanial potential. This current review describes prepared extracts and compounds from marine macroalgae along with their antileishmanial activity and provides prospective insights for antileishmanial drug discovery.
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Abstract
Covering: 2015. Previous review: Nat. Prod. Rep., 2016, 33, 382-431This review covers the literature published in 2015 for marine natural products (MNPs), with 1220 citations (792 for the period January to December 2015) referring to compounds isolated from marine microorganisms and phytoplankton, green, brown and red algae, sponges, cnidarians, bryozoans, molluscs, tunicates, echinoderms, mangroves and other intertidal plants and microorganisms. The emphasis is on new compounds (1340 in 429 papers for 2015), together with the relevant biological activities, source organisms and country of origin. Reviews, biosynthetic studies, first syntheses, and syntheses that lead to the revision of structures or stereochemistries, have been included.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Blunt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.
| | - Brent R Copp
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Robert A Keyzers
- Centre for Biodiscovery, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Murray H G Munro
- Department of Chemistry, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.
| | - Michèle R Prinsep
- Chemistry, School of Science, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
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Soares DC, Szlachta MM, Teixeira VL, Soares AR, Saraiva EM. The Brown Alga Stypopodium zonale (Dictyotaceae): A Potential Source of Anti-Leishmania Drugs. Mar Drugs 2016; 14:E163. [PMID: 27618071 PMCID: PMC5039534 DOI: 10.3390/md14090163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the anti-Leishmania amazonensis activity of a lipophilic extract from the brown alga Stypopodium zonale and atomaric acid, its major compound. Our initial results revealed high inhibitory activity for intracellular amastigotes in a dose-dependent manner and an IC50 of 0.27 μg/mL. Due to its high anti-Leishmania activity and low toxicity toward host cells, we fractionated the lipophilic extract. A major meroditerpene in this extract, atomaric acid, and its methyl ester derivative, which was obtained by a methylation procedure, were identified by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Both compounds inhibited intracellular amastigotes, with IC50 values of 20.2 μM (9 μg/mL) and 22.9 μM (10 μg/mL), and selectivity indexes of 8.4 μM and 11.5 μM. The leishmanicidal activity of both meroditerpenes was independent of nitric oxide (NO) production, but the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) may be at least partially responsible for the amastigote killing. Our results suggest that the lipophilic extract of S. zonale may represent an important source of compounds for the development of anti-Leishmania drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deivid Costa Soares
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21.941-902, Brazil.
| | - Marcella Macedo Szlachta
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21.941-902, Brazil.
| | - Valéria Laneuville Teixeira
- Laboratório Produtos Naturais de Algas Marinhas (ALGAMAR), Departamento de Biologia Marinha, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói 24.210-150, Brazil.
| | - Angelica Ribeiro Soares
- Grupo de Produtos Naturais de Organismos Aquáticos (GPNOA), Núcleo em Ecologia e Desenvolvimento Sócioambiental de Macaé (NUPEM), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Campus-Macaé, Rio de Janeiro 27.965-045, Brazil.
| | - Elvira Maria Saraiva
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21.941-902, Brazil.
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