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Chen K, Guan J, Liu K, You X, Xu M, Lu F, He Y. Erythrocyte Membrane Coating Alleviate Immune Response and Promoted Adipogenesis in Adipose Matrix. Tissue Eng Part A 2024. [PMID: 38832873 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2023.0354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Xenotransplantation of acellular adipose matrix (AAM) has come to prominence as an intriguing option for soft tissue reconstruction. However, the presence of immunogenic antigens within AAM can trigger unfavorable immune reactions, leading to inadequate in vivo regeneration outcomes. Therefore, the development of advanced technology capable of modulating immune responses is crucial for the therapeutic implementation of AAM xenografts. In this work, an innovative technique is created to bypass the immune system by covering the surface of both AAM and Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) peptide-modified AAM xenografts with autologous red blood cell (RBC) membrane. The RBC membrane coating remained persistent and exhibited no significant decline even after 21 days. Moreover, it effectively reduced the expression of antigen major histocompatibility complex class 1 (MHC1) on the AAM surface. Following xenogeneic transplantation, the RBC-coated xenografts demonstrated increased expression of the adipogenic factor PPAR-γ, Adipoq, Fabp4, Fasn, and Plin1 and higher numbers of adipocytes. In addition, they exhibited decreased expression of immunological factors, including IL-6, IL-2, IFN-γ, and TNF-α, and fewer inflammatory cells. These findings indicate that RBC membrane coating successfully suppressed immune responses and promoted increased adipogenesis in AAM xenografts. Therefore, AAM camouflage coating with RBC has a lot of potential as a biomaterial for soft tissue reconstruction in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiqi Chen
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jingyan Guan
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Kaiyang Liu
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xin You
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Mimi Xu
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Feng Lu
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yunfan He
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
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Xiong C, Yao W, Tao R, Yang S, Jiang W, Xu Y, Zhang J, Han Y. Application of Decellularized Adipose Matrix as a Bioscaffold in Different Tissue Engineering. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2024; 48:1045-1053. [PMID: 37726399 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-023-03608-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
With the development of tissue engineering, the application of decellularized adipose matrix as scaffold material in tissue engineering has been intensively explored due to its wide source and excellent potential in tissue regeneration. Decellularized adipose matrix is a promising candidate for adipose tissue regeneration, while modification of decellularized adipose matrix scaffold can also allow it to transcend the limitations of adipose tissue source properties and applied to other tissue engineering fields, including cartilage and bone tissue engineering, neural tissue engineering, and skin tissue engineering. In this review, we summarized the development of the applications of decellularized adipose matrix in different tissue engineering and present future perspectives.Level of Evidence III This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenlu Xiong
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Street, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Wende Yao
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Street, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Ran Tao
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Street, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Sihan Yang
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Street, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Weiqian Jiang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Street, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Yujian Xu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Street, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Julei Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Street, Beijing, 100853, China.
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, The 980st Hospital of the PLA Joint Logistics Support Force, Hebei, China.
| | - Yan Han
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Street, Beijing, 100853, China.
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Tran VVT, Hong KY, Jin X, Chang H. Histological Comparison of Nanofat and Lipoconcentrate: Enhanced Effects of Lipoconcentrate on Adipogenesis and Angiogenesis. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2024; 48:752-763. [PMID: 37648930 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-023-03583-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nanofat and lipoconcentrate contain adipose-derived stem cells and growth factors, and have wide clinical applications in the regenerative field. This study aimed to investigate the microenvironmental changes associated with nanofat and lipoconcentrate. METHODS Conventional fat, nanofat, or lipoconcentrate (0.2 mL each, n = 5 per group) were injected subcutaneously into the dorsal flanks of athymic nude mice. The graft weights were measured at postoperative week 4; the grafts and their overlying skin were used for histological analyses. RESULTS Weights of the lipoconcentrate grafts were significantly greater than those of the conventional fat (p < 0.05) and nanofat (p < 0.01) grafts. There was no significant difference in inflammation, oil cysts, and fibrosis between the conventional fat and nanofat groups. Histological examination of the lipoconcentrate grafts showed less macrophage infiltration and the formation of fibrosis and oil cysts. Additionally, adipogenesis and angiogenesis were induced more in the lipoconcentrate grafts than in the nanofat grafts (p < 0.01). Lipoconcentrate and nanofat improved dermal thickness (p < 0.001 and p < 0.01, respectively, versus the baseline). CONCLUSION Lipoconcentrate grafts had greater volume and shape retention than conventional fat and nanofat grafts. They had better histological structure and acted as scaffolds for adipogenesis and angiogenesis. Both products showed regenerative effects on dermal thickness; however, only lipoconcentrate grafts had the required volume and regenerative effects, allowing it to serve as a novel adipose-free grafting method for facial rejuvenation and contouring. NO LEVEL ASSIGNED This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each submission to which Evidence-Based Medicine rankings are applicable. This excludes Review Articles, Book Reviews, and manuscripts that concern Basic Science, Animal Studies, Cadaver Studies, and Experimental Studies. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinh Vuong The Tran
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ki Yong Hong
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Xian Jin
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hak Chang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea.
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Ziegler ME, Khabaz K, Khoshab N, Halaseh FF, Chnari E, Chen S, Baldi P, Evans GRD, Widgerow AD. Combining Allograft Adipose and Fascia Matrix as an Off-the-Shelf Scaffold for Adipose Tissue Engineering Stimulates Angiogenic Responses and Activates a Proregenerative Macrophage Profile in a Rodent Model. Ann Plast Surg 2023; 91:294-300. [PMID: 37489973 DOI: 10.1097/sap.0000000000003587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Bioscaffolds for treating soft tissue defects have limitations. As a bioscaffold, allograft adipose matrix (AAM) is a promising approach to treat soft tissue defects. Previously, we revealed that combining superficial adipose fascia matrix with AAM, components of the hypodermis layer of adipose tissue, improved volume retention, adipogenesis, and angiogenesis in rats 8 weeks after it was implanted compared with AAM alone. Here, we modified the fascia matrix and AAM preparation, examined the tissue over 18 weeks, and conducted a deeper molecular investigation. We hypothesized that the combined matrices created a better scaffold by triggering angiogenesis and proregenerative signals. METHODS Human AAM and fascia matrix were implanted (4 [1 mL] implants/animal) into the dorsum of male Fischer rats (6-8 weeks old; ~140 g) randomly as follows: AAM, fascia, 75/25 (AAM/fascia), 50/50, and 50/50 + hyaluronic acid (HA; to improve extrudability) (n = 4/group/time point). After 72 hours, as well as 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 18 weeks, graft retention was assessed by a gas pycnometer. Adipogenesis (HE), angiogenesis (CD31), and macrophage infiltration (CD80 and CD163) were evaluated histologically at all time points. The adipose area and M1/M2 macrophage ratio were determined using ImageJ. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and bioinformatics were conducted to evaluate pathway enrichments. RESULTS By 18 weeks, the adipose area was 2365% greater for 50/50 HA (281.6 ± 21.6) than AAM (11.4 ± 0.9) (P < 0.001). The M1/M2 macrophage ratio was significantly lower for 50/50 HA (0.8 ± 0.1) than AAM (0.9 ± 0.1) at 6 weeks (16%; P < 0.05). This inversely correlated with adipose area (r = -0.6; P > 0.05). The RNA-seq data revealed that upregulated adipogenesis, angiogenesis, and macrophage-induced tissue regeneration genes were temporally different between the groups. CONCLUSIONS Combining the fascia matrix with AAM creates a bioscaffold with an improved retention volume that supports M2 macrophage-mediated angiogenesis and adipogenesis. This bioscaffold is worthy of further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary E Ziegler
- From the Center for Tissue Engineering, UC Irvine Department of Plastic Surgery, Orange, CA
| | - Kameel Khabaz
- From the Center for Tissue Engineering, UC Irvine Department of Plastic Surgery, Orange, CA
| | - Nima Khoshab
- From the Center for Tissue Engineering, UC Irvine Department of Plastic Surgery, Orange, CA
| | - Faris F Halaseh
- From the Center for Tissue Engineering, UC Irvine Department of Plastic Surgery, Orange, CA
| | | | | | | | - Gregory R D Evans
- From the Center for Tissue Engineering, UC Irvine Department of Plastic Surgery, Orange, CA
| | - Alan D Widgerow
- From the Center for Tissue Engineering, UC Irvine Department of Plastic Surgery, Orange, CA
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Long J, Qin Z, Chen G, Song B, Zhang Z. Decellularized extracellular matrix (d-ECM): the key role of the inflammatory process in pre-regeneration after implantation. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:1215-1235. [PMID: 36625281 DOI: 10.1039/d2bm01204a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Clinical medicine is encountering the challenge of repairing soft-tissue defects. Currently, natural and synthetic materials have been developed as natural scaffolds. Among them, the decellularized extracellular matrix (d-ECM) can achieve tissue remodeling following injury and, thus, replace defects due to its advantages of the extensiveness of the source and excellent biological and mechanical properties. However, by analyzing the existing decellularization techniques, we found that different preparation methods directly affect the residual components of the d-ECM, and further have different effects on inflammation and regeneration of soft tissues. Therefore, we analyzed the role of different residual components of the d-ECM after decellularization. Then, we explored the inflammatory process and immune cells in an attempt to understand the mechanisms and causes of tissue degeneration and regeneration after transplantation. In this paper, we summarize the current studies related to updated protocols for the preparation of the d-ECM, biogenic and exogenous residual substances, inflammation, and immune cells influencing the fate of the d-ECM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Long
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Zijin Qin
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Guo Chen
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Baoqiang Song
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Ziang Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
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Salgado CJ, Gonzalez DI, Gelles-Soto D, Mercado A. Use of allograft fat for aesthetic and functional restoration of soft tissue contour deformities. J Surg Case Rep 2023; 2023:rjac629. [PMID: 36685121 PMCID: PMC9851659 DOI: 10.1093/jscr/rjac629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The authors report a case series of five patients with Leneva grafted into the nose, hand, genitalia and below-the-knee stump. Leneva is an allograft adipose matrix derived from aseptically processed human adipose tissue with retained matrix proteins, growth factors, cytokines and collagens. It is manufactured hydrated and is available in pre-loaded syringes. Five patients (3F, 2 M) with a mean age of 50.7 (range 31-77 years) injected with a mean volume of 4.2 cc (range 3-6 cc) of Leneva in various anatomic locations with an average follow up time of 4.25 months (range 0.5-12 months) experienced no allergic reactions, infection, fat necrosis or oil cysts. All patients were pleased with the restoration of fullness to the injected site. The authors believe that Leneva is a promising multi-use filler for restoring soft tissue defects following resection of tumours, to rejuvenate age-related atrophy, aesthetically enhance the genitals and provide padding for transtibial prostheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Salgado
- Correspondence address. Constructive Surgery Associates, 1330 Coral Way, Suite 306, Miami, FL 33145, USA. Tel: (786) 627-4601); Fax: (844) 269-6895; E-mail:
| | - Daisy I Gonzalez
- Correspondence address. Constructive Surgery Associates, 1330 Coral Way, Suite 306, Miami, FL 33145, USA. Tel: (786) 627-4601); Fax: (844) 269-6895; E-mail:
| | - Desha Gelles-Soto
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Constructive Surgery Associates, 1330 Coral Way, Suite 306, Miami, FL 33145, USA
| | - Adan Mercado
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Constructive Surgery Associates, 1330 Coral Way, Suite 306, Miami, FL 33145, USA
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Ziegler ME, Sorensen AM, Banyard DA, Sayadi LR, Chnari E, Hatch MM, Tassey J, Mirzakhanyan Y, Gershon PD, Hughes CC, Evans GR, Widgerow AD. Deconstructing Allograft Adipose and Fascia Matrix: Fascia Matrix Improves Angiogenesis, Volume Retention, and Adipogenesis in a Rodent Model. Plast Reconstr Surg 2023; 151:108-117. [PMID: 36219861 PMCID: PMC10081826 DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000009794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autologous fat grafting is commonly used for soft-tissue repair (approximately 90,000 cases per year in the United States), but outcomes are limited by volume loss (20% to 80%) over time. Human allograft adipose matrix (AAM) stimulates de novo adipogenesis in vivo, but retention requires optimization. The extracellular matrix derived from superficial fascia, interstitial within the adipose layer, is typically removed during AAM processing. Thus, fascia, which contains numerous important proteins, might cooperate with AAM to stimulate de novo adipogenesis, improving long-term retention compared to AAM alone. METHODS Human AAM and fascia matrix proteins (back and upper leg regions) were identified by mass spectrometry and annotated by gene ontology. A three-dimensional in vitro angiogenesis assay was performed. Finally, AAM and/or fascia (1 mL) was implanted into 6- to 8-week-old male Fischer rats. After 8 weeks, the authors assessed graft retention by gas pycnometry and angiogenesis (CD31) and adipocyte counts (hematoxylin and eosin) histologically. RESULTS Gene ontology annotation revealed an angiogenic enrichment pattern unique to the fascia, including lactadherin, collagen alpha-3(V) chain, and tenascin-C. In vitro, AAM stimulated 1.0 ± 0.17 angiogenic sprouts per bead. The addition of fascia matrix increased sprouting by 88% (2.0 ± 0.12; P < 0.001). A similar angiogenic response (CD31) was observed in vivo. Graft retention volume was 25% (0.25 ± 0.13) for AAM, significantly increasing to 60% (0.60 ± 0.14) for AAM/fascia ( P < 0.05). De novo adipogenesis was 12% (12.4 ± 7.4) for AAM, significantly increasing to 51% (51.2 ± 8.0) for AAM/fascia ( P < 0.001) by means of adipocyte quantification. CONCLUSIONS Combining fascia matrix with AAM improves angiogenesis and adipogenesis compared to AAM alone in rats. These preliminary in vitro and pilot animal studies should be further validated before definitive clinical adoption. CLINICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT When producing an off-the-shelf adipose inducing product by adding a connective tissue fascial component (that is normally discarded) to the mix of adipose matrix, vasculogenesis is increased and, thus, adipogenesis and graft survival is improved. This is a significant advance in this line of product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary E. Ziegler
- Center for Tissue Engineering, UC Irvine Department of Plastic Surgery, Orange, CA, USA
| | | | - Derek A. Banyard
- Center for Tissue Engineering, UC Irvine Department of Plastic Surgery, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Lohrasb R. Sayadi
- Center for Tissue Engineering, UC Irvine Department of Plastic Surgery, Orange, CA, USA
| | | | - Michaela M. Hatch
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, UC Irvine, USA
| | - Jade Tassey
- Center for Tissue Engineering, UC Irvine Department of Plastic Surgery, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Yeva Mirzakhanyan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, UC Irvine, USA
| | - Paul D. Gershon
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, UC Irvine, USA
| | - Christopher C.W. Hughes
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, UC Irvine, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Henry Samueli School of Engineering, UC Irvine, USA; The Edwards Lifesciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, UC Irvine, USA
| | - Gregory R.D. Evans
- Center for Tissue Engineering, UC Irvine Department of Plastic Surgery, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Alan D. Widgerow
- Center for Tissue Engineering, UC Irvine Department of Plastic Surgery, Orange, CA, USA
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Sajed R, Zarnani A, Madjd Z, Arefi S, Bolouri MR, Vafaei S, Samadikuchaksaraei A, Gholipourmalekabadi M, Haghighipour N, Ghods R. Introduction of an efficient method for placenta decellularization with high potential to preserve ultrastructure and support cell attachment. Artif Organs 2022; 46:375-386. [DOI: 10.1111/aor.14162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roya Sajed
- Department of Molecular Medicine Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS) Tehran Iran
- Oncopathology Research Center Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS) Tehran Iran
| | - Amir‐Hassan Zarnani
- Department of Immunology School of Public Health Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS) Tehran Iran
- Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center Avicenna Research Institute (ACECR) Tehran Iran
| | - Zahra Madjd
- Department of Molecular Medicine Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS) Tehran Iran
- Oncopathology Research Center Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS) Tehran Iran
| | - Soheila Arefi
- Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center Avicenna Research Institute (ACECR) Tehran Iran
- Genetics and In Vitro Assisted Reproductive (GIVAR) Center Erfan Hospital Tehran Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Bolouri
- Department of Immunology Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS) Tehran Iran
| | - Sedigheh Vafaei
- Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center Avicenna Research Institute (ACECR) Tehran Iran
| | - Ali Samadikuchaksaraei
- Department of Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS) Tehran Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS) Tehran Iran
| | - Mazaher Gholipourmalekabadi
- Department of Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS) Tehran Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS) Tehran Iran
| | | | - Roya Ghods
- Department of Molecular Medicine Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS) Tehran Iran
- Oncopathology Research Center Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS) Tehran Iran
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Jiang W, Cai J, Guan J, Liao Y, Lu F, Ma J, Gao J, Zhang Y. Characterized the Adipogenic Capacity of Adipose-Derived Stem Cell, Extracellular Matrix, and Microenvironment With Fat Components Grafting. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:723057. [PMID: 34616732 PMCID: PMC8489879 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.723057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Autologous fat grafting has been a widely used technique; however, the role of adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs), extracellular matrix (ECM), and microenvironment in fat regeneration are not fully understood. Methods: Lipoaspirates were obtained and processed by inter-syringe shifting to remove adipocytes, yielding an adipocyte-free fat (Aff). Aff was then exposed to lethal dose of radiation to obtain decellularized fat (Df). To further remove microenvironment, Df was rinsed with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) yielding rinsed decellularized fat (Rdf). Green fluorescent protein (GFP) lentivirus (LV-GFP)-transfected ASCs were added to Df to generate cell-recombinant decellularized fat (Crdf). Grafts were transplanted subcutaneously into nude mice and harvested over 3 months. Results: Removal of adipocytes (Aff) didn't compromise the retention of fat grafts, while additional removal of stromal vascular fraction (SVF) cells (Df) and microenvironment (Rdf) resulted in poor retention by day 90 (Aff, 82 ± 7.1% vs. Df, 28 ± 6.3%; p < 0.05; vs. Rdf, 5 ± 1.2%; p < 0.05). Addition of ASCs to Df (Crdf) partially restored its regenerative potential. Aff and Crdf exhibited rapid angiogenesis and M2-polarized macrophages infiltration, in contrast to impaired angiogenesis and M1-polarized inflammatory pattern in Df. GFP + ASCs participated in angiogenesis and displayed a phenotype of endothelial cells in Crdf. Conclusion: Adipose ECM and microenvironment have the capacity to stimulate early adipogenesis while ECM alone cannot induce adipogenesis in vivo. By directly differentiating into endothelial cells and regulating macrophage polarization, ASCs coordinate early adipogenesis with angiogenesis and tissue remodeling, leading to better long-term retention and greater tissue integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqing Jiang
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junrong Cai
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingyan Guan
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunjun Liao
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feng Lu
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Ma
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianhua Gao
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuteng Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Quality and Quantity-Cultured Human Mononuclear Cells Improve Human Fat Graft Vascularization and Survival in an In Vivo Murine Experimental Model. Plast Reconstr Surg 2021; 147:373-385. [PMID: 33235046 DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000007580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fat graft ischemia impedes us from having satisfying long-term results. The quality and quantity culture is a 1-week cell culture that increases the vasculogenic potential of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNC). This in vivo murine model investigates whether enrichment with quality and quantity-cultured human mononuclear cells (MNC-QQ) improves the vascularization in the human fat graft and whether this decreases the tissue loss. METHODS Human adipose tissue, PBMNC, MNC-QQ, and stromal vascular fraction were prepared. First, PBMNC, MNC-QQ, and stromal vascular fraction were compared in vitro for vasculogenic potential by endothelial progenitor cell colony-forming and culture assays. Second, 0.25-g fat grafts were created with 1 × 106 PBMNC (n = 16), 1 × 106 MNC-QQ (n = 16), 1 × 106 stromal vascular fraction (n = 16), or phosphate-buffered saline as control (n = 16) before grafting in BALB/c nude mice. Grafts were analyzed for weight persistence, vessel formation by CD31 immunohistochemistry, and angiogenic markers by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS MNC-QQ develop more definitive endothelial progenitor cell colonies and more functional endothelial progenitor cells compared to PBMNC and stromal vascular fraction. Weight persistence after 7 weeks was significantly higher in grafts with MNC-QQ (89.8 ± 3.5 percent) or stromal vascular fraction (90.1 ± 4.2 percent) compared with control (70.4 ± 6.3 percent; p < 0.05). MNC-QQ-enriched grafts had the highest vessel density (96.6 ± 6.5 vessels/mm2; control, 70.4 ± 5.6 vessels/mm2; p < 0.05). MNC-QQ exerted a direct vasculogenic effect through vascular integration and a potential paracrine vascular endothelial growth factor-mediated effect. CONCLUSION Quality and quantity-cultured human mononuclear cells containing endothelial progenitor cells stimulate fat graft vascularization and enhance graft survival in a rodent recipient.
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Pu W, Han Y, Yang M. Human decellularized adipose tissue hydrogels as a culture platform for human adipose-derived stem cell delivery. J Appl Biomater Funct Mater 2021; 19:2280800020988141. [PMID: 33926291 DOI: 10.1177/2280800020988141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) have been widely researched and used as a drug therapy in many fields like disease treatment and tissue engineering. However, ADSCs are susceptible to the surrounding environment. The emergence of acellular extracellular matrix provides a solution, which can serve as biomaterial scaffold as well as original ecological niche for the stem cells. Therefore, we propose the hypothesis that human decellularized adipose tissues (hDAT) are processed into injectable hydrogels and then mixed evenly with ADSCs. So that the ADSCs embedded-hydrogels could directly carry the stem cells to the appropriate sites. The hDAT hydrogel could provide microenvironmental protection for ADSCs. In this study, we successfully made human decellularized adipose tissue hydrogel (hDAT-gel), which was temperature-sensitive, liquid at 4°C and semi-solid at 37°C. When the ADSCs were embedded in hDAT-gel, they survived well and continued to grow well in layers. When the pre-gel containing ADSCs was injected subcutaneously into nude mice, the sample results after 15 min showed gelation occurred in situ. These results suggested that hDAT-gel could provide a culture platform for ADSCs delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Pu
- Department of Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Han
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA (People's Liberation Army) General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Mingyong Yang
- Department of Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Yang J, Zhou C, Fu J, Yang Q, He T, Tan Q, Lv Q. In situ Adipogenesis in Biomaterials Without Cell Seeds: Current Status and Perspectives. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:647149. [PMID: 33763426 PMCID: PMC7982583 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.647149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
For cosmetic and reconstructive purposes in the setting of small-volume adipose tissue damage due to aging, traumatic defects, oncological resections, and degenerative diseases, the current strategies for soft tissue replacement involve autologous fat grafts and tissue fillers with synthetic, bioactive, or tissue-engineered materials. However, they all have drawbacks such as volume shrinkage and foreign-body responses. Aiming to regenerate bioactive vascularized adipose tissue on biomaterial scaffolds, adipose tissue engineering (ATE) has emerged as a suitable substitute for soft tissue repair. The essential components of ATE include scaffolds as support, cells as raw materials for fat formation, and a tolerant local environment to allow regeneration to occur. The commonly loaded seeding cells are adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs), which are expected to induce stable and predictable adipose tissue formation. However, defects in stem cell enrichment, such as donor-site sacrifice, limit their wide application. As a promising alternative approach, cell-free bioactive scaffolds recruit endogenous cells for adipogenesis. In biomaterials without cell seeds, the key to sufficient adipogenesis relies on the recruitment of endogenous host cells and continuous induction of cell homing to scaffolds. Regeneration, rather than repair, is the fundamental dominance of an optimal mature product. To induce in situ adipogenesis, many researchers have focused on the mechanical and biochemical properties of scaffolds. In addition, efforts to regulate an angiogenic and adipogenic microenvironment in cell-free settings involve integrating growth factors or extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins onto bioactive scaffolds. Despite the theoretical feasibility and encouraging results in animal models, few of the reported cell-free biomaterials have been tested in humans, and failures of decellularized adipose tissues in adipogenesis have also been reported. In these cases, the most likely reason was the lack of supporting vasculature. This review summarizes the current status of biomaterials without cell seeds. Related mechanisms and influencing factors of in situ adipogenesis in cell-free biomaterials, dilemma in the development of biomaterials, and future perspectives are also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiqiao Yang
- Department of Breast Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Tumor Targeted and Immune Therapy, Clinical Research Center for Breast Disease, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chen Zhou
- Department of Breast Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingyang Fu
- West China School of Medicine/West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qianru Yang
- Department of Breast Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao He
- Department of Breast Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiuwen Tan
- Department of Breast Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qing Lv
- Department of Breast Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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13
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Hanai H, Jacob G, Nakagawa S, Tuan RS, Nakamura N, Shimomura K. Potential of Soluble Decellularized Extracellular Matrix for Musculoskeletal Tissue Engineering - Comparison of Various Mesenchymal Tissues. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:581972. [PMID: 33330460 PMCID: PMC7732506 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.581972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It is well studied that preparations of decellularized extracellular matrix (ECM) obtained from mesenchymal tissues can function as biological scaffolds to regenerate injured musculoskeletal tissues. Previously, we reported that soluble decellularized ECMs derived from meniscal tissue demonstrated excellent biocompatibility and produced meniscal regenerate with native meniscal anatomy and biochemical characteristics. We therefore hypothesized that decellularized mesenchymal tissue ECMs from various mesenchymal tissues should exhibit tissue-specific bioactivity. The purpose of this study was to test this hypothesis using porcine tissues, for potential applications in musculoskeletal tissue engineering. Methods Nine types of porcine tissue, including cartilage, meniscus, ligament, tendon, muscle, synovium, fat pad, fat, and bone, were decellularized using established methods and solubilized. Although the current trend is to develop tissue specific decellularization protocols, we selected a simple standard protocol across all tissues using Triton X-100 and DNase/RNase after mincing to compare the outcome. The content of sulfated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) and hydroxyproline were quantified to determine the biochemical composition of each tissue. Along with the concentration of several growth factors, known to be involved in tissue repair and/or maturation, including bFGF, IGF-1, VEGF, and TGF-β1. The effect of soluble ECMs on cell differentiation was explored by combining them with 3D collagen scaffold culturing human synovium derived mesenchymal stem cells (hSMSCs). Results The decellularization of each tissue was performed and confirmed both histologically [hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and 4’,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining] and on the basis of dsDNA quantification. The content of hydroxyproline of each tissue was relatively unchanged during the decellularization process when comparing the native and decellularized tissue. Cartilage and meniscus exhibited a significant decrease in sGAG content. The content of hydroxyproline in meniscus-derived ECM was the highest when compared with other tissues, while sGAG content in cartilage was the highest. Interestingly, a tissue-specific composition of most of the growth factors was measured in each soluble decellularized ECM and specific differentiation potential was particularly evident in cartilage, ligament and bone derived ECMs. Conclusion In this study, soluble decellularized ECMs exhibited differences based on their tissue of origin and the present results are important going forward in the field of musculoskeletal regeneration therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroto Hanai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - George Jacob
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan.,Department of Orthopaedics, Tejasvini Hospital, Mangalore, India
| | - Shinichi Nakagawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Rocky S Tuan
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Norimasa Nakamura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan.,Institute for Medical Science in Sports, Osaka Health Science University, Osaka, Japan.,Global Center for Medical Engineering and Informatics, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Kazunori Shimomura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
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Pu W, Ren J, Chen Y, Shu J, Cui L, Han Y, Xi J, Pei X, Yue W, Han Y. Injectable human decellularized adipose tissue hydrogel containing stem cells enhances wound healing in mouse. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.125268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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15
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Granz CL, Gorji A. Dental stem cells: The role of biomaterials and scaffolds in developing novel therapeutic strategies. World J Stem Cells 2020; 12:897-921. [PMID: 33033554 PMCID: PMC7524692 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v12.i9.897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental stem cells (DSCs) are self-renewable cells that can be obtained easily from dental tissues, and are a desirable source of autologous stem cells. The use of DSCs for stem cell transplantation therapeutic approaches is attractive due to their simple isolation, high plasticity, immunomodulatory properties, and multipotential abilities. Using appropriate scaffolds loaded with favorable biomolecules, such as growth factors, and cytokines, can improve the proliferation, differentiation, migration, and functional capacity of DSCs and can optimize the cellular morphology to build tissue constructs for specific purposes. An enormous variety of scaffolds have been used for tissue engineering with DSCs. Of these, the scaffolds that particularly mimic tissue-specific micromilieu and loaded with biomolecules favorably regulate angiogenesis, cell-matrix interactions, degradation of extracellular matrix, organized matrix formation, and the mineralization abilities of DSCs in both in vitro and in vivo conditions. DSCs represent a promising cell source for tissue engineering, especially for tooth, bone, and neural tissue restoration. The purpose of the present review is to summarize the current developments in the major scaffolding approaches as crucial guidelines for tissue engineering using DSCs and compare their effects in tissue and organ regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Larissa Granz
- Epilepsy Research Center, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Ali Gorji
- Epilepsy Research Center, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster 48149, Germany
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16
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Yang JZ, Qiu LH, Xiong SH, Dang JL, Rong XK, Hou MM, Wang K, Yu Z, Yi CG. Decellularized adipose matrix provides an inductive microenvironment for stem cells in tissue regeneration. World J Stem Cells 2020; 12:585-603. [PMID: 32843915 PMCID: PMC7415251 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v12.i7.585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cells play a key role in tissue regeneration due to their self-renewal and multidirectional differentiation, which are continuously regulated by signals from the extracellular matrix (ECM) microenvironment. Therefore, the unique biological and physical characteristics of the ECM are important determinants of stem cell behavior. Although the acellular ECM of specific tissues and organs (such as the skin, heart, cartilage, and lung) can mimic the natural microenvironment required for stem cell differentiation, the lack of donor sources restricts their development. With the rapid development of adipose tissue engineering, decellularized adipose matrix (DAM) has attracted much attention due to its wide range of sources and good regeneration capacity. Protocols for DAM preparation involve various physical, chemical, and biological methods. Different combinations of these methods may have different impacts on the structure and composition of DAM, which in turn interfere with the growth and differentiation of stem cells. This is a narrative review about DAM. We summarize the methods for decellularizing and sterilizing adipose tissue, and the impact of these methods on the biological and physical properties of DAM. In addition, we also analyze the application of different forms of DAM with or without stem cells in tissue regeneration (such as adipose tissue), repair (such as wounds, cartilage, bone, and nerves), in vitro bionic systems, clinical trials, and other disease research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Zhong Yang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Li-Hong Qiu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Shao-Heng Xiong
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Juan-Li Dang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xiang-Ke Rong
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Meng-Meng Hou
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Zhou Yu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Cheng-Gang Yi
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
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Sharath SS, Ramu J, Nair SV, Iyer S, Mony U, Rangasamy J. Human Adipose Tissue Derivatives as a Potent Native Biomaterial for Tissue Regenerative Therapies. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2020; 17:123-140. [PMID: 31953618 PMCID: PMC7105544 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-019-00230-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human adipose tissue is a great source of translatable biomaterials owing to its ease of availability and simple processing. Reusing discardable adipose tissue for tissue regeneration helps in mimicking the exact native microenvironment of tissue. Over the past 10 years, extraction, processing, tuning and fabrication of adipose tissue have grabbed the attention owing to their native therapeutic and regenerative potential. The present work gives the overview of next generation biomaterials derived from human adipose tissue and their development with clinical relevance. METHODS Around 300 articles have been reviewed to widen the knowledge on the isolation, characterization techniques and medical applications of human adipose tissue and its derivatives from bench to bedside. The prospective applications of adipose tissue derivatives like autologous fat graft, stromal vascular fraction, stem cells, preadipocyte, adipokines and extracellular matrix, their behavioural mechanism, rational property of providing native bioenvironment, circumventing their translational abilities, recent advances in featuring them clinically have been reviewed extensively to reveal the dormant side of human adipose tissue. RESULTS Basic understanding about the molecular and structural aspect of human adipose tissue is necessary to employ it constructively. This review has nailed the productive usage of human adipose tissue, in a stepwise manner from exploring the methods of extracting derivatives, concerns during processing and its formulations to turning them into functional biomaterials. Their performance as functional biomaterials for skin regeneration, wound healing, soft tissue defects, stem cell and other regenerative therapies under in vitro and in vivo conditions emphasizes the translational efficiency of adipose tissue derivatives. CONCLUSION In the recent years, research interest has inclination towards constructive tissue engineering and regenerative therapies. Unravelling the maximum utilization of human adipose tissue derivatives paves a way for improving existing tissue regeneration and cellular based therapies and other biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siva Sankari Sharath
- Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, 682041, India
| | - Janarthanan Ramu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, 682041, India
| | - Shantikumar Vasudevan Nair
- Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, 682041, India
| | - Subramaniya Iyer
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, 682041, India
| | - Ullas Mony
- Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, 682041, India.
| | - Jayakumar Rangasamy
- Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, 682041, India.
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Gold MH, Kinney BM, Kaminer MS, Rohrich RJ, D'Amico RA. A multi-center, open-label, pilot study of allograft adipose matrix for the correction of atrophic temples. J Cosmet Dermatol 2020; 19:1044-1056. [PMID: 32176417 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.13363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autologous fat grafting (AFG) and synthetic fillers are currently used in esthetic and reconstructive surgery. Challenges in AFG include inconsistent graft retention, donor site morbidities, insufficient harvest, and excessive harvesting times. An allograft adipose matrix (AAM) has been developed as an off-the-shelf alternative to AFG and synthetic fillers. AIMS To evaluate the clinical safety and retention of an AAM over 24 weeks after treatment of bilateral atrophic temples. PATIENTS/METHODS Ten subjects (nine females, one male, aged 47-69 years) with temple atrophy were enrolled in the IRB-approved study. AAM (Renuva® , MTF Biologics, Edison, NJ) was injected (<3 mL) bilaterally into the atrophic temples of each subject. Volume retention, global improvement, and safety were evaluated at 1, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24 weeks. Biopsy specimens were obtained for adipogenic and angiogenic histological evaluation. RESULTS The mean temple volume improved over the baseline and was retained throughout the study period. Fullness (measure of volume) increased immediately from 0 pretreatment to 2.8 post-treatment (scale 0-4 = none-maximum). Fullness varied from 0.8 to 2.2 from weeks 1 through 12 and was 2.7-3.0 from weeks 16-24, around 75% increase from baseline. Furthermore, skin tone, smoothness, texture, and overall appearance also improved with 71% of subjects being satisfied to very satisfied with the results. Adverse events were minimal and histology revealed native tissue incorporation and remodeling. CONCLUSION AAM is safe and well tolerated, provides at least 6-month volume retention, improves skin quality, and supports adipose tissue remodeling after treatment into temples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael H Gold
- Tennessee Clinical Research Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Brian M Kinney
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Beverly Hills, California
| | - Michael S Kaminer
- Yale School of Medicine, Skin Care Physicians, Inc, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts
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Deng M, Wang X, Yu Z, Cai Y, Liu W, Zhou G, Wang X, Yu Z, Li W, Zhang WJ. Cell-free fat extract promotes tissue regeneration in a tissue expansion model. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:50. [PMID: 32019588 PMCID: PMC7001260 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-1564-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tissue expansion techniques play an important role in plastic surgery. How to improve the quality of the expanded skin and shorten the expansion period are still worth investigating. Our previous studies found that a cell-free fat extract (CEFFE) possessed pro-angiogenic and pro-proliferative activities. However, the role of CEFFE on tissue expansion has remained unclear. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of CEFFE on tissue expansion. Methods A rat tissue expansion model was used. Animals were treated with CEFFE by subcutaneous injection. After 4 weeks of tissue expansion, the skin necrosis and retraction rates were evaluated, the thicknesses of the epidermis and dermis were determined by histological analyses, blood vessel density was measured by anti-CD31 staining, cell proliferation was assessed by proliferating cell nuclear antigen staining, and the expression of specific proteins was evaluated by western blot analyses. In addition, the effects of CEFFE on the proliferation and cell cycle of cultured HaCaT cells were evaluated in vitro. Results CEFFE treatment significantly decreased the necrosis rate and retraction of the expanded skin. The thickness of the epidermal and dermal layers was higher in CEFFE-treated compared to untreated skin. The density of blood vessels and cell proliferation in the epidermis of the expanded skin was improved by CEFFE treatment. In addition, CEFFE treatment significantly increased the expression of the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor, epidermal growth factor receptor, collagen type 1, and collagen type 3. CEFFE also increased the proliferation of HaCaT cells in culture. Conclusions CEFFE improves the quality of the expanded skin by promoting angiogenesis and cell proliferation. It could be potentially used clinically for augmenting tissue expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingwu Deng
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, National Tissue Engineering Center of China, 639 ZhiZaoJu Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Xiangsheng Wang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, National Tissue Engineering Center of China, 639 ZhiZaoJu Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Ziyou Yu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, National Tissue Engineering Center of China, 639 ZhiZaoJu Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Yizuo Cai
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, National Tissue Engineering Center of China, 639 ZhiZaoJu Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, National Tissue Engineering Center of China, 639 ZhiZaoJu Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Guangdong Zhou
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, National Tissue Engineering Center of China, 639 ZhiZaoJu Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Xiansong Wang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, National Tissue Engineering Center of China, 639 ZhiZaoJu Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Zheyuan Yu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, National Tissue Engineering Center of China, 639 ZhiZaoJu Road, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, National Tissue Engineering Center of China, 639 ZhiZaoJu Road, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| | - Wen Jie Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, National Tissue Engineering Center of China, 639 ZhiZaoJu Road, Shanghai, 200011, China.
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Lin M, Ge J, Wang X, Dong Z, Xing M, Lu F, He Y. Biochemical and biomechanical comparisions of decellularized scaffolds derived from porcine subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue. J Tissue Eng 2019; 10:2041731419888168. [PMID: 31762987 PMCID: PMC6856974 DOI: 10.1177/2041731419888168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Decellularized adipose tissue (DAT) is a promising biomaterial for adipose tissue
engineering. However, there is a lack of research of DAT prepared from
xenogeneic porcine adipose tissue. This study aimed to compare the adipogenic
ability of DAT derived from porcine subcutaneous (SDAT) and visceral adipose
tissue (VDAT). The retention of key collagen in decellularized matrix was
analysed to study the biochemical properties of SDAT and VDAT. For the
biomechanical study, both DAT materials were fabricated into three-dimensional
(3D) porous scaffolds for rheology and compressive tests. Human adipose-derived
stem cells (ADSCs) were cultured on both scaffolds to further investigate the
effect of matrix stiffness on cellular morphology and on adipogenic
differentiation. ADSCs cultured on soft VDAT exhibited significantly reduced
cellular area and upregulated adipogenic markers compared to those cultured on
SDAT. In vivo results revealed higher adipose regeneration in the VDAT compared
to the SDAT. This study further demonstrated that the relative expression of
collagen IV and laminin was significantly higher in VDAT than in SDAT, while the
collagen I expression and matrix stiffness of SDAT was significantly higher in
comparison to VDAT. This result suggested that porcine adipose tissue could
serve as a promising candidate for preparing DAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maohui Lin
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jinbo Ge
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xuecen Wang
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Ziqing Dong
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Malcolm Xing
- Departments of Mechanical Engineering, and Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Feng Lu
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yunfan He
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
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Injectable Allograft Adipose Matrix Supports Adipogenic Tissue Remodeling in the Nude Mouse and Human. Plast Reconstr Surg 2019; 143:299e-309e. [PMID: 30688888 PMCID: PMC6358185 DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000005269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Background: Adipose tissue reaches cellular stasis after puberty, leaving adipocytes unable to significantly expand or renew under normal physiologic conditions. This is problematic in progressive lipodystrophies, in instances of scarring, and in soft-tissue damage resulting from lumpectomy and traumatic deformities, because adipose tissue will not self-renew once damaged. This yields significant clinical necessity for an off-the-shelf de novo soft-tissue replacement mechanism. Methods: A process comprising separate steps of removing lipid and cellular materials from adipose tissue has been developed, creating an ambient temperature-stable allograft adipose matrix. Growth factors and matrix proteins relevant to angiogenesis and adipogenesis were identified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunohistochemistry, and subcutaneous soft-tissue integration of the allograft adipose matrix was investigated in vivo in both the athymic mouse and the dorsum of the human wrist. Results: Allograft adipose matrix maintained structural components and endogenous growth factors. In vitro, adipose-derived stem cells cultured on allograft adipose matrix underwent adipogenesis in the absence of media-based cues. In vivo, animal modeling showed vasculature formation followed by perilipin A–positive tissue segments. Allograft adipose matrix maintained soft-tissue volume in the dorsal wrist in a 4-month investigation with no severe adverse events, becoming palpably consistent with subcutaneous adipose. Conclusions: Subcutaneous implantation of allograft adipose matrix laden with retained angiogenic and adipogenic factors served as an inductive scaffold for sustaining adipogenesis. Tissue incorporation assessed histologically from both the subcutaneous injection site of the athymic nude mouse over 6 months and human dorsal wrist presented adipocyte morphology residing within the injected scaffold.
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Tissue-Engineered Grafts from Human Decellularized Extracellular Matrices: A Systematic Review and Future Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19124117. [PMID: 30567407 PMCID: PMC6321114 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19124117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine involve many different artificial and biologic materials, frequently integrated in composite scaffolds, which can be repopulated with various cell types. One of the most promising scaffolds is decellularized allogeneic extracellular matrix (ECM) then recellularized by autologous or stem cells, in order to develop fully personalized clinical approaches. Decellularization protocols have to efficiently remove immunogenic cellular materials, maintaining the nonimmunogenic ECM, which is endowed with specific inductive/differentiating actions due to its architecture and bioactive factors. In the present paper, we review the available literature about the development of grafts from decellularized human tissues/organs. Human tissues may be obtained not only from surgery but also from cadavers, suggesting possible development of Human Tissue BioBanks from body donation programs. Many human tissues/organs have been decellularized for tissue engineering purposes, such as cartilage, bone, skeletal muscle, tendons, adipose tissue, heart, vessels, lung, dental pulp, intestine, liver, pancreas, kidney, gonads, uterus, childbirth products, cornea, and peripheral nerves. In vitro recellularizations have been reported with various cell types and procedures (seeding, injection, and perfusion). Conversely, studies about in vivo behaviour are poorly represented. Actually, the future challenge will be the development of human grafts to be implanted fully restored in all their structural/functional aspects.
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Mahoney CM, Imbarlina C, Yates CC, Marra KG. Current Therapeutic Strategies for Adipose Tissue Defects/Repair Using Engineered Biomaterials and Biomolecule Formulations. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:507. [PMID: 29867506 PMCID: PMC5966552 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineered scaffolds for adipose restoration/repair has significantly evolved in recent years. Patients requiring soft tissue reconstruction, caused by defects or pathology, require biomaterials that will restore void volume with new functional tissue. The gold standard of autologous fat grafting (AFG) is not a reliable option. This review focuses on the latest therapeutic strategies for the treatment of adipose tissue defects using biomolecule formulations and delivery, and specifically engineered biomaterials. Additionally, the clinical need for reliable off-the-shelf therapies, animal models, and challenges facing current technologies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Mahoney
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Cayla Imbarlina
- Department of Biology, Carlow University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Cecelia C Yates
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Department of Health Promotion and Development, School of Nursing, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Kacey G Marra
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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Dong J, Yu M, Zhang Y, Yin Y, Tian W. Recent developments and clinical potential on decellularized adipose tissue. J Biomed Mater Res A 2018; 106:2563-2574. [PMID: 29664222 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease; West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University; Chengdu China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University; Chengdu China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine; West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University; Chengdu China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University; Chengdu China
| | - Mei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease; West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University; Chengdu China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University; Chengdu China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine; West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University; Chengdu China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University; Chengdu China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease; West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University; Chengdu China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University; Chengdu China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine; West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University; Chengdu China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University; Chengdu China
| | - Yin Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease; West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University; Chengdu China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University; Chengdu China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine; West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University; Chengdu China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University; Chengdu China
| | - Weidong Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease; West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University; Chengdu China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University; Chengdu China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine; West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University; Chengdu China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University; Chengdu China
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Tissue Augmentation with Allograft Adipose Matrix For the Diabetic Foot in Remission. PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY-GLOBAL OPEN 2017; 5:e1555. [PMID: 29184753 PMCID: PMC5682189 DOI: 10.1097/gox.0000000000001555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Background: Repetitive stress on the neuropathic plantar foot is the primary cause of diabetic foot ulcers. After healing, recurrence is common. Modulating plantar pressure has been associated with extension of ulcer free days. Therefore, the goal of this study was to determine the effects of an injectable allograft adipose matrix in providing a protective padding and reducing the pressure in the plantar foot. Methods: After healing his recurrent ulcer using total contact casting, a 71-year-old man with a 9-year history of recurrent diabetic foot ulcers was treated with injection of allograft adipose matrix, procured from donated human tissue. This was delivered under postulcerative callus on the weight-bearing surface of the distal end of the first ray resection. As is standard in our clinic for tissue augmentation procedures, our patient underwent serial plantar pressure mapping using an in-shoe pressure monitoring system. Results: There was a 76.8% decrease in the mean peak pressure due to the fat matrix injected into the second metatarsal region and a 70.1% decrease in mean peak pressure for the first ray resection at the site of the postulcerative callus. By 2 months postoperatively, there was no evidence of residual callus. This extended out to the end of clinical follow-up at 4 months. Conclusion: The results from this preliminary experience suggest that allograft adipose matrix delivered to the high risk diabetic foot may have promise in reducing tissue stress over pre- and postulcerative lesions. This may ultimately assist the clinician in extending ulcer-free days for patients in diabetic foot remission.
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26
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Adipose Extracellular Matrix/Stromal Vascular Fraction Gel Secretes Angiogenic Factors and Enhances Skin Wound Healing in a Murine Model. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:3105780. [PMID: 28835892 PMCID: PMC5556995 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3105780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells are an attractive cell type for cytotherapy in wound healing. The authors recently developed a novel, adipose-tissue-derived, injectable extracellular matrix/stromal vascular fraction gel (ECM/SVF-gel) for stem cell therapy. This study was designed to assess the therapeutic effects of ECM/SVF-gel on wound healing and potential mechanisms. ECM/SVF-gel was prepared for use in nude mouse excisional wound healing model. An SVF cell suspension and phosphate-buffered saline injection served as the control. The expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) in ECM/SVF-gel were analyzed at different time points. Angiogenesis (tube formation) assays of ECM/SVF-gel extracts were evaluated, and vessels density in skin was determined. The ECM/SVF-gel extract promoted tube formation in vitro and increased the expression of the angiogenic factors VEGF and bFGF compared with those in the control. The expression of the inflammatory chemoattractant MCP-1 was high in ECM/SVF-gel at the early stage and decreased sharply during the late stage of wound healing. The potent angiogenic effects exerted by ECM/SVF-gel may contribute to the improvement of wound healing, and these effects could be related to the enhanced inflammatory response in ECM/SVF-gel during the early stage of wound healing.
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Tan QW, Zhang Y, Luo JC, Zhang D, Xiong BJ, Yang JQ, Xie HQ, Lv Q. Hydrogel derived from decellularized porcine adipose tissue as a promising biomaterial for soft tissue augmentation. J Biomed Mater Res A 2017; 105:1756-1764. [PMID: 28165664 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Decellularized extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffolds from human adipose tissue, characterized by impressive adipogenic induction ability, are promising for soft tissue augmentation. However, scaffolds from autologous human adipose tissue are limited by the availability of tissue resources and the time necessary for scaffold fabrication. The objective of the current study was to investigate the adipogenic properties of hydrogels of decellularized porcine adipose tissue (HDPA). HDPA induced the adipogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) in vitro, with significantly increased expression of adipogenic genes. Subcutaneous injection of HDPA in immunocompetent mice induced host-derived adipogenesis without cell seeding, and adipogenesis was significantly enhanced with ADSCs seeding. The newly formed adipocytes were frequently located on the basal side in the non-seeding group, but this trend was not observed in the ADSCs seeding group. Our results indicated that, similar to human adipose tissue, the ECM scaffold derived from porcine adipose tissue could provide an adipogenic microenvironment for adipose tissue regeneration and is a promising biomaterial for soft tissue augmentation. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 1756-1764, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-Wen Tan
- Department of Breast Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.,Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Jing-Cong Luo
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Di Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Bin-Jun Xiong
- Department of Breast Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Ji-Qiao Yang
- Department of Breast Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Hui-Qi Xie
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Qing Lv
- Department of Breast Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
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Roehm KD, Hornberger J, Madihally SV. In vitro characterization of acelluar porcine adipose tissue matrix for use as a tissue regenerative scaffold. J Biomed Mater Res A 2016; 104:3127-3136. [PMID: 27465789 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated a novel approach to decellularizing porcine adipose tissue while preserving its 3-D architecture. An ethanol-water mixture was used as a solvent to remove lipids and the number of freeze-thaw cycles (1-7), ethanol concentration, and tissue thickness were tested. Trypsin incubation time (1-3 h) and xylene immersion time were investigated separately. Processed sample microarchitecture was analyzed via scanning electron microscope, cellular content was analyzed via hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, and DNA content was analyzed using gel electrophoresis. Tensile testing and five-stage incremental stress-relaxation testing was performed in phosphate-buffered saline at 37°C. Human neuroblasts were seeded and evaluated for infiltration and attachment over 8 days. Four cycles of freeze-thaw in 50% ethanol-water mixture removed one-third of the lipids. Microarchitecture showed the presence of pores, capillary channels, and lack of sidedness; H&E micrographs confirmed unaltered morphology and absence of cells. Incubation for 1.5 h in trypsin removed 99.5% DNA from delipidized samples. An average of 40% rehydration swelling, an elastic modulus of 324(±141) kPa, and an ultimate tensile strength of 87.4(±23.1) kPa were observed. The matrix exhibited strain hardening behavior similar to small intestinal submucosa. Cells successfully infiltrated and spread in the decellularized scaffold. Removal of lipids significantly reduced incubation in trypsin EDTA. In summary, the acellular matrix shows significant potential as a new template for tissue regeneration. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 3127-3136, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin D Roehm
- School of Chemical Engineering, Oklahoma State University, 420 Engineering North, Stillwater, Oklahoma, 74078
| | - Jessica Hornberger
- School of Chemical Engineering, Oklahoma State University, 420 Engineering North, Stillwater, Oklahoma, 74078
| | - Sundararajan V Madihally
- School of Chemical Engineering, Oklahoma State University, 420 Engineering North, Stillwater, Oklahoma, 74078.
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Banyard DA, Borad V, Amezcua E, Wirth GA, Evans GRD, Widgerow AD. Preparation, Characterization, and Clinical Implications of Human Decellularized Adipose Tissue Extracellular Matrix (hDAM): A Comprehensive Review. Aesthet Surg J 2016; 36:349-57. [PMID: 26333991 DOI: 10.1093/asj/sjv170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fat grafting is commonly employed by plastic and reconstructive surgeons to address contour abnormalities and soft-tissue defects; however, because retention rates and thus volume filling effects are unpredictable, there is a search for new and innovative approaches. Initial studies on the use of human decellularized adipose tissue extracellular matrix (hDAM) show promise for its use not only in tissue engineering, but also in fat grafting. In this review, we examine and analyze the literature for the preparation, characterization, and use of hDAM and its derivatives in tissue engineering and plastic surgery applications. All studies reviewed involve physical, chemical, and/or biological treatment stages for the preparation of hDAM; however a distinction should be made between detergent and nondetergent-based processing, the latter of which appears to preserve the native integrity of the hDAM while most-efficiently achieving complete decellularization. Methods of hDAM characterization vary among groups and included simple and immunohistochemical staining, biochemical assays, 3-dimensional (3D) imaging, and mechano-stress testing, all of which are necessary to achieve a comprehensive description of this novel tissue. Finally, we examine the various preclinical models utilized to optimize hDAM performance, which primarily include the addition of adipose-derived stem cells or cross-linking agents. Overall, hDAM appears to be a promising adjunct in fat-grafting applications or even possibly as a stand-alone soft-tissue filler with off-the-shelf potential for commercial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek A Banyard
- Dr Banyard is a Post-Doctoral Research Fellow and California Institute for Regenerative Medicine (CIRM) Clinical Fellow, Mr. Amezcua is an Undergraduate Student Research Assistant, and Dr Widgerow is Director and Clinical Professor, The Center for Tissue Engineering, Department of Plastic Surgery, University of California, Irvine. Dr Borad is a Plastic Surgery Resident, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota. Dr Wirth is a Professor and Dr Evans is Chairman and a Professor, Department of Plastic Surgery, University of California, Irvine
| | - Vedant Borad
- Dr Banyard is a Post-Doctoral Research Fellow and California Institute for Regenerative Medicine (CIRM) Clinical Fellow, Mr. Amezcua is an Undergraduate Student Research Assistant, and Dr Widgerow is Director and Clinical Professor, The Center for Tissue Engineering, Department of Plastic Surgery, University of California, Irvine. Dr Borad is a Plastic Surgery Resident, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota. Dr Wirth is a Professor and Dr Evans is Chairman and a Professor, Department of Plastic Surgery, University of California, Irvine
| | - Eduardo Amezcua
- Dr Banyard is a Post-Doctoral Research Fellow and California Institute for Regenerative Medicine (CIRM) Clinical Fellow, Mr. Amezcua is an Undergraduate Student Research Assistant, and Dr Widgerow is Director and Clinical Professor, The Center for Tissue Engineering, Department of Plastic Surgery, University of California, Irvine. Dr Borad is a Plastic Surgery Resident, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota. Dr Wirth is a Professor and Dr Evans is Chairman and a Professor, Department of Plastic Surgery, University of California, Irvine
| | - Garrett A Wirth
- Dr Banyard is a Post-Doctoral Research Fellow and California Institute for Regenerative Medicine (CIRM) Clinical Fellow, Mr. Amezcua is an Undergraduate Student Research Assistant, and Dr Widgerow is Director and Clinical Professor, The Center for Tissue Engineering, Department of Plastic Surgery, University of California, Irvine. Dr Borad is a Plastic Surgery Resident, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota. Dr Wirth is a Professor and Dr Evans is Chairman and a Professor, Department of Plastic Surgery, University of California, Irvine
| | - Gregory R D Evans
- Dr Banyard is a Post-Doctoral Research Fellow and California Institute for Regenerative Medicine (CIRM) Clinical Fellow, Mr. Amezcua is an Undergraduate Student Research Assistant, and Dr Widgerow is Director and Clinical Professor, The Center for Tissue Engineering, Department of Plastic Surgery, University of California, Irvine. Dr Borad is a Plastic Surgery Resident, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota. Dr Wirth is a Professor and Dr Evans is Chairman and a Professor, Department of Plastic Surgery, University of California, Irvine
| | - Alan D Widgerow
- Dr Banyard is a Post-Doctoral Research Fellow and California Institute for Regenerative Medicine (CIRM) Clinical Fellow, Mr. Amezcua is an Undergraduate Student Research Assistant, and Dr Widgerow is Director and Clinical Professor, The Center for Tissue Engineering, Department of Plastic Surgery, University of California, Irvine. Dr Borad is a Plastic Surgery Resident, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota. Dr Wirth is a Professor and Dr Evans is Chairman and a Professor, Department of Plastic Surgery, University of California, Irvine
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Development of Synthetic and Natural Materials for Tissue Engineering Applications Using Adipose Stem Cells. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:5786257. [PMID: 26977158 PMCID: PMC4764745 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5786257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Revised: 01/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose stem cells have prominent implications in tissue regeneration due to their abundance and relative ease of harvest from adipose tissue and their abilities to differentiate into mature cells of various tissue lineages and secrete various growth cytokines. Development of tissue engineering techniques in combination with various carrier scaffolds and adipose stem cells offers great potential in overcoming the existing limitations constraining classical approaches used in plastic and reconstructive surgery. However, as most tissue engineering techniques are new and highly experimental, there are still many practical challenges that must be overcome before laboratory research can lead to large-scale clinical applications. Tissue engineering is currently a growing field of medical research; in this review, we will discuss the progress in research on biomaterials and scaffolds for tissue engineering applications using adipose stem cells.
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Feng J, Doi K, Kuno S, Mineda K, Kato H, Kinoshita K, Kanayama K, Mashiko T, Yoshimura K. Micronized cellular adipose matrix as a therapeutic injectable for diabetic ulcer. Regen Med 2015; 10:699-708. [DOI: 10.2217/rme.15.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Despite the clinical potential of adipose-derived stem/stromal cells (ASCs), there are some clinical difficulties due to the regulation of cell therapies. Materials & methods: Micronized cellular adipose matrix (MCAM) injectable was prepared through selective extraction of connective tissue fractions in fat tissue only through mechanical minimal manipulation procedures. Results: It retained some capillaries and ASCs, but most adipocytes were removed. The presence of viable ASCs, vascular endothelial cells was confirmed and ASCs of MCAM kept intact mesenchymal differentiation capacity. In diabetic mice, skin wounds treated with MCAM showed significantly accelerated healing compared with phosphate-buffered saline-treated ones. Conclusion: The proven potential of MCAM to accelerate healing in ischemic diabetic ulcers may offer a simple, safe and minimally invasive means for tissue repair and revitalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Feng
- Departments of Plastic Surgery, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Kentaro Doi
- Departments of Plastic Surgery, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Kuno
- Departments of Plastic Surgery, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Kazuhide Mineda
- Departments of Plastic Surgery, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Harunosuke Kato
- Departments of Plastic Surgery, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Kahori Kinoshita
- Departments of Plastic Surgery, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Koji Kanayama
- Departments of Plastic Surgery, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Takanobu Mashiko
- Departments of Plastic Surgery, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Kotaro Yoshimura
- Departments of Plastic Surgery, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
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