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Papadopoulos S, Colpaert SDM, Vidovic G, Moysiadis T, Athanasiadis AP, Tio J, Abdallah A. Correction of the Tuberous Breast with Fat Grafting and Implant: Techniques, Evaluation with BREAST-Q, and Preliminary Results. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2024:10.1007/s00266-024-04032-y. [PMID: 38760537 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-024-04032-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The correction of tuberous breast deformity with fat grafting has gained popularity in recent years, but it remains unclear whether this new technique can produce patient satisfaction levels comparable to those achieved with implant-based correction. METHODS This study aimed to compare patients' satisfaction and quality of life using the BREAST-Q questionnaire after correction of tuberous breast deformity with fat grafting and implants. Twenty-four patients (36 breasts) were included in our study. Thirteen patients (15 breasts) had a correction with lipofilling (mean 2.67 interventions) and 11 patients (21 breasts) had an implant-based correction (mean 1 intervention). RESULTS Both fat and implant treatments showed statistically significant improvements in breast satisfaction (p value=0.001, 0.002, respectively), psychosocial (p value=0.003, 0.003, respectively), and sexual satisfaction (p value=0.008, 0.002, respectively) between the pre-treatment and post-treatment stages. However, the only statistically significant differences between the treatments were observed in the physical condition pre-treatment (p value=0.008) and sexual condition post-treatment (p value=0.030). The outcome of both treatments was not statistically different. Furthermore, the outcome exhibited a statistically significant positive linear relationship with breast satisfaction for both treatments. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that lipofilling can achieve breast and outcome satisfaction comparable to that of implants, although this parity in results comes at the cost of more interventions. These preliminary results lend support to the notion that, as surgeons have access to two equally effective techniques, it is crucial to provide appropriate guidance to patients to ensure their satisfaction. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarantos Papadopoulos
- Department of Senology, Evangelische Kliniken Gelsenkirchen, Munckelstrasse 27, 45879, Gelsenkirchen, Germany.
| | | | - Goran Vidovic
- Department of Senology, Evangelische Kliniken Gelsenkirchen, Gelsenkirchen, Germany
| | - Theodoros Moysiadis
- Department of Computer Science, School of Sciences and Engineering, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Apostolos P Athanasiadis
- 3rd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, Aristotle University Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Joke Tio
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Breast Center, Muenster University, Muenster, Germany
| | - Abdallah Abdallah
- Department of Senology, Evangelische Kliniken Gelsenkirchen, Gelsenkirchen, Germany
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Early Transcriptional Changes of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells (ADSCs) in Cell Culture. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2022; 58:medicina58091249. [PMID: 36143926 PMCID: PMC9501538 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58091249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: While autologous fat grafting has been carried out in the clinical field for many years, the utilization of isolated and cultured adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) is highly restricted in many countries. However, ADSCs are under investigation currently and heavily researched in many cell-based therapy approaches in the field of regenerative medicine. Objective: For the utilization of future cell-based therapies with ADSCs, in vitro cell expansion might be necessary in many cases. Thus, the cellular characteristics of ADSCs may be altered though the process of being cultured. The aim of this study was to assess changes in the gene expression profile of ADSCs after cell expansion for 48 h. Materials and Methods: Isolated ADSCs from five different donors were used for in vitro expansion. For the evaluation of the gene expression profile, mRNA deep Next-Generation Sequencing was performed to evaluate the differences between cultured and freshly isolated cells. Results: Our study gives insight into transcriptional changes in ADSCs after a short cell cultivation period. This includes the most prominent upregulated genes such as PPL, PRR15, CCL11 and ABCA9, as well the most downregulated genes, which are FOSB, FOS, EGR1 and DUSP6. Furthermore, we showed different biological processes that changed during short-term cell expansion, which led to downregulation of fat-associated metabolism hormone processes and to an upregulation of extracellular matrix-associated genes. Conclusion: In conclusion, our study reveals a detailed insight into early changes in the gene expression profile of cultured ADSCs. Our results can be utilized in future experiments.
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Heller L, Menashe S, Plonski L, Ofek A, Pozner JN. 1470-nm Radial fiber-assisted liposuction for body contouring and facial fat grafting. J Cosmet Dermatol 2022; 21:1514-1522. [PMID: 35106886 PMCID: PMC9303361 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.14767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Background Laser‐assisted liposuction using 1470‐nm radial fiber emits light energy preferentially absorbed by water, yielding a rapid and localized contouring and tightening effect, with minimal scarring. When collected under appropriate conditions, extracted fat samples can be exploited as autologous filling material in liposculpturing procedures. Objectives To assess the 6‐month contouring efficacy of 1470 radial fiber‐assisted liposuction and the volumetric enhancement effect of the harvested tissue in facial fat grafting. Methods Twenty subjects underwent liposuction (BeautiFill, Alma Lasers, Inc.) of lower abdominal or outer thigh fat. In seven subjects, harvested samples were grafted into facial regions. Treatment safety, body weight, blinded evaluator‐assessed aesthetic improvements, and subject‐rated satisfaction were monitored for 6 months. Abdominal and facial fat thickness were assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (n = 5) within 3 months of treatment. Results One‐month posttreatment, most subjects ranked improvements good/excellent (88%) and skin tightening satisfactory/very satisfactory (92%), with >70% of subjects providing similar scores 6‐month posttreatment. Blinded evaluators noted improved/very much improved aesthetic appearance (87%). Harvested tissue injected as a facial filler (21.0 ± 5.2 ml) led to a 0.63 ± 0.12 mm increase in facial fat thickness, observed by MRI, within 3 months. Six months postfilling, the majority of subjects (83%) were satisfied with the outcome. All procedures were well‐tolerated. Conclusions A single 1470 nm radial fiber‐assisted abdominal and thigh liposuction session provided for effective and durable reduction of adipose tissue deposits, with appreciable skin tightening and aesthetic improvements. The gentle harvesting method yielded viable filler material, which was well‐retained in facial regions for up to 6 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lior Heller
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Shamir Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel
| | - Shaked Menashe
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Shamir Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel
| | - Lori Plonski
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Shamir Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel
| | - Andre Ofek
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Shamir Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel
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Hsiao HY, Lai CY, Liu JW, Yu YY, Chang FCS, Huang JJ. Fate of Fat Grafting In Vivo and In Vitro: Does the Suction-Assisted Lipectomy Device Matter? Aesthet Surg J 2021; 41:NP1323-NP1336. [PMID: 34043750 DOI: 10.1093/asj/sjab231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, there has been increasing research interest in identifying the effect of liposuction procedures on fat graft survival in order to clarify whether different harvest techniques affect the quality of fat grafts. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 2 liposuction methods on the survival and regeneration potential of grafted fat tissue. The proliferation and differentiation potentials of adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) isolated by both methods was also investigated. METHODS Fat grafts were collected from patients who underwent liposuction procedures by 2 different methods: traditional suction-assisted liposuction (TSAL) and vibration amplification of sound energy at resonance (VASER). One portion of the lipoaspirates was implanted into the subcutaneous layer of nu mice for 4 and 12 weeks. ASCs were isolated from the other portion of the lipoaspirate and subjected to proliferation and differentiation assays. RESULTS Although in vivo fat grafting presented similar adipose tissue survival for the 2 different liposuction methods, more angiogenesis and less fibrosis was observed in the VASER group based on histologic evaluation. Furthermore, VASER-derived ASCs presented better quality in terms of cell differentiation capacity. CONCLUSIONS The in vivo study confirmed better graft angiogenesis with less inflammation, apoptosis, and scar formation in the VASER group. ASCs harvested with VASER exhibited increased differentiation capacity compared with those obtained by TSAL, and represent an excellent source for fat grafting and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Yi Hsiao
- Center for Tissue Engineering, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | | | - Jia-Wei Liu
- Center for Tissue Engineering, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Yuan Yu
- Center for Tissue Engineering, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Frank Chun-Shin Chang
- Division of Craniofacial Surgery, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Ju Huang
- Division of Reconstructive Microsurgery, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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Qu Y, Luan J, Mu D, Wang Q, Li Z, Liu T, Fu S. Does Water-Jet Force Affect Cryopreserved Adipose-Derived Stem Cells? Evidence of Improved Cell Viability and Fat Graft Survival. Ann Plast Surg 2021; 87:199-205. [PMID: 33196537 DOI: 10.1097/sap.0000000000002584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adipose tissue harvested by liposuctions is an available source of adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs). Water-jet-assisted liposuction is a favorable method for fat collection with little mechanical damage. This study aimed to investigate whether or not the water-jet-assisted liposuction made a difference in the biological characteristics of cryopreserved ASCs and fat graft survival in cell-assisted lipotransfer. METHODS Human lipoaspirates were obtained from the abdomen or thighs of 20 female participants for body contouring. A single surgeon randomly harvested 50 mL of adipose tissue by the water-jet-assisted liposuction and the conventional liposuction, respectively. Adipose-derived stem cells were isolated from lipoaspirates and then cryopreserved for 4 weeks. Cryopreserved ASCs were used to examine the surface markers, cell proliferation, migration, and adipogenic differentiation in vitro. The fat survival of ASCs-enriched grafts from different liposuctions was measured in animal models. RESULTS The cryopreserved ASCs with the water-jet assistance had better capacities of cell proliferation, migration, and adipogenic differentiation and achieved a better survival result of ASCs-enriched fat grafting. CONCLUSIONS Cryopreservation of ASCs with the water-jet force showed more excellent biological characteristics. The water-jet-assisted liposuction was superior to the conventional liposuction in obtaining ASCs and fat survival of coimplantation with grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Qu
- From the Breast Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Center, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College
| | - Jie Luan
- From the Breast Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Center, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College
| | - Dali Mu
- From the Breast Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Center, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College
| | - Qian Wang
- Research Center, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zifei Li
- From the Breast Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Center, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College
| | - Tong Liu
- From the Breast Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Center, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College
| | - Su Fu
- From the Breast Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Center, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College
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Lauvrud AT, Gümüscü R, Wiberg R, Brohlin M, Kelk P, Wiberg M, Kingham PJ. Water jet-assisted lipoaspiration and Sepax cell separation system for the isolation of adipose stem cells with high adipogenic potential. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2021; 74:2759-2767. [PMID: 33994109 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2021.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Water jet-assisted liposuction has gained popularity due to favourable fat grafting outcomes. In this study, we compared stem cells obtained from fat isolated with manual or the water jet-assisted procedure. METHODS Liposuction of abdominal fat was performed using the two methods on each donor (n = 10). Aspirate samples were collagenase digested and the isolated cells seeded in vitro prior to proliferation, adipogenic differentiation and angiogenic activity analyses. RESULTS Cells from either procedure proliferated at similar rates and exhibited a similar colony-forming ability. The cells expressed stem cell markers CD73, CD90 and CD105. In the water jet cell preparations, there were higher numbers of cells expressing CD146. Robust adipogenic differentiation was observed in cultures expanded from both manual and water jet lipoaspirates. Gene analysis showed higher expression of the adipocyte markers aP2 and GLUT4 in the adipocyte-differentiated water jet cell preparations, and ELISA indicated increased secretion of adiponectin from these cells. Both cell groups expressed vasculogenic factors and the water jet cells promoted the highest levels of in vitro angiogenesis. Given these positive results, we further characterised the water jet cells when prepared using an automated closed cell processing unit, the Sepax-2 system (Cytiva). The growth and stem cell properties of the Sepax-processed cells were similar to the standard centrifugation protocol, but there was evidence for greater adipogenic differentiation in the Sepax-processed cells. CONCLUSIONS Water jet lipoaspirates yield cells with high adipogenic potential and angiogenic activity, which may be beneficial for use in cell-assisted lipotransfers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Therese Lauvrud
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Sweden; Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå 907 37, Sweden.
| | - Rojda Gümüscü
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå 907 37, Sweden
| | - Rebecca Wiberg
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Sweden; Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå 907 37, Sweden
| | - Maria Brohlin
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Infection and Immunity, Umeå University, Sweden
| | - Peyman Kelk
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Sweden
| | - Mikael Wiberg
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Sweden; Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå 907 37, Sweden
| | - Paul J Kingham
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Sweden
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Sabbatini M, Faruggio S, Verna G, Magnelli V, Dondero F, Boldorini R, Cannas M, Grossini E. Processing Adipose Tissue to Make it More Stable When Used for Refilling: A Morphologic and Immunohistochemistry Evaluation. INQUIRY : A JOURNAL OF MEDICAL CARE ORGANIZATION, PROVISION AND FINANCING 2021; 58:469580211061030. [PMID: 34894844 PMCID: PMC8679401 DOI: 10.1177/00469580211061030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Breast reconstruction has gained from lipofilling the possibility to recover the aesthetic outcome of anatomical profile in a more natural appearance. However, until today, the long-term graft survival remains unpredictable, and sometimes it does not guarantee a well-adequate aesthetic result. In the present work, the morphological changes, occurring in fat mass used for refilling, harvested by the Coleman's procedure or through the washing/fragmenting procedure were analysed. Adipocyte size; immunohistochemistry against CD8, CD31, CD68 and M2-type macrophages and catalase enzyme, were analysed in vitro on fat mass cultured for 4 weeks. Our observation reveals an increase of connective tissue around the mass and a high number of immune cells occurrence in fat mass harvested by the Coleman's procedure. Instead, the washing/fragmented procedure would reduce the number of immune cells within the fat mass, increase the size of adipocytes, and cause a wider presence of active vessels profile and greater catalase expression. We hypothesize that the fat mass processed by the Coleman's procedure would remain more reactive due to a higher number of immune and macrophages cells, prone to develop cystic formation, leading to a suboptimal integration in the recipient site. On the other hand, the conditions more prone to realize an optimal integration would occur in the fat mass processed by the washing/fragmenting procedure: a reduced number of immune cells, low amount of connective tissue, presence of larger adipocytes. Follow-up monitoring did support our conclusion, as we observed a reduction of re-intervention for refilling procedure in patients treated with the washing/fragmenting procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Sabbatini
- Department of Science and
Technology Innovation, UPO University, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Serena Faruggio
- Department of Translational
Medicine, UPO University, Novara, Italy
| | - Giovanni Verna
- Department of Plastic and
Reconstructive Surgery, Hospital “Maggiore Della
Carità,” Novara, Italy
| | - Valeria Magnelli
- Department of Science and
Technology Innovation, UPO University, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Francesco Dondero
- Department of Science and
Technology Innovation, UPO University, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Renzo Boldorini
- Department of Health Science,
Section of Pathological Anatomy, UPO University, Novara, Italy
| | - Mario Cannas
- Department of Health Sciences, UPO University, Novara, Italy
| | - Elena Grossini
- Department of Translational
Medicine, UPO University, Novara, Italy
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Kuhlmann C, Schenck TL, Haas EM, Giunta R, Wiggenhauser PS. [Current review of factors in the stem cell donor that influence the regenerative potential of adipose tissue-derived stem cells]. HANDCHIR MIKROCHIR P 2020; 52:521-532. [PMID: 33291167 DOI: 10.1055/a-1250-7878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regenerative therapies like cell-assisted lipotransfer or preclinical experimental studies use adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ASCs) as the main therapeutic agent. But there are also factors depending on the clinical donor that influence the cell yield and regenerative potential of human ASCs and stromal vascular fraction (SVF). Therefore, the aim of this review was to identify and evaluate these factors according to current literature. METHODS For this purpose, a systematic literature review was performed with focus on factors affecting the regenerative potential of ASCs and SVF using the National Library of Medicine. RESULTS Currently, there is an abundance of studies regarding clinical donor factors influencing ASCs properties. But there is some contradiction and need for further investigation. Nevertheless, we identified several recurrent factors: age, sex, weight, diabetes, lipoedema, use of antidepressants, anti-hormonal therapy and chemotherapy. CONCLUSION We recommend characterisation of the ASC donor cohort in all publications, regardless of whether they are experimental studies or clinical trials. By these means, donor factors that influence experimental or clinical findings can be made transparent and results are more comparable. Moreover, this knowledge can be used for study design to form a homogenous donor cohort by precise clinical history and physical examination.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Paul Severin Wiggenhauser
- Klinikum der Universität München, Abteilung Handchirurgie, Plastische Chirurgie, Ästhetische Chirurgie
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Taha S, Volkmer E, Haas E, Alberton P, Straub T, David-Rus D, Aszodi A, Giunta R, Saller MM. Differences in the Inflammatory Response of White Adipose Tissue and Adipose-Derived Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21031086. [PMID: 32041245 PMCID: PMC7037886 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21031086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The application of liposuctioned white adipose tissue (L-WAT) and adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) as a novel immunomodulatory treatment option is the currently subject of various clinical trials. Because it is crucial to understand the underlying therapeutic mechanisms, the latest studies focused on the immunomodulatory functions of L-WAT or ADSCs. However, studies that examine the specific transcriptional adaptation of these treatment options to an extrinsic inflammatory stimulus in an unbiased manner are scarce. The aim of this study was to compare the gene expression profile of L-WAT and ADSCs, when subjected to tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), and to identify key factors that might be therapeutically relevant when using L-WAT or ADSCs as an immuno-modulator. Fat tissue was harvested by liposuction from five human donors. ADSCs were isolated from the same donors and shortly subjected to expansion culture. L-WAT and ADSCs were treated with human recombinant TNFα, to trigger a strong inflammatory response. Subsequently, an mRNA deep nextgeneration sequencing was performed to evaluate the different inflammatory responses of L-WAT and ADSCs. We found significant gene expression changes in both experimental groups after TNFα incubation. However, ADSCs showed a more homogenous gene expression profile by predominantly expressing genes involved in immunomodulatory processes such as CCL19, CCL5, TNFSF15 and IL1b when compared to L-WAT, which reacted rather heterogeneously. As RNA sequencing between L-WAT and ADSCS treated with TNFα revealed that L-WAT responded very heterogeneously to TNFα treatment, we therefore conclude that ADSCs are more reliable and predictable when used therapeutically. Our study furthermore yields insight into potential biological processes regarding immune system response, inflammatory response, and cell activation. Our results can help to better understand the different immunomodulatory effects of L-WAT and ADSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Taha
- Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine (ExperiMed), Department of General, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Fraunhoferstraße 20, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany; (S.T.); (E.V.); (E.H.); (P.A.); (A.A.)
- Division of Hand, Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Pettenkoferstraße. 8a, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Elias Volkmer
- Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine (ExperiMed), Department of General, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Fraunhoferstraße 20, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany; (S.T.); (E.V.); (E.H.); (P.A.); (A.A.)
- Department of Hand Surgery, Helios Klinikum München West, Steinerweg 5, 81241 Munich, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Haas
- Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine (ExperiMed), Department of General, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Fraunhoferstraße 20, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany; (S.T.); (E.V.); (E.H.); (P.A.); (A.A.)
- Division of Hand, Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Pettenkoferstraße. 8a, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Paolo Alberton
- Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine (ExperiMed), Department of General, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Fraunhoferstraße 20, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany; (S.T.); (E.V.); (E.H.); (P.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Tobias Straub
- Bioinformatics Unit, Biomedical Center Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Großhaderner Straße 9, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany;
| | - Diana David-Rus
- Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology (IBE), Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany;
| | - Attila Aszodi
- Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine (ExperiMed), Department of General, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Fraunhoferstraße 20, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany; (S.T.); (E.V.); (E.H.); (P.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Riccardo Giunta
- Division of Hand, Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Pettenkoferstraße. 8a, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Maximilian Michael Saller
- Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine (ExperiMed), Department of General, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Fraunhoferstraße 20, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany; (S.T.); (E.V.); (E.H.); (P.A.); (A.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-89-4400-55486
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