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Conti A, Concina D, Opizzi A, Sanguedolce A, Rinaldi C, Russotto S, Grossini E, Gramaglia CM, Zeppegno P, Panella M. Effectiveness of a combined lifestyle intervention for older people in long-term care: A randomized controlled trial. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2024; 120:105340. [PMID: 38295616 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2024.105340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Lifestyle medicine interventions combining physical, nutritional, and psychological components have been found effective in general older population. However, evidence from the long-term care (LTC) is scarce. METHODS We conducted a pragmatic, two-arm, parallel group, superiority randomized controlled trial. Residents living in a LTC facility for one or more years, able to discern and to express informed consent, and requiring nursing care were considered eligible. The three-months intervention combined bi-weekly physical exercise groups, a healthy diet, and weekly psychological wellbeing sessions. Patients of the control group were subjected to routine care. At the end of the study participants were assessed using Barthel Index, Katz Activities of Daily Living, and Tinetti scales. RESULTS A total of 54 patients with a mean age of 84 years took part to the study. Physical exercise and psychological wellbeing sessions were mostly attended by all the subjects of the intervention group. Both groups took less calories than planned in the diets; in addition, the intervention group showed a lower energy and carbohydrates intake than the control group. At the end of the study, the intervention group showed a significant improvement in the total scores of all the scales. CONCLUSIONS This intervention was effective in improving functionality in older people living in the LTC setting. Results were achieved in a short timeframe, likely due to synergistic interactions between components. However, a further exploration of underlying factors is needed, to better understand the barriers that hampered a complete intervention delivery in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Conti
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy; Doctoral Program in Food, Health, and Longevity, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy.
| | - Diego Concina
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy; Doctoral Program in Food, Health, and Longevity, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy; Anteo Impresa Sociale, Biella, Italy
| | - Annalisa Opizzi
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy; Doctoral Program in Food, Health, and Longevity, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy; Anteo Impresa Sociale, Biella, Italy
| | - Agatino Sanguedolce
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Carmela Rinaldi
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy; Education and Research area, Health Professions' Direction, Maggiore Della Carità Hospital, Novara, Italy
| | - Sophia Russotto
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy; Doctoral Program in Sports and Health - Patient Safety line, Universitas Miguel Hernandez, Alicante, Spain; Residency Program of Psychiatry, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Elena Grossini
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Carla Maria Gramaglia
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Patrizia Zeppegno
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Panella
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
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Sabbatini M, Grossini E, Molinari C, Mary DASG, Vacca G, Cannas M. Retraction Note: Gastric distension causes changes in heart rate and arterial blood pressure by affecting the crosstalk between vagal and splanchnic systems in anesthetised rats. Exp Brain Res 2024:10.1007/s00221-024-06803-0. [PMID: 38355965 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-024-06803-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Sabbatini
- Department of Science and Technology Innovation, University of Eastern Piedmont, UPO, T. Michel, 11, Alessandria, 15121, Italia.
| | - Elena Grossini
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, UPO, Novara, Italia
| | - Claudio Molinari
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, UPO, Novara, Italia
| | - David A S G Mary
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, UPO, Novara, Italia
| | - Giovanni Vacca
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, UPO, Novara, Italia
| | - Mario Cannas
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont, UPO, Novara, Italia
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Grossini E, De Zanet D, Apostolo D, Mallela VR, La Rocca G, Greco A, Coratza G, Minisini R, Pirisi M. rs1801253 Gly/Gly carriage in the ADRB1 gene leads to unbalanced cardiac sympathetic modulation as assessed by spectral analysis of heart rate variability. Clin Auton Res 2024; 34:205-208. [PMID: 38032435 DOI: 10.1007/s10286-023-01001-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- E Grossini
- Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli 17, 28100, Novara, Italy.
| | - D De Zanet
- Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli 17, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - D Apostolo
- Internal Medicine Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, "Maggiore Della Carità" Hospital, Novara, Italy
| | - V R Mallela
- Internal Medicine Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, "Maggiore Della Carità" Hospital, Novara, Italy
| | - G La Rocca
- Internal Medicine Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, "Maggiore Della Carità" Hospital, Novara, Italy
| | - A Greco
- Internal Medicine Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, "Maggiore Della Carità" Hospital, Novara, Italy
| | - G Coratza
- Internal Medicine Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, "Maggiore Della Carità" Hospital, Novara, Italy
| | - R Minisini
- Internal Medicine Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, "Maggiore Della Carità" Hospital, Novara, Italy
| | - M Pirisi
- Internal Medicine Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, "Maggiore Della Carità" Hospital, Novara, Italy
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Grossini E, De Marchi F, Venkatesan S, Mele A, Ferrante D, Mazzini L. Effects of Acetyl-L-Carnitine on Oxidative Stress in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Patients: Evaluation on Plasma Markers and Members of the Neurovascular Unit. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1887. [PMID: 37891966 PMCID: PMC10604350 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12101887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress, the alteration of mitochondrial function, and the neurovascular unit (NVU), play a role in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) pathogenesis. We aimed to demonstrate the changes in the plasma redox system and nitric oxide (NO) in 32 new ALS-diagnosed patients in treatment with Acetyl-L-Carnitine (ALCAR) compared to healthy controls. We also evaluated the effects of plasma on human umbilical cord-derived endothelial vascular cells (HUVEC) and astrocytes. The analyses were performed at the baseline (T0), after three months (T1), and after six months (T2). In ALS patients at T0/T1, the plasma markers of lipid peroxidation, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and 4-hydroxy nonenal (4-HNE) were higher, whereas the antioxidants, glutathione (GSH) and the glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity were lower than in healthy controls. At T2, plasma TBARS and 4-HNE decreased, whereas plasma GSH and the GPx activity increased in ALS patients. As regards NO, the plasma levels were firmly lower at T0-T2 than those of healthy controls. Cell viability, and mitochondrial membrane potential in HUVEC/astrocytes treated with the plasma of ALS patients at T0-T2 were reduced, while the oxidant release increased. Those results, which confirmed the fundamental role of oxidative stress, mitochondrial function, and of the NVU in ALS pathogenesis, can have a double meaning, acting as disease markers at baseline and potential markers of drug effects in clinical practice and during clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Grossini
- Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (E.G.); (S.V.)
| | - Fabiola De Marchi
- ALS Center, Neurology Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (F.D.M.); (A.M.)
| | - Sakthipriyan Venkatesan
- Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (E.G.); (S.V.)
| | - Angelica Mele
- ALS Center, Neurology Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (F.D.M.); (A.M.)
| | - Daniela Ferrante
- Statistic Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy;
| | - Letizia Mazzini
- ALS Center, Neurology Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (F.D.M.); (A.M.)
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Grossini E, Esposito T, Viretto M, Venkatesan S, Licari I, Surico D, Della Corte F, Castello L, Bruno S, Quaglia M, Comi C, Cantaluppi V, Vaschetto R. Circulating Extracellular Vesicles in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Patients: Characterization and Cellular Effects. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14913. [PMID: 37834361 PMCID: PMC10573706 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs) may play a pathophysiological role in the onset of complications of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), potentially contributing to the development of vasospasm (VP). In this study, we aimed to characterize circulating EVs in SAH patients and examine their effects on endothelial and smooth muscle cells (SMCs). In a total of 18 SAH patients, 10 with VP (VP), 8 without VP (NVP), and 5 healthy controls (HC), clinical variables were recorded at different time points. EVs isolated from plasma samples were characterized and used to stimulate human vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs) and SMCs. We found that EVs from SAH patients expressed markers of T-lymphocytes and platelets and had a larger size and a higher concentration compared to those from HC. Moreover, EVs from VP patients reduced cell viability and mitochondrial membrane potential in HUVECs and increased oxidants and nitric oxide (NO) release. Furthermore, EVs from SAH patients increased intracellular calcium levels in SMCs. Altogether, our findings reveal an altered pattern of circulating EVs in SAH patients, suggesting their pathogenic role in promoting endothelial damage and enhancing smooth muscle reactivity. These results have significant implications for the use of EVs as potential diagnostic/prognostic markers and therapeutic tools in SAH management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Grossini
- Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy;
| | - Teresa Esposito
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (T.E.); (M.V.); (I.L.); (F.D.C.); (R.V.)
- Maggiore della Carità Hospital, 28100 Novara, Italy; (D.S.); (V.C.)
| | - Michela Viretto
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (T.E.); (M.V.); (I.L.); (F.D.C.); (R.V.)
- Maggiore della Carità Hospital, 28100 Novara, Italy; (D.S.); (V.C.)
| | - Sakthipriyan Venkatesan
- Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy;
| | - Ilaria Licari
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (T.E.); (M.V.); (I.L.); (F.D.C.); (R.V.)
- Maggiore della Carità Hospital, 28100 Novara, Italy; (D.S.); (V.C.)
| | - Daniela Surico
- Maggiore della Carità Hospital, 28100 Novara, Italy; (D.S.); (V.C.)
- Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Francesco Della Corte
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (T.E.); (M.V.); (I.L.); (F.D.C.); (R.V.)
- Maggiore della Carità Hospital, 28100 Novara, Italy; (D.S.); (V.C.)
| | - Luigi Castello
- Internal Medicine, Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy;
- Azienda Ospedaliera SS. Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, 15121 Alessandria, Italy;
| | - Stefania Bruno
- Laboratory of Translational Research, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy;
| | - Marco Quaglia
- Azienda Ospedaliera SS. Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, 15121 Alessandria, Italy;
- Nephrology, Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Cristoforo Comi
- Neurology Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy;
- Sant’Andrea Hospital, 00189 Vercelli, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Cantaluppi
- Maggiore della Carità Hospital, 28100 Novara, Italy; (D.S.); (V.C.)
- Nephrology, Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Rosanna Vaschetto
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (T.E.); (M.V.); (I.L.); (F.D.C.); (R.V.)
- Maggiore della Carità Hospital, 28100 Novara, Italy; (D.S.); (V.C.)
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Grossini E, Smirne C, Venkatesan S, Tonello S, D'Onghia D, Minisini R, Cantaluppi V, Sainaghi PP, Comi C, Tanzi A, Bussolati B, Pirisi M. Plasma Pattern of Extracellular Vesicles Isolated from Hepatitis C Virus Patients and Their Effects on Human Vascular Endothelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10197. [PMID: 37373343 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) patients are at increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). In this study, we aimed to evaluate the role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) as pathogenic factors for the onset of HCV-related endothelial dysfunction. Sixty-five patients with various stages of HCV-related chronic liver disease were enrolled in this case series. Plasma EVs were characterized and used to stimulate human vascular endothelial cells (HUVEC), which were examined for cell viability, mitochondrial membrane potential, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) release. The results showed that EVs from HCV patients were mainly of endothelial and lymphocyte origin. Moreover, EVs were able to reduce cell viability and mitochondrial membrane potential of HUVEC, while increasing ROS release. Those harmful effects were reduced by the pretreatment of HUVEC with the NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3)/AMP-activated protein kinase and protein kinase B blockers. In conclusion, in HCV patients, we could highlight a circulating pattern of EVs capable of inducing damage to the endothelium. These data represent a novel possible pathogenic mechanism underlying the reported increase of CVD occurrence in HCV infection and could be of clinical relevance also in relation to the widespread use of antiviral drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Grossini
- Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Carlo Smirne
- Internal Medicine Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
- Maggiore della Carità Hospital, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Sakthipriyan Venkatesan
- Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Stelvio Tonello
- Internal Medicine Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
- Maggiore della Carità Hospital, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Davide D'Onghia
- Internal Medicine Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
- Maggiore della Carità Hospital, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Rosalba Minisini
- Internal Medicine Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
- Maggiore della Carità Hospital, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Cantaluppi
- Nephrology Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Pier Paolo Sainaghi
- Internal Medicine Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
- CAAD-Center for Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases, and IRCAD-Interdisciplinary Research Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Cristoforo Comi
- Neurology Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
- Sant'Andrea Hospital, 13100 Vercelli, Italy
| | - Adele Tanzi
- Molecular Biotechnology Center "Guido Tarone", Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10124 Turin, Italy
| | - Benedetta Bussolati
- Molecular Biotechnology Center "Guido Tarone", Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10124 Turin, Italy
| | - Mario Pirisi
- Internal Medicine Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
- Maggiore della Carità Hospital, 28100 Novara, Italy
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Marchi FD, Venkatesan S, Saraceno M, Mazzini L, Grossini E. Acetyl-L-carnitine and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: current evidence and potential use. CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets 2023:CNSNDDT-EPUB-130489. [PMID: 36998125 DOI: 10.2174/1871527322666230330083757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The management of neurodegenerative diseases can be frustrating for clinicians, given the limited progress of conventional medicine in this context. AIM For this reason, a more comprehensive, integrative approach is urgently needed. Among various emerging focuses for intervention, the modulation of central nervous system energetics, oxidative stress, and inflammation is becoming more and more promising. METHOD In particular, electrons leakage involved in the mitochondrial energetics can generate reactive oxygen-free radical-related mitochondrial dysfunction that would contribute to the etiopathology of many disorders, such as Alzheimer's and other dementias, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, stroke, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). RESULTS In this context, using agents, like acetyl L-carnitine (ALCAR), provides mitochondrial support, reduces oxidative stress, and improves synaptic transmission. CONCLUSION This narrative review aims to update the existing literature on ALCAR molecular profile, tolerability, and translational clinical potential use in neurodegeneration, focusing on ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiola De Marchi
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | | | - Massimo Saraceno
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Letizia Mazzini
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Elena Grossini
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
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Grossini E, Venkatesan S, Alkabes M, Toma C, de Cillà S. Membrane Blue Dual Protects Retinal Pigment Epithelium Cells/Ganglion Cells-Like through Modulation of Mitochondria Function. Biomedicines 2022; 10:2854. [PMID: 36359372 PMCID: PMC9687626 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10112854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Although recent data highlight the greater protective effects exerted by Membrane Blue Dual (MBD), a precise analysis of the mechanisms of action is missing. We examined the effects of MBD with/without polyethylene glycol (PEG) on both human retinal pigment epithelial cells (ARPE-19) and retinal ganglion cells-like (RGC-5) cultured in the presence/absence of ultraviolet B (UVB) treatment on mitochondria function, oxidants, and apoptosis. In ARPE-19/RGC-5 cells either treated or not with UVB, the effects of MBD with/without PEG were evaluated by specific assays for viability, mitochondrial membrane potential and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mitoROS) release. Annexin V was used to detect apoptosis, whereas trypan blue and the scratch assay were used for proliferation/migration. In both physiologic conditions and in the presence of UVB, MBD with/without PEG increased cell viability, mitochondrial membrane potential, proliferation and migration in both ARPE-19 and RGC-5 cells. In general, the effects of MBD with PEG were greater than those caused by MBD without PEG. Our results suggest that, in particular, MBD with PEG is a safe and effective dye for vitreoretinal surgery through the modulation of mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Grossini
- Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Translational Medicine, University Eastern Piedmont, 28100 Novara, Italy
- AGING Project Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, University Eastern Piedmont, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Sakthipriyan Venkatesan
- Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Translational Medicine, University Eastern Piedmont, 28100 Novara, Italy
- AGING Project Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, University Eastern Piedmont, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Micol Alkabes
- Eye Clinic, University Hospital Maggiore della Carità, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Caterina Toma
- Eye Clinic, University Hospital Maggiore della Carità, 28100 Novara, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences, University East Piedmont “A. Avogadro”, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Stefano de Cillà
- Eye Clinic, University Hospital Maggiore della Carità, 28100 Novara, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences, University East Piedmont “A. Avogadro”, 28100 Novara, Italy
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Grossini E, Stecco A, Gramaglia C, De Zanet D, Cantello R, Gori B, Negroni D, Azzolina D, Ferrante D, Feggi A, Carriero A, Zeppegno P. Misophonia: Analysis of the neuroanatomic patterns at the basis of psychiatric symptoms and changes of the orthosympathetic/ parasympathetic balance. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:827998. [PMID: 36033627 PMCID: PMC9406292 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.827998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aim Misophonia is a disorder characterized by reduced tolerance to specific sounds or stimuli known as “triggers,” which tend to evoke negative emotional, physiological, and behavioral responses. In this study, we aimed to better characterize participants with misophonia through the evaluation of the response of the autonomic nervous system to “trigger sounds,” a psychometric assessment, and the analysis of the neurological pathways. Materials and methods Participants included 11 adults presenting with misophonic disturbance and 44 sex-matched healthy controls (HCs). Following recently proposed diagnostic criteria, the participants listened to six “trigger sounds” and a “general annoyance” sound (baby crying) during a series of physiological tests. The effects were examined through functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), the analysis of heart rate variability (HRV), and of galvanic skin conductance (GSC). The fMRI was performed on a 3T Scanner. The HRV was obtained through the analysis of electrocardiogram, whereas the GSC was examined through the positioning of silver-chloride electrodes on fingers. Furthermore, the psychometric assessment included questionnaires focused on misophonia, psychopathology, resilience, anger, and motivation. Results Participants with misophonia showed patterns of increased sympathetic activation in response to trigger sounds and a general annoyance sound, the low frequency (LF) component of HRV, the sympathetic index, and the number of significant GSC over the threshold, where the amplitude/phasic response of GSC was higher. The fMRI analysis provided evidence for the activation of the temporal cortex, the limbic area, the ventromedial prefrontal/premotor/cingulate cortex, and the cerebellum in participants with misophonia. In addition, the psychometric assessment seemed to differentiate misophonia as a construct independent from general psychopathology. Conclusion These results suggest the activation of a specific auditory-insula-limbic pathway at the basis of the sympathetic activation observed in participants with misophonia in response to “trigger and general annoyance sounds.” Further studies should disentangle the complex issue of whether misophonia represents a new clinical disorder or a non-pathological condition. These results could help to build diagnostic tests to recognize and better classify this disorder. The relevance of this question goes beyond purely theoretical issues, as in the first case, participants with misophonia should receive a diagnosis and a targeted treatment, while in the second case, they should not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Grossini
- Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
- *Correspondence: Elena Grossini,
| | - Alessandro Stecco
- Radiology Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Carla Gramaglia
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Daniel De Zanet
- Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Roberto Cantello
- Neurology Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Benedetta Gori
- Neurology Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Davide Negroni
- Radiology Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Danila Azzolina
- Statistic Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Daniela Ferrante
- Statistic Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Alessandro Feggi
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Alessandro Carriero
- Radiology Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Patrizia Zeppegno
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
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10
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Levijoki J, Pollesello P, Grossini E, Papp Z. The Adenylate Cyclase Activator Forskolin Potentiates the Positive Inotropic Effect of the Phosphodiesterase Inhibitor Milrinone But Not of the Calcium Sensitizer Levosimendan nor of Its Hemodynamically Active Metabolites: An Apparent Conundrum. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2022; 79:827-832. [PMID: 35170487 PMCID: PMC9162272 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT OR-1855 and OR-1896 are 2 hemodynamically active metabolites of the inodilator levosimendan, with calcium sensitizing activity, but their mechanism of action is still not fully understood. It has been previously reported that the positive inotropic effect of levosimendan is not potentiated by the adenylate cyclase activator forskolin, whereas forskolin does potentiate the effects of the phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor milrinone. To ascertain whether the active metabolites follow the same pattern of levosimendan, the positive inotropic effects of OR- 1855 and OR-1896 were studied in guinea-pig-isolated papillary muscle in the presence and absence of forskolin. OR-1855 and OR-1896 were also tested as inhibitors of PDE-III and PDE-IV. Our results show that 0.1 µM forskolin did not potentiate the positive inotropic effect of OR-1855 or OR-1896, as in the case of the parent compound levosimendan. As in previous studies, the positive inotropic effect of milrinone was markedly potentiated in the presence of forskolin. From these data, we propose an explanation for the divergent behavior of the calcium sensitizing drugs and PDE inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elena Grossini
- Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Translational Medicine, University East Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Zoltán Papp
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary; and
- HAS-UD Vascular Biology and Myocardial Pathophysiology Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.
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11
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Quaglia M, Merlotti G, Colombatto A, Bruno S, Stasi A, Franzin R, Castellano G, Grossini E, Fanelli V, Cantaluppi V. Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles as Potential Therapeutic Approach for Acute Kidney Injury. Front Immunol 2022; 13:849891. [PMID: 35359949 PMCID: PMC8960117 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.849891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury is a frequent complication of hospitalized patients and significantly increases morbidity and mortality, worsening costs and length of hospital stay. Despite this impact on healthcare system, treatment still remains only supportive (dialysis). Stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles are a promising option as they recapitulate stem cells properties, overcoming safety issues related to risks or rejection or aberrant differentiation. A growing body of evidence based on pre-clinical studies suggests that extracellular vesicles may be effective to treat acute kidney injury and to limit fibrosis through direct interference with pathogenic mechanisms of vascular and tubular epithelial cell damage. We herein analyze the state-of-the-art knowledge of therapeutic approaches with stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles for different forms of acute kidney injury (toxic, ischemic or septic) dissecting their cytoprotective, regenerative and immunomodulatory properties. We also analyze the potential impact of extracellular vesicles on the mechanisms of transition from acute kidney injury to chronic kidney disease, with a focus on the pivotal role of the inhibition of complement cascade in this setting. Despite some technical limits, nowadays the development of therapies based on stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles holds promise as a new frontier to limit acute kidney injury onset and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Quaglia
- Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation Unit, "Maggiore della Carità" University Hospital, Department of Translational Medicine, Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Disease (CAAD), University of Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Novara, Italy
| | - Guido Merlotti
- Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation Unit, "Maggiore della Carità" University Hospital, Department of Translational Medicine, Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Disease (CAAD), University of Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Novara, Italy
| | - Andrea Colombatto
- Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation Unit, "Maggiore della Carità" University Hospital, Department of Translational Medicine, Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Disease (CAAD), University of Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Novara, Italy
| | - Stefania Bruno
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Alessandra Stasi
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Rossana Franzin
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Castellano
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Kidney Transplantation Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Grossini
- Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Translational Medicine, Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Disease (CAAD), University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Vito Fanelli
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Cantaluppi
- Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation Unit, "Maggiore della Carità" University Hospital, Department of Translational Medicine, Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Disease (CAAD), University of Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Novara, Italy
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12
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Grossini E, Garhwal D, Venkatesan S, Ferrante D, Mele A, Saraceno M, Scognamiglio A, Mandrioli J, Amedei A, De Marchi F, Mazzini L. The Potential Role of Peripheral Oxidative Stress on the Neurovascular Unit in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Pathogenesis: A Preliminary Report from Human and In Vitro Evaluations. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10030691. [PMID: 35327493 PMCID: PMC8945260 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10030691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress, the alteration of mitochondrial function, and changes in the neurovascular unit (NVU) could play a role in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) pathogenesis. Our aim was to analyze the plasma redox system and nitric oxide (NO) in 25 ALS new-diagnosed patients and five healthy controls and the effects of plasma on the peroxidation/mitochondrial function in human umbilical cord-derived endothelial vascular cells (HUVEC) and astrocytes. In plasma, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), glutathione (GSH), and nitric oxide (NO) were analyzed by using specific assays. In HUVEC/astrocytes, the effects of plasma on the release of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mitoROS) and NO, viability, and mitochondrial membrane potential were investigated. In the plasma of ALS patients, an increase in TBARS and a reduction in GSH and NO were found. In HUVEC/astrocytes treated with a plasma of ALS patients, mitoROS increased, whereas cell viability and mitochondrial membrane potential decreased. Our results show that oxidative stress and NVU play a central role in ALS and suggest that unknown plasma factors could be involved in the disease pathogenesis. Quantifiable changes in ALS plasma related to redox state alterations can possibly be used for early diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Grossini
- Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Translational Medicine, University East Piedmont, 28100 Novara, Italy; (E.G.); (D.G.); (S.V.)
| | - Divya Garhwal
- Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Translational Medicine, University East Piedmont, 28100 Novara, Italy; (E.G.); (D.G.); (S.V.)
| | - Sakthipriyan Venkatesan
- Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Translational Medicine, University East Piedmont, 28100 Novara, Italy; (E.G.); (D.G.); (S.V.)
| | - Daniela Ferrante
- Statistic Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, University East Piedmont, 28100 Novara, Italy;
| | - Angelica Mele
- ALS Center, Neurology Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, University East Piedmont, 28100 Novara, Italy; (A.M.); (M.S.); (A.S.); (F.D.M.)
| | - Massimo Saraceno
- ALS Center, Neurology Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, University East Piedmont, 28100 Novara, Italy; (A.M.); (M.S.); (A.S.); (F.D.M.)
| | - Ada Scognamiglio
- ALS Center, Neurology Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, University East Piedmont, 28100 Novara, Italy; (A.M.); (M.S.); (A.S.); (F.D.M.)
| | - Jessica Mandrioli
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy;
- Neurology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Modena, 41126 Modena, Italy
| | - Amedeo Amedei
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy;
| | - Fabiola De Marchi
- ALS Center, Neurology Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, University East Piedmont, 28100 Novara, Italy; (A.M.); (M.S.); (A.S.); (F.D.M.)
| | - Letizia Mazzini
- ALS Center, Neurology Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, University East Piedmont, 28100 Novara, Italy; (A.M.); (M.S.); (A.S.); (F.D.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0321-3733834; Fax: +39-0321-3733298
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13
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Grossini E, Concina D, Rinaldi C, Russotto S, Garhwal D, Zeppegno P, Gramaglia C, Kul S, Panella M. Association Between Plasma Redox State/Mitochondria Function and a Flu-Like Syndrome/COVID-19 in the Elderly Admitted to a Long-Term Care Unit. Front Physiol 2022; 12:707587. [PMID: 34975514 PMCID: PMC8715756 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.707587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims: It is widely known that the imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS)/antioxidants and mitochondrial function could play a pivotal role in aging and in the physiopathology of viral infections. Here, we correlated the plasma oxidants/antioxidants levels of the elderly admitted to a long-term care (LTC) unit with clinical data in relation to flu-like disease/COVID-19. Moreover, in vitro we examined the effects of plasma on cell viability, ROS release and mitochondrial function. Materials and Methods: In 60 patients admitted to LTC unit for at least 1 year at moderate or high care load, demographic and clinical variables were taken. Blood samples were collected for the evaluations of oxidants/antioxidants, as thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine, 8-isoprostanes, superoxide dismutase activity, glutathione, and vitamin D. In vitro, human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVEC) were used to examine the effects of plasma on viability, ROS release and mitochondrial membrane potential. Results: The results obtained showed that the redox state of the elderly was quite balanced; mitochondrial membrane potential of HUVEC was reduced by about 20%, only. Also, the correlation analysis evidenced the association between mitochondrial function and the patients' outcomes. Interestingly, lower levels of mitochondrial membrane potential were found in the elderly who had symptoms suggestive of COVID-19 or with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19. Conclusion: The results of this study highlight the importance of mitochondrial function in the tendency to get a flu-like syndrome like COVID-19 in the elderly admitted to LTC unit. This information could have clinical implications for the management of old population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Grossini
- Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy.,AGING Project Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Diego Concina
- AGING Project Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy.,Anteo Cooperativa Sociale Onlus, RSA Belletti Bona, Biella, Italy.,Public Health, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Carmela Rinaldi
- AGING Project Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy.,Public Health, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Sophia Russotto
- AGING Project Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy.,Anteo Cooperativa Sociale Onlus, RSA Belletti Bona, Biella, Italy
| | - Divya Garhwal
- Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy.,AGING Project Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Patrizia Zeppegno
- AGING Project Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy.,Psychiatric Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Carla Gramaglia
- AGING Project Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy.,Psychiatric Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Seval Kul
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Massimiliano Panella
- AGING Project Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy.,Anteo Cooperativa Sociale Onlus, RSA Belletti Bona, Biella, Italy.,Public Health, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
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14
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Gramaglia C, Gattoni E, Marangon D, Concina D, Grossini E, Rinaldi C, Panella M, Zeppegno P. Non-pharmacological Approaches to Depressed Elderly With No or Mild Cognitive Impairment in Long-Term Care Facilities. A Systematic Review of the Literature. Front Public Health 2021; 9:685860. [PMID: 34336772 PMCID: PMC8322575 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.685860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Compared to old people who live at home, depressive symptoms are more prevalent in those who live in long-term care facilities (LTCFs). Different kinds of non-pharmacological treatment approaches in LTCFs have been studied, including behavioral and cognitive-behavioral therapy, cognitive bibliotherapy, problem-solving therapy, brief psychodynamic therapy and life review/reminiscence. The aim of the current review was to systematically review non-pharmacological treatments used to treat depressed older adults with no or mild cognitive impairment (as described by a Mini Mental State Examination score > 20) living in LTCFs. Methods: A research was performed on PubMed and Scopus databases. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and MetaAnalyses (PRISMA) flowchart, studies selection was made. The quality of each Randomized Controlled Trial was scored using the Jadad scale, Quasi-Experimental Design studies and Non-Experimental studies were scored based on the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) Results: The review included 56 full text articles; according to the type of intervention, studies were grouped in the following areas: horticulture/gardening (n = 3), pet therapy (n = 4), physical exercise (n = 9), psychoeducation/rehabilitation (n = 15), psychotherapy (n = 3), reminiscence and story sharing (n = 14), miscellaneous (n = 8). Discussion and Conclusion: Despite mixed or negative findings in some cases, most studies included in this systematic review reported that the non-pharmacological interventions assessed were effective in the management of depressed elderly in the LTCFs context. Regrettably, the limitations and heterogeneity of the studies described above hinder the possibility to generalize and replicate results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Gramaglia
- Department of Translational Medicine (DIMET), Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
- Psychiatry Ward, Maggiore della Carità University Hospital, Novara, Italy
| | - Eleonora Gattoni
- Psychiatry Ward, Maggiore della Carità University Hospital, Novara, Italy
| | - Debora Marangon
- Psychiatry Ward, Maggiore della Carità University Hospital, Novara, Italy
| | - Diego Concina
- Department of Translational Medicine (DIMET), Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Elena Grossini
- Department of Translational Medicine (DIMET), Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Carmela Rinaldi
- Department of Translational Medicine (DIMET), Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Panella
- Department of Translational Medicine (DIMET), Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Patrizia Zeppegno
- Department of Translational Medicine (DIMET), Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
- Psychiatry Ward, Maggiore della Carità University Hospital, Novara, Italy
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15
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Camillo L, Grossini E, Farruggio S, Marotta P, Gironi LC, Zavattaro E, Savoia P. Alpha-Tocopherol Protects Human Dermal Fibroblasts by Modulating Nitric Oxide Release, Mitochondrial Function, Redox Status, and Inflammation. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2021; 35:1-12. [PMID: 34237733 DOI: 10.1159/000517204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The altered balance between oxidants/antioxidants and inflammation, changes in nitric oxide (NO) release, and mitochondrial function have a role in skin aging through fibroblast modulation. Tocopherol is promising in counteracting the abovementioned events, but the effective mechanism of action needs to be clarified. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine the effects of α-tocopherol on cell viability/proliferation, NO release, mitochondrial function, oxidants/antioxidants, and inflammation in human dermal fibroblasts (HDF) subjected to oxidative stress. METHODS HDF were treated with H2O2 in the presence or absence of 1-10 μM α-tocopherol. Cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS), NO release, and mitochondrial membrane potential were measured; glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD)-1 and -2, glutathione peroxidase-1 (GPX-1), inducible NO synthase (iNOS), and Ki-67 were evaluated by RT-PCR and immunofluorescence; cell cycle was analyzed using FACS. Pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine gene expression was analyzed through qRT-PCR. RESULTS α-Tocopherol counteracts H2O2, although it remains unclear whether this effect is dose dependent. Improvement of cell viability, mitochondrial membrane potential, Ki-67 expression, and G0/G1 and G2/M phases of the cell cycle was observed. These effects were accompanied by the increase of GSH content and the reduction of SOD-1 and -2, GPX-1, and ROS release. Also, iNOS expression and NO release were inhibited, and pro-inflammatory cytokine gene expression was decreased, confirming the putative role of α-tocopherol against inflammation. CONCLUSION α-Tocopherol exerts protective effects in HDF which underwent oxidative stress by modulating the redox status, inflammation, iNOS-dependent NO release, and mitochondrial function. These observations have a potential role in the prevention and treatment of photoaging-related skin cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Camillo
- Department of Health Science, Dermatologic Unit, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Elena Grossini
- Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Serena Farruggio
- Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Patrizia Marotta
- Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | | | - Elisa Zavattaro
- Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy
| | - Paola Savoia
- Department of Health Science, Dermatologic Unit, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
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16
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Grossini E, Garhwal DP, Calamita G, Romito R, Rigamonti C, Minisini R, Smirne C, Surico D, Bellan M, Pirisi M. Exposure to Plasma From Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Patients Affects Hepatocyte Viability, Generates Mitochondrial Dysfunction, and Modulates Pathways Involved in Fat Accumulation and Inflammation. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:693997. [PMID: 34277668 PMCID: PMC8282995 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.693997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes of lipidic storage, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction may be involved in the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Although the knowledge of intracellular pathways has vastly expanded in recent years, the role and mechanisms of circulating triggering factor(s) are debated. Thus, we tested the hypothesis that factors circulating in the blood of NAFLD patients may influence processes underlying the disease. Huh7.5 cells/primary human hepatocytes were exposed to plasma from 12 NAFLD patients and 12 healthy subjects and specific assays were performed to examine viability, H2O2 and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) release, mitochondrial membrane potential and triglycerides content. The involvement of NLRP3 inflammasome and of signaling related to peroxisome-proliferator-activating-ligand-receptor-γ (PPARγ), sterol-regulatory-element-binding-protein-1c (SREBP-1c), nuclear-factor-kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kB), and NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) was evaluated by repeating the experiments in the presence of NLRP3 inflammasome blocker, MCC950, and through Western blot. The results obtained shown that plasma of NAFLD patients was able to reduce cell viability and mitochondrial membrane potential by about 48 and 24% (p < 0.05), and to increase H2O2, mitochondrial ROS, and triglycerides content by about 42, 19, and 16% (p < 0.05), respectively. An increased expression of SREBP-1c, PPARγ, NF-kB and NOX2 of about 51, 121, 63, and 46%, respectively, was observed (p < 0.05), as well. Those effects were reduced by the use of MCC950. Thus, in hepatocytes, exposure to plasma from NAFLD patients induces a NAFLD-like phenotype by interference with NLRP3-inflammasome pathways and the activation of intracellular signaling related to SREBP-1c, PPARγ, NF-kB and NOX2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Grossini
- Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Translational Medicine, University East Piedmont, Novara, Italy.,AGING Project, Department of Translational Medicine, University East Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Divya Praveen Garhwal
- Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Translational Medicine, University East Piedmont, Novara, Italy.,AGING Project, Department of Translational Medicine, University East Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Calamita
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Raffaele Romito
- General Surgery Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Maggiore della Carità University Hospital, Novara, Italy
| | - Cristina Rigamonti
- AGING Project, Department of Translational Medicine, University East Piedmont, Novara, Italy.,Internal Medicine Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, University East Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Rosalba Minisini
- AGING Project, Department of Translational Medicine, University East Piedmont, Novara, Italy.,Internal Medicine Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, University East Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Carlo Smirne
- AGING Project, Department of Translational Medicine, University East Piedmont, Novara, Italy.,Internal Medicine Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, University East Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Daniela Surico
- AGING Project, Department of Translational Medicine, University East Piedmont, Novara, Italy.,Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, University East Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Mattia Bellan
- AGING Project, Department of Translational Medicine, University East Piedmont, Novara, Italy.,Internal Medicine Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, University East Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Mario Pirisi
- AGING Project, Department of Translational Medicine, University East Piedmont, Novara, Italy.,Internal Medicine Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, University East Piedmont, Novara, Italy
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17
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Toma C, De Cillà S, Palumbo A, Garhwal DP, Grossini E. Oxidative and Nitrosative Stress in Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Review of Their Role in Different Stages of Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10050653. [PMID: 33922463 PMCID: PMC8145578 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10050653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the exact pathogenetic mechanisms leading to age-related macular degeneration (AMD) have not been clearly identified, oxidative damage in the retina and choroid due to an imbalance between local oxidants/anti-oxidant systems leading to chronic inflammation could represent the trigger event. Different in vitro and in vivo models have demonstrated the involvement of reactive oxygen species generated in a highly oxidative environment in the development of drusen and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) changes in the initial pathologic processes of AMD; moreover, recent evidence has highlighted the possible association of oxidative stress and neovascular AMD. Nitric oxide (NO), which is known to play a key role in retinal physiological processes and in the regulation of choroidal blood flow, under pathologic conditions could lead to RPE/photoreceptor degeneration due to the generation of peroxynitrite, a potentially cytotoxic tyrosine-nitrating molecule. Furthermore, the altered expression of the different isoforms of NO synthases could be involved in choroidal microvascular changes leading to neovascularization. The purpose of this review was to investigate the different pathways activated by oxidative/nitrosative stress in the pathogenesis of AMD, focusing on the mechanisms leading to neovascularization and on the possible protective role of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Toma
- Eye Clinic, University Hospital Maggiore Della Carità, 28100 Novara, Italy; (C.T.); (S.D.C.); (A.P.)
| | - Stefano De Cillà
- Eye Clinic, University Hospital Maggiore Della Carità, 28100 Novara, Italy; (C.T.); (S.D.C.); (A.P.)
- Department of Health Sciences, University East Piedmont “A. Avogadro”, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Aurelio Palumbo
- Eye Clinic, University Hospital Maggiore Della Carità, 28100 Novara, Italy; (C.T.); (S.D.C.); (A.P.)
| | - Divya Praveen Garhwal
- Laboratory of Physiology and Experimental Surgery, Department of Translational Medicine, University East Piedmont “A. Avogadro”, 28100 Novara, Italy;
| | - Elena Grossini
- Laboratory of Physiology and Experimental Surgery, Department of Translational Medicine, University East Piedmont “A. Avogadro”, 28100 Novara, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.:+39-0321-660526
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18
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Zeppegno P, Krengli M, Ferrante D, Bagnati M, Burgio V, Farruggio S, Rolla R, Gramaglia C, Grossini E. Psychotherapy with Music Intervention Improves Anxiety, Depression and the Redox Status in Breast Cancer Patients Undergoing Radiotherapy: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13081752. [PMID: 33916933 PMCID: PMC8067630 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13081752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the effects of psychotherapy with music intervention (PMI) on anxiety, depression, redox status, and inflammation in breast cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy (RT). This monocentric randomized clinical trial recruited 60 patients who had a breast cancer operation and were undergoing postoperative RT. Eligible patients were randomized (1:1) in two groups: the control group (CG) received treatment as usual (n = 30), i.e., RT alone; the intervention group (PMI) received RT and psychotherapy with music intervention (n = 30), which was delivered in a group setting. Five patients were excluded after randomization. Assessments were performed at baseline (T0), at the end of RT (T1), and three months after the end of RT (T2). The main objectives of the study were the assessment of anxiety/depression, plasma glutathione (GSH), and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in the two arms of the study. Our findings revealed a positive effect of PMI on anxiety, depression, resilience, and quality of life. Furthermore, a positive effect of PMI on redox status was found for the first time. Thus, in the PMI group, we found a significant increase of GSH (mean change 2.2 95%, CI 0.7 to 3.7) and a significant reduction of TBARS (mean change -1.1 95%, CI -1.8 to -0.3) at T2 vs. T0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Zeppegno
- Psychiatry Institute, Department of Translational Medicine, University of “Piemonte Orientale” and University Hospital “Maggiore della Carità”, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy; (P.Z.); (C.G.)
| | - Marco Krengli
- Radiation Oncology Division, Department of Translational Medicine, University of “Piemonte Orientale” and University Hospital “Maggiore della Carità”, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0321-3733725
| | - Daniela Ferrante
- Unit of Medical Statistics, Department of Translational Medicine, University of “Piemonte Orientale” and Cancer Epidemiology, CPO Piemonte, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy;
| | - Marco Bagnati
- Department of Health Sciences, Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory, University of “Piemonte Orientale” and University Hospital “Maggiore della Carità”, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy; (M.B.); (R.R.)
| | - Vincenzo Burgio
- Radiation Oncology Division, Department of Translational Medicine, University of “Piemonte Orientale” and University Hospital “Maggiore della Carità”, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy;
| | - Serena Farruggio
- Physiology Laboratory, Department of Translational Medicine, University of “Piemonte Orientale”, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy; (S.F.); (E.G.)
| | - Roberta Rolla
- Department of Health Sciences, Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory, University of “Piemonte Orientale” and University Hospital “Maggiore della Carità”, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy; (M.B.); (R.R.)
| | - Carla Gramaglia
- Psychiatry Institute, Department of Translational Medicine, University of “Piemonte Orientale” and University Hospital “Maggiore della Carità”, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy; (P.Z.); (C.G.)
| | - Elena Grossini
- Physiology Laboratory, Department of Translational Medicine, University of “Piemonte Orientale”, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy; (S.F.); (E.G.)
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19
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Heringlake M, Alvarez J, Bettex D, Bouchez S, Fruhwald S, Girardis M, Grossini E, Guarracino F, Herpain A, Toller W, Tritapepe L, Pollesello P. An update on levosimendan in acute cardiac care: applications and recommendations for optimal efficacy and safety. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2021; 19:325-335. [PMID: 33739204 DOI: 10.1080/14779072.2021.1905520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: In the 20 years since its introduction to the palette of intravenous hemodynamic therapies, the inodilator levosimendan has established itself as a valuable asset for the management of acute decompensated heart failure. Its pharmacology is notable for delivering inotropy via calcium sensitization without an increase in myocardial oxygen consumption.Areas covered: Experience with levosimendan has led to its applications expanding into perioperative hemodynamic support and various critical care settings, as well as an array of situations associated with acutely decompensated heart failure, such as right ventricular failure, cardiogenic shock with multi-organ dysfunction, and cardio-renal syndrome. Evidence suggests that levosimendan may be preferable to milrinone for patients in cardiogenic shock after cardiac surgery or for weaning from extracorporeal life support and may be superior to dobutamine in terms of short-term survival, especially in patients on beta-blockers. Positive effects on kidney function have been noted, further differentiating levosimendan from catecholamines and phosphodiesterase inhibitors.Expert opinion:Levosimendan can be a valuable resource in the treatment of acute cardiac dysfunction, especially in the presence of beta-blockers or ischemic cardiomyopathy. When attention is given to avoiding or correcting hypovolemia and hypokalemia, an early use of the drug in the treatment algorithm is preferred.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Heringlake
- Klinik Für Anästhesie Und Intensivmedizin, Herz- Und Diabeteszentrum Mecklenburg Vorpommern, Karlsburg, Germany
| | - Julian Alvarez
- Department of Anesthesia and Surgical ICU, University of Santiago De Compostela, Santiago De Compostela, Spain
| | - Dominique Bettex
- Institute for Anaesthesiology, University Zürich and University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Stefaan Bouchez
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sonja Fruhwald
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Division of Anaesthesiology for Cardiovascular Surgery and Intensive Care Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Massimo Girardis
- Struttura Complessa Di Anestesia 1, Policlinico Di Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Elena Grossini
- Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Translational Medicine, Università Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Fabio Guarracino
- Dipartimento Di Anestesia E Rianimazione, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Antoine Herpain
- Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre De Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Wolfgang Toller
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Division of Anaesthesiology for Cardiovascular Surgery and Intensive Care Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Luigi Tritapepe
- UOC Anestesia E Rianimazione, Azienda Ospedaliera San Camillo-Forlanini, Rome, Italy; and
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20
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Pizzarelli F, Cantaluppi V, Panichi V, Toccafondi A, Ferro G, Farruggio S, Grossini E, Dattolo PC, Miniello V, Migliori M, Grimaldi C, Casani A, Borzumati M, Cusinato S, Capitanini A, Quercia A, Filiberti O, Dani L. Citrate high volume on-line hemodiafiltration modulates serum Interleukin-6 and Klotho levels: the multicenter randomized controlled study "Hephaestus". J Nephrol 2021; 34:1701-1710. [PMID: 33559851 DOI: 10.1007/s40620-020-00943-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies addressing the anti-inflammatory properties of citrate dialysate enrolled patients in both hemodialysis (HD) and hemodiafiltration (HDF), the latter not adjusted for adequate convective exchange. This is a potential source of confounding in that HDF itself has anti-inflammatory effects regardless of the buffer, and optimal clinical outcomes are related to the amount of convection. METHODS To distinguish the merits of the buffer from those of convection, we performed a 6-month, prospective, randomized, crossover AB-BA study. Comparisons were made during the 3-month study period of on-line HDF with standard dialysate containing three mmol of acetic acid (OL-HDFst) and the 3-month of OL-HDF with dialysate containing one mmol of citric acid (OL-HDFcit). Primary outcome measure of the study was interleukin-6 (IL-6). Klotho, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), fetuin and routine biochemical parameters were also analyzed. RESULTS We analyzed 47 patients (mean age 64 years, range 27-84 years) enrolled in 10 participating Nephrology Units. Convective volumes were around 25 L/session with 90 percent of sessions > 20 L and ß2-microglobulin reduction rate 76% in both HDFs. Baseline median IL-6 values in OL-HDFst were 5.6 pg/ml (25:75 interquartile range IQR 2.9:10.6) and in OL-HDFcit 6.6 pg/ml (IQR 3.4:11.4 pg/ml). The difference was not statistically significant (p 0.88). IL-6 values were lower during OL-HDFcit than during OL-HDFst, both when analyzed as the median difference of overall IL-6 values (p 0.02) and as the median of pairwise differences between the baseline and the 3-month time points (p 0.03). The overall hsCRP values too, were lower during OL-HDFcit than during OL-HDFst (p 0.01). Klotho levels showed a time effect (p 0.02) and the increase was significant only during OL-HDFcit (p 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Citrate buffer modulated IL-6, hsCRP and Klotho levels during high volume OL-HDF. These results are not attributable to differences in the dialysis technology that was applied and may suggest a potential biological effect of citrate on CKD-associated inflammatory state. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT02863016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Pizzarelli
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, SM Annunziata Hospital, ASL Toscana Centro, via dell'Antella, 50012, Firenze, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Cantaluppi
- Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Novara, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Panichi
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Versilia Hospital, ASL Nord-Ovest, Lido Di Camaiore, Italy
| | - Alessandro Toccafondi
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, SM Annunziata Hospital, ASL Toscana Centro, via dell'Antella, 50012, Firenze, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ferro
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, SM Annunziata Hospital, ASL Toscana Centro, via dell'Antella, 50012, Firenze, Italy
| | - Serena Farruggio
- Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Novara, Italy
| | - Elena Grossini
- Lab Physiology, Department Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Novara, Italy
| | - Pietro Claudio Dattolo
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, SM Annunziata Hospital, ASL Toscana Centro, via dell'Antella, 50012, Firenze, Italy
| | | | - Massimiliano Migliori
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Versilia Hospital, ASL Nord-Ovest, Lido Di Camaiore, Italy
| | - Cristina Grimaldi
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, NSGD Hospital, ASL Toscana Centro, Firenze, Italy
| | - Aldo Casani
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, ASL Nord-Ovest, Massa Carrara, Italy
| | - Maurizio Borzumati
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, ASL VCO, Verbania, Verbano Cusio Ossola, Italy
| | - Stefano Cusinato
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Borgomanero Hospital, ASL NO Novara, Borgomanero, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Lucia Dani
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, ASL Toscana Centro, Empoli, Italy
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21
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Sabbatini M, Faruggio S, Verna G, Magnelli V, Dondero F, Boldorini R, Cannas M, Grossini E. Processing Adipose Tissue to Make it More Stable When Used for Refilling: A Morphologic and Immunohistochemistry Evaluation. Inquiry 2021; 58:469580211061030. [PMID: 34894844 PMCID: PMC8679401 DOI: 10.1177/00469580211061030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Breast reconstruction has gained from lipofilling the possibility to recover the aesthetic outcome of anatomical profile in a more natural appearance. However, until today, the long-term graft survival remains unpredictable, and sometimes it does not guarantee a well-adequate aesthetic result. In the present work, the morphological changes, occurring in fat mass used for refilling, harvested by the Coleman's procedure or through the washing/fragmenting procedure were analysed. Adipocyte size; immunohistochemistry against CD8, CD31, CD68 and M2-type macrophages and catalase enzyme, were analysed in vitro on fat mass cultured for 4 weeks. Our observation reveals an increase of connective tissue around the mass and a high number of immune cells occurrence in fat mass harvested by the Coleman's procedure. Instead, the washing/fragmented procedure would reduce the number of immune cells within the fat mass, increase the size of adipocytes, and cause a wider presence of active vessels profile and greater catalase expression. We hypothesize that the fat mass processed by the Coleman's procedure would remain more reactive due to a higher number of immune and macrophages cells, prone to develop cystic formation, leading to a suboptimal integration in the recipient site. On the other hand, the conditions more prone to realize an optimal integration would occur in the fat mass processed by the washing/fragmenting procedure: a reduced number of immune cells, low amount of connective tissue, presence of larger adipocytes. Follow-up monitoring did support our conclusion, as we observed a reduction of re-intervention for refilling procedure in patients treated with the washing/fragmenting procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Sabbatini
- Department of Science and
Technology Innovation, UPO University, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Serena Faruggio
- Department of Translational
Medicine, UPO University, Novara, Italy
| | - Giovanni Verna
- Department of Plastic and
Reconstructive Surgery, Hospital “Maggiore Della
Carità,” Novara, Italy
| | - Valeria Magnelli
- Department of Science and
Technology Innovation, UPO University, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Francesco Dondero
- Department of Science and
Technology Innovation, UPO University, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Renzo Boldorini
- Department of Health Science,
Section of Pathological Anatomy, UPO University, Novara, Italy
| | - Mario Cannas
- Department of Health Sciences, UPO University, Novara, Italy
| | - Elena Grossini
- Department of Translational
Medicine, UPO University, Novara, Italy
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22
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Smirne C, Mulas V, Barbaglia MN, Mallela VR, Minisini R, Barizzone N, Burlone ME, Pirisi M, Grossini E. Periostin Circulating Levels and Genetic Variants in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:E1003. [PMID: 33255560 PMCID: PMC7760606 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10121003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating periostin has been suggested as a possible biomarker in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in Asian studies. In the present study, we aimed to test its still controversial relevance in a Caucasian population. In patients with histologically-proven NAFLD (N. = 74; 10 with hepatocellular carcinoma, HCC) plasma periostin concentrations were analyzed. POSTN haplotype analysis was based on rs9603226, rs3829365, and rs1029728. Hepatitis C patients (N. = 81, 7 HCC) and healthy subjects (N. = 27) were used as controls. The median plasma periostin concentration was 11.6 ng/mL without differences amongst groups; it was not influenced by age, liver fibrosis or steatosis. However, possession of haplotype two (rs9603226 = G, rs3829365 = C, rs1028728 = A) was associated with lower circulating periostin compared to other haplotypes. Moreover, periostin was higher in HCC patients. At multivariate analysis, HCC remained the only predictor of high periostin. In conclusion, plasma periostin concentrations in Caucasians NAFLD patients are not influenced by the degree of liver disease, but are significantly higher in HCC. Genetically-determined differences may account for some of the variability. These data suggest extreme caution in predicting a possible future role of periostin antagonists as a rational therapeutic alternative for NAFLD, but show a potential periostin role in the management of NAFLD-associated HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Smirne
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, via Solaroli, 17, 28100 Novara, Italy; (V.M.); (M.N.B.); (V.R.M.); (R.M.); (M.E.B.); (M.P.); (E.G.)
| | - Violante Mulas
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, via Solaroli, 17, 28100 Novara, Italy; (V.M.); (M.N.B.); (V.R.M.); (R.M.); (M.E.B.); (M.P.); (E.G.)
| | - Matteo Nazzareno Barbaglia
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, via Solaroli, 17, 28100 Novara, Italy; (V.M.); (M.N.B.); (V.R.M.); (R.M.); (M.E.B.); (M.P.); (E.G.)
| | - Venkata Ramana Mallela
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, via Solaroli, 17, 28100 Novara, Italy; (V.M.); (M.N.B.); (V.R.M.); (R.M.); (M.E.B.); (M.P.); (E.G.)
| | - Rosalba Minisini
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, via Solaroli, 17, 28100 Novara, Italy; (V.M.); (M.N.B.); (V.R.M.); (R.M.); (M.E.B.); (M.P.); (E.G.)
| | - Nadia Barizzone
- Department of Health Sciences, Università’ del Piemonte Orientale, via Solaroli, 17, 28100 Novara, Italy;
| | - Michela Emma Burlone
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, via Solaroli, 17, 28100 Novara, Italy; (V.M.); (M.N.B.); (V.R.M.); (R.M.); (M.E.B.); (M.P.); (E.G.)
| | - Mario Pirisi
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, via Solaroli, 17, 28100 Novara, Italy; (V.M.); (M.N.B.); (V.R.M.); (R.M.); (M.E.B.); (M.P.); (E.G.)
| | - Elena Grossini
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, via Solaroli, 17, 28100 Novara, Italy; (V.M.); (M.N.B.); (V.R.M.); (R.M.); (M.E.B.); (M.P.); (E.G.)
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23
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Farruggio S, Cocomazzi G, Marotta P, Romito R, Surico D, Calamita G, Bellan M, Pirisi M, Grossini E. Genistein and 17β-Estradiol Protect Hepatocytes from Fatty Degeneration by Mechanisms Involving Mitochondria, Inflammasome and Kinases Activation. Cell Physiol Biochem 2020; 54:401-416. [PMID: 32330379 DOI: 10.33594/000000227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Oxidative stress and mitochondria dysfunction could be involved in the onset of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and in its progression to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Estrogens/phytoestrogens could counteract liver fat deposition with beneficial effects against NAFLD by unclear mechanisms. We aimed to analyze the protective effects elicited by genistein/estradiol in hepatocytes cultured in NAFLD-like medium on cell viability, triglycerides accumulation, mitochondrial function and oxidative stress and the role of NLRP3 inflammasome, toll like receptors 4 (TLR4), Akt and 5' AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)α1/2. METHODS Human primary hepatocytes/hepatoma cell line (Huh7.5 cells) were incubated with a 2 mM mixture of oleate/palmitate in presence/absence of genistein/17β-estradiol. In some experiments, Huh7.5 cells were exposed to various inhibitors of the above pathways and estrogenic receptors (ERs) and G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) blockers, before genistein/17β-estradiol. Cell viability, mitochondrial membrane potential, reactive oxygen species and triglycerides content were examined by 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT), 5,51,6,61-tetrachloro-1,11,3,31 tetraethylbenzimidazolyl carbocyanine iodide (JC-1), 2,7-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (H2DCFDA) and the Triglyceride Colorimetric Assay. The expression/activation of kinases was analyzed by means of Western blot. RESULTS Genistein/17β-estradiol protected hepatocytes against NAFLD-like medium, by preventing the loss of cell viability and mitochondrial function, triglycerides accumulation and peroxidation. The blocking of kinases, ERs and GPER was able to reduce the above effects, which were potentiated by NLRP3 inflammasome. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest novel mechanisms underlying the protective effects elicited by phytoestrogens/estrogens against NAFLD/NASH and open novel therapeutic perspectives in the management of NAFLD in postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Farruggio
- Laboratory of Physiology and Experimental Surgery, Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy.,AGING Project, Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Grazia Cocomazzi
- Laboratory of Physiology and Experimental Surgery, Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy.,AGING Project, Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Patrizia Marotta
- Laboratory of Physiology and Experimental Surgery, Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy.,AGING Project, Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Raffaele Romito
- General Surgery Unit, Maggiore della Carità University Hospital, Novara, Italy
| | - Daniela Surico
- AGING Project, Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy.,Gynecology Division, Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Calamita
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Mattia Bellan
- AGING Project, Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy.,Internal Medicine Division, Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Mario Pirisi
- AGING Project, Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy.,Internal Medicine Division, Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Elena Grossini
- Laboratory of Physiology and Experimental Surgery, Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy, .,AGING Project, Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
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24
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Dematteis G, Vydmantaitė G, Ruffinatti FA, Chahin M, Farruggio S, Barberis E, Ferrari E, Marengo E, Distasi C, Morkūnienė R, Genazzani AA, Grilli M, Grossini E, Corazzari M, Manfredi M, Lim D, Jekabsone A, Tapella L. Proteomic analysis links alterations of bioenergetics, mitochondria-ER interactions and proteostasis in hippocampal astrocytes from 3xTg-AD mice. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:645. [PMID: 32811809 PMCID: PMC7434916 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-02911-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a slowly-developing age-related neurodegenerative disorder, is a result of the action of multiple factors including deregulation of Ca2+ homeostasis, mitochondrial dysfunction, and dysproteostasis. Interaction of these factors in astrocytes, principal homeostatic cells in the central nervous system, is still poorly understood. Here we report that in immortalized hippocampal astrocytes from 3xTg-AD mice (3Tg-iAstro cells) bioenergetics is impaired, including reduced glycolysis and mitochondrial oxygen consumption, and increased production of reactive oxygen species. Shotgun proteomics analysis of mitochondria-ER-enriched fraction showed no alterations in the expression of mitochondrial and OxPhos proteins, while those related to the ER functions and protein synthesis were deregulated. Using ER- and mitochondria-targeted aequorin-based Ca2+ probe we show that, in 3Tg-iAstro cells, ER was overloaded with Ca2+ while Ca2+ uptake by mitochondria upon ATP stimulation was reduced. This was accompanied by the increase in short distance (≈8–10 nm) contact area between mitochondria and ER, upregulation of ER-stress/unfolded protein response genes Atf4, Atf6 and Herp, and reduction of global protein synthesis rate. We suggest that familial AD mutations in 3Tg-iAstro cells induce mitochondria-ER interaction changes that deregulate astrocytic bioenergetics, Ca2+ homeostasis and proteostasis. These factors may interact, creating a pathogenic loop compromising homeostatic and defensive functions of astroglial cells predisposing neurons to dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Dematteis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Gabrielė Vydmantaitė
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technologies, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | | | - Malak Chahin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Serena Farruggio
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Elettra Barberis
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy.,Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases (CAAD), University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Eleonora Ferrari
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases (CAAD), University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy.,Department of Health Science, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Emilio Marengo
- DiSIT, University of Piemonte Orientale, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Carla Distasi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Ramunė Morkūnienė
- Department of Drug Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Armando A Genazzani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Mariagrazia Grilli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Elena Grossini
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Marco Corazzari
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases (CAAD), University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy.,Department of Health Science, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy.,Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Marcello Manfredi
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy.,Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases (CAAD), University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Dmitry Lim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy.
| | - Aistė Jekabsone
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technologies, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania.
| | - Laura Tapella
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
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De Cillà S, Farruggio S, Cocomazzi G, Mary D, Alkabes M, Rossetti L, Vujosevic S, Grossini E. Aflibercept and Ranibizumab Modulate Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells Function by Acting on Their Cross Talk with Vascular Endothelial Cells. Cell Physiol Biochem 2020; 54:161-179. [PMID: 32045141 DOI: 10.33594/000000212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS We performed co-culture experiments between human RPE cells (ARPE-19) and human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVEC) in order to evaluate how anti-VEGF drugs could affect NO release, mitochondrial function, the oxidative status, proliferation and migration of RPE cells through modulation of their cross talk with vascular endothelial cells. METHODS The co-culture HUVEC/RPE, was exposed to Ranibizumab/Aflibercept in the absence/presence of the NO synthase (NOS) inhibitor, the phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase (PI3K), the extracellular-signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) and the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) blockers. Specific kits were used for cell viability, mitochondrial membrane potential, NO, ROS and GSH production. Western blot was performed for apoptosis markers, NOS isoforms, and others kinases detection. Cell migration was analyzed by scratch assay, whereas cell proliferation and cell cycle through xCELLigence and flow cytometry. RESULTS In RPE cells co-cultured with HUVEC in physiological conditions, Aflibercept/Ranibizumab increased NO release in a dose and time-dependent way. Opposite results were obtained in peroxidative conditions. Both anti-VEGF agents were able to prevent the fall of cell viability and mitochondrial membrane potential, an effect which was reduced by various inhibitors, and increased cell migration. Aflibercept/Ranibizumab counteracted the changes of apoptosis markers, NOS expression/activation, PI3K and ERK1/2 activation caused by peroxidation. These results were confirmed by cell cycle analysis. CONCLUSION This study has shown new mechanisms at the basis of protective effects elicited by Aflibercept/Ranibizumab in RPE cells. HUVEC stimulated with Aflibercept/Ranibizumab, could release some paracrine factors that can modulate the RPE cells response in both physiologic and peroxidative conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano De Cillà
- Ophthalmology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University East Piedmont, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy
| | - Serena Farruggio
- Laboratory of Physiology and Experimental Surgery, Department of Translational Medicine, University East Piedmont, Novara, Italy.,AGING Project, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Grazia Cocomazzi
- Laboratory of Physiology and Experimental Surgery, Department of Translational Medicine, University East Piedmont, Novara, Italy.,AGING Project, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - David Mary
- Laboratory of Physiology and Experimental Surgery, Department of Translational Medicine, University East Piedmont, Novara, Italy.,AGING Project, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Micol Alkabes
- Ophthalmology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University East Piedmont, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy
| | - Luca Rossetti
- Eye Clinic, San Paolo Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Stela Vujosevic
- Ophthalmology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University East Piedmont, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy
| | - Elena Grossini
- Ophthalmology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University East Piedmont, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy, .,AGING Project, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
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Grossini E, Farruggio S, Pierelli D, Bolzani V, Rossi L, Pollesello P, Monaco C. Levosimendan Improves Oxidative Balance in Cardiogenic Shock/Low Cardiac Output Patients. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9020373. [PMID: 32019057 PMCID: PMC7073614 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9020373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The beneficial effects exerted by levosimendan against cardiac failure could be related to the modulation of oxidative balance. We aimed to examine the effects of levosimendan in patients with cardiogenic shock or low cardiac output on cardiac systo-diastolic function and plasma oxidants/antioxidants (glutathione, GSH; thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, TBARS). In four patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting or angioplasty, cardiovascular parameters and plasma GSH and TBARS were measured at T0 (before levosimendan infusion), T1 (1 h after the achievement of the therapeutic dosage of levosimendan), T2 (end of levosimendan infusion), T3 (72 h after the end of levosimendan infusion), and T4 (end of cardiogenic shock). We found an improvement in the indices of systolic (ejection fraction, cardiac output, cardiac index) and diastolic (E to early diastolic mitral annular tissue velocity, E/'; early to late diastolic transmitral flow velocity, EA) cardiac function at early T2. A reduction of central venous pressure and pulmonary wedge pressure was also observed. Plasma levels of GSH and TBARS were restored by levosimendan at T1, as well. The results obtained indicate that levosimendan administration can regulate oxidant/antioxidant balance as an early effect in cardiogenic shock/low cardiac output patients. Modulation of oxidative status on a mitochondrial level could thus play a role in exerting the cardio-protection exerted by levosimendan in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Grossini
- Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Translational Medicine, UPO, 28100 Novara, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +390321660526; Fax: +3903213733537
| | - Serena Farruggio
- Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Translational Medicine, UPO, 28100 Novara, Italy;
| | - Daniele Pierelli
- Cardiothoracic Intensive Care Unit, AOU, 28100 Novara, Italy; (D.P.); (C.M.)
| | | | - Lidia Rossi
- Cardiology Division, AOU, 28100 Novara, Italy; (V.B.); (L.R.)
| | | | - Carolina Monaco
- Cardiothoracic Intensive Care Unit, AOU, 28100 Novara, Italy; (D.P.); (C.M.)
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Farruggio S, Raina G, Cocomazzi G, Librasi C, Mary D, Gentilli S, Grossini E. Genistein improves viability, proliferation and mitochondrial function of cardiomyoblasts cultured in physiologic and peroxidative conditions. Int J Mol Med 2019; 44:2298-2310. [DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2019.4365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Serena Farruggio
- Laboratory of Physiology and Experimental Surgery, Department of Translational Medicine, AGING Project, University of East Piedmont, I‑28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Giulia Raina
- Laboratory of Physiology and Experimental Surgery, Department of Translational Medicine, AGING Project, University of East Piedmont, I‑28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Grazia Cocomazzi
- Laboratory of Physiology and Experimental Surgery, Department of Translational Medicine, AGING Project, University of East Piedmont, I‑28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Carlotta Librasi
- Laboratory of Physiology and Experimental Surgery, Department of Translational Medicine, AGING Project, University of East Piedmont, I‑28100 Novara, Italy
| | - David Mary
- Laboratory of Physiology and Experimental Surgery, Department of Translational Medicine, AGING Project, University of East Piedmont, I‑28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Sergio Gentilli
- General Surgery Unit, Department of Health of Sciences, University of East Piedmont; University Hospital Company Major of Charity, I‑28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Elena Grossini
- Laboratory of Physiology and Experimental Surgery, Department of Translational Medicine, AGING Project, University of East Piedmont, I‑28100 Novara, Italy
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Surico D, Bordino V, Cantaluppi V, Mary D, Gentilli S, Oldani A, Farruggio S, Melluzza C, Raina G, Grossini E. Preeclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction: Role of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells-trophoblast cross-talk. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218437. [PMID: 31206561 PMCID: PMC6576763 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oxidative stress is involved in the pathogenesis and maintenance of pregnancy-related disorders, such as intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and preeclampsia (PE). Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUMSCs) have been suggested as a possible therapeutic tool for the treatment of pregnancy-related disorders in view of their paracrine actions on trophoblast cells. Objectives To quantify the plasma markers of peroxidation in patients affected by PE and IUGR and to examine the role of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of PE and IUGR in vitro by using hUMSCs from physiological and pathological pregnancies and a trophoblast cell line (HTR-8/SVneo). Study design In pathological and physiological pregnancies the plasma markers of oxidative stress, arterial blood pressure, serum uric acid, 24h proteinuria, weight gain and body mass index (BMI) were examined. Furthermore, the pulsatility index (PI) of uterine and umbilical arteries, and of fetal middle cerebral artery was measured. In vitro, the different responses of hUMSCs, taken from physiological and pathological pregnancies, and of HTR-8/SVneo to pregnancy-related hormones in terms of viability and nitric oxide (NO) release were investigated. In some experiments, the above measurements were performed on co-cultures between HTR-8/SVneo and hUMSCs. Results The results obtained have shown that in pathological pregnancies, body mass index, serum acid uric, pulsatility index in uterine and umbilical arteries and markers of oxidative stress were higher than those found in physiological ones. Moreover, in PE and IUGR, a relation was observed between laboratory and clinical findings and the increased levels of oxidative stress. HTR-8/SVneo and hUMSCs showed reduced viability and increased NO production when stressed with H2O2. Finally, HTR-8/SVneo cultured in cross-talk with hUMSCs from pathological pregnancies showed a deterioration of cell viability and NO release when treated with pregnancy-related hormones. Conclusion Our findings support that hUMSCs taken from patients affected by PE and IUGR have significant features in comparison with those from physiologic pregnancies. Moreover, the cross-talk between hUMSCs and trophoblast cells might be involved in the etiopathology of IUGR and PE secondary to oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Surico
- Department of Translational Medicine, Gynecologic Unit, University East Piedmont, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine, AGING PROJECT, University East Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Valerio Bordino
- Department of Translational Medicine, Gynecologic Unit, University East Piedmont, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Cantaluppi
- Department of Translational Medicine, AGING PROJECT, University East Piedmont, Novara, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine, Nephrology-Kidney Transplantation Unit and Center for Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases (CAAD), University East Piedmont, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy
| | - David Mary
- Department of Translational Medicine, Laboratory of Physiology/Experimental Surgery, University East Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Sergio Gentilli
- Department of Translational Medicine, Laboratory of Physiology/Experimental Surgery, University East Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Alberto Oldani
- Department of Translational Medicine, Laboratory of Physiology/Experimental Surgery, University East Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Serena Farruggio
- Department of Translational Medicine, AGING PROJECT, University East Piedmont, Novara, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine, Laboratory of Physiology/Experimental Surgery, University East Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Carmela Melluzza
- Department of Translational Medicine, Gynecologic Unit, University East Piedmont, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy
| | - Giulia Raina
- Department of Translational Medicine, AGING PROJECT, University East Piedmont, Novara, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine, Laboratory of Physiology/Experimental Surgery, University East Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Elena Grossini
- Department of Translational Medicine, AGING PROJECT, University East Piedmont, Novara, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine, Laboratory of Physiology/Experimental Surgery, University East Piedmont, Novara, Italy
- * E-mail:
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Pagani F, Quaglia M, Raina G, Grossini E, Surico D, Cantaluppi V. FP092SERUM LEVELS OF EXTRACELLULAR VESICLES (EVS) CORRELATE WITH PREECLAMPSIA (PE) SEVERITY AND MEDIATE ENDOTHELIAL CELL AND PODOCYTE DAMAGE. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfz106.fp092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Fabiola Pagani
- AOU "Maggiore della Carità, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Marco Quaglia
- AOU "Maggiore della Carità, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
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De Cillà S, Vezzola D, Farruggio S, Vujosevic S, Clemente N, Raina G, Mary D, Casini G, Rossetti L, Avagliano L, Martinelli C, Bulfamante G, Grossini E. The subthreshold micropulse laser treatment of the retina restores the oxidant/antioxidant balance and counteracts programmed forms of cell death in the mice eyes. Acta Ophthalmol 2019; 97:e559-e567. [PMID: 30585429 DOI: 10.1111/aos.13995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Subthreshold micropulse laser (SMPL) has been increasingly used for the treatment of different retinal and choroidal macular disorders. However, the exact mechanisms of action have not yet been clearly defined. Therefore, we aimed to examine the role of SMPL treatment in the modulation of oxidant/antioxidant systems, apoptosis and autophagy in the mice eyes. METHODS A specific laser contact lens for retina was positioned on the cornea of 40 mice (20 young and 20 old) in order to focus the laser on the eye fundus for SMPL treatment. Within 6 months, 20 animals received one treatment only, whereas the others were treated three times. Eye specimens underwent histological analysis and were used for thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and glutathione (GSH) quantification, as well as for the superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) and the selenoprotein thioredoxin reductase 1 (TrxR1) expression evaluation. Western blot was performed for nitric oxide synthase (NOS) subtypes detection and to examine changes in apoptotic/autophagy proteins expression. RESULTS SMPL treatment reduced TBARS and increased GSH and SOD1 in the mice eyes. It also reduced cytochrome c, caspase 3 expression and activity and cleaved caspase 9, and increased Beclin 1, p62 and LC3β. The effects were more relevant in the elderly animals. CONCLUSION Our results showed that SMPL therapy restored the oxidant/antioxidant balance within retinal layers and modulated programmed forms of cell death. Further studies may confirm these data and could evaluate their relevance in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano De Cillà
- Ophthalmology Unit Department of Health Sciences Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità University of East Piedmont Novara Italy
| | - Diego Vezzola
- Lab. Physiology/Experimental Surgery Department of Translational Medicine University of East Piedmont Novara Italy
| | - Serena Farruggio
- Lab. Physiology/Experimental Surgery Department of Translational Medicine University of East Piedmont Novara Italy
- AGING Project Department of Translational Medicine University of Eastern Piedmont Novara Italy
| | - Stela Vujosevic
- Ophthalmology Unit Department of Health Sciences Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità University of East Piedmont Novara Italy
| | - Nausicaa Clemente
- Lab. Immunology IRCAD Department of Health Sciences University East Piedmont Novara Italy
| | - Giulia Raina
- Lab. Physiology/Experimental Surgery Department of Translational Medicine University of East Piedmont Novara Italy
- AGING Project Department of Translational Medicine University of Eastern Piedmont Novara Italy
| | - David Mary
- Lab. Physiology/Experimental Surgery Department of Translational Medicine University of East Piedmont Novara Italy
- AGING Project Department of Translational Medicine University of Eastern Piedmont Novara Italy
| | - Giamberto Casini
- Department of Surgical Medical, Molecular and Critical Area Pathology University of Pisa Pisa Italy
| | - Luca Rossetti
- Eye Clinic San Paolo Hospital University of Milan Milan Italy
| | - Laura Avagliano
- Pathological Anatomy Department of Health Sciences San Paolo Hospital University of Milan Milan Italy
| | - Carla Martinelli
- Pathological Anatomy Department of Health Sciences San Paolo Hospital University of Milan Milan Italy
| | - Gaetano Bulfamante
- Pathological Anatomy Department of Health Sciences San Paolo Hospital University of Milan Milan Italy
| | - Elena Grossini
- Lab. Physiology/Experimental Surgery Department of Translational Medicine University of East Piedmont Novara Italy
- AGING Project Department of Translational Medicine University of Eastern Piedmont Novara Italy
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Sacco Botto F, Ingrassia PL, Donato P, Garzaro M, Aluffi P, Gentilli S, Olina M, Grossini E. Manufacture of a Multi-Purpose Low-Cost Animal Bench-Model for Teaching Tracheostomy. J Vis Exp 2019. [PMID: 31157774 DOI: 10.3791/59396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Tracheostomy is one of the most frequent procedures, performed through various techniques in the intensive care unit and emergency situations. Despite this, there is a lack of training on this procedure that affects its outcome, which is also dependent on operator's dexterity. Here, we take the specific training and simulation into consideration. This article aims to describe every step of the manufacture of a new multi-purpose low-cost animal bench-model, with the support of video and images, and to obtain an opinion about the quality of this model by administering a questionnaire to professionals with experience in the procedures. Ten experts in the technique were enrolled. The model scored an average of 3.45/5 for its anatomical realism; 4.75/5 for its usefulness as a training tool for simulation courses and assessments. The time necessary to build the model was 15 minutes, and the cost amounted to 10€. The animal bench-model was considered a very useful simulator for tracheostomy training and assessments. Therefore, it could be used as a tool for medical courses and residencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Sacco Botto
- Physiology and Experimental Surgery, Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale;
| | - Pier Luigi Ingrassia
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Didattica Innovativa e di Simulazione in Medicina e Professioni Sanitarie - SIMNOVA, Università del Piemonte Orientale
| | - Paolo Donato
- Section of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Azienda Ospedaliera Maggiore della Carità, Università del Piemonte Orientale
| | - Massimiliano Garzaro
- Section of ENT, Azienda Ospedaliera Maggiore della Carità, Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale
| | - Paolo Aluffi
- Section of ENT, Azienda Ospedaliera Maggiore della Carità, Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale
| | - Sergio Gentilli
- Section of General Surgery Department of Health of Sciences, Azienda Ospedaliera Maggiore della Carità, Università del Piemonte Orientale
| | - Massimo Olina
- Department of Education, Azienda Ospedaliera Maggiore della Carità
| | - Elena Grossini
- Physiology and Experimental Surgery, Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale
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Caimmi P, Kapetanakis E, Beggino C, Vacca G, Grossini E, Stratica F, Sacco R, Capponi A. The Impact of a New "Inverted Arch" Prosthetic Annuloplasty Ring on the Mitral Valve's 3-D Motion: An Experimental Ex-Vivo Study. Bioengineering (Basel) 2019; 6:bioengineering6020031. [PMID: 30965583 PMCID: PMC6630829 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering6020031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This experimental study aimed to evaluate the ex-vivo three-dimensional (3-D) motion of the Inverted Arch Ring (IAR), an innovative new design concept for a flexible incomplete annuloplasty prosthesis with an incorporated stabilizing rigid arch that can be used in correcting mitral valve regurgitation. Twenty explanted porcine hearts were placed in a circulation simulation system. Ultrasonometry transducers implanted in the mitral annulus were used to measure the 3-D valvular motion during a simulated cardiac cycle. Annular distance measurements were recorded and compared in each heart before and after the implantation of the IAR prosthesis at pressures corresponding to mid-systole and mid-diastole. Distances measured in mid-systole and mid-diastole demonstrated no significant differences in annular motion or in valve areas either prior to or after IAR implantation. Therefore, the results of this study confirm the minimal effects exerted by the IAR prosthesis on the mitral valve’s 3-D motion during a simulated cardiac cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Caimmi
- Department of Medical Direction of University Hospital of Novara, Corso Mazzini 18, 28100 Novara, Italy.
| | - Emmanoui Kapetanakis
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, "Attikon" University Hospital, 12462 Athens, Greece.
| | - Carla Beggino
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital of Novara, 28100 Novara, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Vacca
- Department of Experimental Surgery, University Hospital of Novara, 28100 Novara, Italy.
- Department of Physiology, University of Eastern Piedmont "Amedeo Avogadro", 28100 Novara, Italy.
| | - Elena Grossini
- Department of Experimental Surgery, University Hospital of Novara, 28100 Novara, Italy.
- Department of Physiology, University of Eastern Piedmont "Amedeo Avogadro", 28100 Novara, Italy.
| | - Florian Stratica
- Department of Medical Direction of University Hospital of Novara, Corso Mazzini 18, 28100 Novara, Italy.
| | - Roberto Sacco
- Department of Medical Direction of University Hospital of Novara, Corso Mazzini 18, 28100 Novara, Italy.
| | - Andrea Capponi
- Department of Medical Direction of University Hospital of Novara, Corso Mazzini 18, 28100 Novara, Italy.
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Gramaglia C, Gambaro E, Vecchi C, Licandro D, Raina G, Pisani C, Burgio V, Farruggio S, Rolla R, Deantonio L, Grossini E, Krengli M, Zeppegno P. Outcomes of music therapy interventions in cancer patients-A review of the literature. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2019; 138:241-254. [PMID: 31121392 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Effectiveness of music-based interventions (MI) on cancer patients' anxiety, depression, pain and quality of life (QoL) is a current research theme. MI are highly variable, making it challenging to compare studies. OBJECTIVE AND METHODS To summarize the evidence on MI in cancer patients, 40 studies were reviewed following the PRISMA statement. Studies were included if assessing at least one outcome among anxiety, depression, QoL and pain in patients aged ≥ 18, with an active oncological/onco-haematological diagnosis, participating to any kind of Music Therapy (MT), during/after surgery, chemotherapy or radiotherapy. RESULTS A positive effect of MI on the outcomes measured was supported. Greater reductions of anxiety and depression were observed in breast cancer patients. MI involving patients admitted to a hospital ward were less effective on QoL. CONCLUSION The increasing evidence about MI effectiveness, tolerability, feasibility and appreciation, supports the need of MI implementation in Oncology, Radiotherapy and Surgery wards, and promotion of knowledge among health operators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Gramaglia
- Psychiatry Institute, Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli 17, 28100, Novara, Italy; Psychiatry Ward, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Corso Mazzini 18, Novara, Via Solaroli 17, Italy.
| | - Eleonora Gambaro
- Psychiatry Institute, Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli 17, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Camilla Vecchi
- Psychiatry Institute, Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli 17, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Davide Licandro
- School of Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli 17, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Giulia Raina
- Laboratory of Physiology and Experimental Surgery, Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli 17, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Carla Pisani
- Radiotherapy Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Corso Mazzini 18, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Burgio
- Radiotherapy Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli 17, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Serena Farruggio
- Laboratory of Physiology and Experimental Surgery, Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli 17, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Roberta Rolla
- Clinical Chemistry Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Corso Mazzini 18, 28100, Novara, Italy; Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli 17, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Letizia Deantonio
- Radiotherapy Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli 17, 28100, Novara, Italy; Radiotherapy Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Corso Mazzini 18, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Elena Grossini
- Laboratory of Physiology and Experimental Surgery, Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli 17, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Marco Krengli
- Radiotherapy Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli 17, 28100, Novara, Italy; Radiotherapy Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Corso Mazzini 18, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Patrizia Zeppegno
- Psychiatry Institute, Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli 17, 28100, Novara, Italy; Psychiatry Ward, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Corso Mazzini 18, Novara, Via Solaroli 17, Italy
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Savoia P, Raina G, Camillo L, Farruggio S, Mary D, Veronese F, Graziola F, Zavattaro E, Tiberio R, Grossini E. Anti-oxidative effects of 17 β-estradiol and genistein in human skin fibroblasts and keratinocytes. J Dermatol Sci 2018; 92:62-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Grossini E, Farruggio S, Raina G, Mary D, Deiro G, Gentilli S. Effects of Genistein on Differentiation and Viability of Human Visceral Adipocytes. Nutrients 2018; 10:E978. [PMID: 30060502 PMCID: PMC6115928 DOI: 10.3390/nu10080978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity can lead to pathological growth of adipocytes by inducing inflammation and oxidative stress. Genistein could be a potential candidate for the treatment of obesity due to its antioxidant properties. Specific kits were used to examine the effects of genistein vs adiponectin on human visceral pre-adipocytes differentiation, cell viability, mitochondrial membrane potential, and oxidative stress in pre-adipocytes and in white/brown adipocytes. Western Blot was performed to examine changes in protein activation/expression. Genistein increased human visceral pre-adipocytes differentiation and browning, and caused a dose-related improvement of cell viability and mitochondrial membrane potential. Similar effects were observed in brown adipocytes and in white adipocytes, although in white cells the increase of cell viability was inversely related to the dose. Moreover, genistein potentiated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/mitofusin2 activation/expression in pre-adipocytes and white/brown adipocytes and protected them from the effects of hydrogen peroxide. The effects caused by genistein were similar to those of adiponectin. The results obtained showed that genistein increases human visceral pre-adipocytes differentiation and browning, protected against oxidative stress in pre-adipocytes and white/brown adipocytes through mechanisms related to AMPK-signalling and the keeping of mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Grossini
- Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy.
- Experimental Surgery, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Corso Mazzini 36, 28100 Novara, Italy.
- AGING Project, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy.
| | - Serena Farruggio
- Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy.
- AGING Project, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy.
| | - Giulia Raina
- Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy.
- AGING Project, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy.
| | - David Mary
- Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy.
| | - Giacomo Deiro
- General Surgery Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy.
| | - Sergio Gentilli
- General Surgery Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy.
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Tesse A, Grossini E, Tamma G, Brenner C, Portincasa P, Marinelli RA, Calamita G. Aquaporins as Targets of Dietary Bioactive Phytocompounds. Front Mol Biosci 2018; 5:30. [PMID: 29721498 PMCID: PMC5915544 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2018.00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant-derived bioactive compounds have protective role for plants but may also modulate several physiological processes of plant consumers. In the last years, a wide spectrum of phytochemicals have been found to be beneficial to health interacting with molecular signaling pathways underlying critical functions such as cell growth and differentiation, apoptosis, autophagy, inflammation, redox balance, cell volume regulation, metabolic homeostasis, and energy balance. Hence, a large number of biologically active phytocompounds of foods have been isolated, characterized, and eventually modified representing a natural source of novel molecules to prevent, delay or cure several human diseases. Aquaporins (AQPs), a family of membrane channel proteins involved in many body functions, are emerging among the targets of bioactive phytochemicals in imparting their beneficial actions. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of this fast growing topic focusing especially on what it is known on the modulatory effects played by several edible plant and herbal compounds on AQPs, both in health and disease. Phytochemical modulation of AQP expression may provide new medical treatment options to improve the prognosis of several diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Tesse
- Centre National de La Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, l'Institut du Thorax, Universitè de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Elena Grossini
- Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Translational Medicine, University East Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Grazia Tamma
- Department of Biosciences, Biotecnhologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Catherine Brenner
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR-S 1180-LabEx LERMIT, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay Malabry, France
| | - Piero Portincasa
- Clinica Medica "A. Murri", Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Medical School, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Raul A Marinelli
- Instituto de Fisiología Experimental, CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Giuseppe Calamita
- Department of Biosciences, Biotecnhologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
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Genoni G, Menegon V, Secco GG, Sonzini M, Martelli M, Castagno M, Ricotti R, Monzani A, Aronici M, Grossini E, Di Mario C, Bona G, Bellone S, Prodam F. Insulin resistance, serum uric acid and metabolic syndrome are linked to cardiovascular dysfunction in pediatric obesity. Int J Cardiol 2017; 249:366-371. [PMID: 28935462 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2017.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Childhood obesity is associated with cardiovascular abnormalities but little is known on the potential correlation between early cardiovascular and metabolic alterations. AIM Aims of this study were 1) to evaluate early cardiovascular abnormalities in a large population of obese children and adolescents compared with a normal weight counterpart, 2) to investigate their potential association with insulin resistance (IR), serum uric acid (sUA) and metabolic syndrome (MetS). METHODS This was a single-center case-control study. Eighty obese (OB) subjects (6-16years) and 20 normal weight (NW) matched controls were consecutively recruited. In the whole population we performed an anthropometric and a cardiovascular assessment. OB patients also underwent an OGTT and biochemical evaluations. RESULTS OB children showed greater left atrial (LA) and ventricular (LV) dimensions and mass and higher carotid artery intima-media thickness (CIMT), compared with NW controls. The BMI z-score, waist circumference, IR and sUA were positively related with LA and LV dimensions and mass. OB subjects with MetS (46.3%) showed greater LA diameter (p=0.001) and LV area (p=0.01) and volume (p=0.04) compared with OB children without MetS. LA diameter and LV dimensions and mass were significantly dependent on the number of criteria for MetS. Mets, sUA and IR were significant predictors of left heart dimensions and mass in obese children. CONCLUSIONS Obesity and MetS are associated with abnormal cardiovascular response during childhood. Hyperuricemia can be an early marker of cardiovascular dysfunction and the routine determination of circulating levels of sUA should be implemented during risk stratification among pediatric age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Genoni
- Division of Pediatrics, Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Veronica Menegon
- Vascular Surgery, Maggiore della Carità University Hospital, Novara, Italy
| | - Gioel Gabrio Secco
- Interventional Cardiology, Santi Antonio, Biagio e Cesare Arrigo Hospital, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Michela Sonzini
- Division of Pediatrics, Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | | | - Matteo Castagno
- Division of Pediatrics, Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Roberta Ricotti
- Division of Pediatrics, Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Alice Monzani
- Division of Pediatrics, Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy.
| | - Michele Aronici
- Vascular Surgery, Maggiore della Carità University Hospital, Novara, Italy
| | - Elena Grossini
- Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Carlo Di Mario
- Structural Interventional Cardiology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Gianni Bona
- Division of Pediatrics, Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Simonetta Bellone
- Division of Pediatrics, Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Flavia Prodam
- Division of Pediatrics, Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
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Anchisi C, Marti G, Bellacosa I, Mary D, Vacca G, Marino P, Grossini E. Coronary flow reserve/diastolic function relationship in angina-suffering patients with normal coronary angiography. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown) 2017; 18:325-331. [PMID: 26657083 DOI: 10.2459/jcm.0000000000000344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Coronary blood flow and diastolic function are well known to interfere with each other through mechanical and metabolic mechanisms. We aimed to assess the relationship between coronary flow reserve (CFR) and diastolic dysfunction in patients suffering from angina but with normal coronary angiography. METHODS In 16 patients with chest pain and angiographically normal coronary arteries, CFR was measured using transthoracic echo-Doppler by inducing hyperemia through dipyridamole infusion. Diastolic function (E/A, deceleration time, isovolumetric relaxation time [IVRT], propagation velocity [Vp]) and left ventricular mass were evaluated by means of two-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography. RESULTS The patients were initially divided into two groups on the grounds of CFR only (ACFR: altered CFR, n = 9; NACFR: unaltered CFR, n = 7). Thereafter they were divided into four groups on the grounds of CFR and diastolic function (NN: normal; AA: altered CFR/diastole; AN: altered CFR/normal diastole; NA: normal CFR/altered diastole). Most of the subjects were scheduled in AA (n = 8) or NA (n = 5) groups, which were taken into consideration for further analysis. Patients were not different regarding various risk factors. ACFR and AA patients were older with normal body weight in comparison with NACFR and NA patients (P < 0.05). In the AA group, CFR and diastolic variables were found to be related to each other. CONCLUSION Diastolic dysfunction and reduced CFR were correlated in patients with concomitant alterations of those variables only. Because most risk factors were shared with patients with altered diastolic properties only, our findings could represent a direct relationship between altered CFR and diastole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Anchisi
- aCardiology Clinic bLaboratory of Physiology and Experimental Surgery, Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale 'A. Avogadro,' AOU 'Maggiore della Carità', Novara, Italy
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De Cillà SD, Farruggio S, Vujosevic S, Raina G, Filippini D, Gatti V, Clemente N, Mary D, Vezzola D, Casini G, Rossetti L, Grossini E. Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors Protect Retinal Pigment Epithelium Cells Against Oxidation by Modulating Nitric Oxide Release and Autophagy. Cell Physiol Biochem 2017; 42:1725-1738. [PMID: 28743128 DOI: 10.1159/000479441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS the anti-vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF), Aflibercept and Ranibizumab, are used for the treatment of macular degeneration. Here we examined the involvement of nitric oxide (NO), mitochondria function and of apoptosis/autophagy in their antioxidant effects in human retinal pigment epithelium cells (RPE). METHODS RPE were exposed to Ranibizumab/Aflibercept in the absence or presence of NO synthase (NOS) inhibitor and of autophagy activator/blocker, rapamicyn/3-methyladenine. Specific kits were used for cell viability, NO and reactive oxygen species detection and mitochondrial membrane potential measurement, whereas Western Blot was performed for apoptosis/ autophagy markers and other kinases detection. RESULTS In RPE cultured in physiological conditions, Aflibercept/Ranibizumab increased NO release in a dose and time-dependent way. Opposite results were obtained in RPE pretreated with hydrogen peroxide. Moreover, both the anti-VEGF agents were able to prevent the fall of cell viability and of mitochondrial membrane potential. Those effects were reduced by the NOS inhibitor and 3-methyladenine and were potentiated by rapamycin. Finally, Aflibercept and Ranibizumab counteracted the changes of apoptosis/autophagy markers, NOS, Phosphatidylinositol-3-Kinase/Protein Kinase B and Extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 caused by peroxidation. CONCLUSION Aflibercept and Ranibizumab protect RPE against peroxidation through the modulation of NO release, apoptosis and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano De De Cillà
- Oculistic Unit, Dept. Health Sciences, University East Piedmont, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy
| | - Serena Farruggio
- Lab. Physiology/Experimental Surgery, Dept. Translational Medicine, University East Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Stela Vujosevic
- Eye Clinic, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy
| | - Giulia Raina
- Lab. Physiology/Experimental Surgery, Dept. Translational Medicine, University East Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Davide Filippini
- Lab. Physiology/Experimental Surgery, Dept. Translational Medicine, University East Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Valentina Gatti
- Oculistic Unit, Dept. Health Sciences, University East Piedmont, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy.,Lab. Physiology/Experimental Surgery, Dept. Translational Medicine, University East Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Nausicaa Clemente
- Lab. Immunology, IRCAD, Dept. Health Sciences, University East Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - David Mary
- Lab. Physiology/Experimental Surgery, Dept. Translational Medicine, University East Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Diego Vezzola
- Oculistic Unit, Dept. Health Sciences, University East Piedmont, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy
| | - Giamberto Casini
- Dept. Surgical, Medical, Molecular and Critical Area Pathology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Luca Rossetti
- Eye Clinic, San Paolo Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Grossini
- Lab. Physiology/Experimental Surgery, Dept. Translational Medicine, University East Piedmont, Novara, Italy
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Surico D, Ercoli A, Farruggio S, Raina G, Filippini D, Mary D, Minisini R, Surico N, Pirisi M, Grossini E. Modulation of Oxidative Stress by 17 β-Estradiol and Genistein in Human Hepatic Cell Lines In Vitro. Cell Physiol Biochem 2017; 42:1051-1062. [PMID: 28662498 DOI: 10.1159/000478752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS estrogens and phytoestrogens exert hepatoprotection through mechanisms not clearly examined yet. Here, we investigated the protective effects exerted by 17β-estradiol and genistein against oxidative stress in hepatocytes and hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and the involvement of specific receptors and the intracellular signalling. METHODS Huh7.5 and LX-2, alone or in co-culture with Huh7.5, were treated with 17β-estradiol and genistein alone or in the presence of menadione and of estrogen receptors (ERs) and G protein-coupled-estrogenic-receptors (GPER) blockers. Cell viability, mitochondrial membrane potential and oxidant/antioxidant system were measured by specific kits. Western Blot was used for the analysis of Akt and p38-mitogen-activated-protein kinases (MAPK) activation and α-smooth-muscle actin expression. RESULTS In Huh7.5, 17β-estradiol and genistein prevented the effects of peroxidation by modulating Akt and p38MAPK activation. Similar antioxidant and protective findings were obtained in LX-2 of co-culture experiments, only. ERs and GPER blockers were able to prevent the effects of 17β-estradiol and genistein. CONCLUSION In Huh7.5 and LX-2, 17β-estradiol and genistein counteract the effects of peroxidation through the involvement of ERs and GPER and by an intracellular signalling related to Akt and p38MAPK. As concerning LX-2, paracrine factors released by Huh7.5 play a key role in protection against oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Giulia Raina
- Lab. Physiology/Experimental Surgery, Novara, Italy
| | | | - David Mary
- Lab. Physiology/Experimental Surgery, Novara, Italy
| | - Rosalba Minisini
- Clinical Medical Unit, Dept. of Translational Medicine, University East Piedmont "A. Avogadro", Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy
| | | | - Mario Pirisi
- Clinical Medical Unit, Dept. of Translational Medicine, University East Piedmont "A. Avogadro", Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy
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Magri A, Barbaglia MN, Foglia CZ, Boccato E, Burlone ME, Cole S, Giarda P, Grossini E, Patel AH, Minisini R, Pirisi M. 17,β-estradiol inhibits hepatitis C virus mainly by interference with the release phase of its life cycle. Liver Int 2017; 37:669-677. [PMID: 27885811 PMCID: PMC5448036 DOI: 10.1111/liv.13303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Oestrogen and oestrogen-mediated signalling protect from hepatitis C virus through incompletely understood mechanisms. We aimed to ascertain which phase(s) of hepatitis C virus life cycle is/are affected by oestrogens. METHODS Huh7 cells infected with the JFH1 virus (genotype 2a) were exposed to dehydroepiandrosterone, testosterone, progesterone and 17β-estradiol (tested with/without its receptor antagonist fulvestrant). Dose-response curves were established to calculate half maximal inhibitory concentration values. To dissect how 17β-estradiol interferes with phases of hepatitis C virus life cycle, its effects were measured on the hepatitis C virus pseudo-particle system (viral entry), the subgenomic replicon N17/JFH1 and the replicon cell line Huh7-J17 (viral replication). Finally, in a dual-step infection model, infectious supernatants, collected from infected cells exposed to hormones, were used to infect naïve cells. RESULTS Progesterone and testosterone showed no inhibitory effect on hepatitis C virus; dehydroepiandrosterone was only mildly inhibitory. In contrast, 17β-estradiol inhibited infection by 64%-67% (IC50 values 140-160 nmol/L). Fulvestrant reverted the inhibition by 17β-estradiol in a dose-dependent manner. 17β-estradiol exerted only a slight inhibition (<20%) on hepatitis C virus pseudo-particles, and had no effect on cells either transiently or stably (Huh7-J17 cells) expressing the N17/JFH1 replicon. In the dual-step infection model, a significant half maximal inhibitory concentration decline occurred between primary (134 nmol/L) and secondary (100 nmol/L) infections (P=.02), with extracellular hepatitis C virus RNA and infectivity being reduced to a higher degree in comparison to its intracellular counterpart. CONCLUSIONS 17β-estradiol inhibits hepatitis C virus acting through its intracellular receptors, mainly interfering with late phases (assembly/release) of the hepatitis C virus life cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Magri
- Department of Translational MedicineUniversità del Piemonte OrientaleNovaraItaly,MRC‐University of Glasgow Centre for Virus ResearchGlasgowUK
| | - Matteo N. Barbaglia
- Department of Translational MedicineUniversità del Piemonte OrientaleNovaraItaly
| | - Chiara Z. Foglia
- Department of Translational MedicineUniversità del Piemonte OrientaleNovaraItaly
| | - Elisa Boccato
- Department of Translational MedicineUniversità del Piemonte OrientaleNovaraItaly
| | - Michela E. Burlone
- Department of Translational MedicineUniversità del Piemonte OrientaleNovaraItaly,CRRF Mons. Luigi NovareseMoncrivelloVercelliItaly
| | - Sarah Cole
- MRC‐University of Glasgow Centre for Virus ResearchGlasgowUK
| | - Paola Giarda
- Department of Translational MedicineUniversità del Piemonte OrientaleNovaraItaly
| | - Elena Grossini
- Department of Translational MedicineUniversità del Piemonte OrientaleNovaraItaly
| | - Arvind H. Patel
- MRC‐University of Glasgow Centre for Virus ResearchGlasgowUK
| | - Rosalba Minisini
- Department of Translational MedicineUniversità del Piemonte OrientaleNovaraItaly
| | - Mario Pirisi
- Department of Translational MedicineUniversità del Piemonte OrientaleNovaraItaly
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Sabbatini M, Grossini E, Molinari C, Mary DASG, Vacca G, Cannas M. Gastric distension causes changes in heart rate and arterial blood pressure by affecting the crosstalk between vagal and splanchnic systems in anesthetised rats. Exp Brain Res 2017; 235:1081-1095. [PMID: 28091707 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-016-4819-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Various hindbrain nuclei have been demonstrated to be involved in the control of the cardiovascular reflexes elicited by both non-noxious and noxious gastric distension, through parasympathetic and sympathetic activation. The different role played by the branches of autonomic nervous system in exerting these effects and their crosstalk in relation to low-/high-pressure distension rate has not been examined yet. Therefore, in the present work, monolateral and bilateral vagotomy and splanchnicotomy were performed in anesthetised rats to analyse the involvement of hindbrain nuclei in haemodynamic changes caused by gastric distension at high (80 mmHg) and low (15 mmHg) pressure. The analysis of c-Fos expression in neuronal areas involved in cardiovascular control allowed us to examine their recruitment in response to various patterns of gastric distension and the crosstalk between vagal and splanchnic systems. The results obtained show that the low-pressure (non-noxious) gastric distension increases both heart rate and arterial blood pressure. In addition, the vagus nerve and hindbrain nuclei, such as nucleus ambiguous, ventrolateral medulla and lateral reticular nucleus, appear to be primarily involved in observed responses. In particular, we have found that although vagus nerve plays a central role in exerting those cardiovascular reflex changes at low gastric distension, for its functional expression an intact splanchnic system is mandatory. Hence, the absence of splanchnic input attenuates pressor responses or turns them into depressor responses. Instead at high-pressure (noxious) gastric distension, the splanchnic nerve represents the primary component in regulating the reflex cardiovascular effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Sabbatini
- Department of Science and Technology Innovation, University of Eastern Piedmont, UPO, T. Michel, 11, Alessandria, 15121, Italia.
| | - Elena Grossini
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, UPO, Novara, Italia
| | - Claudio Molinari
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, UPO, Novara, Italia
| | - David A S G Mary
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, UPO, Novara, Italia
| | - Giovanni Vacca
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, UPO, Novara, Italia
| | - Mario Cannas
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont, UPO, Novara, Italia
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Gramaglia C, Rizza MC, Gattoni E, Gambaro E, Di Marco S, Coppola I, Rossi A, Jona A, Imperatori F, Prosperini P, Chieppa N, Binda V, Farruggio S, Grossini E, Zeppegno P. Asenapine in clinical practice: preliminary results from a naturalistic observational study. Riv Psichiatr 2016; 49:241-6. [PMID: 25668625 DOI: 10.1708/1766.19122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Asenapine, a second-generation antipsychotic, seems to be an effective and tolerable alternative to other treatments for patients with manic or mixed episodes. The objective of our naturalistic observational study was to identify asenapine responders and remitters and to compare responders vs. non-responders and remitters vs. non-remitters, as far as clinical and socio-demographic features are concerned. MATERIALS AND METHODS We recruited patients with diagnosis of manic episode in bipolar I (BD I) or schizoaffective disorder, with clinical indication to asenapine treatment. Patients’ assessment was performed at baseline (T0), after 1 week (T1) and after 4 weeks (T2) of treatment, with the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS; T0,T1,T2) and Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D; T0, T2). According to YMRS scores, we classified patients as early improvers, treatment responders, and treatment remitters. RESULTS A significant decrease was found in HAM-D scores from baseline to T2, with no significant difference between remitters and non-remitters or responders vs. non-responders.The YMRS score significantly improved from baseline to T2, with a significant difference between remitters and non-remitters, but not between responders and non-responders. No difference was found between responders and non-responders as far as socio-demographic and clinical variables, and questionnaire baseline scores are concerned. Remitters and non-remitters showed significant differences in baseline YMRS scores, which were lower in the first and in the type of current episode, which was more frequently moderate in the former than in the latter. CONCLUSIONS Early improvers comprised 51% of subjects, responders comprised 91.9% and remitters comprised 59.4%. Elderly manic patients with neurological impairment and/or dementia may have poorer therapeutic outcomes. Our results suggest that: 1) decision regarding treatment discontinuation should be cautious in patients who fail to have an early response to asenapine; 2) different diagnosis (BDor schizoaffective disorder) does not seem to have a significant impact on asenapine efficacy; 3) remission with asenapine is more likely to happen for less severe manic episodes. Further naturalistic studies on larger samples are required to support our findings.
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Grossini E, Farruggio S, Qoqaiche F, Raina G, Camillo L, Sigaudo L, Mary D, Surico N, Surico D. Monomeric adiponectin modulates nitric oxide release and calcium movements in porcine aortic endothelial cells in normal/high glucose conditions. Life Sci 2016; 161:1-9. [PMID: 27469459 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Perivascular adipose tissue can be involved in the process of cardiovascular pathology through the release of adipokines, namely adiponectins. Monomeric adiponectin has been shown to increase coronary blood flow in anesthetized pigs through increased nitric oxide (NO) release and the involvement of adiponectin receptor 1 (AdipoR1). The present study was therefore planned to examine the effects of monomeric adiponectin on NO release and Ca(2+) transients in porcine aortic endothelial cells (PAEs) in normal/high glucose conditions and the related mechanisms. MAIN METHODS PAEs were treated with monomeric adiponectin alone or in the presence of intracellular kinases blocker, AdipoR1 and Ca(2+)-ATPase pump inhibitors. The role of Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger was examined in experiments performed in zero Na(+) medium. NO release and intracellular Ca(2+) were measured through specific probes. KEY FINDINGS In PAE cultured in normal glucose conditions, monomeric adiponectin elevated NO production and [Ca(2+)]c. Similar effects were observed in high glucose conditions, although the response was lower and not transient. The Ca(2+) mobilized by monomeric adiponectin originated from an intracellular pool thapsigargin- and ATP-sensitive and from the extracellular space. Moreover, the effects of monomeric adiponectin were prevented by kinase blockers and AdipoR1 inhibitor. Finally, in normal glucose condition, a role for Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger and Ca(2+)-ATPase pump in restoring Ca(2+) was found. SIGNIFICANCE Our results add new information about the control of endothelial function elicited by monomeric adiponectin, which would be achieved by modulation of NO release and Ca(2+) transients. A signalling related to Akt, ERK1/2 and p38MAPK downstream AdipoR1 would be involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Grossini
- Lab. Physiology/Experimental Surgery, Dept. of Translational Medicine, University Eastern Piedmont "A. Avogadro", Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Corso Mazzini 36, Novara, Via Solaroli 17, Italy.
| | - Serena Farruggio
- Lab. Physiology/Experimental Surgery, Dept. of Translational Medicine, University Eastern Piedmont "A. Avogadro", Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Corso Mazzini 36, Novara, Via Solaroli 17, Italy
| | - Fatima Qoqaiche
- Lab. Physiology/Experimental Surgery, Dept. of Translational Medicine, University Eastern Piedmont "A. Avogadro", Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Corso Mazzini 36, Novara, Via Solaroli 17, Italy
| | - Giulia Raina
- Lab. Physiology/Experimental Surgery, Dept. of Translational Medicine, University Eastern Piedmont "A. Avogadro", Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Corso Mazzini 36, Novara, Via Solaroli 17, Italy
| | - Lara Camillo
- Lab. Physiology/Experimental Surgery, Dept. of Translational Medicine, University Eastern Piedmont "A. Avogadro", Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Corso Mazzini 36, Novara, Via Solaroli 17, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Sigaudo
- Lab. Physiology/Experimental Surgery, Dept. of Translational Medicine, University Eastern Piedmont "A. Avogadro", Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Corso Mazzini 36, Novara, Via Solaroli 17, Italy
| | - David Mary
- Lab. Physiology/Experimental Surgery, Dept. of Translational Medicine, University Eastern Piedmont "A. Avogadro", Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Corso Mazzini 36, Novara, Via Solaroli 17, Italy
| | - Nicola Surico
- Gynecologic Unit, Dept. of Translational Medicine, University Eastern Piedmont "A. Avogadro", Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Corso Mazzini 36, Novara, Via Solaroli 17, Italy
| | - Daniela Surico
- Gynecologic Unit, Dept. of Translational Medicine, University Eastern Piedmont "A. Avogadro", Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Corso Mazzini 36, Novara, Via Solaroli 17, Italy
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Grossini E, Raina G, Farruggio S, Camillo L, Molinari C, Mary D, Walker GE, Bona G, Vacca G, Moia S, Prodam F, Surico D. Intracoronary Des-Acyl Ghrelin Acutely Increases Cardiac Perfusion Through a Nitric Oxide-Related Mechanism in Female Anesthetized Pigs. Endocrinology 2016; 157:2403-15. [PMID: 27100620 DOI: 10.1210/en.2015-1922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Des-acyl ghrelin (DAG), the most abundant form of ghrelin in humans, has been found to reduce arterial blood pressure and prevent cardiac and endothelial cell apoptosis. Despite this, data regarding its direct effect on cardiac function and coronary blood flow, as well as the related involvement of autonomic nervous system and nitric oxide (NO), are scarce. We therefore examined these issues using both in vivo and in vitro studies. In 20 anesthetized pigs, intracoronary 100 pmol/mL DAG infusion with a constant heart rate and aortic blood pressure, increased coronary blood flow and NO release, whereas reducing coronary vascular resistances (P < .05). Dose responses to DAG were evaluated in five pigs. No effects on cardiac contractility/relaxation or myocardial oxygen consumption were observed. Moreover, whereas the blockade of muscarinic cholinoceptors (n = 5) or α- and β-adrenoceptors (n = 5 each) did not abolish the observed responses, NO synthase inhibition (n = 5) prevented the effects of DAG on coronary blood flow and NO release. In coronary artery endothelial cells, DAG dose dependently increased NO release through cAMP signaling and ERK1/2, Akt, and p38 MAPK involvement as well as the phosphorylation of endothelial NO synthase. In conclusion, in anesthetized pigs, DAG primarily increased cardiac perfusion through the involvement of NO release. Moreover, the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and Akt appears to play roles in eliciting the observed NO production in coronary artery endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Grossini
- Laboratory Physiology/Experimental Surgery (E.G., G.R., S.F., L.C., C.M., D.M., G.V., D.S.), Department of Translational Medicine, and Pediatric Unit (G.E.W., G.B., S.M., F.P.), Department of Health Sciences, University E Piedmont "A. Avogadro," Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, I-12800 Novara, Italy
| | - Giulia Raina
- Laboratory Physiology/Experimental Surgery (E.G., G.R., S.F., L.C., C.M., D.M., G.V., D.S.), Department of Translational Medicine, and Pediatric Unit (G.E.W., G.B., S.M., F.P.), Department of Health Sciences, University E Piedmont "A. Avogadro," Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, I-12800 Novara, Italy
| | - Serena Farruggio
- Laboratory Physiology/Experimental Surgery (E.G., G.R., S.F., L.C., C.M., D.M., G.V., D.S.), Department of Translational Medicine, and Pediatric Unit (G.E.W., G.B., S.M., F.P.), Department of Health Sciences, University E Piedmont "A. Avogadro," Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, I-12800 Novara, Italy
| | - Lara Camillo
- Laboratory Physiology/Experimental Surgery (E.G., G.R., S.F., L.C., C.M., D.M., G.V., D.S.), Department of Translational Medicine, and Pediatric Unit (G.E.W., G.B., S.M., F.P.), Department of Health Sciences, University E Piedmont "A. Avogadro," Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, I-12800 Novara, Italy
| | - Claudio Molinari
- Laboratory Physiology/Experimental Surgery (E.G., G.R., S.F., L.C., C.M., D.M., G.V., D.S.), Department of Translational Medicine, and Pediatric Unit (G.E.W., G.B., S.M., F.P.), Department of Health Sciences, University E Piedmont "A. Avogadro," Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, I-12800 Novara, Italy
| | - David Mary
- Laboratory Physiology/Experimental Surgery (E.G., G.R., S.F., L.C., C.M., D.M., G.V., D.S.), Department of Translational Medicine, and Pediatric Unit (G.E.W., G.B., S.M., F.P.), Department of Health Sciences, University E Piedmont "A. Avogadro," Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, I-12800 Novara, Italy
| | - Gillian Elisabeth Walker
- Laboratory Physiology/Experimental Surgery (E.G., G.R., S.F., L.C., C.M., D.M., G.V., D.S.), Department of Translational Medicine, and Pediatric Unit (G.E.W., G.B., S.M., F.P.), Department of Health Sciences, University E Piedmont "A. Avogadro," Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, I-12800 Novara, Italy
| | - Gianni Bona
- Laboratory Physiology/Experimental Surgery (E.G., G.R., S.F., L.C., C.M., D.M., G.V., D.S.), Department of Translational Medicine, and Pediatric Unit (G.E.W., G.B., S.M., F.P.), Department of Health Sciences, University E Piedmont "A. Avogadro," Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, I-12800 Novara, Italy
| | - Giovanni Vacca
- Laboratory Physiology/Experimental Surgery (E.G., G.R., S.F., L.C., C.M., D.M., G.V., D.S.), Department of Translational Medicine, and Pediatric Unit (G.E.W., G.B., S.M., F.P.), Department of Health Sciences, University E Piedmont "A. Avogadro," Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, I-12800 Novara, Italy
| | - Stefania Moia
- Laboratory Physiology/Experimental Surgery (E.G., G.R., S.F., L.C., C.M., D.M., G.V., D.S.), Department of Translational Medicine, and Pediatric Unit (G.E.W., G.B., S.M., F.P.), Department of Health Sciences, University E Piedmont "A. Avogadro," Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, I-12800 Novara, Italy
| | - Flavia Prodam
- Laboratory Physiology/Experimental Surgery (E.G., G.R., S.F., L.C., C.M., D.M., G.V., D.S.), Department of Translational Medicine, and Pediatric Unit (G.E.W., G.B., S.M., F.P.), Department of Health Sciences, University E Piedmont "A. Avogadro," Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, I-12800 Novara, Italy
| | - Daniela Surico
- Laboratory Physiology/Experimental Surgery (E.G., G.R., S.F., L.C., C.M., D.M., G.V., D.S.), Department of Translational Medicine, and Pediatric Unit (G.E.W., G.B., S.M., F.P.), Department of Health Sciences, University E Piedmont "A. Avogadro," Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, I-12800 Novara, Italy
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Grossini E, Gramaglia C, Farruggio S, Camillo L, Mary D, Vacca G, Zeppegno P. Asenapine modulates nitric oxide release and calcium movements in cardiomyoblasts. J Pharmacol Pharmacother 2016; 7:6-14. [PMID: 27127388 PMCID: PMC4831496 DOI: 10.4103/0976-500x.179358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the effects of asenapine on nitric oxide (NO) release and Ca(2+) transients in H9C2 cell line, which were either subjected to peroxidation or not. MATERIALS AND METHODS H9C2 were treated with asenapine alone or in presence of intracellular kinase blockers, serotoninergic and dopaminergic antagonists, and voltage Ca(2+) channels inhibitors. Experiments were also performed in H9C2 treated with hydrogen peroxide. NO release and intracellular Ca(2+) were measured through specific probes. RESULTS In H9C2, asenapine differently modulated NO release and Ca(2+) movements depending on peroxidative condition. The Ca(2+) pool mobilized by asenapine mainly originated from the extracellular space and was slightly affected by thapsigargin. Moreover, the effects of asenapine were reduced or prevented by kinases blockers, dopaminergic and serotoninergic receptors inhibitors, and voltage Ca(2+) channels blockers. CONCLUSIONS On the basis of our findings, we can conclude that asenapine by interacting with its specific receptors, exerts dual effects on NO release and Ca(2+) homeostasis in H9C2; this would be of particular clinical relevance when considering their role in cardiac function modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Grossini
- Department of Translational Medicine, Laboratory of Physiology and Experimental Surgery, University of Eastern Piedmont "A. Avogadro", Via Solaroli 17, I-28100, Novara, Italy; Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore Della Carità, Corso Mazzini 36, Novara, Italy
| | - Carla Gramaglia
- Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore Della Carità, Corso Mazzini 36, Novara, Italy; Department of Translational Medicine, Psichiatric Unit, University of Eastern Piedmont "A. Avogadro", Via Solaroli 17, I-28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Serena Farruggio
- Department of Translational Medicine, Laboratory of Physiology and Experimental Surgery, University of Eastern Piedmont "A. Avogadro", Via Solaroli 17, I-28100, Novara, Italy; Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore Della Carità, Corso Mazzini 36, Novara, Italy
| | - Lara Camillo
- Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore Della Carità, Corso Mazzini 36, Novara, Italy; Department of Translational Medicine, Psichiatric Unit, University of Eastern Piedmont "A. Avogadro", Via Solaroli 17, I-28100, Novara, Italy
| | - David Mary
- Department of Translational Medicine, Laboratory of Physiology and Experimental Surgery, University of Eastern Piedmont "A. Avogadro", Via Solaroli 17, I-28100, Novara, Italy; Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore Della Carità, Corso Mazzini 36, Novara, Italy
| | - Giovanni Vacca
- Department of Translational Medicine, Laboratory of Physiology and Experimental Surgery, University of Eastern Piedmont "A. Avogadro", Via Solaroli 17, I-28100, Novara, Italy; Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore Della Carità, Corso Mazzini 36, Novara, Italy
| | - Patrizia Zeppegno
- Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore Della Carità, Corso Mazzini 36, Novara, Italy; Department of Translational Medicine, Psichiatric Unit, University of Eastern Piedmont "A. Avogadro", Via Solaroli 17, I-28100, Novara, Italy
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Cantello R, Magistrelli L, Terazzi E, Grossini E. Abnormal postural reflexes in a patient with pontine ischaemia. BMJ Case Rep 2015; 2015:bcr-2015-210616. [PMID: 26561222 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2015-210616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The control of body posture is a complex activity that needs a very close relationship between different structures, such as the vestibular system, and the muscle and joint receptors of the neck. Damage of even one of these structures can lead to abnormal postural reflexes. We describe a case of a woman with a left pontine ischaemia who developed a 'dystonic' extensor posture of the left limbs while turned on the right side. This clinical picture differs from previous reports on the subject, and may relate to ischaemic damage of a pontine structure involved in posture control, or of adjacent neural connections to be yet identified. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case reported in the literature. Clinical examples of an altered interplay between vestibular and neck receptors are rare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Cantello
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Luca Magistrelli
- Section of Neurology, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont "Amedeo Avogadro", Novara, Italy
| | - Emanuela Terazzi
- Section of Neurology, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont "Amedeo Avogadro", Novara, Italy
| | - Elena Grossini
- Department of Translational Medicine, Laboratory of Physiology and Experimental Surgery, University of Eastern Piedmont "Amedeo Avogadro", Novara, Italy
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Surico D, Farruggio S, Marotta P, Raina G, Mary D, Surico N, Vacca G, Grossini E. Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Protects Vascular Endothelial Cells from Oxidative Stress by Apoptosis Inhibition, Cell Survival Signalling Activation and Mitochondrial Function Protection. Cell Physiol Biochem 2015; 36:2108-20. [DOI: 10.1159/000430178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aim: Previous reports have made it hypothetically possible that human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) could protect against the onset of pregnancy-related pathological conditions by acting as an antioxidant. In the present study we planned to examine the effects of hCG against oxidative stress in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). Methods: HUVEC were subjected to peroxidation by hydrogen peroxide. The modulation of nitric oxide (NO) release by hCG and its effects on cell viability, glutathione (GSH) levels, mitochondrial membrane potential and mitochondrial transition pore opening (MPTP) were examined by specific dyes. Endothelial and inducible NO synthase (eNOS and iNOS), Akt and extracellular -signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) activation and markers of apoptosis were analyzed by Western Blot. Results: In HUVEC, hCG reduced NO release by modulating eNOS and iNOS. Moreover, hCG protected HUVEC against oxidative stress by preventing GSH reduction and apoptosis, by maintaining Akt and ERK1/2 activation and by keeping mitochondrial function. Conclusion: The present results have for the first time shown protective effects exerted by hCG on vascular endothelial function, which would be achieved by modulation of NO release, antioxidant and antiapoptotic actions and activation of cell survival signalling. These findings could have clinical implications in the management of pregnancy-related disorders.
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Grossini E, Marotta P, Farruggio S, Sigaudo L, Qoqaiche F, Raina G, de Giuli V, Mary D, Vacca G, Pollastro F. Effects of Artemetin on Nitric Oxide Release and Protection against Peroxidative Injuries in Porcine Coronary Artery Endothelial Cells. Phytother Res 2015; 29:1339-1348. [PMID: 26032176 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Revised: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Artemetin is one of the main components of Achillea millefolium L. and Artemisia absinthium, which have long been used for the treatment of various diseases. To date, however, available information about protective effects of their extracts on the cardiovascular system is scarce. Therefore, we planned to analyze the effects of artemetin on nitric oxide (NO) release and the protection exerted against oxidation in porcine aortic endothelial (PAE) cells. In PAE, we examined the modulation of NO release caused by artemetin and the involvement of muscarinic receptors, β2-adrenoreceptors, estrogenic receptors (ER), protein-kinase A, phospholipase-C, endothelial-NO-synthase (eNOS), Akt, extracellular-signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) and p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK). Moreover, in cells treated with hydrogen peroxide, the effects of artemetin were examined on cell survival, glutathione (GSH) levels, apoptosis, mitochondrial membrane potential and transition pore opening. Artemetin increased eNOS-dependent NO production by the involvement of muscarinic receptors, β2-adrenoreceptors, ER and all the aforementioned kinases. Furthermore, artemetin improved cell viability in PAE that were subjected to peroxidation by counteracting GSH depletion and apoptosis and through the modulation of mitochondrial function. In conclusion, artemetin protected endothelial function by acting as antioxidant and antiapoptotic agent and through the activation of ERK1/2 and Akt. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Grossini
- Laboratory of Physiology and Experimental Surgery, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont 'A. Avogadro', Via Solaroli 17, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, corso Mazzini 36, Novara, Italy
| | - Patrizia Marotta
- Laboratory of Physiology and Experimental Surgery, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont 'A. Avogadro', Via Solaroli 17, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, corso Mazzini 36, Novara, Italy
| | - Serena Farruggio
- Laboratory of Physiology and Experimental Surgery, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont 'A. Avogadro', Via Solaroli 17, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, corso Mazzini 36, Novara, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Sigaudo
- Laboratory of Physiology and Experimental Surgery, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont 'A. Avogadro', Via Solaroli 17, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, corso Mazzini 36, Novara, Italy
| | - Fatima Qoqaiche
- Laboratory of Physiology and Experimental Surgery, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont 'A. Avogadro', Via Solaroli 17, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, corso Mazzini 36, Novara, Italy
| | - Giulia Raina
- Laboratory of Physiology and Experimental Surgery, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont 'A. Avogadro', Via Solaroli 17, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, corso Mazzini 36, Novara, Italy
| | - Veronica de Giuli
- Laboratory of Physiology and Experimental Surgery, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont 'A. Avogadro', Via Solaroli 17, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, corso Mazzini 36, Novara, Italy
| | - David Mary
- Laboratory of Physiology and Experimental Surgery, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont 'A. Avogadro', Via Solaroli 17, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, corso Mazzini 36, Novara, Italy
| | - Giovanni Vacca
- Laboratory of Physiology and Experimental Surgery, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont 'A. Avogadro', Via Solaroli 17, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, corso Mazzini 36, Novara, Italy
| | - Federica Pollastro
- Dept. Drug Sciences, University East Piedmont 'A. Avogadro', Largo Donegani 2, Novara, Italy
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Grossini E, Bellofatto K, Farruggio S, Sigaudo L, Marotta P, Raina G, De Giuli V, Mary D, Pollesello P, Minisini R, Pirisi M, Vacca G. Levosimendan inhibits peroxidation in hepatocytes by modulating apoptosis/autophagy interplay. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0124742. [PMID: 25880552 PMCID: PMC4400069 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0124742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Levosimendan protects rat liver against peroxidative injuries through mechanisms related to nitric oxide (NO) production and mitochondrial ATP-dependent K (mitoKATP) channels opening. However, whether levosimendan could modulate the cross-talk between apoptosis and autophagy in the liver is still a matter of debate. Thus, the aim of this study was to examine the role of levosimendan as a modulator of the apoptosis/autophagy interplay in liver cells subjected to peroxidation and the related involvement of NO and mitoKATP. Methods and Findings In primary rat hepatocytes that have been subjected to oxidative stress, Western blot was performed to examine endothelial and inducible NO synthase isoforms (eNOS, iNOS) activation, apoptosis/autophagy and survival signalling detection in response to levosimendan. In addition, NO release, cell viability, mitochondrial membrane potential and mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening (MPTP) were examined through specific dyes. Some of those evaluations were also performed in human hepatic stellate cells (HSC). Pre-treatment of hepatocytes with levosimendan dose-dependently counteracted the injuries caused by oxidative stress and reduced NO release by modulating eNOS/iNOS activation. In hepatocytes, while the autophagic inhibition reduced the effects of levosimendan, after the pan-caspases inhibition, cell survival and autophagy in response to levosimendan were increased. Finally, all protective effects were prevented by both mitoKATP channels inhibition and NOS blocking. In HSC, levosimendan was able to modulate the oxidative balance and inhibit autophagy without improving cell viability and apoptosis. Conclusions Levosimendan protects hepatocytes against oxidative injuries by autophagic-dependent inhibition of apoptosis and the activation of survival signalling. Such effects would involve mitoKATP channels opening and the modulation of NO release by the different NOS isoforms. In HSC, levosimendan would also play a role in cell activation and possible evolution toward fibrosis. These findings highlight the potential of levosimendan as a therapeutic agent for the treatment or prevention of liver ischemia/reperfusion injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Grossini
- Laboratory of Physiology and Experimental Surgery, Department of Translational Medicine, University Eastern Piedmont “Amedeo Avogadro”, Via Solaroli 17, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, corso Mazzini 36, Novara, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Kevin Bellofatto
- Laboratory of Physiology and Experimental Surgery, Department of Translational Medicine, University Eastern Piedmont “Amedeo Avogadro”, Via Solaroli 17, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, corso Mazzini 36, Novara, Italy
| | - Serena Farruggio
- Laboratory of Physiology and Experimental Surgery, Department of Translational Medicine, University Eastern Piedmont “Amedeo Avogadro”, Via Solaroli 17, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, corso Mazzini 36, Novara, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Sigaudo
- Laboratory of Physiology and Experimental Surgery, Department of Translational Medicine, University Eastern Piedmont “Amedeo Avogadro”, Via Solaroli 17, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, corso Mazzini 36, Novara, Italy
| | - Patrizia Marotta
- Laboratory of Physiology and Experimental Surgery, Department of Translational Medicine, University Eastern Piedmont “Amedeo Avogadro”, Via Solaroli 17, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, corso Mazzini 36, Novara, Italy
| | - Giulia Raina
- Laboratory of Physiology and Experimental Surgery, Department of Translational Medicine, University Eastern Piedmont “Amedeo Avogadro”, Via Solaroli 17, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, corso Mazzini 36, Novara, Italy
| | - Veronica De Giuli
- Laboratory of Physiology and Experimental Surgery, Department of Translational Medicine, University Eastern Piedmont “Amedeo Avogadro”, Via Solaroli 17, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, corso Mazzini 36, Novara, Italy
| | - David Mary
- Laboratory of Physiology and Experimental Surgery, Department of Translational Medicine, University Eastern Piedmont “Amedeo Avogadro”, Via Solaroli 17, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, corso Mazzini 36, Novara, Italy
| | - Piero Pollesello
- Laboratory of Physiology and Experimental Surgery, Department of Translational Medicine, University Eastern Piedmont “Amedeo Avogadro”, Via Solaroli 17, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, corso Mazzini 36, Novara, Italy
| | - Rosalba Minisini
- Internal Medicine, Department of Translational Medicine, University Eastern Piedmont “Amedeo Avogadro”, Via Solaroli 17, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, corso Mazzini 36, Novara, Italy
| | - Mario Pirisi
- Internal Medicine, Department of Translational Medicine, University Eastern Piedmont “Amedeo Avogadro”, Via Solaroli 17, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, corso Mazzini 36, Novara, Italy
| | - Giovanni Vacca
- Laboratory of Physiology and Experimental Surgery, Department of Translational Medicine, University Eastern Piedmont “Amedeo Avogadro”, Via Solaroli 17, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, corso Mazzini 36, Novara, Italy
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