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Dematteis G, Tapella L, Lim D. Probing the endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria interaction in Alzheimer's disease: searching far and wide. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:2103-2104. [PMID: 38488539 PMCID: PMC11034600 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.392880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Dematteis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale “Amedeo Avogadro”, Novara, Italy
| | - Laura Tapella
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale “Amedeo Avogadro”, Novara, Italy
| | - Dmitry Lim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale “Amedeo Avogadro”, Novara, Italy
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Tapella L, Dematteis G, La Vitola P, Leva S, Tonelli E, Raddi M, Delconti M, Dacomo L, La Macchia A, Murari E, Talmon M, Malecka J, Chrostek G, Grilli M, Colombo L, Salmona M, Forloni G, Genazzani AA, Balducci C, Lim D. Genetic deletion of astrocytic calcineurin B1 prevents cognitive impairment and neuropathology development in acute and chronic mouse models of Alzheimer's disease. Glia 2024; 72:899-915. [PMID: 38288580 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) represents an urgent yet unmet challenge for modern society, calling for exploration of innovative targets and therapeutic approaches. Astrocytes, main homeostatic cells in the CNS, represent promising cell-target. Our aim was to investigate if deletion of the regulatory CaNB1 subunit of calcineurin in astrocytes could mitigate AD-related memory deficits, neuropathology, and neuroinflammation. We have generated two, acute and chronic, AD mouse models with astrocytic CaNB1 ablation (ACN-KO). In the former, we evaluated the ability of β-amyloid oligomers (AβOs) to impair memory and activate glial cells once injected in the cerebral ventricle of conditional ACN-KO mice. Next, we generated a tamoxifen-inducible astrocyte-specific CaNB1 knock-out in 3xTg-AD mice (indACNKO-AD). CaNB1 was deleted, by tamoxifen injection, in 11.7-month-old 3xTg-AD mice for 4.4 months. Spatial memory was evaluated using the Barnes maze; β-amyloid plaques burden, neurofibrillary tangle deposition, reactive gliosis, and neuroinflammation were also assessed. The acute model showed that ICV injected AβOs in 2-month-old wild type mice impaired recognition memory and fostered a pro-inflammatory microglia phenotype, whereas in ACN-KO mice, AβOs were inactive. In indACNKO-AD mice, 4.4 months after CaNB1 depletion, we found preservation of spatial memory and cognitive flexibility, abolishment of amyloidosis, and reduction of neurofibrillary tangles, gliosis, and neuroinflammation. Our results suggest that ACN is crucial for the development of cognitive impairment, AD neuropathology, and neuroinflammation. Astrocyte-specific CaNB1 deletion is beneficial for both the abolishment of AβO-mediated detrimental effects and treatment of ongoing AD-related pathology, hence representing an intriguing target for AD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Tapella
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Giulia Dematteis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Pietro La Vitola
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Susanna Leva
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Elisa Tonelli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Marco Raddi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Marta Delconti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Letizia Dacomo
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Alberto La Macchia
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Elisa Murari
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Maria Talmon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Justyna Malecka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Gabriela Chrostek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Mariagrazia Grilli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Laura Colombo
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Mario Salmona
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Forloni
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Armando A Genazzani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Claudia Balducci
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Dmitry Lim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
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Romagnolo A, Dematteis G, Scheper M, Luinenburg MJ, Mühlebner A, Van Hecke W, Manfredi M, De Giorgis V, Reano S, Filigheddu N, Bortolotto V, Tapella L, Anink JJ, François L, Dedeurwaerdere S, Mills JD, Genazzani AA, Lim D, Aronica E. Astroglial calcium signaling and homeostasis in tuberous sclerosis complex. Acta Neuropathol 2024; 147:48. [PMID: 38418708 PMCID: PMC10901927 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-024-02711-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC) is a multisystem genetic disorder characterized by the development of benign tumors in various organs, including the brain, and is often accompanied by epilepsy, neurodevelopmental comorbidities including intellectual disability and autism. A key hallmark of TSC is the hyperactivation of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway, which induces alterations in cortical development and metabolic processes in astrocytes, among other cellular functions. These changes could modulate seizure susceptibility, contributing to the progression of epilepsy and its associated comorbidities. Epilepsy is characterized by dysregulation of calcium (Ca2+) channels and intracellular Ca2+ dynamics. These factors contribute to hyperexcitability, disrupted synaptogenesis, and altered synchronization of neuronal networks, all of which contribute to seizure activity. This study investigates the intricate interplay between altered Ca2+ dynamics, mTOR pathway dysregulation, and cellular metabolism in astrocytes. The transcriptional profile of TSC patients revealed significant alterations in pathways associated with cellular respiration, ER and mitochondria, and Ca2+ regulation. TSC astrocytes exhibited lack of responsiveness to various stimuli, compromised oxygen consumption rate and reserve respiratory capacity underscoring their reduced capacity to react to environmental changes or cellular stress. Furthermore, our study revealed significant reduction of store operated calcium entry (SOCE) along with strong decrease of basal mitochondrial Ca2+ concentration and Ca2+ influx in TSC astrocytes. In addition, we observed alteration in mitochondrial membrane potential, characterized by increased depolarization in TSC astrocytes. Lastly, we provide initial evidence of structural abnormalities in mitochondria within TSC patient-derived astrocytes, suggesting a potential link between disrupted Ca2+ signaling and mitochondrial dysfunction. Our findings underscore the complexity of the relationship between Ca2+ signaling, mitochondria dynamics, apoptosis, and mTOR hyperactivation. Further exploration is required to shed light on the pathophysiology of TSC and on TSC associated neuropsychiatric disorders offering further potential avenues for therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Romagnolo
- Department of (Neuro) Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Giulia Dematteis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro", Novara, Italy
| | - Mirte Scheper
- Department of (Neuro) Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mark J Luinenburg
- Department of (Neuro) Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Angelika Mühlebner
- Department of (Neuro) Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Wim Van Hecke
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marcello Manfredi
- Center on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases (CAAD), UPO, Novara, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine, UPO, Novara, Italy
| | - Veronica De Giorgis
- Center on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases (CAAD), UPO, Novara, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine, UPO, Novara, Italy
| | - Simone Reano
- Center on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases (CAAD), UPO, Novara, Italy
| | | | - Valeria Bortolotto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro", Novara, Italy
| | - Laura Tapella
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro", Novara, Italy
| | - Jasper J Anink
- Department of (Neuro) Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Liesbeth François
- Neurosciences Therapeutic Area, UCB Pharma, Braine-L'Alleud, Belgium
| | | | - James D Mills
- Department of (Neuro) Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL, London, UK
- Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy, Chalfont St Peter, UK
| | - Armando A Genazzani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro", Novara, Italy
| | - Dmitry Lim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro", Novara, Italy
| | - Eleonora Aronica
- Department of (Neuro) Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN), Heemstede, The Netherlands
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Masone A, Zucchelli C, Caruso E, Lavigna G, Eraña H, Giachin G, Tapella L, Comerio L, Restelli E, Raimondi I, Elezgarai SR, De Leo F, Quilici G, Taiarol L, Oldrati M, Lorenzo NL, García-Martínez S, Cagnotto A, Lucchetti J, Gobbi M, Vanni I, Nonno R, Di Bari MA, Tully MD, Cecatiello V, Ciossani G, Pasqualato S, Van Anken E, Salmona M, Castilla J, Requena JR, Banfi S, Musco G, Chiesa R. Erratum: A tetracationic porphyrin with dual anti-prion activity. iScience 2023; 26:108223. [PMID: 37915608 PMCID: PMC10616544 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107480.].
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5
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Masone A, Zucchelli C, Caruso E, Lavigna G, Eraña H, Giachin G, Tapella L, Comerio L, Restelli E, Raimondi I, Elezgarai SR, De Leo F, Quilici G, Taiarol L, Oldrati M, Lorenzo NL, García-Martínez S, Cagnotto A, Lucchetti J, Gobbi M, Vanni I, Nonno R, Di Bari MA, Tully MD, Cecatiello V, Ciossani G, Pasqualato S, Van Anken E, Salmona M, Castilla J, Requena JR, Banfi S, Musco G, Chiesa R. A tetracationic porphyrin with dual anti-prion activity. iScience 2023; 26:107480. [PMID: 37636075 PMCID: PMC10448035 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Prions are deadly infectious agents made of PrPSc, a misfolded variant of the cellular prion protein (PrPC) which self-propagates by inducing misfolding of native PrPC. PrPSc can adopt different pathogenic conformations (prion strains), which can be resistant to potential drugs, or acquire drug resistance, hampering the development of effective therapies. We identified Zn(II)-BnPyP, a tetracationic porphyrin that binds to distinct domains of native PrPC, eliciting a dual anti-prion effect. Zn(II)-BnPyP binding to a C-terminal pocket destabilizes the native PrPC fold, hindering conversion to PrPSc; Zn(II)-BnPyP binding to the flexible N-terminal tail disrupts N- to C-terminal interactions, triggering PrPC endocytosis and lysosomal degradation, thus reducing the substrate for PrPSc generation. Zn(II)-BnPyP inhibits propagation of different prion strains in vitro, in neuronal cells and organotypic brain cultures. These results identify a PrPC-targeting compound with an unprecedented dual mechanism of action which might be exploited to achieve anti-prion effects without engendering drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Masone
- Laboratory of Prion Neurobiology, Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Zucchelli
- Biomolecular NMR Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Enrico Caruso
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Giada Lavigna
- Laboratory of Prion Neurobiology, Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Hasier Eraña
- Centro de Investigación Cooperativa en Biociencias (CIC BioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Carlos III National Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gabriele Giachin
- Department of Chemical Sciences (DiSC), University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Laura Tapella
- Laboratory of Prion Neurobiology, Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Liliana Comerio
- Laboratory of Prion Neurobiology, Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Restelli
- Laboratory of Prion Neurobiology, Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Ilaria Raimondi
- Laboratory of Prion Neurobiology, Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Saioa R. Elezgarai
- Laboratory of Prion Neurobiology, Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Federica De Leo
- Biomolecular NMR Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Giacomo Quilici
- Biomolecular NMR Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Taiarol
- Laboratory of Prion Neurobiology, Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Marvin Oldrati
- Laboratory of Prion Neurobiology, Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Nuria L. Lorenzo
- CIMUS Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Medical Sciences, University of Santiago de Compostela-IDIS, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Sandra García-Martínez
- Centro de Investigación Cooperativa en Biociencias (CIC BioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Alfredo Cagnotto
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Protein Chemistry, Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Jacopo Lucchetti
- Laboratory of Pharmacodynamics and Pharmacokinetics, Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Gobbi
- Laboratory of Pharmacodynamics and Pharmacokinetics, Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Ilaria Vanni
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Romolo Nonno
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Michele A. Di Bari
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Mark D. Tully
- Structural Biology Group, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Valentina Cecatiello
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO) IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ciossani
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO) IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Pasqualato
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO) IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Eelco Van Anken
- Protein Transport and Secretion Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Mario Salmona
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Protein Chemistry, Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Joaquín Castilla
- Centro de Investigación Cooperativa en Biociencias (CIC BioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Carlos III National Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Jesús R. Requena
- CIMUS Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Medical Sciences, University of Santiago de Compostela-IDIS, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Stefano Banfi
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Giovanna Musco
- Biomolecular NMR Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Chiesa
- Laboratory of Prion Neurobiology, Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy
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Tapella L, Dematteis G, Genazzani AA, De Paola M, Lim D. Immortalized hippocampal astrocytes from 3xTg-AD mice, a new model to study disease-related astrocytic dysfunction: a comparative review. Neural Regen Res 2023; 18:1672-1678. [PMID: 36751778 PMCID: PMC10154476 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.363192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by complex etiology, long-lasting pathogenesis, and cell-type-specific alterations. Currently, there is no cure for AD, emphasizing the urgent need for a comprehensive understanding of cell-specific pathology. Astrocytes, principal homeostatic cells of the central nervous system, are key players in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, including AD. Cellular models greatly facilitate the investigation of cell-specific pathological alterations and the dissection of molecular mechanisms and pathways. Tumor-derived and immortalized astrocytic cell lines, alongside the emerging technology of adult induced pluripotent stem cells, are widely used to study cellular dysfunction in AD. Surprisingly, no stable cell lines were available from genetic mouse AD models. Recently, we established immortalized hippocampal astroglial cell lines from amyloid-β precursor protein/presenilin-1/Tau triple-transgenic (3xTg)-AD mice (denominated as wild type (WT)- and 3Tg-iAstro cells) using retrovirus-mediated transduction of simian virus 40 large T-antigen and propagation without clonal selection, thereby maintaining natural heterogeneity of primary cultures. Several groups have successfully used 3Tg-iAstro cells for single-cell and omics approaches to study astrocytic AD-related alterations of calcium signaling, mitochondrial dysfunctions, disproteostasis, altered homeostatic and signaling support to neurons, and blood-brain barrier models. Here we provide a comparative overview of the most used models to study astrocytes in vitro, such as primary culture, tumor-derived cell lines, immortalized astroglial cell lines, and induced pluripotent stem cell-derived astrocytes. We conclude that immortalized WT- and 3Tg-iAstro cells provide a non-competitive but complementary, low-cost, easy-to-handle, and versatile cellular model for dissection of astrocyte-specific AD-related alterations and preclinical drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Tapella
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro", Novara, Italy
| | - Giulia Dematteis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro", Novara, Italy
| | - Armando A Genazzani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro", Novara, Italy
| | - Massimiliano De Paola
- Department of Neuroscience, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Dmitry Lim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro", Novara, Italy
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Gong C, Bonfili L, Zheng Y, Cecarini V, Cuccioloni M, Angeletti M, Dematteis G, Tapella L, Genazzani AA, Lim D, Eleuteri AM. Immortalized Alzheimer's Disease Astrocytes: Characterization of Their Proteolytic Systems. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:2787-2800. [PMID: 36729287 PMCID: PMC10039838 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03231-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegeneration with dysfunctions in both the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) and autophagy. Astroglia participation in AD is an attractive topic of research, but molecular patterns are partially defined and available in vitro models have technical limitations. Immortalized astrocytes from the hippocampus of 3xTg-AD and wild-type mice (3Tg-iAstro and WT-iAstro, respectively) have been obtained as an attempt to overcome primary cell line limitations and this study aims at characterizing their proteolytic systems, focusing on UPS and autophagy. Both 26S and 20S proteasomal activities were downregulated in 3Tg-iAstro, in which a shift in catalytic subunits from constitutive 20S proteasome to immunoproteasome occurred, with consequences on immune functions. In fact, immunoproteasome is the specific complex in charge of clearing damaged proteins under inflammatory conditions. Parallelly, augmented expression and activity of the lysosomal cathepsin B, enhanced levels of lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1, beclin1, and LC3-II, together with an increased uptake of monodansylcadaverine in autophagic vacuoles, suggested autophagy activation in 3Tg-iAstro. The two proteolytic pathways were linked by p62 that accumulated in 3Tg-iAstro due to both increased synthesis and decreased degradation in the UPS defective astrocytes. Treatment with 4-phenylbutyric acid, a neuroprotective small chemical chaperone, partially restored proteasome and autophagy-mediated proteolysis in 3Tg-iAstro. Our data shed light on the impaired proteostasis in 3Tg-iAstro with proteasome inhibition and autophagic compensatory activation, providing additional validation of this AD in vitro model, and propose a new mechanism of action of 4-phenylbutyric acid in neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei Gong
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, 62032, Camerino, MC, Italy
| | - Laura Bonfili
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, 62032, Camerino, MC, Italy.
| | - Yadong Zheng
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, 62032, Camerino, MC, Italy
| | - Valentina Cecarini
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, 62032, Camerino, MC, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Cuccioloni
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, 62032, Camerino, MC, Italy
| | - Mauro Angeletti
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, 62032, Camerino, MC, Italy
| | - Giulia Dematteis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Via Bovio 6, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Laura Tapella
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Via Bovio 6, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Armando A Genazzani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Via Bovio 6, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Dmitry Lim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Via Bovio 6, 28100, Novara, Italy.
| | - Anna Maria Eleuteri
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, 62032, Camerino, MC, Italy.
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Lim D, Tapella L, Dematteis G, Talmon M, Genazzani AA. Calcineurin Signalling in Astrocytes: From Pathology to Physiology and Control of Neuronal Functions. Neurochem Res 2023; 48:1077-1090. [PMID: 36083398 PMCID: PMC10030417 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03744-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Calcineurin (CaN), a Ca2+/calmodulin-activated serine/threonine phosphatase, acts as a Ca2+-sensitive switch regulating cellular functions through protein dephosphorylation and activation of gene transcription. In astrocytes, the principal homeostatic cells in the CNS, over-activation of CaN is known to drive pathological transcriptional remodelling, associated with neuroinflammation in diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, epilepsy and brain trauma. Recent reports suggest that, in physiological conditions, the activity of CaN in astrocytes is transcription-independent and is required for maintenance of basal protein synthesis rate and activation of astrocytic Na+/K+ pump thereby contributing to neuronal functions such as neuronal excitability and memory formation. In this contribution we overview the role of Ca2+ and CaN signalling in astroglial pathophysiology focusing on the emerging physiological role of CaN in astrocytes. We propose a model for the context-dependent switch of CaN activity from the post-transcriptional regulation of cell proteostasis in healthy astrocytes to the CaN-dependent transcriptional activation in neuroinflammation-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Lim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro", Via Bovio 6, 28100, Novara, Italy.
| | - Laura Tapella
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro", Via Bovio 6, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Giulia Dematteis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro", Via Bovio 6, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Maria Talmon
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro", Via Solaroli 17, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Armando A Genazzani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro", Via Bovio 6, 28100, Novara, Italy.
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9
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Lim D, Tapella L, Dematteis G, Genazzani AA, Corazzari M, Verkhratsky A. The endoplasmic reticulum stress and unfolded protein response in Alzheimer's disease: a calcium dyshomeostasis perspective. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 87:101914. [PMID: 36948230 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.101914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Protein misfolding is prominent in early cellular pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD), implicating pathophysiological significance of endoplasmic reticulum stress/unfolded protein response (ER stress/UPR) and highlighting it as a target for drug development. Experimental data from animal AD models and observations on human specimens are, however, inconsistent. ER stress and associated UPR are readily observed in in vitro AD cellular models and in some AD model animals. In the human brain, components and markers of ER stress as well as UPR transducers are observed at Braak stages III-VI associated with severe neuropathology and neuronal death. The picture, however, is further complicated by the brain region- and cell type-specificity of the AD-related pathology. Terms 'disturbed' or 'non-canonical' ER stress/UPR were used to describe the discrepancies between experimental data and the classic ER stress/UPR cascade. Here we discuss possible 'disturbing' or 'interfering' factors which may modify ER stress/UPR in the early AD pathogenesis. We focus on the dysregulation of the ER Ca2+ homeostasis, store-operated Ca2+ entry, and the interaction between the ER and mitochondria. We suggest that a detailed study of the CNS cell type-specific alterations of Ca2+ homeostasis in early AD may deepen our understanding of AD-related dysproteostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Lim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro", Via Bovio 6, 28100, Novara, Italy.
| | - Laura Tapella
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro", Via Bovio 6, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Giulia Dematteis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro", Via Bovio 6, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Armando A Genazzani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro", Via Bovio 6, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Marco Corazzari
- Department of Health Science (DSS), Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Disease (CAAD) & Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro"
| | - Alexei Verkhratsky
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Achucarro Center for Neuroscience, IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48011 Bilbao, Spain & Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU and CIBERNED, Leioa, Spain; Department of Stem Cell Biology, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, LT-01102, Vilnius, Lithuania; Department of Forensic Analytical Toxicology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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10
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Villani S, Dematteis G, Tapella L, Gagliardi M, Lim D, Corazzari M, Aprile S, Del Grosso E. Quantification of the Chemical Chaperone 4-Phenylbutyric Acid (4-PBA) in Cell Culture Media via LC-HRMS: Applications in Fields of Neurodegeneration and Cancer. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:298. [PMID: 37259441 PMCID: PMC9960049 DOI: 10.3390/ph16020298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA), an FDA-approved drug, has increasingly been used as a nonspecific chemical chaperone in vitro and in vitro, but its pharmacodynamics is still not clear. In this context, we developed and validated a Liquid Chromatography-High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (LC-HRMS) method to quantify 4-PBA in NeuroBasal-A and Dulbecco's Modified Eagle widely used cell culture media. Samples were injected on a Luna® 3 µm PFP(2) 100 Å (100 × 2.0 mm) column maintained at 40 °C. Water and methanol both with 0.1% formic acid served as mobile phases in a step gradient mode. The mass acquisition was performed by selected ion monitoring (SIM) in negative mode for a total run time of 10.5 min at a flow rate of 0.300 mL/min. The analogue 4-(4-Nitrophenyl)-Butyric Acid served as internal standard. Validation parameters were verified according to FDA and EMA guidelines. The quantification ranges from 0.38-24 µM. Inter and intraday RSDs (Relative Standard Deviations) were within 15%. The developed LC-HRMS method allowed the estimation of 4-PBA absorption and adsorption kinetics in vitro in two experimental systems: (i) 4-PBA improvement of protein synthesis in an Alzheimer's disease astrocytic cell model; and (ii) 4-PBA reduction of endoplasmic reticulum stress in thapsigargin-treated melanoma cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Villani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Giulia Dematteis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Laura Tapella
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Mara Gagliardi
- Department of Health Science (DSS), Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Disease (CAAD) & Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Dmitry Lim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Marco Corazzari
- Department of Health Science (DSS), Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Disease (CAAD) & Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Silvio Aprile
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Erika Del Grosso
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
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Dematteis G, Restelli E, Vanella VV, Manfredi M, Marengo E, Corazzari M, Genazzani AA, Chiesa R, Lim D, Tapella L. Calcineurin Controls Cellular Prion Protein Expression in Mouse Astrocytes. Cells 2022; 11:cells11040609. [PMID: 35203261 PMCID: PMC8870693 DOI: 10.3390/cells11040609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Prion diseases arise from the conformational conversion of the cellular prion protein (PrPC) into a self-replicating prion isoform (PrPSc). Although this process has been studied mostly in neurons, a growing body of evidence suggests that astrocytes express PrPC and are able to replicate and accumulate PrPSc. Currently, prion diseases remain incurable, while downregulation of PrPC represents the most promising therapy due to the reduction of the substrate for prion conversion. Here we show that the astrocyte-specific genetic ablation or pharmacological inhibition of the calcium-activated phosphatase calcineurin (CaN) reduces PrPC expression in astrocytes. Immunocytochemical analysis of cultured CaN-KO astrocytes and isolation of synaptosomal compartments from the hippocampi of astrocyte-specific CaN-KO (ACN-KO) mice suggest that PrPC is downregulated both in vitro and in vivo. The downregulation occurs without affecting the glycosylation of PrPC and without alteration of its proteasomal or lysosomal degradation. Direct assessment of the protein synthesis rate and shotgun mass spectrometry proteomics analysis suggest that the reduction of PrPC is related to the impairment of global protein synthesis in CaN-KO astrocytes. When WT-PrP and PrP-D177N, a mouse homologue of a human mutation associated with the inherited prion disease fatal familial insomnia, were expressed in astrocytes, CaN-KO astrocytes showed an aberrant localization of both WT-PrP and PrP-D177N variants with predominant localization to the Golgi apparatus, suggesting that ablation of CaN affects both WT and mutant PrP proteins. These results provide new mechanistic details in relation to the regulation of PrP expression in astrocytes, suggesting the therapeutic potential of astroglial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Dematteis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale “Amedeo Avogadro”, 28100 Novara, Italy; (G.D.); (A.A.G.)
| | - Elena Restelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy; (E.R.); (R.C.)
| | - Virginia Vita Vanella
- Department of Translational Medicine, Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Disease (CAAD), Università del Piemonte Orientale “Amedeo Avogadro”, 28100 Novara, Italy; (V.V.V.); (M.M.)
| | - Marcello Manfredi
- Department of Translational Medicine, Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Disease (CAAD), Università del Piemonte Orientale “Amedeo Avogadro”, 28100 Novara, Italy; (V.V.V.); (M.M.)
| | - Emilio Marengo
- Department of Sciences and Technological Innovation, Università del Piemonte Orientale “Amedeo Avogadro”, 28100 Novara, Italy;
| | - Marco Corazzari
- Department of Health Science (DSS), Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Disease (CAAD) & Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), Università del Piemonte Orientale “Amedeo Avogadro”, 28100 Novara, Italy;
| | - Armando A. Genazzani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale “Amedeo Avogadro”, 28100 Novara, Italy; (G.D.); (A.A.G.)
| | - Roberto Chiesa
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy; (E.R.); (R.C.)
| | - Dmitry Lim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale “Amedeo Avogadro”, 28100 Novara, Italy; (G.D.); (A.A.G.)
- Correspondence: (D.L.); (L.T.); Tel.: +39-0321-375822 (L.T.)
| | - Laura Tapella
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale “Amedeo Avogadro”, 28100 Novara, Italy; (G.D.); (A.A.G.)
- Correspondence: (D.L.); (L.T.); Tel.: +39-0321-375822 (L.T.)
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12
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Tapella L, Dematteis G, Ruffinatti FA, Ponzoni L, Fiordaliso F, Corbelli A, Albanese E, Pistolato B, Pagano J, Barberis E, Marengo E, Balducci C, Forloni G, Verpelli C, Sala C, Distasi C, Sala M, Manfredi M, Genazzani AA, Lim D. Deletion of calcineurin from astrocytes reproduces proteome signature of Alzheimer's disease and epilepsy and predisposes to seizures. Cell Calcium 2021; 100:102480. [PMID: 34607180 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2021.102480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Calcineurin (CaN), acting downstream of intracellular calcium signals, orchestrates cellular remodeling in many cellular types. In astrocytes, major homeostatic players in the central nervous system (CNS), CaN is involved in neuroinflammation and gliosis, while its role in healthy CNS or in early neuro-pathogenesis is poorly understood. Here we report that in mice with conditional deletion of CaN in GFAP-expressing astrocytes (astroglial calcineurin KO, ACN-KO), at 1 month of age, transcription was largely unchanged, while the proteome was deranged in the hippocampus and cerebellum. Gene ontology analysis revealed overrepresentation of annotations related to myelin sheath, mitochondria, ribosome and cytoskeleton. Over-represented pathways were related to protein synthesis, oxidative phosphorylation, mTOR and neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and seizure disorder. Comparison with published proteomic datasets showed significant overlap with the proteome of a familial AD mouse model and of human subjects with drug-resistant seizures. ACN-KO mice showed no alterations of motor activity, equilibrium, anxiety or depressive state. However, in Barnes maze ACN-KO mice learned the task but adopted serial search strategy. Strikingly, beginning from about 5 months of age ACN-KO mice developed spontaneous tonic-clonic seizures with an inflammatory signature of epileptic brains. Altogether, our data suggest that the deletion of astroglial CaN produces features of neurological disorders and predisposes mice to seizures. We suggest that calcineurin in astrocytes may serve as a novel Ca2+-sensitive switch which regulates protein expression and homeostasis in the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Tapella
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro", Via Bovio 6, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Giulia Dematteis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro", Via Bovio 6, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Federico Alessandro Ruffinatti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro", Via Bovio 6, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Luisa Ponzoni
- BIOMETRA, University of Milan and Fondazione Zardi-Gori, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Fiordaliso
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Corbelli
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Enrico Albanese
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro", Via Bovio 6, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Beatrice Pistolato
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro", Via Bovio 6, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | | | - Elettra Barberis
- Department of Sciences and Technological Innovation, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Alessandria, Italy; Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Emilio Marengo
- Department of Sciences and Technological Innovation, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Claudia Balducci
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Forloni
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Carlo Sala
- CNR Neuroscience Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Carla Distasi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro", Via Bovio 6, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | | | - Marcello Manfredi
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy; Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Armando A Genazzani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro", Via Bovio 6, 28100, Novara, Italy.
| | - Dmitry Lim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro", Via Bovio 6, 28100, Novara, Italy.
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13
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Pecori Giraldi F, Sesta A, Tapella L, Cassarino MF, Castelli L. Dual effects of 9-cis retinoic acid on ACTH-dependent hyperplastic adrenal tissues. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14315. [PMID: 34253781 PMCID: PMC8275666 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93672-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinoids play a pivotal role in adrenal development and differentiation. Recent clinical trials revealed therapeutic potential of both all-trans and 9-cis retinoic acid in patients with cortisol excess due to a pituitary ACTH-secreting adenoma and indicated that retinoids might act also on the adrenal. Aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of 9-cis retinoic acid on adrenals from patients with ACTH-dependent Cushing’s syndrome. Adrenal specimens from six patients with Cushing’s disease were incubated with 10 nM–1 µM 9-cis retinoic acid with and without 10 nM ACTH. Cortisol secretion was measured by immunoassay and expression of genes involved in steroidogenesis as well as retinoic acid action were evaluated by real-time RT-PCR. Incubation with 10–100 nM 9-cis retinoic acid increased spontaneous cortisol secretion and expression of STAR and CYP17A. On the other hand, in wells treated with ACTH, 9-cis retinoic acid markedly diminished ACTH receptor upregulation and no stimulatory effect on cortisol secretion or steroidogenic enzyme synthesis was observed. ACTH itself increased ligand-induced retinoic acid receptor expression, possibly enhancing sensitivity to retinoic acid. Our findings indicate that the effect of 9-cis retinoic acid in presence of ACTH is distinct from unchallenged wells and support the hypothesis of a direct adrenal action in patients with Cushing’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Pecori Giraldi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122, Milan, Italy. .,Neuroendocrinology Research Laboratory, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Via Zucchi 18, 20095, Cusano Milanino, MI, Italy.
| | - Antonella Sesta
- Neuroendocrinology Research Laboratory, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Via Zucchi 18, 20095, Cusano Milanino, MI, Italy
| | - Laura Tapella
- Neuroendocrinology Research Laboratory, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Via Zucchi 18, 20095, Cusano Milanino, MI, Italy
| | - Maria Francesca Cassarino
- Neuroendocrinology Research Laboratory, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Via Zucchi 18, 20095, Cusano Milanino, MI, Italy
| | - Luigi Castelli
- Ospedale San Carlo, Reparto di Chirurgia, 20037, Paderno Dugnano, MI, Italy
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Lodola F, Rosti V, Tullii G, Desii A, Tapella L, Catarsi P, Lim D, Moccia F, Antognazza M. Conjugated polymers optically regulate the fate of endothelial colony forming cells. Vascul Pharmacol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2020.106730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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15
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Ruffinatti FA, Lomazzi S, Nardo L, Santoro R, Martemiyanov A, Dionisi M, Tapella L, Genazzani AA, Lim D, Distasi C, Caccia M. Assessment of a Silicon-Photomultiplier-Based Platform for the Measurement of Intracellular Calcium Dynamics with Targeted Aequorin. ACS Sens 2020; 5:2388-2397. [PMID: 32701269 PMCID: PMC8009593 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.0c00277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
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Ca2+ is among the most important intracellular second
messengers participating in a plethora of biological processes, and
the measurement of Ca2+ fluctuations is significant in
the phenomenology of the underlying processes. Aequorin-based Ca2+ probes represent an invaluable tool for reliable measurement
of Ca2+ concentrations and dynamics in different subcellular
compartments. However, their use is limited due to the lack on the
market of ready-to-use, cost-effective, and portable devices for the
detection and readout of the low-intensity bioluminescence signal
produced by these probes. Silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) are rapidly
evolving solid-state sensors for low light detection, with single
photon sensitivity and photon number resolving capability, featuring
low cost, low voltage, and compact format. Thus, they may represent
the sensors of choice for the development of such devices and, more
in general, of a new generation of multipurpose bioluminescence detectors
suitable for cell biology studies. Ideally, a detector customized
for these purposes must combine high dynamic range with high fidelity
in reconstructing the light intensity signal temporal profile. In
this article, the ability to perform aequorin-based intracellular
Ca2+ measurements using a multipurpose, low-cost setup
exploiting SiPMs as the sensors is demonstrated. SiPMs turn out to
assure performances comparable to those exhibited by a custom-designed
photomultiplier tube-based aequorinometer. Moreover, the flexibility
of SiPM-based devices might pave the way toward routinely and wide
scale application of innovative biophysical protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samuela Lomazzi
- Department of Science and High Technology, Università degli Studi dell’Insubria, Via Valleggio 11, Como 22100, Italy
| | - Luca Nardo
- Department of Science and High Technology, Università degli Studi dell’Insubria, Via Valleggio 11, Como 22100, Italy
| | - Romualdo Santoro
- Department of Science and High Technology, Università degli Studi dell’Insubria, Via Valleggio 11, Como 22100, Italy
| | - Alexander Martemiyanov
- Department of Science and High Technology, Università degli Studi dell’Insubria, Via Valleggio 11, Como 22100, Italy
- ITEP, Bol’shaya Cheremushkinskaya Ulitsa, 25, Moscow 117218, Russia
| | - Marianna Dionisi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Via Bovio 6, Novara 28100, Italy
| | - Laura Tapella
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Via Bovio 6, Novara 28100, Italy
| | - Armando A. Genazzani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Via Bovio 6, Novara 28100, Italy
| | - Dmitry Lim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Via Bovio 6, Novara 28100, Italy
| | - Carla Distasi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Via Bovio 6, Novara 28100, Italy
| | - Massimo Caccia
- Department of Science and High Technology, Università degli Studi dell’Insubria, Via Valleggio 11, Como 22100, Italy
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Dematteis G, Vydmantaitė G, Ruffinatti FA, Chahin M, Farruggio S, Barberis E, Ferrari E, Marengo E, Distasi C, Morkūnienė R, Genazzani AA, Grilli M, Grossini E, Corazzari M, Manfredi M, Lim D, Jekabsone A, Tapella L. Proteomic analysis links alterations of bioenergetics, mitochondria-ER interactions and proteostasis in hippocampal astrocytes from 3xTg-AD mice. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:645. [PMID: 32811809 PMCID: PMC7434916 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-02911-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a slowly-developing age-related neurodegenerative disorder, is a result of the action of multiple factors including deregulation of Ca2+ homeostasis, mitochondrial dysfunction, and dysproteostasis. Interaction of these factors in astrocytes, principal homeostatic cells in the central nervous system, is still poorly understood. Here we report that in immortalized hippocampal astrocytes from 3xTg-AD mice (3Tg-iAstro cells) bioenergetics is impaired, including reduced glycolysis and mitochondrial oxygen consumption, and increased production of reactive oxygen species. Shotgun proteomics analysis of mitochondria-ER-enriched fraction showed no alterations in the expression of mitochondrial and OxPhos proteins, while those related to the ER functions and protein synthesis were deregulated. Using ER- and mitochondria-targeted aequorin-based Ca2+ probe we show that, in 3Tg-iAstro cells, ER was overloaded with Ca2+ while Ca2+ uptake by mitochondria upon ATP stimulation was reduced. This was accompanied by the increase in short distance (≈8–10 nm) contact area between mitochondria and ER, upregulation of ER-stress/unfolded protein response genes Atf4, Atf6 and Herp, and reduction of global protein synthesis rate. We suggest that familial AD mutations in 3Tg-iAstro cells induce mitochondria-ER interaction changes that deregulate astrocytic bioenergetics, Ca2+ homeostasis and proteostasis. These factors may interact, creating a pathogenic loop compromising homeostatic and defensive functions of astroglial cells predisposing neurons to dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Dematteis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Gabrielė Vydmantaitė
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technologies, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | | | - Malak Chahin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Serena Farruggio
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Elettra Barberis
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy.,Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases (CAAD), University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Eleonora Ferrari
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases (CAAD), University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy.,Department of Health Science, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Emilio Marengo
- DiSIT, University of Piemonte Orientale, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Carla Distasi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Ramunė Morkūnienė
- Department of Drug Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Armando A Genazzani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Mariagrazia Grilli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Elena Grossini
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Marco Corazzari
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases (CAAD), University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy.,Department of Health Science, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy.,Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Marcello Manfredi
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy.,Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases (CAAD), University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Dmitry Lim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy.
| | - Aistė Jekabsone
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technologies, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania.
| | - Laura Tapella
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
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Rocchio F, Tapella L, Manfredi M, Chisari M, Ronco F, Ruffinatti FA, Conte E, Canonico PL, Sortino MA, Grilli M, Marengo E, Genazzani AA, Lim D. Correction: Gene expression, proteome and calcium signaling alterations in immortalized hippocampal astrocytes from an Alzheimer's disease mouse model. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:236. [PMID: 32300109 PMCID: PMC7162863 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2451-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Rocchio
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy.,International Center for T1D, Pediatric Clinic Research Center Fondazione Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science L. Sacco, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Tapella
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Marcello Manfredi
- Department of Sciences and Technological Innovation, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale, Alessandria, Italy.,ISALIT S.r.l., Spin-off of Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Mariangela Chisari
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia, 97, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Francesca Ronco
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | | | - Eleonora Conte
- Department of Sciences and Technological Innovation, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Pier Luigi Canonico
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Maria Angela Sortino
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia, 97, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Mariagrazia Grilli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Emilio Marengo
- Department of Sciences and Technological Innovation, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Armando A Genazzani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy.
| | - Dmitry Lim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy.
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18
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Lodola F, Rosti V, Tullii G, Desii A, Tapella L, Catarsi P, Lim D, Moccia F, Rosa Antognazza M. Conjugated Polymers Optically Regulate the Fate of Endothelial Colony Forming Cells. Biophys J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2019.11.2649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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19
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Tapella L, Soda T, Mapelli L, Bortolotto V, Bondi H, Ruffinatti FA, Dematteis G, Stevano A, Dionisi M, Ummarino S, Di Ruscio A, Distasi C, Grilli M, Genazzani AA, D'Angelo E, Moccia F, Lim D. Deletion of calcineurin from GFAP‐expressing astrocytes impairs excitability of cerebellar and hippocampal neurons through astroglial Na+/K+ATPase. Glia 2019; 68:543-560. [DOI: 10.1002/glia.23737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Tapella
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversità del Piemonte Orientale “Amedeo Avogadro” Novara Italy
| | - Teresa Soda
- Department of Brain and Behavioral SciencesUniversity of Pavia Pavia Italy
| | - Lisa Mapelli
- Department of Brain and Behavioral SciencesUniversity of Pavia Pavia Italy
| | - Valeria Bortolotto
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversità del Piemonte Orientale “Amedeo Avogadro” Novara Italy
| | - Heather Bondi
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversità del Piemonte Orientale “Amedeo Avogadro” Novara Italy
| | - Federico A. Ruffinatti
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversità del Piemonte Orientale “Amedeo Avogadro” Novara Italy
| | - Giulia Dematteis
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversità del Piemonte Orientale “Amedeo Avogadro” Novara Italy
| | - Alessio Stevano
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversità del Piemonte Orientale “Amedeo Avogadro” Novara Italy
| | - Marianna Dionisi
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversità del Piemonte Orientale “Amedeo Avogadro” Novara Italy
| | - Simone Ummarino
- Center of Life ScienceMedical School Initiative for RNA Medicine, Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts
- Department of Translational MedicineUniversità del Piemonte Orientale Novara Italy
| | - Annalisa Di Ruscio
- Center of Life ScienceMedical School Initiative for RNA Medicine, Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts
- Department of Translational MedicineUniversità del Piemonte Orientale Novara Italy
| | - Carla Distasi
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversità del Piemonte Orientale “Amedeo Avogadro” Novara Italy
| | - Mariagrazia Grilli
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversità del Piemonte Orientale “Amedeo Avogadro” Novara Italy
| | - Armando A. Genazzani
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversità del Piemonte Orientale “Amedeo Avogadro” Novara Italy
| | - Egidio D'Angelo
- Department of Brain and Behavioral SciencesUniversity of Pavia Pavia Italy
- IRCCS Mondino Foundation Pavia Italy
| | - Francesco Moccia
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Lazzaro Spallanzani”University of Pavia Pavia Italy
| | - Dmitry Lim
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversità del Piemonte Orientale “Amedeo Avogadro” Novara Italy
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20
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Ruffinatti F, Tapella L, Gregnanin I, Stevano A, Chiorino G, Canonico PL, Distasi C, Genazzani AA, Lim D. Transcriptional Remodeling in Primary Hippocampal Astrocytes from an Alzheimer's Disease Mouse Model. Curr Alzheimer Res 2019; 15:986-1004. [PMID: 29895250 DOI: 10.2174/1567205015666180613113924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is well known that alterations in astrocytes occur in Alzheimer's disease and reactive astrogliosis is one of the hallmarks of the disease. Recently, data has emerged that suggests that alterations in astrocytes may also occur early in the pathogenesis of the disease. OBJECTIVE The aim of present work was to characterize the transcriptional alterations occurring in cultured astrocytes from 3xTg-AD mouse pups compared to control non-transgenic mice. Furthermore, we also compared these changes to those reported by others in astrocytes from symptomatic AD mice. METHOD We conducted a whole-genome microarray study on primary cultured astrocytes from the hippocampus of 3xTg-AD and non-transgenic mouse newborn pups. We used cross-platform normalization and an unsupervised hierarchical clustering algorithm to compare our results with other datasets of cultured or freshly isolated astrocytes, including those isolated from plaque-stage APPswe/PS1dE9 AD mice. RESULTS We found a set of 993 genes differentially expressed in 3xTg-AD as compared with non-Tg astrocytes. Over-represented gene ontology terms were related to calcium, cell-cell communication, mitochondria, transcription, nucleotide binding and phosphorylation. Of note, no genes related to inflammation were found in cultured 3xTg-AD astrocytes. Comparison with astrocytes isolated from plaque stage APPswe/PS1dE9 showed that 882 out of 993 genes were selectively changed in primary 3xTg-AD astrocytes while 50 genes were co-regulated and 61 were anti-regulated (regulated in the opposite direction in the datasets). CONCLUSION Our data show that in cultured astrocytes from an AD mouse model, transcriptional changes occur and are different from those reported in models mimicking later stages of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Ruffinatti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universita del Piemonte Orientale, Via Bovio 6, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - L Tapella
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universita del Piemonte Orientale, Via Bovio 6, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - I Gregnanin
- Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia, Via Malta, 3, 13900, Biella, Italy
| | - A Stevano
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universita del Piemonte Orientale, Via Bovio 6, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - G Chiorino
- Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia, Via Malta, 3, 13900, Biella, Italy
| | - P L Canonico
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universita del Piemonte Orientale, Via Bovio 6, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - C Distasi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universita del Piemonte Orientale, Via Bovio 6, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - A A Genazzani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universita del Piemonte Orientale, Via Bovio 6, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - D Lim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universita del Piemonte Orientale, Via Bovio 6, 28100, Novara, Italy
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21
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Lodola F, Rosti V, Tullii G, Desii A, Tapella L, Catarsi P, Lim D, Moccia F, Antognazza MR. Conjugated polymers optically regulate the fate of endothelial colony-forming cells. Sci Adv 2019; 5:eaav4620. [PMID: 31598549 PMCID: PMC6764832 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aav4620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The control of stem and progenitor cell fate is emerging as a compelling urgency for regenerative medicine. Here, we propose a innovative strategy to gain optical control of endothelial colony-forming cell fate, which represents the only known truly endothelial precursor showing robust in vitro proliferation and overwhelming vessel formation in vivo. We combine conjugated polymers, used as photo-actuators, with the advantages offered by optical stimulation over current electromechanical and chemical stimulation approaches. Light modulation provides unprecedented spatial and temporal resolution, permitting at the same time lower invasiveness and higher selectivity. We demonstrate that polymer-mediated optical excitation induces a robust enhancement of proliferation and lumen formation in vitro. We identify the underlying biophysical pathway as due to light-induced activation of TRPV1 channel. Altogether, our results represent an effective way to induce angiogenesis in vitro, which represents the proof of principle to improve the outcome of autologous cell-based therapy in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Lodola
- Center for Nano Science and Technology @PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Pascoli 70/3, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Corresponding author. (F.L.); (M.R.A.)
| | - V. Rosti
- Center for the Study of Myelofibrosis, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Advanced Diagnosis, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - G. Tullii
- Center for Nano Science and Technology @PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Pascoli 70/3, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. Da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - A. Desii
- Center for Nano Science and Technology @PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Pascoli 70/3, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - L. Tapella
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale “Amedeo Avogadro,” Novara, Italy
| | - P. Catarsi
- Center for the Study of Myelofibrosis, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Advanced Diagnosis, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - D. Lim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale “Amedeo Avogadro,” Novara, Italy
| | - F. Moccia
- Laboratory of General Physiology, Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Lazzaro Spallanzani,” University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - M. R. Antognazza
- Center for Nano Science and Technology @PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Pascoli 70/3, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Corresponding author. (F.L.); (M.R.A.)
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22
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Rocchio F, Tapella L, Manfredi M, Chisari M, Ronco F, Ruffinatti FA, Conte E, Canonico PL, Sortino MA, Grilli M, Marengo E, Genazzani AA, Lim D. Gene expression, proteome and calcium signaling alterations in immortalized hippocampal astrocytes from an Alzheimer's disease mouse model. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:24. [PMID: 30631041 PMCID: PMC6328590 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-1264-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Evidence is rapidly growing regarding a role of astroglial cells in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and the hippocampus is one of the important brain regions affected in AD. While primary astroglial cultures, both from wild-type mice and from rodent models of AD, have been useful for studying astrocyte-specific alterations, the limited cell number and short primary culture lifetime have limited the use of primary hippocampal astrocytes. To overcome these limitations, we have now established immortalized astroglial cell lines from the hippocampus of 3xTg-AD and wild-type control mice (3Tg-iAstro and WT-iAstro, respectively). Both 3Tg-iAstro and WT-iAstro maintain an astroglial phenotype and markers (glutamine synthetase, aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member L1 and aquaporin-4) but display proliferative potential until at least passage 25. Furthermore, these cell lines maintain the potassium inward rectifying (Kir) current and present transcriptional and proteomic profiles compatible with primary astrocytes. Importantly, differences between the 3Tg-iAstro and WT-iAstro cell lines in terms of calcium signaling and in terms of transcriptional changes can be re-conducted to the changes previously reported in primary astroglial cells. To illustrate the versatility of this model we performed shotgun mass spectrometry proteomic analysis and found that proteins related to RNA binding and ribosome are differentially expressed in 3Tg-iAstro vs WT-iAstro. In summary, we present here immortalized hippocampal astrocytes from WT and 3xTg-AD mice that might be a useful model to speed up research on the role of astrocytes in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Rocchio
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy.,International Center for T1D, Pediatric Clinic Research Center Fondazione Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science L. Sacco, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Tapella
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Marcello Manfredi
- Department of Sciences and Technological Innovation, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale, Alessandria, Italy.,ISALIT S.r.l., Spin-off of Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Mariangela Chisari
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia, 97, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Francesca Ronco
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | | | - Eleonora Conte
- Department of Sciences and Technological Innovation, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Pier Luigi Canonico
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Maria Angela Sortino
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia, 97, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Mariagrazia Grilli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Emilio Marengo
- Department of Sciences and Technological Innovation, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Armando A Genazzani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy.
| | - Dmitry Lim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy.
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23
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Stravalaci M, Tapella L, Beeg M, Rossi A, Joshi P, Pizzi E, Mazzanti M, Balducci C, Forloni G, Biasini E, Salmona M, Diomede L, Chiesa R, Gobbi M. The Anti-Prion Antibody 15B3 Detects Toxic Amyloid-β Oligomers. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 53:1485-97. [PMID: 27392850 PMCID: PMC5044783 DOI: 10.3233/jad-150882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
15B3 is a monoclonal IgM antibody that selectively detects pathological aggregates of the prion protein (PrP). We report the unexpected finding that 15B3 also recognizes oligomeric but not monomeric forms of amyloid-β (Aβ)42, an aggregating peptide implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The 15B3 antibody: i) inhibits the binding of synthetic Aβ42 oligomers to recombinant PrP and neuronal membranes; ii) prevents oligomer-induced membrane depolarization; iii) antagonizes the inhibitory effects of oligomers on the physiological pharyngeal contractions of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans; and iv) counteracts the memory deficits induced by intracerebroventricular injection of Aβ42 oligomers in mice. Thus this antibody binds to pathologically relevant forms of Aβ, and offers a potential research, diagnostic, and therapeutic tool for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Stravalaci
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Pharmacology, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Tapella
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy
| | - Marten Beeg
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Pharmacology, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Rossi
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Pharmacology, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy
| | - Pooja Joshi
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano (MI), Italy
| | - Erika Pizzi
- Department of Life Science, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Claudia Balducci
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Forloni
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy
| | - Emiliano Biasini
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy
| | - Mario Salmona
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Pharmacology, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy
| | - Luisa Diomede
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Pharmacology, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Chiesa
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Gobbi
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Pharmacology, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy
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24
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Tapella L, Cerruti M, Biocotino I, Stevano A, Rocchio F, Canonico PL, Grilli M, Genazzani AA, Lim D. TGF-β2 and TGF-β3 from cultured β-amyloid-treated or 3xTg-AD-derived astrocytes may mediate astrocyte-neuron communication. Eur J Neurosci 2018; 47:211-221. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 12/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Tapella
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale “Amedeo Avogadro”; 28100 Novara Italy
| | - Matteo Cerruti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale “Amedeo Avogadro”; 28100 Novara Italy
| | - Isabella Biocotino
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale “Amedeo Avogadro”; 28100 Novara Italy
| | - Alessio Stevano
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale “Amedeo Avogadro”; 28100 Novara Italy
| | - Francesca Rocchio
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale “Amedeo Avogadro”; 28100 Novara Italy
| | - Pier Luigi Canonico
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale “Amedeo Avogadro”; 28100 Novara Italy
| | - Mariagrazia Grilli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale “Amedeo Avogadro”; 28100 Novara Italy
| | - Armando A. Genazzani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale “Amedeo Avogadro”; 28100 Novara Italy
| | - Dmitry Lim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale “Amedeo Avogadro”; 28100 Novara Italy
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25
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Abstract
PURPOSE Endocrine disruptors are known to modulate a variety of endocrine functions and increase the risk for neoplasia. Epidemiological data reported increased prevalence of pituitary tumors in high industrial areas while genotyping studies showed that mutations in the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) interacting protein (AIP)-chaperone to the dioxin ligand AhR-gene are linked to predisposition to pituitary tumor development. Aim of the present study was to establish whether endocrine pollutants can induce cell proliferation in normal rat pituitary cells. METHODS Pituitary primary cultures were incubated with 250, 650 and 1250 pM benzene or 2-ethyl-phthalate for up to 96 h and viability, energy content and cell proliferation assessed. Expression of pituitary tumor transforming gene (PTTG), cyclin D1 (Ccnd1), AhR and AIP was quantified by RT-qPCR. RESULTS Incubation with benzene or 2-ethyl-phthalate increased viability and energy content in pituitary cells. The endocrine disruptors also increased cell proliferation as well as Ccnd1 and PTTG expression. Increased AhR and AIP expression was observed after incubation with the two pollutants. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that benzene and 2-ethyl-phthalate activate AhR/AIP expression and stimulate proliferation in normal rat pituitary cells. This study is the first demonstration that pollutants can induce normal pituitary cells to proliferate and provides a link between epidemiological and genomic findings in pituitary tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Tapella
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonella Sesta
- Neuroendocrinology Research Laboratory, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Via Zucchi 18, 20095, Cusano Milanino, MI, Italy
| | - Maria Francesca Cassarino
- Neuroendocrinology Research Laboratory, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Via Zucchi 18, 20095, Cusano Milanino, MI, Italy
| | - Valentina Zunino
- Unit of Oncological Endocrinology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Pecori Giraldi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
- Neuroendocrinology Research Laboratory, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Via Zucchi 18, 20095, Cusano Milanino, MI, Italy.
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26
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Bouybayoune I, Mantovani S, Del Gallo F, Bertani I, Restelli E, Comerio L, Tapella L, Baracchi F, Fernández-Borges N, Mangieri M, Bisighini C, Beznoussenko GV, Paladini A, Balducci C, Micotti E, Forloni G, Castilla J, Fiordaliso F, Tagliavini F, Imeri L, Chiesa R. Transgenic fatal familial insomnia mice indicate prion infectivity-independent mechanisms of pathogenesis and phenotypic expression of disease. PLoS Pathog 2015; 11:e1004796. [PMID: 25880443 PMCID: PMC4400166 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatal familial insomnia (FFI) and a genetic form of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD178) are clinically different prion disorders linked to the D178N prion protein (PrP) mutation. The disease phenotype is determined by the 129 M/V polymorphism on the mutant allele, which is thought to influence D178N PrP misfolding, leading to the formation of distinctive prion strains with specific neurotoxic properties. However, the mechanism by which misfolded variants of mutant PrP cause different diseases is not known. We generated transgenic (Tg) mice expressing the mouse PrP homolog of the FFI mutation. These mice synthesize a misfolded form of mutant PrP in their brains and develop a neurological illness with severe sleep disruption, highly reminiscent of FFI and different from that of analogously generated Tg(CJD) mice modeling CJD178. No prion infectivity was detectable in Tg(FFI) and Tg(CJD) brains by bioassay or protein misfolding cyclic amplification, indicating that mutant PrP has disease-encoding properties that do not depend on its ability to propagate its misfolded conformation. Tg(FFI) and Tg(CJD) neurons have different patterns of intracellular PrP accumulation associated with distinct morphological abnormalities of the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi, suggesting that mutation-specific alterations of secretory transport may contribute to the disease phenotype. Genetic prion diseases are degenerative brain disorders caused by mutations in the gene encoding the prion protein (PrP). Different PrP mutations cause different diseases, including Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) and fatal familial insomnia (FFI). The reason for this variability is not known, but assembly of the mutant PrPs into distinct aggregates that spread in the brain by promoting PrP aggregation may contribute to the disease phenotype. We previously generated transgenic mice modeling genetic CJD, clinically identified by dementia and motor abnormalities. We have now generated transgenic mice carrying the PrP mutation associated with FFI, and found that they develop severe sleep abnormalities and other key features of the human disorder. Thus, transgenic mice recapitulate the phenotypic differences seen in humans. The mutant PrPs in FFI and CJD mice are aggregated but unable to promote PrP aggregation. They accumulate in different intracellular compartments and cause distinct morphological abnormalities of transport organelles. These results indicate that mutant PrP has disease-encoding properties that are independent of its ability to self-propagate, and suggest that the phenotypic heterogeneity may be due to different effects of aggregated PrP on intracellular transport. Our study provides new insights into the mechanisms of selective neuronal dysfunction due to protein aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ihssane Bouybayoune
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS—“Mario Negri” Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milan, Italy
| | - Susanna Mantovani
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS—“Mario Negri” Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milan, Italy
| | - Federico Del Gallo
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan Medical School, Milan, Italy
| | - Ilaria Bertani
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS—“Mario Negri” Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Restelli
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS—“Mario Negri” Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milan, Italy
| | - Liliana Comerio
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS—“Mario Negri” Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Tapella
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS—“Mario Negri” Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Baracchi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan Medical School, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Michela Mangieri
- Division of Neuropathology and Neurology, IRCCS Foundation “Carlo Besta” National Neurological Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Cinzia Bisighini
- Bio-Imaging Unit, Department of Cardiovascular Research, IRCCS—“Mario Negri” Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Alessandra Paladini
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS—“Mario Negri” Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Balducci
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS—“Mario Negri” Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milan, Italy
| | - Edoardo Micotti
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS—“Mario Negri” Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Forloni
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS—“Mario Negri” Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milan, Italy
| | - Joaquín Castilla
- CIC bioGUNE, Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Derio, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Fabio Fiordaliso
- Bio-Imaging Unit, Department of Cardiovascular Research, IRCCS—“Mario Negri” Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Tagliavini
- Division of Neuropathology and Neurology, IRCCS Foundation “Carlo Besta” National Neurological Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Imeri
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan Medical School, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Chiesa
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS—“Mario Negri” Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milan, Italy
- * E-mail:
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Stravalaci M, Canovi M, Romeo M, Tapella L, Beeg M, Cagnotto A, Salmona M, Chiesa R, Diomede L, Gobbi M. P2‐270: A new immunoassay based on surface plasmon resonance for detection of β‐amyloid oligomers. Alzheimers Dement 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2011.05.1149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mara Canovi
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche “Mario Negri”MilanItaly
| | | | - Laura Tapella
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche “Mario Negri”MilanItaly
| | - Marten Beeg
- ETH‐Zurich / Swiss Federal Institute of Technology‐ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | | | - Mario Salmona
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche “Mario Negri”MilanItaly
| | - Roberto Chiesa
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche “Mario Negri”MilanItaly
| | - Luisa Diomede
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche “Mario Negri”MilanItaly
| | - Marco Gobbi
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche “Mario Negri”MilanItaly
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28
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Balducci C, Beeg M, Stravalaci M, Bastone A, Sclip A, Biasini E, Tapella L, Colombo L, Manzoni C, Borsello T, Chiesa R, Gobbi M, Salmona M, Forloni G. P1‐168: Abeta 1‐40 and 1‐42 oligomer‐mediated memory impairment does not require cellular prion protein. Alzheimers Dement 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2010.05.718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marten Beeg
- Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological ResearchMilan Italy
| | | | - Antonio Bastone
- Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological ResearchMilan Italy
| | | | | | - Laura Tapella
- Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological ResearchMilan Italy
| | - Laura Colombo
- Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological ResearchMilan Italy
| | - Claudia Manzoni
- Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological ResearchMilan Italy
| | | | - Roberto Chiesa
- Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological ResearchMilan Italy
| | - Marco Gobbi
- Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological ResearchMilan Italy
| | - Mario Salmona
- Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological ResearchMilan Italy
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29
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Biasini E, Tapella L, Mantovani S, Stravalaci M, Gobbi M, Harris DA, Chiesa R. Immunopurification of pathological prion protein aggregates. PLoS One 2009; 4:e7816. [PMID: 19915706 PMCID: PMC2773113 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0007816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2009] [Accepted: 10/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Prion diseases are fatal neurodegenerative disorders that can arise sporadically, be genetically inherited or acquired through infection. The key event in these diseases is misfolding of the cellular prion protein (PrPC) into a pathogenic isoform that is rich in β-sheet structure. This conformational change may result in the formation of PrPSc, the prion isoform of PrP, which propagates itself by imprinting its aberrant conformation onto PrPC molecules. A great deal of effort has been devoted to developing protocols for purifying PrPSc for structural studies, and testing its biological properties. Most procedures rely on protease digestion, allowing efficient purification of PrP27-30, the protease-resistant core of PrPSc. However, protease treatment cannot be used to isolate abnormal forms of PrP lacking conventional protease resistance, such as those found in several genetic and atypical sporadic cases. Principal Findings We developed a method for purifying pathological PrP molecules based on sequential centrifugation and immunoprecipitation with a monoclonal antibody selective for aggregated PrP. With this procedure we purified full-length PrPSc and mutant PrP aggregates at electrophoretic homogeneity. PrPSc purified from prion-infected mice was able to seed misfolding of PrPC in a protein misfolding cyclic amplification reaction, and mutant PrP aggregates from transgenic mice were toxic to cultured neurons. Significance The immunopurification protocol described here isolates biologically active forms of aggregated PrP. These preparations may be useful for investigating the structural and chemico-physical properties of infectious and neurotoxic PrP aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiliano Biasini
- Dulbecco Telethon Institute, Milan, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milan, Italy
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Laura Tapella
- Dulbecco Telethon Institute, Milan, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milan, Italy
| | - Susanna Mantovani
- Dulbecco Telethon Institute, Milan, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Stravalaci
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Gobbi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milan, Italy
| | - David A. Harris
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Roberto Chiesa
- Dulbecco Telethon Institute, Milan, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milan, Italy
- * E-mail:
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