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Alsayejh B, Kietsiriroje N, Almutairi M, Simmons K, Pechlivani N, Ponnambalam S, Ajjan RA. Plasmin Inhibitor in Health and Diabetes: Role of the Protein as a Therapeutic Target. TH OPEN 2022; 6:e396-e407. [PMID: 36452200 PMCID: PMC9674435 DOI: 10.1055/a-1957-6817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The vascular obstructive thrombus is composed of a mesh of fibrin fibers with blood cells trapped in these networks. Enhanced fibrin clot formation and/or suppression of fibrinolysis are associated with an increased risk of vascular occlusive events. Inhibitors of coagulation factors and activators of plasminogen have been clinically used to limit fibrin network formation and enhance lysis. While these agents are effective at reducing vascular occlusion, they carry a significant risk of bleeding complications. Fibrin clot lysis, essential for normal hemostasis, is controlled by several factors including the incorporation of antifibrinolytic proteins into the clot. Plasmin inhibitor (PI), a key antifibrinolytic protein, is cross-linked into fibrin networks with higher concentrations of PI documented in fibrin clots and plasma from high vascular risk individuals. This review is focused on exploring PI as a target for the prevention and treatment of vascular occlusive disease. We first discuss the relationship between the PI structure and antifibrinolytic activity, followed by describing the function of the protein in normal physiology and its role in pathological vascular thrombosis. Subsequently, we describe in detail the potential use of PI as a therapeutic target, including the array of methods employed for the modulation of protein activity. Effective and safe inhibition of PI may prove to be an alternative and specific way to reduce vascular thrombotic events while keeping bleeding risk to a minimum. Key Points Plasmin inhibitor (PI) is a key protein that inhibits fibrinolysis and stabilizes the fibrin network.This review is focused on discussing mechanistic pathways for PI action, role of the molecule in disease states, and potential use as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basmah Alsayejh
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Leeds, United Kingdom
- Ministry of Education, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Noppadol Kietsiriroje
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Leeds, United Kingdom
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Mansour Almutairi
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Leeds, United Kingdom
- General Directorate of Medical Services, Ministry of Interior, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Katie Simmons
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Nikoletta Pechlivani
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Sreenivasan Ponnambalam
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, UK
| | - Ramzi A. Ajjan
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Leeds, United Kingdom
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Zheng S, Ye Z, Ji Y, Li N, Zhang L. Development of the Antithrombotic Peptide LEKNSTY Targeting the Collagen Surface: II. Improvement of Plasma Stability. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:7114-7120. [PMID: 35623058 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c00587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The development of antithrombotic peptides targeting collagen was proven effective, and an effective antithrombotic peptide LEKNSTY was obtained in part I. However, the plasma stability of LEKNSTY was found to be not good enough. In this part, the LEKNSTY was further optimized for improvement in plasma stability by substitution using d-amino acid residues. Two novel antithrombotic peptides LekNStY and lEKnsTy were designed, where lowercase letters represent d-amino acid residues. Improvements in plasma stability of both LekNStY and lEKnsTy were experimentally confirmed. Moreover, good binding of these antithrombotic peptides on the collagen surface was confirmed by molecular dynamics simulation and experimental validation. For example, a Kd of only 0.75 ± 0.10 μM was observed for lEKnsTy. Moreover, LekNStY and lEKnsTy were found to inhibit platelet adhesion on the collagen surface more effectively than LEKNSTY, and the IC50 of lEKnsTy was only 2/5 of that of LEKNSTY. These results confirmed the successful design of LekNStY and lEKnsTy that had good plasma stability and could effectively inhibit arterial thrombosis, which would be helpful for the research into interfaces involved in thrombus formation and the development of antithrombotic nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Zheng
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao Ye
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Yufan Ji
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Nanxing Li
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
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3
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Abdel-Moneim A, Semmler M, Abdel-Reheim ES, Zanaty MI, Addaleel W. Association of glycemic status and interferon-γ production with leukocytes and platelet indices alterations in type2 diabetes. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2019; 13:1963-1969. [PMID: 31235122 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2019.04.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The present study aimed to evaluate the correlation between glycemic status and the inflammation biomarkers; leukocytes, platelets indices and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) production in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients regarding diabetic complications. METHODS Study was conducted on 158 patients allocated as normal healthy subjects (50) and 108 patients diagnosed as T2DM. The diabetic patients were subdivided into six groups according to metformin administration as mono-or dual therapies. RESULTS The current results exhibited a significant elevation in systolic blood pressure, total and LDL-cholesterol levels and IFN-γ as well as a noticeable decrease in HDL-cholesterol and anti-atherogenic factor values compared to the healthy patients. Leukocytes and neutrophils count, main platelets volume (MPV) and platelet distribution width (PDW) values revealed noticeable elevations in most treated T2DM groups, while a marked depletion was recorded in platelets count compared to healthy subjects. Glycemic control, most treated diabetic patients with metformin mono- and dual therapies showed an ameliorative effect in HbA1c, IFN-γ, MPV, and PDW values compared to recent diabetic ones. CONCLUSION Diabetes was correlated significantly with dyslipidemia and atherogenic risk in parallel with an increase in IFN-γ production and hematological inflammatory biomarkers; leukocytes, neutrophil/lymphocyte and platelet/lymphocyte ratios, MPV and PDW values. The amelioration in inflammatory biomarkers was associated with improvement in glycemic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel Abdel-Moneim
- Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Egypt.
| | - Margit Semmler
- Institute, Diabetes Research Düsseldorf University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Eman S Abdel-Reheim
- Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Egypt
| | - Mohamed I Zanaty
- Biotechnology Department, Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Science, Beni-Suef University, Egypt
| | - Wessam Addaleel
- Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Egypt
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4
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Sumaya W, Parker WAE, Fretwell R, Hall IR, Barmby DS, Richardson JD, Iqbal J, Adam Z, Morgan KP, Gunn JP, Mason AE, Judge HM, Gale CP, Ajjan RA, Storey RF. Pharmacodynamic Effects of a 6-Hour Regimen of Enoxaparin in Patients Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PENNY PCI Study). Thromb Haemost 2018; 118:1250-1256. [PMID: 29874689 PMCID: PMC6202933 DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1657768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Delayed onset of action of oral P2Y
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inhibitors in ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients may increase the risk of acute stent thrombosis. Available parenteral anti-thrombotic strategies, to deal with this issue, are limited by added cost and increased risk of bleeding. We investigated the pharmacodynamic effects of a novel regimen of enoxaparin in STEMI patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI). Twenty patients were recruited to receive 0.75 mg/kg bolus of enoxaparin (pre-PPCI) followed by infusion of enoxaparin 0.75 mg/kg/6 h. At four time points (pre-anti-coagulation, end of PPCI, 2–3 hours into infusion and at the end of infusion), anti-Xa levels were determined using chromogenic assays, fibrin clots were assessed by turbidimetric analysis and platelet P2Y
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inhibition was determined by VerifyNow P2Y12 assay. Clinical outcomes were determined 14 hours after enoxaparin initiation. Nineteen of 20 patients completed the enoxaparin regimen; one patient, who developed no-reflow phenomenon, was switched to tirofiban after the enoxaparin bolus. All received ticagrelor 180 mg before angiography. Mean (± standard error of the mean) anti-Xa levels were sustained during enoxaparin infusion (1.17 ± 0.06 IU/mL at the end of PPCI and 1.003 ± 0.06 IU/mL at 6 hours), resulting in prolonged fibrin clot lag time and increased lysis potential. Onset of platelet P2Y
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inhibition was delayed in opiate-treated patients. No patients had thrombotic or bleeding complications. In conclusion, enoxaparin 0.75 mg/kg bolus followed by 0.75 mg/kg/6 h provides sustained anti-Xa levels in PPCI patients. This may protect from acute stent thrombosis in opiate-treated PPCI patients who frequently have delayed onset of oral P2Y
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inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wael Sumaya
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, Sheffield Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom.,South Yorkshire Cardiothoracic Centre, Northern General Hospital, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - William A E Parker
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, Sheffield Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom.,South Yorkshire Cardiothoracic Centre, Northern General Hospital, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Rebekah Fretwell
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, Sheffield Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Ian R Hall
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, Sheffield Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom.,South Yorkshire Cardiothoracic Centre, Northern General Hospital, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - David S Barmby
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, Sheffield Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom.,South Yorkshire Cardiothoracic Centre, Northern General Hospital, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - James D Richardson
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, Sheffield Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom.,South Yorkshire Cardiothoracic Centre, Northern General Hospital, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Javaid Iqbal
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, Sheffield Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom.,South Yorkshire Cardiothoracic Centre, Northern General Hospital, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Zulfiquar Adam
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, Sheffield Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom.,South Yorkshire Cardiothoracic Centre, Northern General Hospital, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Kenneth P Morgan
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, Sheffield Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Julian P Gunn
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, Sheffield Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom.,South Yorkshire Cardiothoracic Centre, Northern General Hospital, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Annah E Mason
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, Sheffield Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom.,South Yorkshire Cardiothoracic Centre, Northern General Hospital, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Heather M Judge
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, Sheffield Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom.,South Yorkshire Cardiothoracic Centre, Northern General Hospital, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher P Gale
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Ramzi A Ajjan
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Robert F Storey
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, Sheffield Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom.,South Yorkshire Cardiothoracic Centre, Northern General Hospital, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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5
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Kallel A, Sbaï MH, Sédiri Y, Feki M, Mourali MS, Mechmeche R, Jemaa R, Kaabachi N. Association Between the G20210A Polymorphism of Prothrombin Gene and Myocardial Infarction in Tunisian Population. Biochem Genet 2016; 54:653-64. [PMID: 27306359 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-016-9744-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The prothrombin is the precursor of the serine protease thrombin, a key enzyme in homeostasis. Prothrombin G20210A polymorphism (rs1799963) was described as a moderate risk factor for venous thrombosis because this mutation is associated with prothrombin elevated levels which may lead to an imbalance between the procoagulant, anticoagulant, and fibrinolytic system. 20210A carriers have an increased risk of thrombosis. In this study, we proposed to determine the prevalence of 20210A prothrombin variant among Tunisian population, and to evaluate the potential relevance of this variant with myocardial infarction. This study included 1290 unrelated Tunisians (1007 male and 283 female) divided in two groups: Four hundred and eighty-seven MI patients (mean age: 52.64 ± 8.98 years) and 803 apparently healthy controls (mean age: 51 ± 8.99). The prothrombin G20210A polymorphism was carried out by polymerase chain reaction/restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis. The distribution of genotypes was in accordance with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (p > 0.05). A significant difference in genotype distribution and allele frequency was observed between patients and controls. Male patients with MI had a frequency of 97 % for GG genotype and 3 % for GA+AA genotypes. The control group had a frequency of 99 % for the GG genotype and 1 % for the GA+AA genotypes which is significantly lower than the frequency found in patients (p = 0.01). The same genotype frequencies were found in women (p = 0.032). The MI patient group showed a significantly higher frequency of 20210A allele compared to controls 0.02 versus 0.01 [OR = 3.60 (95 % CI = 1.29-10.53), p = 0.005] in men and 0.015 versus 0.068 [OR = 4.68 (95 % CI = 1.60-14.26), p = 0.001] in women. Our work showed a significant but not independent association between the G20210A polymorphism of the prothrombin gene and MI in the Tunisian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amani Kallel
- Faculté de Medicine de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, 1007, Tunis, Tunisia
- Hôpital la Rabta, Service de Biochimie, Université de Tunis El Manar, LR99ES11, 1007, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Hedi Sbaï
- Faculté de Medicine de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, 1007, Tunis, Tunisia
- Hôpital la Rabta, Service de Biochimie, Université de Tunis El Manar, LR99ES11, 1007, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Yousra Sédiri
- Faculté de Medicine de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, 1007, Tunis, Tunisia
- Hôpital la Rabta, Service de Biochimie, Université de Tunis El Manar, LR99ES11, 1007, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Moncef Feki
- Faculté de Medicine de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, 1007, Tunis, Tunisia
- Hôpital la Rabta, Service de Biochimie, Université de Tunis El Manar, LR99ES11, 1007, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Sami Mourali
- Hôpital la Rabta, Service des Explorations Fonctionnelles et de Reanimations en Cardiologie, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Rachid Mechmeche
- Hôpital la Rabta, Service des Explorations Fonctionnelles et de Reanimations en Cardiologie, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Riadh Jemaa
- Faculté de Medicine de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, 1007, Tunis, Tunisia.
- Hôpital la Rabta, Service de Biochimie, Université de Tunis El Manar, LR99ES11, 1007, Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Naziha Kaabachi
- Faculté de Medicine de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, 1007, Tunis, Tunisia
- Hôpital la Rabta, Service de Biochimie, Université de Tunis El Manar, LR99ES11, 1007, Tunis, Tunisia
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6
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Development of antithrombotic nanoconjugate blocking integrin α2β1-collagen interactions. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26292. [PMID: 27195826 PMCID: PMC4872532 DOI: 10.1038/srep26292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
An antithrombotic nanoconjugate was designed in which a designed biomimetic peptide LWWNSYY was immobilized to the surface of poly(glycidyl methacrylate) nanoparticles (PGMA NPs). Our previous work has demonstrated LWWNSYY to be an effective inhibitor of integrin α2β1-collagen interaction and subsequent thrombus formation, however its practical application suffered from the formation of clusters in physiological environment caused by its high hydrophobicity. In our present study, the obtained LWWNSYY-PGMA nanoparticles (L-PGMA NPs) conjugate, with an improved dispersibility of LWWNSYY by PGMA NPs, have shown binding to collagen receptors with a Kd of 3.45 ± 1.06 μM. L-PGMA NPs have also proven capable of inhibiting platelet adhesion in vitro with a reduced IC50 of 1.83 ± 0.29 μg/mL. High inhibition efficiency of L-PGMA NPs in thrombus formation was further confirmed in vivo with a 50% reduction of thrombus weight. Therefore, L-PGMA NPs were developed as a high-efficiency antithrombotic nanomedicine targeted for collagen exposed on diseased blood vessel wall.
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Kyriakakis N, Lynch J, Ajjan R, Murray RD. The effects of pituitary and thyroid disorders on haemostasis: potential clinical implications. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2016; 84:473-84. [PMID: 25753252 DOI: 10.1111/cen.12767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Revised: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Disturbances of coagulation and fibrinolysis are usually multifactorial and growing evidence suggests that endocrinopathies modulate the haemostatic balance. The thrombotic alterations in endocrine disorders range from mild laboratory clotting abnormalities with little clinical significance to serious thrombotic and bleeding disorders directly related to hormonal disturbances. This literature review focuses on presenting the current data on the effects of thyroid and pituitary disorders on various parameters of the haemostatic system. With the exception of overt hypothyroidism which appears to cause a bleeding tendency, the rest of the endocrinopathies discussed in this review (subclinical hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, endogenous hypercortisolaemia, growth hormone deficiency, acromegaly, prolactinoma/hyperprolactinaemia and hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism) are associated with a hypercoagulable and hypofibrinolytic state, increasing the overall cardiovascular risk and thromboembolic potential in these patients. In most studies, the haemostatic abnormalities seen in endocrine disorders are usually reversible with successful treatment of the underlying condition and biochemical disease remission. High-quality studies on larger patient cohorts are needed to produce robust evidence on the effects of endocrine disorders and their therapeutic interventions on coagulation and fibrinolysis, as well as on the long-term mortality and morbidity outcomes in association with endocrine-related haemostatic imbalance. Given the rarity of some of the endocrine disorders, multicentre studies are required to achieve this target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Kyriakakis
- Department of Endocrinology, Leeds Centre for Diabetes & Endocrinology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Julie Lynch
- Department of Endocrinology, Leeds Centre for Diabetes & Endocrinology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Ramzi Ajjan
- Department of Endocrinology, Leeds Centre for Diabetes & Endocrinology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
- Division of Cardiovascular and Diabetes Research, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine (LICAMM), University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Robert D Murray
- Department of Endocrinology, Leeds Centre for Diabetes & Endocrinology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
- Division of Cardiovascular and Diabetes Research, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine (LICAMM), University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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8
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Ni Z, Zhang Y, Wang H, Wei Y, Ma B, Hao J, Tu P, Duan H, Li X, Jiang P, Ma X, Wang B, Wu R, Zhu J, Li M. Construction of a Fusion Peptide 5rolGLP-HV and Analysis of its Therapeutic Effect on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Thrombosis in Mice. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2016; 179:59-74. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-016-1979-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Fan NK, Keegan PM, Platt MO, Averett RD. Experimental and imaging techniques for examining fibrin clot structures in normal and diseased states. J Vis Exp 2015:e52019. [PMID: 25867016 PMCID: PMC4401406 DOI: 10.3791/52019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrin is an extracellular matrix protein that is responsible for maintaining the structural integrity of blood clots. Much research has been done on fibrin in the past years to include the investigation of synthesis, structure-function, and lysis of clots. However, there is still much unknown about the morphological and structural features of clots that ensue from patients with disease. In this research study, experimental techniques are presented that allow for the examination of morphological differences of abnormal clot structures due to diseased states such as diabetes and sickle cell anemia. Our study focuses on the preparation and evaluation of fibrin clots in order to assess morphological differences using various experimental assays and confocal microscopy. In addition, a method is also described that allows for continuous, real-time calculation of lysis rates in fibrin clots. The techniques described herein are important for researchers and clinicians seeking to elucidate comorbid thrombotic pathologies such as myocardial infarctions, ischemic heart disease, and strokes in patients with diabetes or sickle cell disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie K Fan
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University School of Medicine
| | - Philip M Keegan
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University School of Medicine
| | - Manu O Platt
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University School of Medicine; Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering & Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology
| | - Rodney D Averett
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering & Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology; George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology;
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Zhang L, Sun Y. Biomimetic design of platelet adhesion inhibitors to block integrin α2β1-collagen interactions: I. Construction of an affinity binding model. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:4725-4733. [PMID: 24697616 DOI: 10.1021/la404599s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Platelet adhesion on a collagen surface through integrin α2β1 has been proven to be significant for the formation of arterial thrombus. However, the molecular determinants mediating the integrin-collagen complex remain unclear. In the present study, the dynamics of integrin-collagen binding and molecular interactions were investigated using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and molecular mechanics-Poisson-Boltzmann surface area (MM-PBSA) analysis. Hydrophobic interaction is identified as the major driving force for the formation of the integrin-collagen complex. On the basis of the MD simulation and MM-PBSA results, an affinity binding model (ABM) of integrin for collagen is constructed; it is composed of five residues, including Y157, N154, S155, R288, and L220. The ABM has been proven to capture the major binding motif contributing 84.8% of the total binding free energy. On the basis of the ABM, we expect to establish a biomimetic design strategy of platelet adhesion inhibitors, which would be beneficial for the development of potent peptide-based drugs for thrombotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China
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11
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Diabetes is associated with posttranslational modifications in plasminogen resulting in reduced plasmin generation and enzyme-specific activity. Blood 2013; 122:134-42. [PMID: 23699598 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2013-04-494641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is associated with hypofibrinolysis by mechanisms that are only partially understood. We investigated the effects of in vivo plasminogen glycation on fibrinolysis, plasmin generation, protein proteolytic activity, and plasminogen-fibrin interactions. Plasma was collected from healthy controls and individuals with type 1 diabetes before and after improving glycemia. Plasma-purified plasmin(ogen) functional activity was evaluated by chromogenic, turbidimetric, and plasmin conversion assays, with surface plasmon resonance employed for fibrin-plasminogen interactions. Plasminogen posttranslational modifications were quantified by mass spectrometry and glycation sites located by peptide mapping. Diabetes was associated with impaired plasma fibrin network lysis, which partly normalized upon improving glycaemia. Purified plasmin(ogen) from diabetic subjects had impaired fibrinolytic activity compared with controls (723 ± 16 and 317 ± 4 s, respectively; P < .01), mainly related to decreased fibrin-dependent plasmin generation and reduced protease activity (Kcat/KM 2.57 ± 1.02 × 10⁻³ and 5.67 ± 0.98 × 10⁻³ M⁻¹s⁻¹, respectively; P < .05). Nε-fructosyl-lysine residue on plasminogen was increased in diabetes compared with controls (6.26 ± 3.43 and 1.82 ± 0.95%mol, respectively; P < .01) with preferential glycation of lysines 107 and 557, sites involved in fibrin binding and plasmin(ogen) cleavage, respectively. Glycation of plasminogen in diabetes directly affects fibrinolysis by decreasing plasmin generation and reducing protein-specific activity, changes that are reversible with modest improvement in glycemic control.
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Zhang Y, Wei Y, Ma B, Qiao K, Ma Z, Li C, Ma C, Ji Y, Dong Z, Hao J, Tu P, Zhu JH, Li M. Expression of rolGLP-HV in E. coli and its Dual-Function for the Treatment of Diabetes and Thrombosis. Int J Pept Res Ther 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-013-9346-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Khan S, Khan S, Imran M, Pillai KK, Akhtar M, Najmi AK. Effects of pioglitazone and vildagliptin on coagulation cascade in diabetes mellitus – targeting thrombogenesis. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2013; 17:627-39. [DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2013.764991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Vívenes M, Castro de Guerra D, Rodríguez-Larralde Á, Arocha-Piñango CL, Guerrero B. Activity and levels of factor XIII in a Venezuelan admixed population: association with rs5985 (Val35Leu) and STR F13A01 polymorphisms. Thromb Res 2012; 130:729-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2012.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2012] [Revised: 07/19/2012] [Accepted: 07/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Li J, Zhang L, Sun Y. Molecular basis of the initial platelet adhesion in arterial thrombosis: Molecular dynamics simulations. J Mol Graph Model 2012; 37:49-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2012.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2011] [Revised: 03/17/2012] [Accepted: 04/05/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Shay CM, Stamler J, Dyer AR, Brown IJ, Chan Q, Elliott P, Zhao L, Okuda N, Miura K, Daviglus ML, Van Horn L. Nutrient and food intakes of middle-aged adults at low risk of cardiovascular disease: the international study of macro-/micronutrients and blood pressure (INTERMAP). Eur J Nutr 2011; 51:917-26. [PMID: 22057680 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-011-0268-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2011] [Accepted: 10/18/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Individuals with favorable levels of readily measured cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors (low risk, LR) experience low long-term rates of CVD mortality and greater longevity. The purpose of the current study was to compare nutrient/food intakes of LR participants with participants not LR in the INTERMAP study. METHODS Men and women (40-59 years) from 17 population samples in four countries (China, Japan, UK, US) provided four 24-h dietary recalls and two timed 24-h urine collections. LR was defined as meeting all of the following CVD risk criteria: systolic/diastolic blood pressure (BP) ≤ 120/ ≤ 80 mmHg; no drug treatment for high BP, hyperlipidemia, or CVD; non-smoking; BMI <25.0 kg/m(2) (US, UK) or <23.0 kg/m(2) (China, Japan); alcohol consumption <26.0 g/day (men)/<13.0 g/day (women); and no history of diabetes or CVD. Multivariate logistic regression was used to examine associations of nutrient/food intakes with LR. RESULTS LR individuals reported higher intake of vegetable protein, fiber, magnesium, non-heme iron, potassium; lower energy intake; lower intake of cholesterol, saturated fatty acids, animal protein; and lower 24-h urinary sodium compared with individuals not LR. With regard to foods, LR individuals reported higher intake of fruits, vegetables, grains, pasta/rice, fish; lower intakes of meats, processed meats, high-fat dairy, and sugar-sweetened beverages than individuals not LR. CONCLUSIONS Lower energy intake and differential intake of multiple specific nutrients and foods are characteristic of individuals at low risk for developing CVD. Identification of dietary habits associated with LR is important for further development of public health efforts aimed at reduction/prevention of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina M Shay
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
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Mnonopi N, Levendal RA, Davies-Coleman MT, Frost CL. The cardioprotective effects of marrubiin, a diterpenoid found in Leonotis leonurus extracts. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2011; 138:67-75. [PMID: 21893184 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2011] [Revised: 07/20/2011] [Accepted: 08/16/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Leonotis leonurus L. (Lamiaceae) is used as a traditional medicine for a variety of ailments in South Africa. The diterpene marrubiin is the major product constituent in specimens of this plant occurring in South Africa. MATERIALS AND METHODS Marrubiin isolated from South African specimens of L. leonurus in addition to an organic extract of L. leonurus were tested in vivo, ex vivo and in vitro for their anticoagulant, antiplatelet and anti-inflammatory activities. RESULTS Marrubiin and the organic extract suppressed coagulation, platelet aggregation and inflammatory markers. For the coagulation markers it was found that the organic extract and marrubiin significantly prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT). Fibrin and D-dimer formation were drastically decreased. These findings were observed in an ex vivo model and an obese rat model. Chemokines enhance leukocyte recruitment to inflammatory sites. TNF-α and RANTES secretion were significantly reduced by the extract and marrubiin when determined in the obese rat model relative to the controls. Calcium mobilization and TXB(2) synthesis were suppressed by the extract and marrubiin. An in vitro model was used to elucidate the antiplatelet mechanism and it was found that the extract and marrubiin inhibited platelet aggregation by inhibiting the binding of fibrinogen to glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa receptor in a concentration dependent manner. CONCLUSION The findings reflect that marrubiin largely contributes to the extract's anticoagulant, antiplatelet and anti-inflammatory effects observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandipha Mnonopi
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, PO Box 77000, Port Elizabeth, 6031 South Africa
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Hess K, Grant PJ. Inflammation and thrombosis in diabetes. Thromb Haemost 2011; 105 Suppl 1:S43-54. [PMID: 21479339 DOI: 10.1160/ths10-11-0739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2010] [Accepted: 02/14/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Patients with diabetes mellitus are at increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Atherothrombosis, defined as atherosclerotic lesion disruption with superimposed thrombus formation, is the most common cause of death among these patients. Following plaque rupture, adherence of platelets is followed by local activation of coagulation, the formation of a cross-linked fibrin clot and the development of an occlusive platelet rich fibrin mesh. Patients with diabetes exhibit a thrombotic risk clustering which is composed of hyper-reactive platelets, up regulation of pro-thrombotic markers and suppression of fibrinolysis. These changes are mainly mediated by the presence of insulin resistance and dysglycaemia and an increased inflammatory state which directly affects platelet function, coagulation factors and clot structure. This prothrombotic state is related to increased cardiovascular risk and may account for the reduced response to antithrombotic therapeutic approaches, underpinning the need for adequate antithrombotic therapy in patients with diabetes to reduce their cardiovascular mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Hess
- Division of Cardiovascular and Diabetes Research, Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, LIGHT Laboratories, Clarendon Way, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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Abstract
Atherothrombotic complications are the main cause of mortality in subjects with diabetes. Premature atherosclerosis, increased platelet reactivity and activation of coagulation factors with associated hypofibrinolysis all contribute to increased cardiovascular risk in this population. Blood clot formation represents the last step in the atherothrombotic process, and the structure of the fibrin network has a role in determining predisposition to cardiovascular disease. In this review, we discuss alterations in coagulation factor plasma levels and/or activity in diabetes and clarify their role in predisposition to cardiovascular events. The effect of diabetes on fibrin network structure/fibrinolysis is reviewed and potential mechanisms that modify clot properties are discussed. Finally, modulation of clotting potential by the various therapeutic agents used in diabetes is examined. Understanding the mechanisms by which diabetes influences the coagulation pathway will help to develop more effective treatment strategies to reduce thrombotic events in subjects with this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Alzahrani
- Division of Cardiovascular and Diabetes Research, Leeds Institute of Genetics Health and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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