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Chemistry and Biological Activities of Naturally Occurring and Structurally Modified Podophyllotoxins. Molecules 2022; 28:molecules28010302. [PMID: 36615496 PMCID: PMC9822336 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants containing podophyllotoxin and its analogues have been used as folk medicines for centuries. The characteristic chemical structures and strong biological activities of this class of compounds attracted attention worldwide. Currently, more than ninety natural podophyllotoxins were isolated, and structure modifications of these molecules were performed to afford a variety of derivatives, which offered optimized anti-tumor activity. This review summarized up to date reports on natural occurring podophyllotoxins and their sources, structural modification and biological activities. Special attention was paid to both structural modification and optimized antitumor activity. It was noteworthy that etoposide, a derivative of podophyllotoxin, could prevent cytokine storm caused by the recent SARS-CoV-2 viral infection.
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2
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Design and Synthesis of 4-O-Podophyllotoxin Sulfamate Derivatives as Potential Cytotoxic Agents. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:6672807. [PMID: 33574882 PMCID: PMC7857870 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6672807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
4-O-Podophyllotoxin sulfamate derivatives were prepared using the natural lignan podophyllotoxin. The prepared compounds were afforded by reacting O-sulfonyl chloride podophyllotoxin with ammonia or aminoaryl/heteroaryl motif. Biological evaluation was performed in human breast cancer (MCF7), ovarian cancer (A2780), colon adenocarcinoma (HT29), and normal lung fibroblast (MRC5) cell lines. Compound 3 exhibited potent inhibitory activity and good selectivity margin. Compounds 2, 3, and 7 exerted apoptotic effect in MCF7 cells in a dose-dependent manner. The cytotoxicity of the verified compounds was inferior to that of podophyllotoxin.
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3
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4
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Synthesis of podophyllotoxin linked β-carboline congeners as potential anticancer agents and DNA topoisomerase II inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 144:557-571. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.12.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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5
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Pillai V, Buch L, Desai A, Singh VK. Derivatives of 4, 4’-Oxydianiline Show Distinct In Vitro Cytotoxicity, Apoptosis Induction, and Selectivity against HepG2 Cancer Cells. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201702296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vineeta Pillai
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Science; The M. S. University of Baroda; Vadodara-390 002 India
| | - Lipi Buch
- Department of Zoology; Faculty of Science; The M. S. University of Baroda; Vadodara-390 002 India
| | - Arpita Desai
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Science; The M. S. University of Baroda; Vadodara-390 002 India
| | - Vinay K. Singh
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Science; The M. S. University of Baroda; Vadodara-390 002 India
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6
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Vishnuvardhan MVPS, V SR, Chandrasekhar K, Lakshma Nayak V, Sayeed IB, Alarifi A, Kamal A. Click chemistry-assisted synthesis of triazolo linked podophyllotoxin conjugates as tubulin polymerization inhibitors. MEDCHEMCOMM 2017; 8:1817-1823. [PMID: 30108892 PMCID: PMC6084182 DOI: 10.1039/c7md00273d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A series of new triazolo linked 4β-amidopodophyllotoxin conjugates (9a-l) were synthesized using click chemistry and evaluated for their antitumor activity against four human cancer cell lines. Among them, two compounds (9c and 9j) showed significant anticancer activity with IC50 values of 0.9 and 0.07 μM, respectively. Biological studies are conducted into the cell-cycle distribution of these conjugates inducing G2/M-phase arrest, apart from an increase in the levels of caspase-3 proteins, followed by apoptotic cell death. A tubulin polymerization assay analysis showed that these compounds effectively inhibit microtubule assembly in HeLa cells and, moreover, Hoechst 33258 and Immunohistochemistry staining suggest that these compounds induce cell death by apoptosis. The docking studies showed that compounds 9c and 9j interact and bind efficiently with the tubulin protein at the colchicine site.
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Affiliation(s)
- M V P S Vishnuvardhan
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology , CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology , Tarnaka , Hyderabad 500007 , India .
| | - Saidi Reddy V
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology , CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology , Tarnaka , Hyderabad 500007 , India .
| | - Kunta Chandrasekhar
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology , CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology , Tarnaka , Hyderabad 500007 , India .
| | - V Lakshma Nayak
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology , CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology , Tarnaka , Hyderabad 500007 , India .
| | - Ibrahim Bin Sayeed
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology , CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology , Tarnaka , Hyderabad 500007 , India .
| | - Abdullah Alarifi
- Catalytic Chemistry Research Chair , Chemistry Department , College of Science , King Saud University , Riyadh 11451 , Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Kamal
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology , CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology , Tarnaka , Hyderabad 500007 , India .
- Catalytic Chemistry Research Chair , Chemistry Department , College of Science , King Saud University , Riyadh 11451 , Saudi Arabia
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7
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Retracted: Synthesis and characterization of the core-shell magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer nanoparticles using 2-(methacrylamido)ethyl methacrylate amide as a novel crosslink agent for controlled release of betamethasone. J Appl Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/app.40466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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8
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Podophyllum derivatives containing fluorine atom in the 3-position of 2-aminopyridine improved the antitumor activity by inducing P53-dependent apoptosis. Med Chem Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-017-1841-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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9
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Kadu R, Roy H, Singh VK. Diphenyltin(IV) dithiocarbamate macrocyclic scaffolds as potent apoptosis inducers for human cancer HEP 3B and IMR 32 cells: synthesis, spectral characterization, density functional theory study andin vitrocytotoxicity. Appl Organomet Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.3362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Kadu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; MS University of Baroda; Vadodara 390 002 India
| | - Hetal Roy
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science; MS University of Baroda; Vadodara 390 002 India
| | - Vinay K. Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; MS University of Baroda; Vadodara 390 002 India
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10
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Paidakula S, Kankala S, Kankala RK, Juluru B, Jonnalagadda SB, Lee CH, Vadde R, Vasam CS. Synthesis and biological evaluation of 4β-benzoxazolepodophyllotoxin hybrids as DNA topoisomerase-II targeting anticancer agents. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra15366b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of new 4β-benzoxazolepodophyllotoxin compounds (9a–j) were prepared and screened for molecular modelling and cytotoxicity against various human tumour cell lines. Cell apoptosis evaluation was performed using Hoechst staining.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shravankumar Kankala
- Department of Chemistry
- Kakatiya University
- Warangal
- India
- School of Physics and Chemistry
| | - Ranjith kumar Kankala
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Biotechnology
- National Dong Hwa University
- Hualien
- Taiwan
| | | | | | - Chia-Hung Lee
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Biotechnology
- National Dong Hwa University
- Hualien
- Taiwan
| | | | - Chandra Sekhar Vasam
- Department of Chemistry
- Satavahana University
- India
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- Telangana University
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11
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Liu YQ, Tian J, Qian K, Zhao XB, Morris-Natschke SL, Yang L, Nan X, Tian X, Lee KH. Recent progress on C-4-modified podophyllotoxin analogs as potent antitumor agents. Med Res Rev 2015; 35:1-62. [PMID: 24827545 PMCID: PMC4337794 DOI: 10.1002/med.21319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Podophyllotoxin (PPT), as well as its congeners and derivatives, exhibits pronounced biological activities, especially antineoplastic effects. Its strong inhibitory effect on tumor cell growth led to the development of three of the most highly prescribed anticancer drugs in the world, etoposide, teniposide, and the water-soluble prodrug etoposide phosphate. Their clinical success as well as intriguing mechanism of action stimulated great interest in further modification of PPT for better antitumor activity. The C-4 position has been a major target for structural derivatization aimed at either producing more potent compounds or overcoming drug resistance. Accordingly, numerous PPT derivatives have been prepared via hemisynthesis and important structure-activity relationship (SAR) correlations have been identified. Several resulting compounds, including GL-331, TOP-53, and NK611, reached clinical trials. Some excellent reviews on the distribution, sources, applications, synthesis, and SAR of PPT have been published. This review focuses on a second generation of new etoposide-related drugs and provides detailed coverage of the current status and recent development of C-4-modified PPT analogs as anticancer clinical trial candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Qian Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jing Tian
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Keduo Qian
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Xiao-Bo Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Susan L. Morris-Natschke
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Liu Yang
- Environmental and Municipal Engineering School, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Nan
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xuan Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Kuo-Hsiung Lee
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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12
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SAR analysis and biological studies of synthesized podophyllum derivates obtained by N linkage modification at C-4 position. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 22:6183-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Revised: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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13
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Synthesis, recognition and evaluation of molecularly imprinted polymer nanoparticle using miniemulsion polymerization for controlled release and analysis of risperidone in human plasma samples. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-013-0287-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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14
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Synthesis of a terphenyl substituted 4-aza-2,3-didehydropodophyllotoxin analogues as inhibitors of tubulin polymerization and apoptosis inducers. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 22:2714-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2014] [Revised: 03/08/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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15
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Azodi-Deilami S, Abdouss M, Kordestani D, Shariatinia Z. Preparation of N,N-p-phenylene bismethacryl amide as a novel cross-link agent for synthesis and characterization of the core-shell magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer nanoparticles. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2014; 25:645-656. [PMID: 24338334 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-013-5118-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2013] [Accepted: 11/29/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Novel magnetic molecularly imprinted nanoparticles (MMIPs) using N,N-p-phenylene bismethacryl amide as a cross linker and super paramagnetic core-shell nanoparticle as a supporter for use in controlled release were prepared by precipitation polymerization. Novel cross-linking agents were synthesized by the reaction of methacryloyl chloride with p-phenylenediamine. Then, the Fe3O4 nanoparticles were encapsulated with a SiO2 shell and functionalized with -CH=CH2 and MMIPs were further prepared by using methacrylic acid as a functional monomer, N,N-p-phenylene bismethacryl amide as a cross-linking agent and betamethasone as template. Magnetic non-MIPs were also prepared with the same synthesis procedure as with MMIPs only without the presence of the template. The obtained MMIPs were characterized by using transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectrum, X-ray diffraction, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and the vibrating sample magnetometer. The performance of the MMIPs for the controlled release of betamethasone was assessed and results indicated that the magnetic MIPs also had potential applications in drug controlled release.
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16
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Singh VK, Kadu R, Roy H. 4,4′-Diaminodiphenyl ether derivatives: Synthesis, spectral, optical, thermal characterization and in-vitro cytotoxicity against Hep 3B and IMR 32 human cell lines. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 74:552-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2013] [Revised: 12/21/2013] [Accepted: 12/24/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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17
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Synthesis and characterization of the magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer nanoparticles using N, N-bis methacryloyl ethylenediamine as a new cross-linking agent for controlled release of meloxicam. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2014; 172:3271-86. [PMID: 24510441 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-014-0769-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 12/29/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The novel magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers (MMIPs) had been synthesized using N,N-bis methacryloyl ethylenediamine as a cross-linker for the controlled release of meloxicam at a pH of 1.0 (simulated gastric fluid), at a pH of 6.8 (simulated intestinal fluid) and at a pH of 7.4 (simulated biological fluids). The MMIPs were prepared via precipitation polymerization, using Fe3O4 as a magnetic component, meloxicam as a template molecule, methacrylic acid (MAA) as a functional monomer and N,N-bis methacryloyl ethylenediamine as a new cross-linker in acetonitrile/dimethyl sulfoxide porogen. Magnetic non-molecularly imprinted polymers (MNIPs) were also prepared with the same synthesis procedure as with MMIPs only without the presence of the template. The obtained MMIPs were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), dynamic light scattering (DLS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The performance of the MMIPs for the controlled release of meloxicam was assessed, and the results indicated that the magnetic MIPs also had potential applications in drug controlled release.
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18
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Kamal A, Tamboli JR, Ramaiah MJ, Adil SF, Pushpavalli SNCVL, Ganesh R, Sarma P, Bhadra U, Pal-Bhadra M. Quinazolino linked 4β-amidopodophyllotoxin conjugates regulate angiogenic pathway and control breast cancer cell proliferation. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:6414-26. [PMID: 24055291 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.08.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Revised: 08/21/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A series of new conjugates of quinazolino linked 4β-amidopodophyllotoxins 10aa-af and 10ba-bf were synthesized and evaluated for their anticancer activity against human pancreatic carcinoma (Panc-1) as well as breast cancer cell lines such as MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 by employing MTT assay. Among these conjugates, some of them like 10bc, 10bd, 10be and 10bf exhibited high potency of cytotoxicity. Flow cytometric analysis showed that these conjugates arrested the cell cycle in the G2/M phase and caused the increase in expression of p53 and cyclin B1 protein with concomitant decrease in Cdk1 thereby suggesting the inhibitory action of these conjugates on mitosis. Interestingly, we observed a decrease in expression of proteins that control the tumor micro environment such as VEGF-A, STAT-3, ERK1/2, ERK-p, AKT-1 ser 473 phosphorylation in compounds treated breast cancer cells. Further, these effective conjugates have exhibited inhibitory action on integrin (αVβIII). Furthermore, the MCF-7 cells that were arrested and lost the proliferative capacity undergo mitochondrial mediated apoptosis by activation of caspases-9. Thus these conjugates have the potential to control breast cancer cell growth by effecting tumor angiogenesis and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Kamal
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500 007, India.
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19
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4β-[4′-(1-(Aryl)ureido)benzamide]podophyllotoxins as DNA topoisomerase I and IIα inhibitors and apoptosis inducing agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:5198-208. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Revised: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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20
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Kamal A, Tamboli JR, Vishnuvardhan MVPS, Adil SF, Nayak VL, Ramakrishna S. Synthesis and anticancer activity of heteroaromatic linked 4β-amido podophyllotoxins as apoptotic inducing agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012. [PMID: 23182091 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.10.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A series of different heteroaromatic linked 4β-amidopodophyllotoxin conjugates (16a-i, 17a-i and 18a-d) were synthesized and evaluated for anticancer activity against five human cancer cell lines. Among the series, one of the compound 17g showed significant antiproliferative activity in A549 (lung cancer) cell line. Flow cytometric analysis showed that 17g arrested the cell cycle in the G2/M phase leading to caspase-3 dependent apoptotic cell death. Further, Hoechst 33258 staining and DNA fragmentation assay also suggests that 17g induces cell death by apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Kamal
- Division of Organic Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500 007, India.
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21
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Cyproterone Synthesis, Recognition and Controlled Release by Molecularly Imprinted Nanoparticle. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2012; 167:2076-87. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-012-9748-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2012] [Accepted: 04/30/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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22
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Guminski Y, Grousseaud M, Cugnasse S, Imbert T. Practical Demethylation of Podophyllotoxin and Efficient Preparation of 4-Amino-4-deoxy-4′-demethylepipodophyllotoxin. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2011.567436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yves Guminski
- a Centre de Recherche Pierre Fabre, Division de Chimie Médicinale , Castres , France
| | - Martial Grousseaud
- a Centre de Recherche Pierre Fabre, Division de Chimie Médicinale , Castres , France
| | - Sandrine Cugnasse
- a Centre de Recherche Pierre Fabre, Division de Chimie Médicinale , Castres , France
| | - Thierry Imbert
- a Centre de Recherche Pierre Fabre, Division de Chimie Médicinale , Castres , France
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23
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Kamal A, Suresh P, Ramaiah MJ, Mallareddy A, Imthiajali S, Pushpavalli SNCVL, Lavanya A, Pal-Bhadra M. Synthesis and biological evaluation of 4β-sulphonamido and 4β-[(4'-sulphonamido)benzamide]podophyllotoxins as DNA topoisomerase-IIα and apoptosis inducing agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 20:2054-66. [PMID: 22364746 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2011] [Revised: 01/23/2012] [Accepted: 01/24/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
A series of new 4β-sulphonamido and 4β-[(4'-sulphonamido)benzamide] conjugates of podophyllotoxin (11a-j and 15a-g) were synthesized and evaluated for anticancer activity against six human cancer cell lines and found to be more potent than etoposide. Some of the compounds 11b, 11d and 11e that showed significant antiproliferative activity in Colo-205 cells, were superior to etoposide. The flow cytometric analysis indicates that these compounds (11b, 11d and 11e) showed G2/M cell cycle arrest and among them 11e is the most effective. It is observed that this compound (11e) caused both single-strand DNA breaks as observed by comet assay as well as double-strand DNA breaks as indicated by γ-H2AX. Further 11e showed inhibition of topo-IIα as observed from Western blot analysis and related studies. Compounds caused activation of ATM as well as Chk1 protein indicating that the compound caused effective DNA damage. Moreover activation of caspase-3, p21, p16, NF-kB and down regulation of Bcl-2 protein suggests that this compound (11e) has apoptotic cell death inducing ability, apart from acting as a topo-IIα inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Kamal
- Division of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500 607, India.
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24
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Kamal A, Mallareddy A, Suresh P, Lakshma Nayak V, Shetti RV, Sankara Rao N, Tamboli JR, Shaik TB, Vishnuvardhan M, Ramakrishna S. Synthesis and anticancer activity of 4β-alkylamidochalcone and 4β-cinnamido linked podophyllotoxins as apoptotic inducing agents. Eur J Med Chem 2012; 47:530-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2011.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2011] [Revised: 11/10/2011] [Accepted: 11/10/2011] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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25
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Abdouss M, Asadi E, Azodi-Deilami S, Beik-mohammadi N, Aslanzadeh SA. Development and characterization of molecularly imprinted polymers for controlled release of citalopram. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2011; 22:2273-2281. [PMID: 21833610 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-011-4395-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2011] [Accepted: 07/11/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the use of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) for citalolpram as anti-depressant drug was studied. Imprinted polymers were prepared from methacrylic acid (MAA; functional monomer), ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA; cross-linker), and citalopram (as a drug template) using bulk polymerization method. The polymeric devices were further characterized by FT-IR, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and binding experiments. The dissolution media employed in controlled release studies were hydrochloric acid at the pH level of 4.3 and phosphate buffers, at pH levels of 7.2 and 10.1, maintained at 37.0 and 25.0 ± 0.5°C. Results showed the ability of MIP polymers to control the release of citalopram. In all cases, the imprinted polymers showed a higher affinity for citalopram and a slower release rate than the nonimprinted polymers. At the pH level of 4.3 and at the temperature of 25°C, slower release of citalopram imprinted polymer occurred.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Abdouss
- Department of Chemistry, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
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26
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Kamal A, Suresh P, Janaki Ramaiah M, Mallareddy A, Kumar BA, Raju P, Vinay Gopal J, Pushpavalli S, Lavanya A, Sarma P, Pal-Bhadra M. Synthesis and biological evaluation of 4β-acrylamidopodophyllotoxin congeners as DNA damaging agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:4589-600. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2011] [Revised: 06/02/2011] [Accepted: 06/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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27
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Zhao W, Li HM, Wan DJ, Tang YJ. Manipulation of heterogeneity product in 4′-demethylepipodophyllotoxin biotransformation process by using yeast extract as nitrogen source. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2011; 93:107-15. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-011-3424-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2011] [Revised: 05/26/2011] [Accepted: 05/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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28
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Kamal A, Ashwini Kumar B, Suresh P, Juvekar A, Zingde S. Synthesis of 4β-carbamoyl epipodophyllotoxins as potential antitumour agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:2975-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2011] [Revised: 03/11/2011] [Accepted: 03/12/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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29
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Kamal A, Suresh P, Mallareddy A, Kumar BA, Reddy PV, Raju P, Tamboli JR, Shaik TB, Jain N, Kalivendi SV. Synthesis of a new 4-aza-2,3-didehydropodophyllotoxin analogues as potent cytotoxic and antimitotic agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:2349-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2010] [Revised: 02/10/2011] [Accepted: 02/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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30
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An efficient one-pot synthesis of benzothiazolo-4β-anilino-podophyllotoxin congeners: DNA topoisomerase-II inhibition and anticancer activity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:350-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2010] [Revised: 10/29/2010] [Accepted: 11/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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31
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Kamal A, Kumar BA, Suresh P, Agrawal SK, Chashoo G, Singh SK, Saxena A. Synthesis of 4β-N-polyaromatic substituted podophyllotoxins: DNA topoisomerase inhibition, anticancer and apoptosis-inducing activities. Bioorg Med Chem 2010; 18:8493-500. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2010.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2010] [Revised: 10/14/2010] [Accepted: 10/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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32
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Azodi-Deilami S, Abdouss M, Javanbakht M. The Syntheses and Characterization of Molecularly Imprinted Polymers for the Controlled Release of Bromhexine. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2010; 164:133-47. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-010-9121-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2010] [Accepted: 10/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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33
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Synthesis and characterization of molecularly imprinted polymer for controlled release of tramadol. OPEN CHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.2478/s11532-010-0035-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractIn this paper, we describe how to prepare a highly selective imprinted polymer by a bulk polymerization technique. We used tramadol as the template, (MAA) as functional monomers, and (EGDMA) as the cross-linker in chloroform as solvent. Results from Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Scanning Electron microscopy (SEM) show that this imprinted sorbent exhibits good recognition and high affinity for tramadol. Selectivity of molecularly imprinted polympers (MIP) was evaluated by comparing several substances with similar molecular structures to that of tramadol. Controlled release of tramadol from MIPs was investigated through in vitro dissolution tests and by measuring the absorbance at λmax of 272 nm by (HPLC-UV). The dissolution media employed were hydrochloric acid pH 3.0 and phosphate buffers, pH 5.0 and 7.4, maintained at 37 and 25 ± 0.5°C. The results show the ability of MIP polymers to control tramadol release. In all cases, the release of MIPs was deferred for a longer time as compared to NMIP. At a pH of 7.4 and 25°C slower release of tramadol imprinted polymer occurred.
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34
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Singh P, Faridi U, Srivastava S, Kumar JK, Darokar MP, Luqman S, Shanker K, Chanotiya CS, Gupta A, Gupta MM, Negi AS. Design and synthesis of C-ring lactone- and lactam-based podophyllotoxin analogues as anticancer agents. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2010; 58:242-6. [PMID: 20118588 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.58.242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel podophyllotoxin (PDT) analogues was synthesized in which the lactone moiety was shifted to C ring. Some of the derivatives were also synthesized with modified A ring. Analogues 23 and 25 exhibited potent in vitro cytotoxicity against colon cancer (CaCO(2)) cell line. p-Demethylated E-ring analogues exhibited better potency than the corresponding methylated analogues. These analogues showed toxicity comparable to PDT against human erythrocytes albeit at much higher concentrations (100 microg/ml) than their cytotoxicity values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pragya Singh
- Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CIMAP-CSIR), P.O. CIMAP, Kukrail Picnic Spot Road, Lucknow-226 015, India
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35
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Tang YJ, Xu XL, Zhong JJ. A novel biotransformation process of 4'-demethylepipodophyllotoxin to 4'-demethylepipodophyllic acid by Bacillus fusiformis CICC 20463, Part II: process optimization. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2009; 33:237-46. [PMID: 19396467 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-009-0317-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2008] [Accepted: 03/27/2009] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This work optimized the novel biotransformation process of 4'-demethylepipodophyllotoxin (DMEP) into 4'-demethylepipodophyllic acid (DMEPA) by Bacillus fusiformis CICC 20463. Firstly, the biotransformation process was significantly affected by medium composition. 5 g/L of yeast extract and 10 g/L of peptone were optimal for DMEPA production (i.e., 2.81 + or - 0.21 mg/L), while not beneficial for the cell growth of B. fusiformis. This indicated that the biosynthesis of DMEPA was not corresponded well to the cell growth of B. fusiformis. 40 g/L of sucrose was optimal for DMEPA production (i.e., 2.94 + or - 0.17 mg/L), and 3 g/L of NaCl was the best for DMEPA production (i.e., 4.10 + or - 0.18 mg/L). Secondly, the production of DMEPA was significantly enhanced by the control of substrate concentration and culture pH. 100 mg/L of substrate was optimal for DMEPA production (i.e., 6.47 + or - 0.35 mg/L), and DMEPA concentration was enhanced to 38.78 mg/L by controlling culture pH at 9.0 in the stirred-tank bioreactors. The fundamental information obtained in this study provides a simple and efficient way to produce DMEPA by biotransformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Jie Tang
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Bioengineering, Hubei University of Technology, 430068 Wuhan, China.
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36
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Xu H, Zhang L, Su BF, Zhang X, Tian X. Natural Products-Based Insecticidal Agents 1. Semisynthesis and Insecticidal Activity of 4β-Benzenesulfonamide Derivatives of Podophyllotoxin against Mythimna separata Walker. HETEROCYCLES 2009. [DOI: 10.3987/com-08-s(f)14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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37
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Zhu XF, Cao QE, Yang XQ, Li F, Wang GS, Ding ZT. Preparation and Recognition Mechanism of Gallic Acid Imprinted Polymers. Helv Chim Acta 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.200800209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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38
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Zhu X, Cao Q, Hou N, Wang G, Ding Z. The preparation and the recognition property of molecularly imprinted polymer of podophyllotoxin. Anal Chim Acta 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2006.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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39
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Srivastava V, Negi AS, Kumar JK, Gupta MM, Khanuja SPS. Plant-based anticancer molecules: a chemical and biological profile of some important leads. Bioorg Med Chem 2005; 13:5892-908. [PMID: 16129603 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2005.05.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2005] [Revised: 05/27/2005] [Accepted: 05/31/2005] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A number of natural products, with diverse chemical structures, have been isolated as anticancer agents. Several potential lead molecules such as camptothecin, vincristine, vinblastine, taxol, podophyllotoxin, combretastatins, etc. have been isolated from plants and many of them have been modified to yield better analogues for activity, toxicity or solubility. Several successful molecules like topotecan, irinotecan, taxotere, etoposide, teniposide, etc. also have emerged as drugs upon modification of these natural leads and many more are yet to come. In this review, the authors have focused on four important anticancer leads, that is, camptothecin, taxol, combretastatin A-4 and podophyllotoxin. Their chemistry, structure and activity relationships, biological activities, modes of action, analogue synthesis and future prospects have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vandana Srivastava
- Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CIMAP), P.O. CIMAP, Lucknow 226 015, Uttar Pradesh, India
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40
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Kamal A, Gayatri NL, Reddy DR, Mohan Reddy PSM, Arifuddin M, Dastidar SG, Kondapi AK, Rajkumar M. Synthesis and biological evaluation of new 4beta-anilino- and 4beta-imido-substituted podophyllotoxin congeners. Bioorg Med Chem 2005; 13:6218-25. [PMID: 16061385 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2005.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2005] [Revised: 06/17/2005] [Accepted: 06/21/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A series of C-4-anilino- and C-4-imido-substituted new podophyllotoxin congeners have been designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their cytotoxicity and DNA topoisomerase-II (topo-II) inhibition potential. Some of these compounds have exhibited promising in vitro anticancer and topo-II inhibition activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Kamal
- Division of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, Andhra Pradesh, India.
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41
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Ding Z, Deng S, Zhao X, Li F, Cao QE, Zhu H. Determination of Podophyllotoxin and 4′-Demethylepipodophyllotoxin by Capillary Electrophoresis. Chromatographia 2005. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-005-0602-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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42
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Chen SW, Tian X, Tu YQ. Synthesis and cytotoxic activity of novel derivatives of 4'-demethylepipodophyllotoxin. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2005; 14:5063-6. [PMID: 15380199 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2004.07.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2004] [Accepted: 07/30/2004] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Nine novel 4beta-N-substituted-5-FU-4'-demethylepipodophyllotoxin derivatives were synthesized and evaluated as potential antitumor agents. All of the target compounds showed more significant cytotoxic activity against HL-60 and A-549 in vitro than VP-16 and 5-FU. Among them, 4beta-N-substituted-phenylalanine 5-Fu pentyl ester-4'-demethylepipodophyllotoxin (9 g) was found to exhibit most potent cytotoxic activity against HL-60 and A-549 cell (IC50 is 0.04 and <0.01 microM, respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Wu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
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