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Hamama WS, Hassanien AE, El-Fedawy MG, Zoorob HH. Synthesis, PM3-Semiempirical, and Biological Evaluation of Pyrazolo[4,3-c]quinolinones. J Heterocycl Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.1747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wafaa S. Hamama
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science; Mansoura University; El-Gomhoria Street ET-35516 Mansoura Egypt
| | - Alaa E. Hassanien
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science; Mansoura University; El-Gomhoria Street ET-35516 Mansoura Egypt
| | - Manal G. El-Fedawy
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science; Mansoura University; El-Gomhoria Street ET-35516 Mansoura Egypt
| | - Hanafi H. Zoorob
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science; Mansoura University; El-Gomhoria Street ET-35516 Mansoura Egypt
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2
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Structure–activity relationships of pyrazole derivatives as potential therapeutics for immune thrombocytopenias. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 22:2739-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2014] [Revised: 03/01/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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3
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Fernández-Fernández C, Callado LF, Girón R, Sánchez E, Erdozain AM, López-Moreno JA, Morales P, Rodríguez de Fonseca F, Fernández-Ruiz J, Goya P, Meana JJ, Martín MI, Jagerovic N. Combining rimonabant and fentanyl in a single entity: preparation and pharmacological results. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2014; 8:263-77. [PMID: 24591816 PMCID: PMC3934591 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s55045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Based on numerous pharmacological studies that have revealed an interaction between cannabinoid and opioid systems at the molecular, neurochemical, and behavioral levels, a new series of hybrid molecules has been prepared by coupling the molecular features of two wellknown drugs, ie, rimonabant and fentanyl. The new compounds have been tested for their affinity and functionality regarding CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid and μ opioid receptors. In [35S]-GTPγS (guanosine 5′-O-[gamma-thio]triphosphate) binding assays from the post-mortem human frontal cortex, they proved to be CB1 cannabinoid antagonists and μ opioid antagonists. Interestingly, in vivo, the new compounds exhibited a significant dual antagonist action on the endocannabinoid and opioid systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luis F Callado
- Departamento de Farmacología, Universidad del Pais Vasco, UPV/EHU, CIBERSAM, Leioa, Spain
| | - Rocío Girón
- Departamento de Farmacología y Nutrición, Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Spain
| | - Eva Sánchez
- Departamento de Farmacología y Nutrición, Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Spain
| | - Amaia M Erdozain
- Departamento de Farmacología, Universidad del Pais Vasco, UPV/EHU, CIBERSAM, Leioa, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Javier Fernández-Ruiz
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, CIBERNED, IRYCIS, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Goya
- Instituto de Química Médica, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Javier Meana
- Departamento de Farmacología, Universidad del Pais Vasco, UPV/EHU, CIBERSAM, Leioa, Spain
| | - M Isabel Martín
- Departamento de Farmacología y Nutrición, Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Spain
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Fernández-Fernández C, Decara J, Bermúdez-Silva FJ, Sánchez E, Morales P, Gómez-Cañas M, Gómez-Ruíz M, Callado LF, Goya P, Rodríguez de Fonseca F, Martín MI, Fernández-Ruíz J, Meana JJ, Jagerovic N. Description of a bivalent cannabinoid ligand with hypophagic properties. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2013; 346:171-9. [PMID: 23371794 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201200392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Revised: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 12/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A series of bivalent cannabinoid ligands is proposed. The synthesis of double amides based on the rimonabant structure separated by an alkyl chain and the evaluation of their affinities for cannabinoid receptors are reported. The data of 4d confirmed that a bivalent structure is a suitable scaffold for CB1 cannabinoid receptor binding. The compound 4d was selected for in vitro and in vivo pharmacological evaluations. Moreover, intraperitoneal administration of 4d to food-deprived rats resulted in a dose-dependent inhibition of feeding that was maintained up to 240 min.
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Mohamed SK, Akkurt M, Fronczek FR, El-Remaily MAA, Abdelhamid AA. 5-Amino-3-anilino-1 H-pyrazole-4-carbonitrile. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2012; 68:o2784. [PMID: 22969661 PMCID: PMC3435815 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536812036045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2012] [Accepted: 08/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In the title compound, C10H9N5, the phenyl ring is twisted with respect to the pyrazole ring, forming a dihedral angle of 24.00 (6)°. In the crystal, molecules are linked by N—H⋯N hydrogen bonds into chains running parallel to [010] containing alternating R22(6) and R22(12) rings. Further interactions are found in the crystal, viz. N—H⋯π(phenyl) interactions and weak face-to-face π–π stacking interactions [centroid–centroid distance = 3.8890 (6) Å] between the centroids of the pyrazole and phenyl rings are observed.
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6
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In silico investigation of interactions between human cannabinoid receptor-1 and its antagonists. J Mol Model 2012; 18:3831-45. [PMID: 22402754 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-012-1381-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2011] [Accepted: 02/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Cannabinoid receptor-1 (CB(1)) is widely expressed in the central nervous system and plays a vital role in regulating food intake and energy expenditure. CB(1) antagonists such as Rimonabant have been used in clinic to inhibit food intake, and therefore reduce body weight in obese animals and humans. To investigate the binding modes of CB(1) antagonists to the receptor, both receptor- and ligand-based methods were implemented in this study. At first, a pharmacophore model was generated based on 31 diverse CB(1) antagonists collected from literature. A test set validation and a simulated virtual screening evaluation were then performed to verify the reliability and discriminating ability of the pharmacophore. Meanwhile, the homology model of CB(1) receptor was constructed based on the crystal structure of human β (2) adrenergic receptor (β (2)-AR). Several classical antagonists were then docked into the optimized homology model with induced fit docking method. A hydrogen bond between the antagonists and Lys192 on the third transmembrane helix of the receptor was formed in the docking study, which has proven to be critical for receptor-ligand interaction by biological experiments. The structure obtained from induced fit docking was then confirmed to be a reliable model for molecular docking from the result of the simulated virtual screening. The consistency between the pharmacophore and the homology structure further proved the previous observation. The built receptor structure and antagonists' pharmacophore should be useful for the understanding of inhibitory mechanism and development of novel CB(1) antagonists.
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Prasath R, Bhavana P, Ng SW, Tiekink ERT. 3-(4-Meth-oxy-phen-yl)-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbaldehyde. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2011; 67:o2962-3. [PMID: 22219987 PMCID: PMC3247369 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536811041808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2011] [Accepted: 10/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Four independent mol-ecules comprise the asymmetric unit of the title compound, C(17)H(14)N(2)O(2). The central pyrazoline ring is flanked by an N-bound benzene ring and a C-bound meth-oxy-substituted benzene ring. The greatest difference between the independent mol-ecules is found in the relative orientations of the benzene rings with the range of dihedral angles being 23.59 (6)-42.55 (6)°. In the crystal, extensive C-H⋯O inter-actions link mol-ecules into layers parallel to (02[Formula: see text]) and these are linked by C-H⋯π contacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Prasath
- Department of Chemistry, BITS, Pilani – K. K. Birla Goa Campus, Goa 403 726, India
| | - P. Bhavana
- Department of Chemistry, BITS, Pilani – K. K. Birla Goa Campus, Goa 403 726, India
| | - Seik Weng Ng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, PO Box 80203 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Prasath R, Bhavana P, Ng SW, Tiekink ERT. 3-(4-Bromo-phen-yl)-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbaldehyde. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2011; 67:o2650. [PMID: 22058775 PMCID: PMC3201369 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536811036841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2011] [Accepted: 09/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In the title compound, C16H11BrN2O, the phenyl and chlorobenzene rings are twisted out of the mean plane of the pyrazole ring, forming dihedral angles of 13.70 (10) and 36.48 (10)°, respectively. The carbaldehyde group is also twisted out of the pyrazole plane [the C—C—C—O torsion angle is 7.9 (3)°]. A helical supramolecular chain along the b axis and mediated by C—H⋯O interactions is the most prominent feature of the crystal packing.
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Serrano A, Parsons LH. Endocannabinoid influence in drug reinforcement, dependence and addiction-related behaviors. Pharmacol Ther 2011; 132:215-41. [PMID: 21798285 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2011.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2011] [Accepted: 06/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The endogenous cannabinoid system is an important regulatory system involved in physiological homeostasis. Endocannabinoid signaling is known to modulate neural development, immune function, metabolism, synaptic plasticity and emotional state. Accumulating evidence also implicates brain endocannabinoid signaling in the etiology of drug addiction which is characterized by compulsive drug seeking, loss of control in limiting drug intake, emergence of a negative emotional state in the absence of drug use and a persistent vulnerability toward relapse to drug use during protracted abstinence. In this review we discuss the effects of drug intake on brain endocannabinoid signaling, evidence implicating the endocannabinoid system in the motivation for drug consumption, and drug-induced alterations in endocannabinoid function that may contribute to various aspects of addiction including dysregulated synaptic plasticity, increased stress responsivity, negative affective states, drug craving and relapse to drug taking. Current knowledge of genetic variants in endocannabinoid signaling associated with addiction is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Serrano
- Committee on the Neurobiology of Addictive Disorders, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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Weber KC, De Lima EF, De Mello PH, Da Silva ABF, Honório KM. Research Article: Insights into the Molecular Requirements for the Anti-obesity Activity of a Series of CB1 Ligands. Chem Biol Drug Des 2010; 76:320-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-0285.2010.01016.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Xi ZX, Gardner EL. Hypothesis-driven medication discovery for the treatment of psychostimulant addiction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 1:303-27. [PMID: 19430578 DOI: 10.2174/1874473710801030303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Psychostimulant abuse is a serious social and health problem, for which no effective treatments currently exist. A number of review articles have described predominantly 'clinic'-based pharmacotherapies for the treatment of psychostimulant addiction, but none have yet been shown to be definitively effective for use in humans. In the present article, we review various 'hypothesis'- or 'mechanism'-based pharmacological agents that have been studied at the preclinical level and evaluate their potential use in the treatment of psychostimulant addiction in humans. These compounds target brain neurotransmitter or neuromodulator systems, including dopamine (DA), gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), endocannabinoid, glutamate, opioid and serotonin, which have been shown to be critically involved in drug reward and addiction. For drugs in each category, we first briefly review the role of each neurotransmitter system in psychostimulant actions, and then discuss the mechanistic rationale for each drug's potential anti-addiction efficacy, major findings with each drug in animal models of psychostimulant addiction, abuse liability and potential problems, and future research directions. We conclude that hypothesis-based medication development strategies could significantly promote medication discovery for the effective treatment of psychostimulant addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Xiong Xi
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
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Rational design, synthesis and biological evaluation of new 1,5-diarylpyrazole derivatives as CB1 receptor antagonists, structurally related to rimonabant. Eur J Med Chem 2008; 43:2627-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2008.01.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2007] [Revised: 01/25/2008] [Accepted: 01/31/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Xi ZX, Spiller K, Pak AC, Gilbert J, Dillon C, Li X, Peng XQ, Gardner EL. Cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonists attenuate cocaine's rewarding effects: experiments with self-administration and brain-stimulation reward in rats. Neuropsychopharmacology 2008; 33:1735-45. [PMID: 17728698 DOI: 10.1038/sj.npp.1301552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies suggest that cannabinoid CB1 receptors do not appear to be involved in cocaine's rewarding effects, as assessed by the use of SR141716A, a prototypic CB1 receptor antagonist and CB1-knockout mice. In the present study, we found that blockade of CB1 receptors by AM 251 (1-10 mg/kg), a novel CB1 receptor antagonist, dose-dependently lowered (by 30-70%) the break point for cocaine self-administration under a progressive-ratio (PR) reinforcement schedule in rats. The same doses of SR141716 (freebase form) maximally lowered the break point by 35%, which did not reach statistical significance. Neither AM 251 nor SR141716 altered cocaine self-administration under a fixed-ratio (FR2) reinforcement schedule. AM 251 (0.1-3 mg/kg) also significantly and dose-dependently inhibited (by 25-90%) cocaine-enhanced brain stimulation reward (BSR), while SR141716 attenuated cocaine's BSR-enhancing effect only at 3 mg/kg (by 40%). When the dose was increased to 10 or 20 mg/kg, both AM 251 and SR141716 became less effective, with AM 251 only partially inhibiting cocaine-enhanced BSR and PR cocaine self-administration, and SR141716 having no effect. AM 251 alone, at all doses tested, had no effect on BSR, while high doses of SR141716 alone significantly inhibited BSR. These data suggest that blockade of CB1 receptors by relatively low doses of AM 251 dose-dependently inhibits cocaine's rewarding effects, whereas SR141716 is largely ineffective, as assessed by both PR cocaine self-administration and BSR. Thus, AM 251 or other more potent CB1 receptor antagonists deserve further study as potentially effective anti-cocaine medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Xiong Xi
- Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Chemical Biology Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
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Chen JZ, Han XW, Liu Q, Makriyannis A, Wang J, Xie XQ. 3D-QSAR Studies of Arylpyrazole Antagonists of Cannabinoid Receptor Subtypes CB1 and CB2. A Combined NMR and CoMFA Approach. J Med Chem 2005; 49:625-36. [PMID: 16420048 DOI: 10.1021/jm050655g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The present work focuses on the study of the three-dimensional (3D) structural requirements for selective antagonist activity of arylpyrazole compounds at the cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptors. Initially, a combined high-resolution two-dimensional (2D) NMR and computer modeling approach was carried out to study the solution structure of the key pyrazole derivative N-(piperidin-1-yl)-5-phenyl-1-(n-pentyl)-4-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide (AM263). By using the NMR-determined molecular conformers as templates, the 3D quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) studies were performed with the comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) approach on a set of arylpyrazole cannabinoid receptor antagonists. Molecular alignments suitable for deriving valuable pharmacophoric features for this series of compounds were determined. Such systematic 3D-QSAR/CoMFA analyses of 29 molecules and their receptor affinities gave guidance for understanding the binding affinities of arylpyrazoles at the CB1 and CB2 binding sites, respectively. Comparison of CoMFA steric and potential contour maps for affinity at the two cannabinoid receptor subtypes helps to differentiate structural requirements for each subtype and serves as a basis for the design of later-generation analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Zhong Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Pharmacological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Texas 77204-5037, USA
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Abstract
Over the past 40 years, much research has been carried out directed toward the characterization of the cannabinergic system. With the identification of two G-protein coupled receptors and the endogenous ligand, anandamide, pharmacological targets have expanded to encompass hydrolase and transport proteins as well as novel classes of cannabinoid ligands. Those ligands that demonstrate high affinity for the receptors and good biological efficacy are tied together through lipophilic regions repeatedly demonstrated necessary for activity. This review presents recent developments in the structure-activity relationships of several classes of cannabinoid ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea W Padgett
- Howard L. Hunter Chemistry Laboratory, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634-0973, USA.
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Alekseeva OO, Mahadevan A, Wiley JL, Martin BR, Razdan RK. Synthesis of novel 5-substituted pyrazole derivatives as cannabinoid antagonists. Tetrahedron Lett 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2005.01.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Thakur GA, Nikas SP, Li C, Makriyannis A. Structural requirements for cannabinoid receptor probes. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2005:209-46. [PMID: 16596776 DOI: 10.1007/3-540-26573-2_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The discovery and cloning of CB1 and CB2, the two known G(i/o) protein-coupled cannabinoid receptors, as well as the isolation and characterization of two families of endogenous cannabinergic ligands represented by arachidonoylethanolamide (anandamide) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), have opened new horizons in this newly discovered field of biology. Furthermore, a considerable number of cannabinoid analogs belonging to structurally diverse classes of compounds have been synthesized and tested, thus providing substantial information on the structural requirements for cannabinoid receptor recognition and activation. Experiments with site-directed mutated receptors and computer modeling studies have suggested that these diverse classes of ligands may interact with the receptors through different binding motifs. The information about the exact binding site may be obtained with the help of suitably designed molecular probes. These ligands either interact with the receptors in a reversible fashion (reversible probes) or alternatively attach at or near the receptor active site with the formation of covalent bonds (irreversible probes). This review focuses on structural requirements of cannabinoid receptor ligands and highlights their pharmacological and therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Thakur
- Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
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