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Massarotti A, Brunelli F, Aprile S, Giustiniano M, Tron GC. Medicinal Chemistry of Isocyanides. Chem Rev 2021; 121:10742-10788. [PMID: 34197077 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In eons of evolution, isocyanides carved out a niche in the ecological systems probably thanks to their metal coordinating properties. In 1859 the first isocyanide was synthesized by humans and in 1950 the first natural isocyanide was discovered. Now, at the beginning of XXI century, hundreds of isocyanides have been isolated both in prokaryotes and eukaryotes and thousands have been synthesized in the laboratory. For some of them their ecological role is known, and their potent biological activity as antibacterial, antifungal, antimalarial, antifouling, and antitumoral compounds has been described. Notwithstanding, the isocyanides have not gained a good reputation among medicinal chemists who have erroneously considered them either too reactive or metabolically unstable, and this has restricted their main use to technical applications as ligands in coordination chemistry. The aim of this review is therefore to show the richness in biological activity of the isocyanide-containing molecules, to support the idea of using the isocyanide functional group as an unconventional pharmacophore especially useful as a metal coordinating warhead. The unhidden hope is to convince the skeptical medicinal chemists of the isocyanide potential in many areas of drug discovery and considering them in the design of future drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Massarotti
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Francesca Brunelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Silvio Aprile
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Mariateresa Giustiniano
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Gian Cesare Tron
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
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2
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Schraff S, Trampert J, Orthaber A, Pammer F. Electronic Properties and Solid-State Packing of Isocyanofulvenes and Their Gold(I) Chloride Complexes. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:17171-17183. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c02435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Schraff
- Institute of Organic Chemistry II and Advanced Materials, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Jens Trampert
- Institute of Organic Chemistry II and Advanced Materials, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Andreas Orthaber
- Department of Chemistry−Ångström Laboratories, Uppsala University, Box 523, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Frank Pammer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry II and Advanced Materials, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
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3
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Galli U, Tron GC, Purghè B, Grosa G, Aprile S. Metabolic Fate of the Isocyanide Moiety: Are Isocyanides Pharmacophore Groups Neglected by Medicinal Chemists? Chem Res Toxicol 2020; 33:955-966. [PMID: 32212628 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.9b00504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Despite the isolation of hundreds of bioactive isocyanides from terrestrial fungi and bacteria as well as marine organisms, the isocyanide functionality has so far received little attention from a medicinal chemistry standpoint. The widespread tenet that isocyanides are chemically and metabolically unstable has restricted bioactivity studies to their antifouling properties and technical applications. In order to confirm or refute this idea, the hepatic metabolism of six model isocyanides was investigated. Aromatic and primary isocyanides turned out to be unstable and metabolically labile, but secondary and tertiary isocyanides resisted metabolization, showing, in some cases, cytochrome P450 inhibitory properties. The potential therefore exists for the secondary and tertiary isocyanides to qualify them as pharmacophore groups, in particular as war-heads for metalloenzyme inhibition because of their potent metal-coordinating properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ubaldina Galli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, 28100, Italy
| | - Gian Cesare Tron
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, 28100, Italy
| | - Beatrice Purghè
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, 28100, Italy
| | - Giorgio Grosa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, 28100, Italy
| | - Silvio Aprile
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, 28100, Italy
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4
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Watari H, Nakajima H, Atsuumi W, Nakamura T, Nanya T, Ise Y, Sakai R. A novel sponge-derived protein thrombocorticin is a new agonist for thrombopoietin receptor. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2019; 221:82-88. [PMID: 30978513 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We screened 868 marine extracts in search of hematopoietic molecules resulted in findings of several extracts that proliferated Ba/F3-HuMpl cells but not the cells expressed with other hematopoietic cytokine receptors, EPO and G-CSF. Separation of the most potent extract of a Micronesian sponge Corticium sp., guided by the cell proliferation assay using Ba/F3-HuMpl cells resulted in an isolation of thrombocorticin (ThC), a novel 14 kDa protein as an active principal. ThC displayed concentration-dependent proliferation of Ba/F3-HuMpl cells, and had a stronger activity than that of eltrombopag, a small molecule drug used to treat thrombocytopenia. ThC induced phosphorylation of STAT5, suggesting that it activates Jak/STAT pathway as in the case of TPO. These results together indicated that ThC is a specific agonist for c-Mpl, although the size and shape differs largely from TPO. Here we present isolation, characterization and biological activity of ThC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromi Watari
- Hokkaido University, Graduate School and Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, 3-1-1 Minato-cho, Hakodate 041-8611, Japan
| | - Hiroya Nakajima
- Hokkaido University, Graduate School and Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, 3-1-1 Minato-cho, Hakodate 041-8611, Japan
| | - Wataru Atsuumi
- Hokkaido University, Graduate School and Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, 3-1-1 Minato-cho, Hakodate 041-8611, Japan
| | - Takanori Nakamura
- Biological Research Laboratories, Nissan Chemical Corporation, Shiraoka-shi, Saitama 349-0294, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nanya
- Biological Research Laboratories, Nissan Chemical Corporation, Shiraoka-shi, Saitama 349-0294, Japan
| | - Yuji Ise
- Centre for Marine & Coastal Studies, Universiti Sains Malaysia, USM, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
| | - Ryuichi Sakai
- Hokkaido University, Graduate School and Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, 3-1-1 Minato-cho, Hakodate 041-8611, Japan.
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5
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Helaly SE, Ashrafi S, Teponno RB, Bernecker S, Dababat AA, Maier W, Stadler M. Nematicidal Cyclic Lipodepsipeptides and a Xanthocillin Derivative from a Phaeosphariaceous Fungus Parasitizing Eggs of the Plant Parasitic Nematode Heterodera filipjevi. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2018; 81:2228-2234. [PMID: 30234299 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.8b00486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The new cyclic lipodepsipeptide ophiotine (1), two new arthrichitin derivatives named arthrichitins B (4) and C (5), a new xanthocillin-like alkaloid, xanthomide Z (2), and the previously described arthrichitin (3) were isolated from the liquid culture broth of a nematode-associated fungus with affinities to the genus Ophiosphaerella. The structural elucidation and determination of the absolute configuration of the new molecules were accomplished using a combination of spectroscopic and chemical techniques, including 1D and 2D NMR, HRMS, and Marfey's analysis. Opiotine (1) displayed moderate nematicidal activity against the host nematode ( Heterodera filipjevi), while xanthomide Z (2) exhibited very weak activity. Arthrichitin C (5) showed very weak cytotoxic effects on several cancer cell lines, with IC50 values in the range of 24-33 μM. Xanthomide Z is among few xanthocillin derivatives that comprise formamide functions instead of the cyano functions that are usually observed in this class of fungal alkaloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soleiman E Helaly
- Department of Microbial Drugs , Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research , Inhoffenstrasse 7 , 38124 Braunschweig , Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Aswan University , Aswan 81528 , Egypt
| | - Samad Ashrafi
- Institute for Epidemiology and Pathogen Diagnostics , Julius Kühn-Institut (JKI)-Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants , Braunschweig 38104 , Germany
| | - Rémy B Teponno
- Department of Microbial Drugs , Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research , Inhoffenstrasse 7 , 38124 Braunschweig , Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , University of Dschang , P.O. Box 67, Dschang , Cameroon
| | - Steffen Bernecker
- Department of Microbial Drugs , Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research , Inhoffenstrasse 7 , 38124 Braunschweig , Germany
| | - Abdelfattah A Dababat
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) , P.K. 39 Emek , 06511 Ankara , Turkey
| | - Wolfgang Maier
- Institute for Epidemiology and Pathogen Diagnostics , Julius Kühn-Institut (JKI)-Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants , Braunschweig 38104 , Germany
| | - Marc Stadler
- Department of Microbial Drugs , Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research , Inhoffenstrasse 7 , 38124 Braunschweig , Germany
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Schraff S, Sun Y, Pammer F. Fulvenyl-Functionalized Polyisocyanides: Cross-Conjugated Electrochromic Polymers with Variable Optical and Electrochemical Properties. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b00977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Schraff
- Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Yu Sun
- Technische
Universität
Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Strasse 54, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Frank Pammer
- Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
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7
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Tarasova A, Haylock D, Winkler D. Principal signalling complexes in haematopoiesis: Structural aspects and mimetic discovery. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2011; 22:231-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2011.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2011] [Accepted: 09/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Zuck KM, Shipley S, Newman DJ. Induced production of N-formyl alkaloids from Aspergillus fumigatus by co-culture with Streptomyces peucetius. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2011; 74:1653-7. [PMID: 21667925 DOI: 10.1021/np200255f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Co-culture of the fungus Aspergillus fumigatus with the bacteria Streptomyces peucetius led to the induction of production of formyl xanthocillin analogues. This mixed fermentation yielded two new metabolites, fumiformamide (1) and N,N'-((1Z,3Z)-1,4-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)buta-1,3-diene-2,3-diyl)diformamide (2), together with two known N-formyl derivatives and the xanthocillin analogue BU-4704. The structures were determined by spectroscopic methods and by comparison with literature. Cytotoxic activity of all the analogues was tested on the NCI-60 cell line screen, and compound 2 exhibited significant activity against several cell lines. The analogues did not show antimicrobial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina M Zuck
- SAIC-Frederick, Inc., P.O. Box B, Frederick, Maryland 21702, USA.
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9
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Andrade J, Cablewski T, Condie G, Haylock D, Meagher L, Riches A, Tarasova A, Werkmeister J, White J, Winkler D. Zinc is not required for activity of TPO agonists acting at the c-Mpl receptor transmembrane domain. ACS Chem Biol 2010; 5:741-5. [PMID: 20536264 DOI: 10.1021/cb100100u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Molecules that mimic the cytokine thrombopoietin that act by an atypical mechanism of binding to a receptor transmembrane (TM) domain are widely understood to require zinc for their biological activity. We investigated potent thrombopoietin mimetics from three chemical classes including the recently registered drug Eltrombopag, which operate via this novel mechanism, to determine whether zinc is essential for inducing cell proliferation. Using addition of zinc and a potent metal chelator, we show that the existing paradigm is incorrect and the compounds exhibit excellent thrombopoietin-mimetic activity even in the presence of high concentrations of EDTA. The implications of these findings for the mechanism of action are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Andrade
- CSIRO Molecular and Health Technologies, Bag 10, Clayton South, Vic 3169, Australia
- CRC for Polymers, Redwood Drive, Notting Hill, Vic 3168, Australia
- The Australian Stem Cell Centre, PO Box 8002, Monash University LPO, Vic 3168, Australia
| | - Teresa Cablewski
- CSIRO Molecular and Health Technologies, Bag 10, Clayton South, Vic 3169, Australia
- CRC for Polymers, Redwood Drive, Notting Hill, Vic 3168, Australia
| | - Glenn Condie
- CSIRO Molecular and Health Technologies, Bag 10, Clayton South, Vic 3169, Australia
- CRC for Polymers, Redwood Drive, Notting Hill, Vic 3168, Australia
| | - David Haylock
- CSIRO Molecular and Health Technologies, Bag 10, Clayton South, Vic 3169, Australia
- CRC for Polymers, Redwood Drive, Notting Hill, Vic 3168, Australia
- The Australian Stem Cell Centre, PO Box 8002, Monash University LPO, Vic 3168, Australia
| | - Laurence Meagher
- CSIRO Molecular and Health Technologies, Bag 10, Clayton South, Vic 3169, Australia
- CRC for Polymers, Redwood Drive, Notting Hill, Vic 3168, Australia
| | - Andrew Riches
- CSIRO Molecular and Health Technologies, Bag 10, Clayton South, Vic 3169, Australia
- CRC for Polymers, Redwood Drive, Notting Hill, Vic 3168, Australia
| | - Anna Tarasova
- CSIRO Molecular and Health Technologies, Bag 10, Clayton South, Vic 3169, Australia
- CRC for Polymers, Redwood Drive, Notting Hill, Vic 3168, Australia
| | - Jerome Werkmeister
- CSIRO Molecular and Health Technologies, Bag 10, Clayton South, Vic 3169, Australia
- CRC for Polymers, Redwood Drive, Notting Hill, Vic 3168, Australia
| | - Jacinta White
- CSIRO Molecular and Health Technologies, Bag 10, Clayton South, Vic 3169, Australia
- CRC for Polymers, Redwood Drive, Notting Hill, Vic 3168, Australia
| | - David Winkler
- CSIRO Molecular and Health Technologies, Bag 10, Clayton South, Vic 3169, Australia
- CRC for Polymers, Redwood Drive, Notting Hill, Vic 3168, Australia
- Monash Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville 3052, Australia
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10
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Fox NE, Lim J, Chen R, Geddis AE. F104S c-Mpl responds to a transmembrane domain-binding thrombopoietin receptor agonist: proof of concept that selected receptor mutations in congenital amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia can be stimulated with alternative thrombopoietic agents. Exp Hematol 2010; 38:384-91. [PMID: 20188141 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2010.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2009] [Revised: 02/10/2010] [Accepted: 02/16/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether specific c-Mpl mutations might respond to thrombopoietin receptor agonists. MATERIALS AND METHODS We created cell line models of type II c-Mpl mutations identified in congenital amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia. We selected F104S c-Mpl for further study because it exhibited surface expression of the receptor. We measured proliferation of cell lines expressing wild-type or F104S c-Mpl in response to thrombopoietin receptor agonists targeting the extracellular (m-AMP4) or transmembrane (LGD-4665) domains of the receptor by 1-methyltetrazole-5-thiol assay. We measured thrombopoietin binding to the mutant receptor using an in vitro thrombopoietin uptake assay and identified F104 as a potentially critical residue for the interaction between the receptor and its ligand by aligning thrombopoietin and erythropoietin receptors from multiple species. RESULTS Cells expressing F104S c-Mpl proliferated in response to LGD-4665, but not thrombopoietin or m-AMP4. Compared to thrombopoietin, LGD-4665 stimulates signaling with delayed kinetics in both wild-type and F104S c-Mpl-expressing cells. Although F104S c-Mpl is expressed on the cell surface in our BaF3 cell line model, the mutant receptor does not bind thrombopoietin. Comparison to the erythropoietin receptor suggests that F104 engages in hydrogen-bonding interactions that are critical for binding to thrombopoietin. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that a small subset of patients with congenital amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia might respond to treatment with thrombopoietin receptor agonists, but that responsiveness will depend on the type of mutation and agonist used. We postulate that F104 is critical for thrombopoietin binding. The kinetics of signaling in response to a transmembrane domain-binding agonist are delayed in comparison to thrombopoietin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norma E Fox
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, Calif. 92017, USA
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11
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Gong J, Ito Y. Peptide immobilized on gold particles enhances cell growth. Cytotechnology 2008; 58:141-4. [PMID: 19137449 PMCID: PMC2652554 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-008-9179-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2008] [Accepted: 12/22/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A multivalent ligand of thrombopoietin (TPO) was prepared by immobilization of mimetic peptides on gold particles. An effective peptide ligand containing cysteine was designed to enhance the growth of TPO-sensitive cells. The peptide was then immobilized on gold particles by self assembly. The multivalent ligand enhanced the growth of TPO-dependent cells and its activity was more than that of the monovalent ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiansheng Gong
- Nano Medical Engineering Laboratory, RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ito
- Nano Medical Engineering Laboratory, RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198 Japan
- Regenerative Medical Bioreactor Project, Kanagawa Academy of Science and Technology, KSP East 309, 3-2-1 Sakado, Takatsu-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 231-0012 Japan
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12
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Discovery of novel non-peptide thrombopoietin mimetic compounds that induce megakaryocytopoiesis. Biosci Rep 2008; 28:275-85. [DOI: 10.1042/bsr20080086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We have identified a series of novel non-peptide compounds that activate the thrombopoietin-dependent cell line Ba/F3-huMPL. The compounds stimulated proliferation of Ba/F3-huMPL in the absence of other growth factors, but did not promote proliferation of the thrombopoietin-independent parent cell line Ba/F3. The thrombopoietin-mimetic compounds elicited signal-transduction responses comparable with recombinant human thrombopoietin, such as tyrosine phosphorylation of the thrombopoietin receptor, JAK (Janus kinase) 2, Tyk2 (tyrosine kinase 2), STAT (signal transducer and activator of transcription) 3, STAT5, MAPKs (mitogen-activated protein kinases), PLCγ (phospholipase Cγ), Grb2 (growth-factor-receptor-bound protein 2), Shc (Src homology and collagen homology), Vav, Cbl and SHP-2 (Src homology 2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 2) and increased the number of CD41+ cells (megakaryocyte lineage) in cultures of human CD34+ bone-marrow cells (haematopoietic stem cells). These findings suggest that this series of compounds are novel agonists of the human thrombopoietin receptor and are possible lead compounds for the generation of anti-thrombocytopaenia drugs.
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13
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Alper PB, Marsilje TH, Mutnick D, Lu W, Chatterjee A, Roberts MJ, He Y, Karanewsky DS, Chow D, Lao J, Gerken A, Tuntland T, Liu B, Chang J, Gordon P, Martin Seidel H, Tian SS. Discovery and biological evaluation of benzo[a]carbazole-based small molecule agonists of the thrombopoietin (Tpo) receptor. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:5255-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.08.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2008] [Revised: 08/15/2008] [Accepted: 08/18/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Yamane N, Tanaka Y, Ohyabu N, Yamane S, Maekawa K, Ishizaki J, Suzuki R, Itoh T, Takemoto H. Characterization of novel non-peptide thrombopoietin mimetics, their species specificity and the activation mechanism of the thrombopoietin receptor. Eur J Pharmacol 2008; 586:44-51. [PMID: 18377892 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2008.02.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2007] [Revised: 02/03/2008] [Accepted: 02/13/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A series of non-peptide small compounds discovered to be thrombopoietin receptor agonists showed species specificity to humans. Compound I could induce megakaryocyte lineage from human bone marrow cells, but not from mouse, guinea pig or cynomolgus monkey bone marrow cells. To elucidate the mechanism, we identified the pivotal amino acid residue for the receptor activation by compound I by taking advantage of its species specificity. The response of compound I to three human/mouse chimeric receptors indicated the importance of the transmembrane domain. Comparison of amino acid sequences of the transmembrane domain of the thrombopoietin receptor between human and three animal species led us to hypothesize that histidine 499 is necessary for the reactivity to the thrombopoietin mimetics. We verified the hypothesis using two mutant receptors: the human thrombopoietin receptor mutant His499Leu and the mouse thrombopoietin receptor mutant Leu490His. These results should be helpful for structure-activity relationship studies and conducting in vivo studies of thrombopoietin mimetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Yamane
- Discovery Research Laboratories, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., 1-1, Futaba-cho 3-chome, Toyonaka-shi, Osaka 561-0825, Japan.
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15
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BIOACTIVE METABOLITES FROM MARINE MICROORGANISMS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s1572-5995(08)80007-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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16
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Isaka M, Boonkhao B, Rachtawee P, Auncharoen P. A xanthocillin-like alkaloid from the insect pathogenic fungus Cordyceps brunnearubra BCC 1395. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2007; 70:656-8. [PMID: 17266369 DOI: 10.1021/np060509t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Cordyformamide (4), the plausible biogenetic precursor of xanthocillin Y2, was isolated from a culture broth of the insect pathogenic fungus Cordyceps brunnearubra BCC 1395. Cordyformamide was found to exhibit activity against the malarial parasite Plasmodium falciparum K1 with an IC50 value of 18 microM, whereas it showed weak or no cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiko Isaka
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), Thailand Science Park, 113 Phaholyothin Road, Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand.
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17
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Yamaguchi T, Miyake Y, Miyamura A, Ishiwata N, Tatsuta K. Structure-activity relationships of xanthocillin derivatives as thrombopoietin receptor agonist. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2007; 59:729-34. [PMID: 17256473 DOI: 10.1038/ja.2006.98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Xanthocillin derivatives, which show thrombopoietin receptor agonist activity, were synthesized through our developed method. Bioassay data suggest the importance of alkene geometry, the presence of substituents at the benzene ring that support hydrophobic character, and the moderate size of the molecule. One of the two isonitrile group of the natural product appears to be dispensable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Yamaguchi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Ohkubo, Shinjyuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
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18
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de la Campa R, Seifert K, Miller JD. Toxins from strains of Penicillium chrysogenum isolated from buildings and other sources. Mycopathologia 2007; 163:161-8. [PMID: 17380432 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-007-0091-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2006] [Accepted: 01/04/2007] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
In 2004, Scott et al. (Mycologia 2004; 96: 1095-1105) determined that there are four molecular species within P. chrysogenum, one of which (clade 4) was dominant in isolates in house dust in approximately 100 homes in southern Ontario, Canada. We collected additional strains from buildings across Canada and obtained some from DAOM. The large majority of our strains were in clade 4, with a modest number of strains in Clade 1. Because these strains came from across Canada, the dominance of clade 4 in buildings is apparently widespread. Most strains tested produced penicillin G, roquefortine C and unexpectedly, meleagrin in high yield. Additionally, there appeared to be strains differentiated by their ability to accumulate xanthocillin X. These studies allowed focused toxicity studies in vivo and with primary lung cell cultures to be undertaken on the basis of reliable information of the toxins that should be studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina de la Campa
- Ottawa-Carleton Institute of Chemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1S 5B6
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Abstract
This review covers the literature published in 2005 for marine natural products, with 704 citations (493 for the period January to December 2005) referring to compounds isolated from marine microorganisms and phytoplankton, green algae, brown algae, red algae, sponges, coelenterates, bryozoans, molluscs, tunicates and echinoderms. The emphasis is on new compounds (812 for 2005), together with their relevant biological activities, source organisms and country of origin. Biosynthetic studies, first syntheses, and syntheses that lead to the revision of structures or stereochemistries, have been included.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Blunt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.
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Dömling A, Beck B, Baumbach W, Larbig G. Towards erythropoietin mimicking small molecules. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:379-84. [PMID: 17084083 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2006] [Revised: 10/17/2006] [Accepted: 10/17/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Small molecules potentially mimicking the hormone erythropoietin have been discovered by screening of a library of rationally designed multicomponent reaction molecules in a functional cell-based assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Dömling
- ABC-Pharma, Franckensteinstr.9a, 81243 München, Germany. asd30+@pitt.edu
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21
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Fra MD GP, Avanzi MD GC. Haemopoietic growth factors in the treatment of myelodysplastic syndrome. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2006. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.16.11.1557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Terasawa R, Kashiwakura I, Yoshizawa A. [Effects of liquid crystal-related compounds on human megakaryocytopoiesis and thrombopoiesis]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2006; 126:429-37. [PMID: 16755130 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.126.429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, the effects of liquid crystal-related compounds on the megakaryocytopoiesis and thrombopoiesis were evaluated in vitro using CD34+ cells prepared from human placental and umbilical cord blood (CB). About 20 kinds of compounds were tested for their effects on the clonal growth of CB CD34+ megakaryocytic progenitor cells (CFU-Meg) in plasma clot culture. The compounds, dissolved in DMSO, were added to the cultures within a concentration range of 10-100 nM. When used alone, none of the compounds supported the clonal growth of CFU-Meg. However, when thrombopoietin (TPO) was used as a growth factor, three compounds increased CFU-Meg clonal growth significantly, producing approximately 1.3-1.4 fold increases in the total number of megakaryocyte colonies in comparison with the control. These compounds promoted mainly mature CFU-Meg-derived small colonies, suggesting that their target is relatively mature CFU-Meg. These effective compounds were examined in liquid culture supplemented with TPO alone for 14 days. Although there was no evident promotion of the total number of cells harvested from the culture, two compounds suppressed cell growth significantly. Only one compound enhanced the generation of CFU-Meg in the harvested cells. Although these results do not indicate a strong correlation between the chemical structure of each compound and biological effectiveness, the incorporation of phenylpyridine and phenylpyrimidine and binding of a hydroxyl residue into the structure may play an important role in the activity. Thus, liquid crystal-related compounds whose biological action was previously unknown have been shown to act as regulators of hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rie Terasawa
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Hirosaki University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Hirosaki City 036-8561, Japan
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Nakamura T, Miyakawa Y, Miyamura A, Yamane A, Suzuki H, Ito M, Ohnishi Y, Ishiwata N, Ikeda Y, Tsuruzoe N. A novel nonpeptidyl human c-Mpl activator stimulates human megakaryopoiesis and thrombopoiesis. Blood 2006; 107:4300-7. [PMID: 16484588 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2005-11-4433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractNIP-004 is a novel synthetic compound developed to display human thrombopoietin (TPO) receptor (c-Mpl) agonist activity. NIP-004 displays species specificity, stimulating proliferation or differentiation of human c-Mpl–expressing cells such as UT-7/TPO and human CD34+ cells but not murine c-Mpl–expressing cells or cynomolgus monkey cells. To test the mechanism of its action, we constructed mutant forms of c-Mpl; murine c-MplL490H dis-played a response to NIP-004, whereas human c-MplH499L lost this response, indicating that histidine in the transmembrane domain of c-Mpl is essential for its activity. Because histidine is not present in the c-Mpl transmembrane domain of rats, hamsters, rhesus macaques, and cynomolgus monkeys, we examined the in vivo efficacy of NIP-004 using mice that received xenotransplants. In immunodeficient nonobese diabetic (NOD)/Shi-scid, IL-2Rγnull (NOG) mice receiving transplants of umbilical cord blood–derived CD34+ cells, NIP-004 increased human megakaryoblasts, mature megakaryocytes, and circulating human platelets 6-fold, the latter being morphologically and functionally indistinguishable from normal human platelets. These observations indicate that NIP-004 is a novel human c-Mpl activator and induces human thrombopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Nakamura
- Pharmaceutical Research Department, Biological Research Laboratories, Nissan Chemical Industries, Ltd, 1470 Shiraoka, Saitama 349-0294, Japan.
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