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Di X, Wang S, Oskarsson JT, Rouger C, Tasdemir D, Hardardottir I, Freysdottir J, Wang X, Molinski TF, Omarsdottir S. Bromotryptamine and Imidazole Alkaloids with Anti-inflammatory Activity from the Bryozoan Flustra foliacea. J Nat Prod 2020; 83:2854-2866. [PMID: 33016699 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c00126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Chemical investigation of the marine bryozoan Flustra foliacea collected in Iceland resulted in isolation of 13 new bromotryptamine alkaloids, flustramines Q-W (1-7) and flustraminols C-H (8-13), and two new imidazole alkaloids, flustrimidazoles A and B (14 and 15), together with 12 previously described compounds (16-27). Their structures were established by detailed spectroscopic analysis using 1D and 2D NMR and HRESIMS. Structure 2 was verified by calculations of the 13C and 1H NMR chemical shifts using density functional theory. The relative and absolute configurations of the new compounds were elucidated on the basis of coupling constant analysis, NOESY, [α]D, and ECD spectroscopic data, in addition to chemical derivatization. The compounds were tested for in vitro anti-inflammatory activity using a dendritic cell model. Eight compounds (1, 3, 5, 13, 16, 18, 26, and 27) decreased dendritic cell secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-12p40, and two compounds (4 and 14) increased secretion of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. Deformylflustrabromine B (27) showed the most potent anti-inflammatory effect (IC50 2.9 μM). These results demonstrate that F. foliacea from Iceland expresses a broad range of brominated alkaloids, many without structural precedents. The potent anti-inflammatory activity in vitro of metabolite 27 warrants further investigations into its potential as a lead for inflammation-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaxia Di
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Iceland, IS-107 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Shuqi Wang
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Shandong University, 250012 Jinan, China
| | - Jon T Oskarsson
- Department of Immunology, Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, IS-101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Caroline Rouger
- GEOMAR Centre for Marine Biotechnology (GEOMAR-Biotech), Marine Natural Products Chemistry Research Unit, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, 24106 Kiel, Germany
| | - Deniz Tasdemir
- GEOMAR Centre for Marine Biotechnology (GEOMAR-Biotech), Marine Natural Products Chemistry Research Unit, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, 24106 Kiel, Germany
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Kiel University, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Ingibjorg Hardardottir
- Department of Immunology, Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, IS-101 Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, Biomedical Center, University of Iceland, IS-101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Jona Freysdottir
- Department of Immunology, Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, IS-101 Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, Biomedical Center, University of Iceland, IS-101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Xiao Wang
- Analytical Research & Development, Merck & Co. Inc, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Tadeusz F Molinski
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Sesselja Omarsdottir
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Iceland, IS-107 Reykjavik, Iceland
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2
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Ciavatta ML, Lefranc F, Vieira LM, Kiss R, Carbone M, van Otterlo WAL, Lopanik NB, Waeschenbach A. The Phylum Bryozoa: From Biology to Biomedical Potential. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:E200. [PMID: 32283669 PMCID: PMC7230173 DOI: 10.3390/md18040200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Less than one percent of marine natural products characterized since 1963 have been obtained from the phylum Bryozoa which, therefore, still represents a huge reservoir for the discovery of bioactive metabolites with its ~6000 described species. The current review is designed to highlight how bryozoans use sophisticated chemical defenses against their numerous predators and competitors, and which can be harbored for medicinal uses. This review collates all currently available chemoecological data about bryozoans and lists potential applications/benefits for human health. The core of the current review relates to the potential of bryozoan metabolites in human diseases with particular attention to viral, brain, and parasitic diseases. It additionally weighs the pros and cons of total syntheses of some bryozoan metabolites versus the synthesis of non-natural analogues, and explores the hopes put into the development of biotechnological approaches to provide sustainable amounts of bryozoan metabolites without harming the natural environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Letizia Ciavatta
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare (ICB), Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy; (M.L.C.); (M.C.)
| | - Florence Lefranc
- Service de Neurochirurgie, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Leandro M. Vieira
- Departamento de Zoologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE 50670-901, Brazil;
| | - Robert Kiss
- Retired – formerly at the Fonds National de la Recherche Scientifique (FRS-FNRS), 1000 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Marianna Carbone
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare (ICB), Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy; (M.L.C.); (M.C.)
| | - Willem A. L. van Otterlo
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa;
| | - Nicole B. Lopanik
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA;
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3
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Bracegirdle J, Gordon DP, Harvey JE, Keyzers RA. Kinase-Inhibitory Nucleoside Derivatives from the Pacific Bryozoan Nelliella nelliiformis. J Nat Prod 2020; 83:547-551. [PMID: 31961676 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.9b01231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Marine organisms are a valuable source of bioactive natural products, yet bryozoan invertebrates have been relatively understudied. Herein, we report nelliellosides A and B, new secondary metabolites of the Pacific bryozoan Nelliella nelliiformis, found using NMR-guided isolation. Their structures, including absolute configurations, were elucidated using spectroscopic and chromatographic techniques. Total synthesis of the natural products and four analogues was also achieved, in addition to an assessment of their biological activity, especially kinase inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe Bracegirdle
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences and Centre for Biodiscovery , Victoria University of Wellington , Wellington 6012 , New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery , Auckland 1142 , New Zealand
| | - Dennis P Gordon
- National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research (NIWA) , Wellington 6021 , New Zealand
| | - Joanne E Harvey
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences and Centre for Biodiscovery , Victoria University of Wellington , Wellington 6012 , New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery , Auckland 1142 , New Zealand
| | - Robert A Keyzers
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences and Centre for Biodiscovery , Victoria University of Wellington , Wellington 6012 , New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery , Auckland 1142 , New Zealand
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4
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Kleks G, Duffy S, Lucantoni L, Avery VM, Carroll AR. Orthoscuticellines A-E, β-Carboline Alkaloids from the Bryozoan Orthoscuticella ventricosa Collected in Australia. J Nat Prod 2020; 83:422-428. [PMID: 31961680 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.9b00933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Antiplasmodial high-throughput screening of extracts derived from marine invertebrates collected from northern NSW, Australia, resulted in the methanol extract of the bryozoan Orthoscuticella ventricosa being identified as inhibitory toward the 3D7 strain of Plasmodium falciparum. Purification of this extract resulted in two new bis-β-carbolines that possess a cyclobutane moiety, orthoscuticellines A and B (1 and 2), three new β-carboline alkaloids, orthoscuticellines C-E (3-5), and six known compounds, 1-ethyl-4-methylsulfone-β-carboline (6), 1-ethyl-β-carboline (7), 1-acetyl-β-carboline (8) 1-(1'-hydroxyethyl)-β-carboline (9), 1-methoxycarbonyl-β-carboline (10), and 1-vinyl-β-carboline (11). The structures of all compounds were determined from analysis of MS and 1D and 2D NMR data. The compounds showed modest antiplasmodial activity against P. falciparum in the range of 12-21 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy Kleks
- Environmental Futures Research Institute , Griffith University , Gold Coast , QLD 4222 , Australia
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery , Griffith University , Brisbane , QLD 4111 , Australia
| | - Sandra Duffy
- Discovery Biology, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery , Griffith University , Brisbane , QLD 4111 , Australia
| | - Leonardo Lucantoni
- Discovery Biology, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery , Griffith University , Brisbane , QLD 4111 , Australia
| | - Vicky M Avery
- Discovery Biology, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery , Griffith University , Brisbane , QLD 4111 , Australia
| | - Anthony R Carroll
- Environmental Futures Research Institute , Griffith University , Gold Coast , QLD 4222 , Australia
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery , Griffith University , Brisbane , QLD 4111 , Australia
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Abstract
Recent advances in sampling and novel techniques in drug synthesis and isolation have promoted the discovery of anticancer agents from marine organisms to combat this major threat to public health worldwide. Bryozoans, which are filter-feeding, aquatic invertebrates often characterized by a calcified skeleton, are an excellent source of pharmacologically interesting compounds including well-known chemical classes such as alkaloids and polyketides. This review covers the literature for secondary metabolites isolated from marine cheilostome and ctenostome bryozoans that have shown potential as cancer drugs. Moreover, we highlight examples such as bryostatins, the most known class of marine-derived compounds from this animal phylum, which are advancing through anticancer clinical trials due to their low toxicity and antineoplastic activity. The bryozoan antitumor compounds discovered until now show a wide range of chemical diversity and biological activities. Therefore, more research focusing on the isolation of secondary metabolites with potential anticancer properties from bryozoans and other overlooked taxa covering wider geographic areas is needed for an efficient bioprospecting of natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca Figuerola
- Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM-CSIC), Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, Barcelona 08003, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Conxita Avila
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology, and Environmental Sciences, and Biodiversity Research Institute (IrBIO), Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, Barcelona 08028, Catalonia, Spain
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Jacob DE, Ruthensteiner B, Trimby P, Henry H, Martha SO, Leitner J, Otter LM, Scholz J. Architecture of Anoteropora latirostris (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata) and implications for their biomineralization. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11439. [PMID: 31391508 PMCID: PMC6685955 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47848-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Cheilostome Bryozoa Anoteropora latirostris, a colonial marine invertebrate, constructs its skeleton from calcite and aragonite. This study presents firstly correlated multi-scale electron microscopy, micro-computed tomography, electron backscatter diffraction and NanoSIMS mapping. We show that all primary, coarse-grained platy calcitic lateral walls are covered by fine-grained fibrous aragonite. Vertical lateral walls separating autozooid chambers have aragonite only on their distal side. This type of asymmetric mineralization of lateral walls results from the vertical arrangement of the zooids at the growth margins of the colony and represents a type of biomineralization previously unknown in cheilostome bryozoans. NanoSIMS mapping across the aragonite-calcite interface indicates an organic layer between both mineral phases, likely representing an organic template for biomineralization of aragonite on the calcite layer. Analysis of crystallographic orientations show a moderately strong crystallographic preferred orientation (CPO) for calcite (7.4 times random orientation) and an overall weaker CPO for aragonite (2.4 times random orientation) with a high degree of twinning (45%) of the aragonite grains. The calculated Young's modulus for the CPO map shows a weak mechanical direction perpendicular to the colony's upper surface facilitating this organism's strategy of clonal reproduction by fragmentation along the vertical zooid walls.
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Affiliation(s)
- D E Jacob
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia.
| | - B Ruthensteiner
- Zoologische Staatssammlung München, Staatliche Naturwissenschaftliche Sammlung Bayerns, Münchhausenstraße 21, 81247, München, Germany
| | - P Trimby
- Australian Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
- Oxford Instruments Nanoanalysis, High Wycombe, UK
| | - H Henry
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Core to Crust Fluid System (CCFS)/GEMOC, Macquarie University, North Ryde, Australia
| | - S O Martha
- Senckenberg Forschungsinstitute und Naturmuseen, Marine Evertebraten III, Senckenberganlage 25, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - J Leitner
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Particle Chemistry, Hahn-Meitner-Weg 1, Mainz, Germany
| | - L M Otter
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - J Scholz
- Senckenberg Forschungsinstitute und Naturmuseen, Marine Evertebraten III, Senckenberganlage 25, Frankfurt, Germany
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7
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Hansen KØ, Isaksson J, Glomsaker E, Andersen JH, Hansen E. Ponasterone A and F, Ecdysteroids from the Arctic Bryozoan Alcyonidium gelatinosum. Molecules 2018; 23:E1481. [PMID: 29921766 PMCID: PMC6100090 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23061481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A new ecdysteroid, ponasterone F (1) and the previously reported compound ponasterone A (2) were isolated from specimens of the Arctic marine bryozoan Alcyonidium gelatinosum collected at Hopenbanken, off the coast of Edgeøya, Svalbard. The structure of 1 was elucidated, and the structure of 2 confirmed by spectroscopic methods including 1D and 2D NMR and analysis of HR-MS data. The compounds were evaluated for their ability to affect bacterial survival and cell viability, as well as their agonistic activities towards the estrogen receptors α and β. The compounds were not active in these assays. Compound 2 is an arthropod hormone controlling molting and are known to act as an allelochemical when produced by plants. Even though its structure has been previously reported, this is the first time a ponasterone has been isolated from a bryozoan. A. gelatinosum produced 1 and 2 in concentrations surpassing those expected of hormonal molecules, indicating their function as defence molecules against molting predators. This work adds to the chemical diversity reported from marine bryozoans and expanded our knowledge of the chemical modifications of the ponasterones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kine Østnes Hansen
- Marbio, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Breivika, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Johan Isaksson
- Department of Chemistry, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Breivika, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Eirin Glomsaker
- Marbio, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Breivika, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway.
| | | | - Espen Hansen
- Marbio, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Breivika, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway.
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8
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Abstract
This paper describes the skeletal carbonate mineralogy of 156 bryozoan species collected from Scotland (sourced both from museum collections and from waters around Scotland) and collated from literature. This collection represents 79% of the species which inhabit Scottish waters and is a greater number and proportion of extant species than any previous regional study. The study is also of significance globally where the data augment the growing database of mineralogical analyses and offers first analyses for 26 genera and four families. Specimens were collated through a combination of field sampling and existing collections and were analysed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and micro-XRD to determine wt% MgCO3 in calcite and wt% aragonite. Species distribution data and phylogenetic organisation were applied to understand distributional, taxonomic and phylo-mineralogical patterns. Analysis of the skeletal composition of Scottish bryozoans shows that the group is statistically different from neighbouring Arctic fauna but features a range of mineralogy comparable to other temperate regions. As has been previously reported, cyclostomes feature low Mg in calcite and very little aragonite, whereas cheilostomes show much more variability, including bimineralic species. Scotland is a highly variable region, open to biological and environmental influx from all directions, and bryozoans exhibit this in the wide range of within-species mineralogical variability they present. This plasticity in skeletal composition may be driven by a combination of environmentally-induced phenotypic variation, or physiological factors. A flexible response to environment, as manifested in a wide range of skeletal mineralogy within a species, may be one characteristic of successful invasive bryozoans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Loxton
- Centre for Marine Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Riccarton, Edinburgh, Uinted Kingdom
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, Uinted Kingdom
- University Marine Biological Station, Millport, Isle of Cumbrae, Uinted Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Mary Spencer Jones
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, Uinted Kingdom
| | - Jens Najorka
- Core Research Laboratories, Natural History Museum, London, Uinted Kingdom
| | - Abigail M. Smith
- Department of Marine Science, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Joanne S. Porter
- Centre for Marine Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Riccarton, Edinburgh, Uinted Kingdom
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, Uinted Kingdom
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Abstract
Covering: up to 2018 Symbiotic microbes interact with animals, often by producing natural products (specialized metabolites; secondary metabolites) that exert a biological role. A major goal is to determine which microbes produce biologically important compounds, a deceptively challenging task that often rests on correlative results, rather than hypothesis testing. Here, we examine the challenges and successes from the perspective of marine animal-bacterial mutualisms. These animals have historically provided a useful model because of their technical accessibility. By comparing biological systems, we suggest a common framework for establishing chemical interactions between animals and microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maho Morita
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA 84112.
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10
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Abstract
Covering: 2016. Previous review: Nat. Prod. Rep., 2017, 34, 235-294This review covers the literature published in 2016 for marine natural products (MNPs), with 757 citations (643 for the period January to December 2016) referring to compounds isolated from marine microorganisms and phytoplankton, green, brown and red algae, sponges, cnidarians, bryozoans, molluscs, tunicates, echinoderms, mangroves and other intertidal plants and microorganisms. The emphasis is on new compounds (1277 in 432 papers for 2016), together with the relevant biological activities, source organisms and country of origin. Reviews, biosynthetic studies, first syntheses, and syntheses that led to the revision of structures or stereochemistries, have been included.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Blunt
- School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
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11
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Hansen KØ, Isaksson J, Bayer A, Johansen JA, Andersen JH, Hansen E. Securamine Derivatives from the Arctic Bryozoan Securiflustra securifrons. J Nat Prod 2017; 80:3276-3283. [PMID: 29220180 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.7b00703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Bryozoans belonging to the Flustridae family have proven to be a rich source of structurally unique secondary metabolites. As part of our continuing search for bioactive secondary metabolites from Arctic marine invertebrates, the organic extract of Securiflustra securifrons was examined. This resulted in the isolation of three new halogenated, hexacyclic indole-imidazole alkaloids, securamines H-J (1-3), together with the previously reported compounds securamines C (4) and E (5). The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic methods including 1D and 2D NMR and analysis of HRMS data. Through NMR and HRMS analysis, we were also able to prove that 1, 2, 4, and 5, when dissolved in MeOH, were converted into their corresponding artifacts, the securamine MeOH adducts m1, m2, m4, and m5. When redissolved in a non-nucleophilic solvent, the native variants were re-formed. We also found that 3 was a MeOH addition product of a native variant. Even though the structures of several securamines have been reported, their bioactivities were not examined. The securamines displayed various degrees of cytotoxicity against the human cancer cell lines A2058 (skin), HT-29 (colon), and MCF-7 (breast), as well as against nonmalignant human MRC-5 lung fibroblasts. Compounds 1, 2, and 5 were found to be active, with IC50 values against the cancer cell lines ranging from 1.4 ± 0.1 to 10 ± 1 μM. The cytotoxicity of 1 was further evaluated and found to be time-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kine Ø Hansen
- Marbio, UiT The Arctic University of Norway , Breivika, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Johan Isaksson
- Department of Chemistry, UiT The Arctic University of Norway , Breivika, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Annette Bayer
- Department of Chemistry, UiT The Arctic University of Norway , Breivika, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Jostein A Johansen
- Department of Chemistry, UiT The Arctic University of Norway , Breivika, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Jeanette H Andersen
- Marbio, UiT The Arctic University of Norway , Breivika, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Espen Hansen
- Marbio, UiT The Arctic University of Norway , Breivika, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
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12
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Michael P, Hansen KØ, Isaksson J, Andersen JH, Hansen E. A Novel Brominated Alkaloid Securidine A, Isolated from the Marine Bryozoan Securiflustra securifrons. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22071236. [PMID: 28737700 PMCID: PMC6152195 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22071236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel brominated alkaloid, Securidine A, was isolated from the cold water marine bryozoan Securiflustra securifrons. Securidine A was isolated using semi-preparative HPLC, and the structure was elucidated by spectroscopic methods. The isolated Securidine A was tested for cytotoxic, antibacterial, and anti-diabetic activities as well as for its potential for inhibition of biofilm formation. No significant biological activity was observed in the applied bioassays, thus expanded bioactivity profiling is required, in order to reveal any potential applications for Securidine A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Michael
- MARBIO, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Breivika, Tromsø N-9037, Norway.
| | - Kine Ø Hansen
- MARBIO, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Breivika, Tromsø N-9037, Norway.
| | - Johan Isaksson
- Department of Chemistry, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Breivika, Tromsø N-9037, Norway.
| | - Jeanette H Andersen
- MARBIO, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Breivika, Tromsø N-9037, Norway.
| | - Espen Hansen
- MARBIO, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Breivika, Tromsø N-9037, Norway.
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13
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Kollar P, Šmejkal K, Salmonová H, Vlková E, Lepšová-Skácelová O, Balounová Z, Rajchard J, Cvačka J, Jaša L, Babica P, Pazourek J. Assessment of Chemical Impact of Invasive Bryozoan Pectinatella magnifica on the Environment: Cytotoxicity and Antimicrobial Activity of P. magnifica Extracts. Molecules 2016; 21:E1476. [PMID: 27827926 PMCID: PMC6272939 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21111476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 10/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pectinatella magnifica, an invasive bryozoan, might significantly affect ecosystem balance due to its massive occurrence in many areas in Europe and other parts of the world. Biological and chemical analyses are needed to get complete information about the impact of the animal on the environment. In this paper, we aimed to evaluate in vitro cytotoxic effects of five extracts prepared from P. magnifica using LDH assay on THP-1 cell line. Antimicrobial activities of extracts against 22 different bacterial strains were tested by microdilution method. Our study showed that all extracts tested, except aqueous portion, demonstrated LD50 values below 100 μg/mL, which indicates potential toxicity. The water extract of P. magnifica with LD50 value of 250 μg/mL also shows potentially harmful effects. Also, an environmental risk resulting from the presence and increasing biomass of potentially toxic benthic cyanobacteria in old colonies should not be underestimated. Toxicity of Pectinatella extracts could be partially caused by presence of Aeromonas species in material, since we found members of these genera as most abundant bacteria associated with P. magnifica. Furthermore, P. magnifica seems to be a promising source of certain antimicrobial agents. Its methanolic extract, hexane, and chloroform fractions possessed selective inhibitory effect on some potential pathogens and food spoiling bacteria in the range of MIC 0.5-10 mg/mL. Future effort should be made to isolate and characterize the content compounds derived from P. magnifica, which could help to identify the substance(s) responsible for the toxic effects of P. magnifica extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Kollar
- Department of Human Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palackého tř. 1946/1, Brno 61242, Czech Republic.
| | - Karel Šmejkal
- Department of Natural Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palackého tř. 1946/1, Brno 61242, Czech Republic.
| | - Hana Salmonová
- Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, Prague 6, 16521, Czech Republic.
| | - Eva Vlková
- Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, Prague 6, 16521, Czech Republic.
| | - Olga Lepšová-Skácelová
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Branišovská 31, České Budějovice 37005, Czech Republic.
| | - Zuzana Balounová
- Department of Biological Studies, Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Studentská 13, České Budějovice 37005, Czech Republic.
| | - Josef Rajchard
- Department of Biological Studies, Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Studentská 13, České Budějovice 37005, Czech Republic.
| | - Josef Cvačka
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Flemingovo nám. 2, Prague 16610, Czech Republic.
| | - Libor Jaša
- RECETOX-Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, Brno 60200, Czech Republic.
- Department of Experimental Phycology and Ecotoxicology, Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Lidická 25/27, Brno 60200, Czech Republic.
| | - Pavel Babica
- RECETOX-Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, Brno 60200, Czech Republic.
- Department of Experimental Phycology and Ecotoxicology, Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Lidická 25/27, Brno 60200, Czech Republic.
| | - Jiří Pazourek
- Department of Chemical Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palackého tř. 1946/1, Brno 61242, Czech Republic.
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14
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Wang KL, Xu Y, Lu L, Li Y, Han Z, Zhang J, Shao CL, Wang CY, Qian PY. Low-Toxicity Diindol-3-ylmethanes as Potent Antifouling Compounds. Mar Biotechnol (NY) 2015; 17:624-632. [PMID: 26239187 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-015-9656-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, eight natural products that belonged to di(1H-indol-3-yl)methane (DIM) family were isolated from Pseudovibrio denitrificans UST4-50 and tested for their antifouling activity against larval settlement (including both attachment and metamorphosis) of the barnacle Balanus (=Amphibalanus) amphitrite and the bryozoan Bugula neritina. All diindol-3-ylmethanes (DIMs) showed moderate to strong inhibitory effects against larval settlement of B. amphitrite with EC50 values ranging from 18.57 to 1.86 μM and could be considered as low-toxicity antifouling compounds since their LC50/EC50 ratios were larger than 15. Furthermore, the DIM- and 4-(di(1H-indol-3-yl)methyl)phenol (DIM-Ph-4-OH)-treated larvae completed normal settlement when they were transferred to clean seawater after being exposed to those compounds for 24 h. DIM also showed comparable antifouling performance to the commercial antifouling biocide Sea-Nine 211(™) in the field test over a period of 5 months, which further confirmed that DIMs can be considered as promising candidates of environmentally friendly antifouling compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Ling Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
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15
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Abstract
Four new macrocyclic lactones, bryostatin 21 (1) and 9-O-methylbryostatins 4, 16, and 17 (2-4), together with three known related compounds, bryostatins 4, 16, and 17 (5-7), have been isolated from an extract of the South China Sea bryozoan Bugula neritina. The structures of all compounds were unambiguously elucidated using detailed spectroscopic analysis. Structurally, the presence of a single methyl group at C-18 in compound 1 has not been observed before for known bryostatins. The isolated macrolides exhibited inhibitory effects against a small panel of human cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Bing Yu
- †Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai 200003, People's Republic of China
- ‡Marine Drugs Research Center, Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai 200127, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Yang
- ‡Marine Drugs Research Center, Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai 200127, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Yun Li
- ‡Marine Drugs Research Center, Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai 200127, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Hong Gan
- †Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai 200003, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Hua Jiao
- ‡Marine Drugs Research Center, Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai 200127, People's Republic of China
| | - Hou-Wen Lin
- †Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai 200003, People's Republic of China
- ‡Marine Drugs Research Center, Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai 200127, People's Republic of China
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16
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Kedei N, Kraft MB, Keck GE, Herald CL, Melody N, Pettit GR, Blumberg PM. Neristatin 1 provides critical insight into bryostatin 1 structure-function relationships. J Nat Prod 2015; 78:896-900. [PMID: 25808573 PMCID: PMC4415049 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.5b00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Bryostatin 1, a complex macrocyclic lactone isolated from Bugula neritina, has been the subject of multiple clinical trials for cancer. Although it functions as an activator of protein kinase C (PKC) in vitro, bryostatin 1 paradoxically antagonizes most responses to the prototypical PKC activator, the phorbol esters. The bottom half of the bryostatin 1 structure has been shown to be sufficient to confer binding to PKC. In contrast, we have previously shown that the top half of the bryostatin 1 structure is necessary for its unique biological behavior to antagonize phorbol ester responses. Neristatin 1 comprises a top half similar to that of bryostatin 1 together with a distinct bottom half that confers PKC binding. We report here that neristatin 1 is bryostatin 1-like, not phorbol ester-like, in its biological activity on U937 promyelocytic leukemia cells. We conclude that the top half of the bryostatin 1 structure is largely sufficient for bryostatin 1-like activity, provided the molecule also possesses an appropriate PKC binding domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemi Kedei
- Laboratory
of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-4255, United States
| | - Matthew B. Kraft
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Gary E. Keck
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Cherry L. Herald
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, P.O. Box 871604, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
| | - Noeleen Melody
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, P.O. Box 871604, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
| | - George R. Pettit
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, P.O. Box 871604, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
| | - Peter M. Blumberg
- Laboratory
of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-4255, United States
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17
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Wang J, Prinsep MR, Gordon DP, Page MJ, Copp BR. Isolation and stereospecific synthesis of janolusimide B from a New Zealand collection of the bryozoan Bugula flabellata. J Nat Prod 2015; 78:530-533. [PMID: 25494238 DOI: 10.1021/np500752y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
NMR-directed screening of New Zealand marine organisms has led to the isolation of the modified tripeptide janolusimide B from the common invasive bryozoan Bugula flabellata. The structure was established by NMR and MS analysis, degradative hydrolysis and derivatization, and stereoselective fragment synthesis. The bryozoan natural product is an N-methyl analogue of janolusimide, previously reported from the Mediterranean nudibranch Janolus cristatus, a species known to prey upon bryozoa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Wang
- †School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Michèle R Prinsep
- ‡Chemistry, School of Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
| | | | | | - Brent R Copp
- †School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
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18
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Tadesse M, Tabudravu JN, Jaspars M, Strøm MB, Hansen E, Andersen JH, Kristiansen PE, Haug T. The antibacterial ent-eusynstyelamide B and eusynstyelamides D, E, and F from the Arctic bryozoan Tegella cf. spitzbergensis. J Nat Prod 2011; 74:837-841. [PMID: 21370896 DOI: 10.1021/np100499c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The brominated tryptophan-derived ent-eusynstyelamide B (1) and three new derivatives, eusynstyelamides D, E, and F (2-4), were isolated from the Arctic bryozoan Tegella cf. spitzbergensis. The structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods including 1D and 2D NMR and analysis of mass spectrometric data. The enantiomer of 1, eusynstyelamide B, has previously been isolated from the Australian ascidian Eusynstyela latericius. Antimicrobial activities are here reported for 1-4, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) as low as 6.25 μg/mL for 1 and 4 against Staphylococcus aureus. Eusynstyelamides 2 and 3 showed weak cytotoxic activity against the human melanoma A 2058 cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margey Tadesse
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, University of Tromsø, Breivika N-9037, Tromsø, Norway.
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19
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Lei H, Zhou XF, Yang YL, Sun JF, Hu J, Liu YH. [Sterols of marine bryozoan Bugula neritina from the South China Sea]. Zhong Yao Cai 2011; 34:180-183. [PMID: 21823470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the sterol constituents of Bugula neritina from the South China Sea. METHODS The alcohol extract of Bugula neritina was purified by silica gel column and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography, and structures of the isolated compounds were identified by spectroscopic analysis and comparison with those of literatures. RESULTS Ten sterols were isolated and identified from the petroleum ether fraction of alcohol extract of B. neritina L.:Cholest-4-en-3-one(I); cholesterol(II);3beta,5alpha,9alpha-trihydroxy-(22E,24R)-ergosta-7,22-dien-6-one(III); 24-methyl-5alpha-cholesta-7,22-diene-3beta,5,6beta-triol(IV); 3beta-Hydroxy-7-methoxy-Cholesta-5-en(V);5alpha, 8alpha-epidioxy-(22E,24R)-ergosta-6, 22-dien-3beta-ol(VI); 3beta-hydroxycholest-5-en-7-one (VII); and 6beta-hydroxy-cholest-4-en-3-one(VIII); Cholesta-5-ene-3beta,7beta-diol(IX); Cholesta-5,22(E)-dien-3beta,7alpha-diol(X). CONCLUSION Compounds IV-X were isolated from Bugula neritina for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Lei
- Faculty of Life Science of Biotechnology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650224, China.
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20
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Tian XR, Tang HF, Li YS, Lin HW, Chen XL, Ma N, Yao MN, Zhang PH. New cytotoxic oxygenated sterols from the marine bryozoan Cryptosula pallasiana. Mar Drugs 2011; 9:162-183. [PMID: 21566793 PMCID: PMC3093251 DOI: 10.3390/md9020162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2010] [Revised: 01/13/2011] [Accepted: 01/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Six new sterols (1-6), together with seven known sterols (7-13), were isolated from the CCl(4) extract of the marine bryozoan Cryptosula pallasiana, four (3-6) of which have already been reported as synthetic sterols. This is the first time that these compounds (3-6) are reported as natural sterols. The structures of the new compounds were determined on the basis of the extensive spectroscopic analysis, including two-dimensional (2D) NMR and HR-ESI-MS data. Compounds 1-4, 7 and 10-13 were evaluated for their cytotoxicity against HL-60 human myeloid leukemia cell line, and all of the evaluated compounds exhibited moderate cytotoxicity to HL-60 cells with a range of IC(50) values from 14.73 to 22.11 µg/mL except for compounds 12 and 13.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Rong Tian
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, Shannxi, China; (X.-R.T.)
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, China
| | - Hai-Feng Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, Shannxi, China; (X.-R.T.)
| | - Yu-Shan Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, China
| | - Hou-Wen Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China; (H.-W.L.)
| | - Xiao-Li Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, Shannxi, China; (X.-R.T.)
| | - Ning Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, Shannxi, China; (X.-R.T.)
| | - Min-Na Yao
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, Shannxi, China; (X.-R.T.)
| | - Ping-Hu Zhang
- Jiangsu Center for Drug Screening & National Drug Screening Laboratory, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China; (P.-H.Z.)
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21
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Tian XR, Tang HF, Li YS, Lin HW, Ma N, Zhang W, Yao MN. Ceramides and cerebrosides from the marine bryozoan Bugula neritina inhabiting South China Sea. J Asian Nat Prod Res 2009; 11:1005-1012. [PMID: 20183269 DOI: 10.1080/10286020903207050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
From the marine bryozoan Bugula neritina inhabiting South China Sea, a new ceramide named (2S,3R,4E)-2-(14'-methyl-pentadecanoylamino)-4-octadecene-l,3-diol (1) and a new cerebroside named 1-O-(beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-(2S,3R,4E)-2-(heptadecanoylamino)-4-octadecene-l,3-diol (6), together with one known ceramide (2) and three known cerebrosides (3, 4, and 5), were isolated. Their structures were deduced by extensive spectral analysis and chemical evidences. Compound 1 is branched with a methyl [-CH(CH(3))(2)] in the fatty acid moiety, which is a rare structural feature among ceramides. Compound 6 is a new cerebroside with 17 carbons in the fatty acid moiety, while 5 is a new natural product which was isolated from a natural origin for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Rong Tian
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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22
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Rochfort SJ, Moore S, Craft C, Martin NH, Van Wagoner RM, Wright JLC. Further studies on the chemistry of the flustra alkaloids from the bryozoan Flustra foliacea. J Nat Prod 2009; 72:1773-1781. [PMID: 19785389 DOI: 10.1021/np900282j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Since 1980, over a dozen novel brominated alkaloids, named flustramines, have been isolated from Scandinavian and Canadian collections of the marine bryozoan Flustra foliacea. This paper describes the reisolation of the known compound dihydroflustramine C (1) and the isolation of 11 new flustramines (2-4, 6-13), including two dimers (12, 13) that may be isolation artifacts. Together these compounds, some with an unexpected aryl substitution pattern, reveal an intricate network of metabolites present in the extracts of the bryozoan. The structures of these metabolites were solved using a variety of spectroscopic techniques and chemical derivatization and modification. This work also led to the recognition of an unusual rearrangement reaction that occurred slowly over a number of years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone J Rochfort
- Institute for Marine Biosciences, National Research Council of Canada, 1411 Oxford Street, Halifax, NS, Canada B3H 3Z1
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23
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Till M, Prinsep MR. 5-Bromo-8-methoxy-1-methyl-beta-carboline, an alkaloid from the New Zealand marine bryozoan Pterocella vesiculosa. J Nat Prod 2009; 72:796-798. [PMID: 19220033 DOI: 10.1021/np8007655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A new alkaloid, 5-bromo-8-methoxy-1-methyl-beta-carboline (1), has been isolated from the New Zealand marine bryozoan Pterocella Vesiculosa. Structural elucidation was achieved through NMR spectroscopic and mass spectrometric analysis, and a single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis of 1 was performed. The biological activity of 1 was assessed against P388 murine leukemia cells and three microorganisms and compared with that of a number of related beta-carboline alkaloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa Till
- Department of Chemistry, UniVersity of Waikato, Private Bag, Hamilton, New Zealand
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24
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Abstract
Four new alkaloids, pterocellins C-F (1-4), have been isolated from the New Zealand marine bryozoan Pterocella vesiculosa. Structural elucidation was achieved through NMR spectroscopic and mass spectrometric analysis and comparison of spectroscopic data with that of the known compounds pterocellins A and B. The biological activities of 1-4 were assessed in a number of different assay systems and compared with those of pterocellins A and B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michèle R Prinsep
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand.
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25
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Abstract
[reaction: see text] The synthesis of a C1-C13 A-ring subunit of bryostatin 1 is detailed. The key features of the approach include the convergent fragment assembly with a highly stereoselective construction of the C7-C8 bond indicated above.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary E Keck
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East RM 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112-0850, USA.
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26
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Tang H, Cheng P, Lin HW, Gao W, Lu Y. [Studies on chemical constituents of marine bryozoan Bugula neritina L]. Zhong Yao Cai 2007; 30:655-657. [PMID: 17918431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Seven compounds were isolated from the marine bryozoan Bugula neritina L. Their chemical structures were identified by NMR and MS spectroscopies as follows: cholesterol (I), cholest-4-en-3-one (II), cholesteryl myristate (III), 3beta,5alpha,9alpha-trihydrox-y-(22E,24R)-ergosta-,22-dien-6-one (IV), 3beta,5alpha,6beta-trihydroxy-(22E,24R)-ergosta-7,22-dien (V), uracil (VI), thymine (VII). Compounds II-VII were isolated from Bugula neritina L. for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Tang
- Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
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27
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Abstract
This Highlight covers the chemical ecology of bryozoans, primarily the ecological functions of bryozoan natural products. The Highlight is arranged taxonomically, according to the bryozoan Treatise classification (P. Bock, Bryozoa Homepage, 2006, http://bryozoa.net).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine H Sharp
- Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Wales Aberystwyth, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, Wales, UK
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28
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Cheng JF, Lee JS, Sakai R, Jares-Erijman EA, Silva MV, Rinehart KL. Myriaporones 1-4, cytotoxic metabolites from the Mediterranean bryozoan Myriapora truncata. J Nat Prod 2007; 70:332-6. [PMID: 17284072 DOI: 10.1021/np060308p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Four novel polyketide-derived metabolites, myriaporones 1, 2, 3, and 4, have been isolated from the Mediterranean bryozoan Myriapora truncata. Their structures and stereochemistry have been assigned from the analysis of spectroscopic data. The inseparable equilibrium mixture of myriaporones 3 and 4 showed 88% inhibition of L1210 murine leukemia cells at 0.2 microg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie-Fei Cheng
- Roger Adams Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
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29
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Abstract
This review covers the literature published in 2005 for marine natural products, with 704 citations (493 for the period January to December 2005) referring to compounds isolated from marine microorganisms and phytoplankton, green algae, brown algae, red algae, sponges, coelenterates, bryozoans, molluscs, tunicates and echinoderms. The emphasis is on new compounds (812 for 2005), together with their relevant biological activities, source organisms and country of origin. Biosynthetic studies, first syntheses, and syntheses that lead to the revision of structures or stereochemistries, have been included.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Blunt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.
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30
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Sudek S, Lopanik NB, Waggoner LE, Hildebrand M, Anderson C, Liu H, Patel A, Sherman DH, Haygood MG. Identification of the putative bryostatin polyketide synthase gene cluster from "Candidatus Endobugula sertula", the uncultivated microbial symbiont of the marine bryozoan Bugula neritina. J Nat Prod 2007; 70:67-74. [PMID: 17253852 DOI: 10.1021/np060361d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The bryostatins are protein kinase C modulators with unique structural features and potential anticancer and neurological activities. These complex polyketides were isolated from the marine bryozoan Bugula neritina, but recent studies indicate that they are produced by the uncultured symbiotic bacterium "Candidatus Endobugula sertula" ("E. sertula"). Here we present the putative biosynthetic genes: five modular polyketide synthase (PKS) genes, a discrete acyltransferase, a beta-ketosynthase, a hydroxy-methyl-glutaryl CoA synthase (HMG-CS), and a methyltransferase. The cluster was sequenced in two closely related "E. sertula" strains from different host species. In one strain the gene cluster is contiguous, while in the other strain it is split into two loci, with one locus containing the PKS genes and the other containing the accessory genes. Here, we propose a hypothesis for the biosynthesis of the bryostatins. Thirteen PKS modules form the core macrolactone ring, and the pendent methyl ester groups are added by the HMG-CS gene cassette. The resulting hypothetical compound bryostatin 0 is the common basis for the 20 known bryostatins. As "E. sertula" is to date uncultured, heterologous expression of this biosynthetic gene cluster has the potential of producing the bioactive bryostatins in large enough quantities for development into a pharmaceutical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Sudek
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Marine Biology Research Division, and Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0202, USA
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31
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Abstract
The marine natural product flustramine C from the bryozoan Flustra foliacea was synthesized in five steps and 38% yield starting from Nb-methyltryptamine. The key step is the biomimetic oxidation of the natural product deformylflustrabromine causing selective 1,2-rearrangement of the inverse prenyl group. By 1H,15N HMBC experiments, it is unambiguously shown that the reaction with t-BuOCl commences with chlorination of the side chain nitrogen. Deformylflustrabromine itself was synthesized via Danishefsky inverse prenylation. [reaction: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Lindel
- Ludwig Maximilian University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, D-81377 Munich, Germany.
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Manning TJ, Rhodes E, Land M, Parkman R, Sumner B, Lam TT, Marshall AG, Phillips D. Impact of environmental conditions on the marine natural product bryostatin 1. Nat Prod Res 2006; 20:611-28. [PMID: 16835096 DOI: 10.1080/14786410500462645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Marine Natural Products (MNPs), such as bryostatin 1, are exposed to a range of physical and chemical conditions through the life cycle of the host organism. These include exposure to sunlight, oxidizing and reducing agents, cation binding, and adsorption to reactive metal oxide surfaces. Using Fourier Transform-Ion Cyclotron Resonance (FT-ICR), Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-MS), UV/Vis absorbance spectroscopy, and molecular modeling, we studied the impact of UV light, TiO2, I2, and reaction with FeCl3 on the structure of bryostatin 1. Our results demonstrate that natural conditions transform bryostatin to a number of structures, including one with a molar mass of 806 Da, which we have previously identified in the sediment collected from the Gulf of Mexico. To date, at least 20 different structures of bryostatin have been reported in the literature. This work suggests that these variations may be products of the chemical environment in which the bryozoa Bugula neritina resides and are not the result of genetic variations within Bugula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Manning
- Chemistry Department, Valdosta State University, Valdosta, GA 31698, USA.
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33
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Abstract
The marine environment is distinguished by unique groups of organisms being the source of a wide array of fascinating structures. The enormous biodiversity of marine habitats is mirrored by the molecular diversity of secondary metabolites found in marine animals, plants and microbes. The recognition that many marine invertebrates contain endo- and epibiotic microorganisms and that some invertebrate-derived natural products are structurally related to bacterial metabolites suggests a microbial origin for some of these compounds. Other marine natural products, however, are clearly located in invertebrate tissue and microbial involvement in the biosynthetic process seems unlikely. The complexity of associations in marine organisms, especially in sponges, bryozoans and tunicates, makes it extremely difficult to definitively state the biosynthetic source of many marine natural products or to deduce their ecological significance. Whereas many symbiotic marine microorganisms cannot be isolated and cultured, numerous epi- and endobiotic marine fungi produce novel secondary metabolites in laboratory cultures. The potent biological activity of many marine natural products is of relevance for their ecological function but is also the basis of their biomedical importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele M König
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Nussallee 6, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
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34
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Abstract
In work directed toward a total synthesis of chartelline A (1a), a strategy was investigated to construct the 10-membered ring of this marine alkaloid via an intramolecular aldehyde/beta-lactam cyclocondensation to form the macrocyclic enamide functionality. Therefore, spiro-beta-lactam and imidazole fragments were first prepared. Tribromooxindole beta-lactam 24 was synthesized from commercially available 5-nitroisatin (18) in seven steps and 30% overall yield via a Staudinger ketene-imine [2 + 2]-cycloaddition strategy. The requisite 2-bromoimidazole subunit 40 bearing a terminal alkyne and a masked aldehyde was efficiently prepared from the readily available imidazole ester 25 in 10 steps. With both advanced intermediates available, the addition of the lithium acetylide generated from 2-bromoimidazole subunit 40 to the gamma-lactam carbonyl group of N-Boc-tribromooxindole 24 was investigated, affording the desired N-Boc-aminal 41. Hydrolysis of the acetonide moiety of 41, followed by oxidative cleavage of the resulting diol, gave the aldehyde 42. Unfortunately, treatment of aldehyde 42 with p-toluenesulfonic acid did not give the desired 10-membered macrocyclic (Z)-enamide 46, but rather the highly unsaturated seven-membered ring compound 44.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuixiang Sun
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
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35
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Abstract
[reaction: see text] The first enantioselective total synthesis of convolutamydines B and E has been achieved using our vinylogous Mukaiyama aldol reaction. The synthesis features highly diastereoselective vinylogous Mukaiyama aldol reaction with isatin instead of aldehydes to construct a chiral center of convolutamydines. Additionally, the absolute configuration of natural convolutamydine B has been determined as R by its CD spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoaki Nakamura
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science (RIKADAI), 2641 Yamazaki, Noda-shi, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan
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36
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Abstract
This review covers the literature published in 2004 for marine natural products, with 693 citations (491 for the period January to December 2004) referring to compounds isolated from marine microorganisms and phytoplankton, green algae, brown algae, red algae, sponges, coelenterates, bryozoans, molluscs, tunicates and echinoderms. The emphasis is on new compounds (716 for 2004), together with their relevant biological activities, source organisms and country of origin. Biosynthetic studies (8), and syntheses (80), including those that lead to the revision of structures or stereochemistries, have been included.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Blunt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.
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37
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Fuchs J, Bright M, Funch P, Wanninger A. Immunocytochemistry of the neuromuscular systems ofLoxosomella vivipara andL. parguerensis (Entoprocta: Loxosomatidae). J Morphol 2006; 267:866-83. [PMID: 16628624 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.10446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Little detailed information exists on the anatomy of the nervous system and the musculature of Entoprocta. Herein we describe the distribution of the neurotransmitters RFamide and serotonin as well as the myo-anatomy of adults and asexually produced budding stages of the solitary entoproct species Loxosomella vivipara and L. parguerensis using immunocytochemistry and epifluorescence as well as confocal microscopy. The development of the RFamidergic and serotonergic nervous system starts in early budding stages. In the adults, RFamide is present in the bilateral symmetric cerebral ganglion, a pair of oral nerves that innervate two pairs of nerve cell clusters in the heel of the foot, a pair of aboral nerves, the paired lateral nerves, the calyx nerves, the atrial ring nerve, the tentacle nerves, the stomach nerves, and the rectal nerves. Serotonin is only found in the cerebral ganglion, the oral nerves, and in the tentacle nerves. Some differences in the distribution of both neurotransmitters were found between L. vivipara and L. parguerensis and are most obvious in the differing number of large serotonergic perikarya associated with the oral nerves. Nerves arising from the cerebral ganglion and running in a ventral direction have not been described for Entoprocta before, and the homology of these to the ventral nerve cords of other Spiralia is considered possible. The body musculature of both Loxosomella species comprises longitudinal and diagonal muscles in the foot, the stalk, and the calyx. We found several circular muscles in the calyx. The stalk and parts of the foot and the calyx are surrounded by a fine outer layer of ring muscles. In addition to the congruent details regarding the myo-anatomy of both species, species-specific muscle structures could be revealed. The comparison of our data with recent findings of the myo-anatomy of two Loxosoma species indicates that longitudinal and diagonal body muscles, atrial ring muscles, tentacle muscles, esophageal and rectal ring muscles, as well as intestinal and anal sphincters are probably part of the ancestral entoproct muscle bauplan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Fuchs
- Department of Cell Biology and Comparative Zoology, Biological Institute, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
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38
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Manning TJ, Land M, Rhodes E, Chamberlin L, Rudloe J, Phillips D, Lam TT, Purcell J, Cooper HJ, Emmett MR, Marshall AG. Identifying bryostatins and potential precursors from the bryozoan Bugula neritina. Nat Prod Res 2005; 19:467-91. [PMID: 15938194 DOI: 10.1080/14786410412331280041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The bryozoan species Bugula neritina contains the anticancer agent bryostatin. Bryostatin has been extracted from these sessile marine invertebrates since the late 1960s from the Gulf of California, Gulf of Mexico, as well as various locations on the eastern and western rims of the Pacific Ocean. In this work we are focusing on animals harvested in the Gulf of Mexico near Alligator Point (Florida). Using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) we measure the concentration of 70 elements in B. neritina, a sea squirt, and the sediment from the point of harvesting. This data has helped us generate an extraction process for marine natural products. Combining UV/VIS absorbance measurements with Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of Flight-Mass Spectrometer (MALDI-TOF-MS), we demonstrated that the specific form of bryostatin extracted is a function of the solvent. A 9.4T Fourier Transform-Ion Cyclotron Resonance (FT-ICR) mass spectrometer, whose sensitivity, mass accuracy, and resolving power allowed the exact empirical formulas of potential precursors of bryostatin to be identified, was employed. Finally we examine extracts of 14 marine species of the Gulf of Mexico, from the sand trout (Cynoscion arenarius) to chicken liver sponge (Chrondrilla nucula), all recently collected, which had shown some medicinal activity thirty years ago in a National Cancer Institute study. By the MALDI-TOF-MS, we were able to identify mass spectral features that correspond to different variations of the basic bryostatin structure, which raises the question if the bryozoans are the original source of bryostatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Manning
- Department of Chemistry, Valdosta State University, Valdosta, Georgia 31698, USA.
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39
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Abstract
This review covers the literature published in 2003 for marine natural products, with 619 citations (413 for the period January to December 2003) referring to compounds isolated from marine microorganisms and phytoplankton, green algae, brown algae, red algae, sponges, coelenterates, bryozoans, molluscs, tunicates and echinoderms. The emphasis is on new compounds (656 for 2003), together with their relevant biological activities, source organisms and country or origin. Biosynthetic studies or syntheses that lead to the revision of structures or stereochemistries have been included (78), including any first total syntheses of a marine natural product.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Blunt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.
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40
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Peters L, Wright AD, Krick A, König GM. Variation of brominated indoles and terpenoids within single and different colonies of the marine bryozoan Flustra foliacea. J Chem Ecol 2004; 30:1165-81. [PMID: 15303321 DOI: 10.1023/b:joec.0000030270.65594.f4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The variation of the brominated indole and diterpenoid content within single and different colonies of the bryozoan Flustra foliacea was investigated. The secondary metabolite profile and concentrations of individual components of F. foliacea samples were established using GC-MS. Samples from 17 different collecting sites were analyzed. The alkaloid and diterpene composition of F. foliacea varied greatly depending upon the site of collection. Investigation of F. foliacea samples from a single site (Helgoland, North Sea) over a period of time showed that the alkaloid and diterpenoid profile remained constant, however concentrations of individual components varied significantly. The alkaloid and diterpenoid composition of different segments of a single colony was found to be constant. Only small differences could be detected in the essential oil composition of different colonies and segments of single colonies of F. foliacea. Two of the F. foliacea alkaloids were found in the gastropods Hydrobia ulva and Gibbula cinerea, and one alkaloid in the common starfish Asteria rubens, all collected from the surface of the bryozoan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Peters
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Nussallee 6, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
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41
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Abstract
Securamine A is a structurally intriguing alkaloid possessing a pyrroloindole core joined via a modified isoprene subunit to a functionalized imidazole ring. Recent synthetic efforts in this laboratory have resulted in the efficient construction of key lactone 36, which undergoes tandem azide reduction/ring expansion to macrolactam 37. Macrolactam 37 possesses the complete macrocyclic core of securamine A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Korakas
- Sterling Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06514, USA
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42
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Sun P, Li L, Yi Y, Zhang S, Zhou D, Zhang S. [Identification of bryostatins in Bugula neritina extracts by high performance liquid chromatography and Q-Tof mass spectrometry]. Se Pu 2004; 22:144-6. [PMID: 15712873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A method with tandem high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and Q-Tof mass spectrometry (MS) has been established for the qualitative assay of bryostatins in Bugula neritina extracts. Ten bryostatins were well separated on a Polaris C18-5 column (4.6 mm i.d. x 200 mm, 5 microm) with methanol and water (80:20, v/v) as mobile phase. The bryostatins were qualitatively detected with the mass spectrometric detection. Ten bryostatins were found in the Bugula neritina collected from Gulf of Dayawan (Shenzhen, China). Mass spectra of the peaks led to the identification of nine known bryostatins that were bryostatins 4, 5, 6(9), 7, 8, 10, 16, 17, 18. Bryostatins 4, 5, 8, 10 could be further verified by the retention times of the corresponding standards. The two trace constituents, bryostatin 7 and 17, were for the first time found in Bugula neritina inhabiting in China sea. It is interesting that the result indicated the existence of a possibly new bryostatin in the mixture. The work above provides a quick and accurate assay method for the qualitative identification of the bryostatins in Bugula neritina extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Sun
- Research Center for Marine Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
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43
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Abstract
This review covers the literature published in 2002 for marine natural products, with 579 citations (413 for the period January to December 2002) referring to compounds isolated from marine microorganisms and phytoplankton, green algae, brown algae, red algae, sponges, coelenterates, bryozoans, molluscs, tunicates and echinoderms. The emphasis is on new compounds (677 for 2002), together with their relevant biological activities, source organisms and country of origin. Syntheses that lead to the revision of structures or stereochemistries have been included (114), including any first total syntheses of a marine natural product.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Blunt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.
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44
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Milanowski DJ, Gustafson KR, Kelley JA, McMahon JB. Caulibugulones A-F, novel cytotoxic isoquinoline quinones and iminoquinones from the marine bryozoan Caulibugula intermis. J Nat Prod 2004; 67:70-73. [PMID: 14738389 DOI: 10.1021/np030378l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
An extract of the marine bryozoan Caulibugula intermis, collected in the Indo-Pacific off Palau, produced a distinct pattern of differential cytotoxicity in the National Cancer Institute's 60 cell line antitumor screen. Bioactivity-directed fractionation of the extract provided six new compounds, caulibugulones A-F (1-6). The structures of these novel metabolites were determined by spectrochemical analyses including LC-MS, HRFABMS, 1-D and 2-D NMR experiments, and by comparison with related compounds. The structures of compounds 2 and 3 were confirmed by chemical interconversion. The isolated compounds exhibited IC(50)'s of 0.03-1.67 microg/mL against murine tumor cells in an in vitro cytotoxicity assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis J Milanowski
- Molecular Targets Development Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Building 1052, Room 121, Frederick, MD 21702-1201, USA
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45
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Yao B, Prinsep MR, Nicholson BK, Gordon DP. The pterocellins, novel bioactive alkaloids from the marine bryozoan Pterocella vesiculosa. J Nat Prod 2003; 66:1074-1077. [PMID: 12932127 DOI: 10.1021/np030104y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Two new alkaloids, pterocellins A and B, have been isolated from the New Zealand marine bryozoan Pterocella vesiculosa. Structural elucidation was achieved through NMR and mass spectral analysis in conjunction with a single-crystal X-ray diffraction study of pterocellin A. The pterocellins possess a novel heterocyclic skeleton and exhibit potent antitumor activity and antimicrobial activity in vitro but only modest activity in the in vivo hollow fiber assay at the National Cancer Institute.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Yao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton, New Zealand
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46
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Abstract
Hinckdentine A is an alkaloid isolated from the bryozoan Hincksinoflustra denticulate. This natural product contains a novel and unique 11b,12,13,14,15,16-hexahydroazepino[4',5':2,3]indolo[1,2-c]quinazoline ring system that has not previously been synthesized. We have synthesized 8-desbromohinckdentine A from a 2-aryl indole by first preparing the quaternary center of the natural product and then building the seven-membered lactam and dihydropyrimidine rings onto this intermediate to form the framework of hinckdentine A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahua Liu
- Medicinal Chemistry Research, Pharmacia Corporation, Kalamazoo, Michigan 49001, USA
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47
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Abstract
This review covers the literature published in 2001 for marine natural products, with 497 citations (373 for the period January to December 2001) and includes 793 compounds isolated from marine microorganisms and phytoplankton, green algae, brown algae, red algae, sponges, coelenterates, bryozoans, molluscs, tunicates and echinoderms. The emphasis is on new compounds and new stereochemical assignments (683 for 2001), together with relevant biological activities, source organisms and country of origin. Syntheses that confirm or revise structures or stereochemistries have been included (95), including any first total synthesis of a marine natural product.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Blunt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.
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48
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Abstract
The crude extract of a New Zealand marine bryozoan Cribricellina cribraria was examined and resulted in the isolation of the previously described, 6-hydroxyharman (1) and the new beta-carboline metabolite, 8-hydroxyharman (2).
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Affiliation(s)
- David T Harwood
- Department of Chemistry, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand
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49
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Affiliation(s)
- Chambers C Hughes
- Center for New Directions in Organic Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, University of California, CA 94720-1460, USA
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50
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Abstract
The brominated pyrrolo[2,3-b]indole deformylflustrabromine was isolated as a new natural product from the bryozoan Flustra foliacea, collected in the North Sea. Deformylflustrabromine appears to be the missing link in the biosynthetic sequence from flustrabromine to flustraminol A. Flustramines A, D, and dihydroflustramine C were determined as other major constituents of the investigated sample. Deformylflustrabromine is cytotoxic against the human colon cancer cell line HCT-116 (IC50 5.8 microM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Lysek
- Pharmazeutisch-chemisches Institut der Universität, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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