1
|
Rees SWP, Rees TA, van Rensburg M, Walker CS, Pilkington LI, Barker D. Investigation Into Novel Mukanadin B, Mukanadin D and Mukanadin F Derivatives as Antagonists of 5-HT 1A Signalling. ChemMedChem 2024:e202400102. [PMID: 38661010 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202400102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Marine bromopyrrole alkaloids are a diverse family of natural products with a large array of biological applications. The mukanadin family is a group of molecules consisting of seven members (mukanadin A-G) that possess a range of biological activities. Inhibition of serotonergic signaling has been demonstrated by mukanadin B derivatives, presenting this chemical scaffold as a candidate for further SAR exploration. A library of thirteen novel mukanadin B and D derivatives with structural variation targeted at the pyrrole ring, central linker and hydantoin ring, were synthesized. These analogues were subsequently assessed for serotonergic antagonism, in addition to natural products, mukanadin B, D, F and 9-hydroxy mukanadin B. A collection of compounds exhibited significant 5-HT1A signaling, including five of the novel derivatives and two of the naturally occurring bromopyrroles, mukanadin B and F. Particular SAR information could be determined from these results, such as modification of the pyrrole ring being a well-tolerated strategy for improving serotonergic inhibition. Other changes to the pharmacophore led to significant reduction in activity such as saturation of the linker region, or no conclusive improvement in inhibitory activity such as a 9-OH group or replacement of the hydantoin ring with a triazole moiety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaun W P Rees
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - Tayla A Rees
- School of Biological Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | | | - Christopher S Walker
- School of Biological Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - Lisa I Pilkington
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
- Te Pūnaha Matatini, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - David Barker
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, 6012, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang H, Wen W, Lu ZX, Wu ZL, Cai T, Guo QX. Core Structure-Oriented Asymmetric α-Allenylic Alkylation of Amino Acid Esters Enabled by Chiral Aldehyde/Palladium Catalysis. Org Lett 2024; 26:153-159. [PMID: 38133484 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Aiming at the reported chiral synthons leading to manzacidins A and D, here we report a highly efficient catalytic asymmetric α-allenylic alkylation reaction of NH2-unprotected amino acid esters that is promoted by combined chiral aldehyde/palladium catalysis. Fifty examples of unnatural α,α-disubstituted amino acid esters are reported with good-to-excellent yields and stereoselectivities. Based on this methodology, a key intermediate leading to manzacidin C and its other three stereoisomers is prepared accordingly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Wei Wen
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Ze-Xi Lu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Zhu-Lian Wu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Tian Cai
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Qi-Xiang Guo
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Xu L, Wang P, Yuan S, Yu L, Zhao J, Li G, Zhang G, Luo L. Axinellamine E, One New Pyrrololactam Alkaloid from the South China Sea Sponge Axinella sp. Chem Biodivers 2022; 19:e202200311. [PMID: 35674487 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202200311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Chemical investigation of the EtOH extract of the sponge Axinella sp. collected from the South China Sea resulted in the identification of one new pyrrololactam alkaloid, axinellamine E (2), along with four known analogs (1, 3-5). Compound 1 was initially separated as enantiomers and was further separated to be optically pure compounds (1 a and 1 b) by a chiral column. The planar structure of compound 2 was determined mainly by 1D-, 2D-NMR, and HR-ESI-MS data analyses. Absolute configurations of 1 a and 1 b was defined by calculated ECD spectra method. All of the compounds were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory activities against nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW 264.7 cells among which compound 1 showed weak activity at 40 μg/mL. Plausible biosynthetic pathways corresponding to aldisine analogs of 1, 2, 4, and 5 were also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Xu
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Medicinal Natural Product Resources, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, 361023, P. R. China.,Engineering Research Center of Marine Biopharmaceutical Resource, Fujian Province University, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, 361023, P. R. China
| | - Panpan Wang
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Medicinal Natural Product Resources, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, 361023, P. R. China.,Engineering Research Center of Marine Biopharmaceutical Resource, Fujian Province University, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, 361023, P. R. China
| | - Shijie Yuan
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Medicinal Natural Product Resources, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, 361023, P. R. China.,Engineering Research Center of Marine Biopharmaceutical Resource, Fujian Province University, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, 361023, P. R. China
| | - Liangzhou Yu
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Medicinal Natural Product Resources, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, 361023, P. R. China.,Engineering Research Center of Marine Biopharmaceutical Resource, Fujian Province University, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, 361023, P. R. China
| | - Jianping Zhao
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Guoqiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, P. R. China
| | - Gang Zhang
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Medicinal Natural Product Resources, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, 361023, P. R. China.,Engineering Research Center of Marine Biopharmaceutical Resource, Fujian Province University, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, 361023, P. R. China
| | - Lianzhong Luo
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Medicinal Natural Product Resources, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, 361023, P. R. China.,Engineering Research Center of Marine Biopharmaceutical Resource, Fujian Province University, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, 361023, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abstract
This review deals with the synthesis of naturally occurring alkaloids containing partially or completely saturated pyrimidine nuclei. The interest in these compounds is associated with their structural diversity, high biological activity and toxicity. The review is divided into four parts, each of which describes a number of synthetic methodologies toward structurally different naturally occurring alkaloids containing saturated cyclic six-membered amidine, guanidine, aminal and urea (thiourea) moieties, respectively. The development of various synthetic strategies for the preparation of these compounds has remarkably increased during the past few decades. This is primarily due to the fact that some of these compounds are isolated only in limited quantities, which makes it practically impossible to study their full structural characteristics and biological activity.
Collapse
|
5
|
Di Cesare Mannelli L, Palma Esposito F, Sangiovanni E, Pagano E, Mannucci C, Polini B, Ghelardini C, Dell’Agli M, Izzo AA, Calapai G, de Pascale D, Nieri P. Pharmacological Activities of Extracts and Compounds Isolated from Mediterranean Sponge Sources. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14121329. [PMID: 34959729 PMCID: PMC8715745 DOI: 10.3390/ph14121329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine pharmacology is an exciting and growing discipline that blends blue biotechnology and natural compound pharmacology together. Several sea-derived compounds that are approved on the pharmaceutical market were discovered in sponges, marine organisms that are particularly rich in bioactive metabolites. This paper was specifically aimed at reviewing the pharmacological activities of extracts or purified compounds from marine sponges that were collected in the Mediterranean Sea, one of the most biodiverse marine habitats, filling the gap in the literature about the research of natural products from this geographical area. Findings regarding different Mediterranean sponge species were individuated, reporting consistent evidence of efficacy mainly against cancer, infections, inflammatory, and neurological disorders. The sustainable exploitation of Mediterranean sponges as pharmaceutical sources is strongly encouraged to discover new compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Di Cesare Mannelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health—Neurofarba—Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy;
- Correspondence:
| | - Fortunato Palma Esposito
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, 80121 Naples, Italy; (F.P.E.); (D.d.P.)
| | - Enrico Sangiovanni
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; (E.S.); (M.D.)
| | - Ester Pagano
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (E.P.); (A.A.I.)
| | - Carmen Mannucci
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphological and Functional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (C.M.); (G.C.)
| | - Beatrice Polini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (B.P.); (P.N.)
| | - Carla Ghelardini
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health—Neurofarba—Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy;
| | - Mario Dell’Agli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; (E.S.); (M.D.)
| | - Angelo Antonio Izzo
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (E.P.); (A.A.I.)
| | - Gioacchino Calapai
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphological and Functional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (C.M.); (G.C.)
| | - Donatella de Pascale
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, 80121 Naples, Italy; (F.P.E.); (D.d.P.)
| | - Paola Nieri
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (B.P.); (P.N.)
- Interdepartmental Center of Marine Pharmacology (MarinePHARMA), University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Seipp K, Geske L, Opatz T. Marine Pyrrole Alkaloids. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:514. [PMID: 34564176 PMCID: PMC8471394 DOI: 10.3390/md19090514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen heterocycles are essential parts of the chemical machinery of life and often reveal intriguing structures. They are not only widespread in terrestrial habitats but can also frequently be found as natural products in the marine environment. This review highlights the important class of marine pyrrole alkaloids, well-known for their diverse biological activities. A broad overview of the marine pyrrole alkaloids with a focus on their isolation, biological activities, chemical synthesis, and derivatization covering the decade from 2010 to 2020 is provided. With relevant structural subclasses categorized, this review shall provide a clear and timely synopsis of this area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Till Opatz
- Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry Section, Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 10–14, 55128 Mainz, Germany; (K.S.); (L.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kovalerchik D, Singh RP, Schlesinger P, Mahajni A, Shefer S, Fridman M, Ilan M, Carmeli S. Bromopyrrole Alkaloids of the Sponge Agelas oroides Collected Near the Israeli Mediterranean Coastline. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2020; 83:374-384. [PMID: 32072810 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.9b00863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Chemical investigation of the Mediterranean Sea sponge, Agelas oroides, collected off the Tel Aviv coast, yielded eight new bromopyrrole metabolites, agesamine C (1), dioroidamide A (2), slagenin D (3), (-)-monobromoagelaspongin (4), (-)-11-deoxymonobromoagelaspongin (5), (-)-11-O-methylmonobromoagelaspongin (6), E-dispacamide (7), and pyrrolosine (8), along with 18 known bromopyrrole alkaloids and a known bromotyrosine derivative. The structures of the new metabolites were elucidated by analysis of the spectroscopic and spectrometric data, including 1D and 2D NMR, ECD, and high-resolution mass spectrometry. The sponge extract exhibited antimicrobial activity against pathogenic and environmental bacteria, and quorum sensing inhibitory activity (QSI) against Chromobacterium violaceum. QSI guided separation of the extract established oroidin, benzosceptrin C, and 4,5-dibromopyrrole-2-carboxamide as the active components. The latter compounds were tested for inhibition of growth and biofilm formation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1. The most active and available compound, oroidin, was assayed for inhibition of growth and biofilm formation in bacteria that were isolated from the sponge and its environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dimitry Kovalerchik
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler School of Chemistry and Faculty of Exact Sciences , Tel Aviv University , Ramat-Aviv 69978 , Israel
| | - Ravindra Pal Singh
- School of Zoology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences , Tel Aviv University , Ramat Aviv 69978 , Israel
| | - Pnina Schlesinger
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler School of Chemistry and Faculty of Exact Sciences , Tel Aviv University , Ramat-Aviv 69978 , Israel
| | - Aseel Mahajni
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler School of Chemistry and Faculty of Exact Sciences , Tel Aviv University , Ramat-Aviv 69978 , Israel
| | - Sigal Shefer
- School of Zoology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences , Tel Aviv University , Ramat Aviv 69978 , Israel
- The Steinhardt Museum of Natural History , Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv 6997801 , Israel
| | - Micha Fridman
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler School of Chemistry and Faculty of Exact Sciences , Tel Aviv University , Ramat-Aviv 69978 , Israel
| | - Micha Ilan
- School of Zoology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences , Tel Aviv University , Ramat Aviv 69978 , Israel
| | - Shmuel Carmeli
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler School of Chemistry and Faculty of Exact Sciences , Tel Aviv University , Ramat-Aviv 69978 , Israel
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhu G, Ma L, Zhang K, Zhou Z, Song H, Yi W. Cascade Reductive Rearrangement for the Stereoselective Synthesis of Multifunctional Piperidinones: A Combined Experimental and Computational Study. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201904106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guoxun Zhu
- School of Chemical Engineering and TechnologySun Yat-sen University 135 Xin Gang West Road Guangzhou 510275 P.R. China
| | - Lei Ma
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology & the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory DiseaseSchool of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou, Guangdong 511436 P. R. China
| | - Kaixin Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and TechnologySun Yat-sen University 135 Xin Gang West Road Guangzhou 510275 P.R. China
| | - Zhi Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology & the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory DiseaseSchool of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou, Guangdong 511436 P. R. China
| | - Huacan Song
- School of Chemical Engineering and TechnologySun Yat-sen University 135 Xin Gang West Road Guangzhou 510275 P.R. China
| | - Wei Yi
- School of Chemical Engineering and TechnologySun Yat-sen University 135 Xin Gang West Road Guangzhou 510275 P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology & the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory DiseaseSchool of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou, Guangdong 511436 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
van Rensburg M, Copp BR, Barker D. Synthesis and Absolute Stereochemical Reassignment of Mukanadin F: A Study of Isomerization of Bromopyrrole Alkaloids with Implications on Marine Natural Product Isolation. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201800422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle van Rensburg
- School of Chemical Sciences; University of Auckland; Private Bag 92019 1142 Auckland New Zealand
| | - Brent R. Copp
- School of Chemical Sciences; University of Auckland; Private Bag 92019 1142 Auckland New Zealand
| | - David Barker
- School of Chemical Sciences; University of Auckland; Private Bag 92019 1142 Auckland New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ramaraju P, Mir NA, Singh D, Sharma P, Kant R, Kumar I. An Unprecedented Pseudo-[3+2] Annulation between N
-(4-Methoxyphenyl)aldimines and Aqueous Glutaraldehyde: Direct Synthesis of Pyrrole-2,4-dialdehydes. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201700500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Panduga Ramaraju
- Department of Chemistry; Birla Institute of Technology and Science; 333031 Pilani Rajasthan India
| | - Nisar A. Mir
- Department of Chemistry; Birla Institute of Technology and Science; 333031 Pilani Rajasthan India
| | - Deepika Singh
- Instrumentation Division; IIIM-CSIR Lab; 180001 Jammu India
| | - Preetika Sharma
- X-ray Crystallography Laboratory; Post-Graduate Department of Physics & Electronics; University of Jammu; 180006 Jammu India
| | - Rajni Kant
- X-ray Crystallography Laboratory; Post-Graduate Department of Physics & Electronics; University of Jammu; 180006 Jammu India
| | - Indresh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry; Birla Institute of Technology and Science; 333031 Pilani Rajasthan India
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Xu WG, Xu JJ, Wang J, Xing GS, Qiao W, Duan HQ, Zhao C, Tang SA. Axinellin A and B: Two New Pyrrolactam Alkaloids from Axinella sp. Chem Nat Compd 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10600-017-1980-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
12
|
The Role of Natural Products in Drug Discovery and Development against Neglected Tropical Diseases. Molecules 2016; 22:molecules22010058. [PMID: 28042865 PMCID: PMC6155950 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22010058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Endemic in 149 tropical and subtropical countries, neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) affect more than 1 billion people annually, including 875 million children in developing economies. These diseases are also responsible for over 500,000 deaths per year and are characterized by long-term disability and severe pain. The impact of the combined NTDs closely rivals that of malaria and tuberculosis. Current treatment options are associated with various limitations including widespread drug resistance, severe adverse effects, lengthy treatment duration, unfavorable toxicity profiles, and complicated drug administration procedures. Natural products have been a valuable source of drug regimens that form the cornerstone of modern pharmaceutical care. In this review, we highlight the potential that remains untapped in natural products as drug leads for NTDs. We cover natural products from plant, marine, and microbial sources including natural-product-inspired semi-synthetic derivatives which have been evaluated against the various causative agents of NTDs. Our coverage is limited to four major NTDs which include human African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness), leishmaniasis, schistosomiasis and lymphatic filariasis.
Collapse
|
13
|
Gentile E, Liuzzi GM. Marine pharmacology: therapeutic targeting of matrix metalloproteinases in neuroinflammation. Drug Discov Today 2016; 22:299-313. [PMID: 27697495 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2016.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Alterations in matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) expression and activity are recognized as key pathogenetic events in several neurological disorders. This evidence makes MMPs possible therapeutic targets. The search for substances that can inhibit MMPs is moving progressively toward the screening of natural products. In particular, marine bioprospecting could be promising for the discovery of marine natural products with anti-MMP activities. Despite recent advances in this field, the possibility of using marine MMP inhibitors (MMPIs) for the treatment of neuroinflammation is still under-investigated. Here, we review the latest findings in this promising research field and the potential that marine MMPIs can have in the management and treatment of various neurological diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Gentile
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Grazia M Liuzzi
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Antimicrobial activities of secondary metabolites and phylogenetic study of sponge endosymbiotic bacteria, Bacillus sp. at Agatti Island, Lakshadweep Archipelago. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 11:44-52. [PMID: 28352539 PMCID: PMC5042297 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Twenty-one species of sponges were recorded under the class of Demospongiae and Calcareous sponges of which 19 species were new to Agatti reef. A total of 113 Sponge endosymbiotic bacterial strains were isolated from twenty-one species of sponges and screened for antimicrobial activity. Five bacterial strains of sponge endosymbiotic bacteria (SEB) namely SEB32, SEB33, SEB36, SEB43 and SEB51 showed antimicrobial activity against virulent marine fish pathogens such as Vibrio alginolyticus, Vibrio vulnificus, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Aeromonas salmonicida, Flavobacterium sp., Edwardsiella sp., Proteus mirabilis and Citrobacter brackii. The secondary metabolites produced by SEB32 from sponge Dysidea fragilis (Montagu, 1818) [48] was selected with broad range of antibacterial activity and subjected for production, characterization by series of chromatography techniques and spectroscopic methods. Based on the results of FT-IR and mass spectrometry, the active molecule was tentatively predicted as "Pyrrol" and the structure is Pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine-1,4-dione, hexahydro- with molecular formula of C7H10N2O2. The LC50 of active molecule was 31 μg/ml and molecular weight of the metabolites was 154. The potential strain SEB32 was identified by gene sequence (GenBank Accession number JX985748) and identified as Bacillus sp. from GenBank database.
Collapse
|
15
|
Bretzke S, Scheeff S, Vollmeyer F, Eberhagen F, Rominger F, Menche D. Modular synthesis of the pyrimidine core of the manzacidins by divergent Tsuji-Trost coupling. Beilstein J Org Chem 2016; 12:1111-21. [PMID: 27340499 PMCID: PMC4902044 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.12.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The design, development and application of an efficient procedure for the concise synthesis of the 1,3-syn- and anti-tetrahydropyrimidine cores of manzacidins are reported. The intramolecular allylic substitution reaction of a readily available joint urea-type substrate enables the facile preparation of both diastereomers in high yields. The practical application of this approach is demonstrated in the efficient and modular preparation of the authentic heterocyclic cores of manzacidins, structurally unique bromopyrrole alkaloids of marine origin. Additional features of this route include the stereoselective generation of the central amine core with an appending quaternary center by an asymmetric addition of a Grignard reagent to a chiral tert-butanesulfinyl ketimine following an optimized Ellman protocol and a cross-metathesis of a challenging homoallylic urea substrate, which proceeds in good yields in the presence of an organic phosphoric acid.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Bretzke
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Ruprecht-Karls Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stephan Scheeff
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Felicitas Vollmeyer
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Friederike Eberhagen
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Ruprecht-Karls Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dirk Menche
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Beniddir MA, Evanno L, Joseph D, Skiredj A, Poupon E. Emergence of diversity and stereochemical outcomes in the biosynthetic pathways of cyclobutane-centered marine alkaloid dimers. Nat Prod Rep 2016; 33:820-42. [DOI: 10.1039/c5np00159e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A deep-sea dive into the ecology and chemistry of surprising cyclobutanes from marine invertebrates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Laurent Evanno
- BioCIS
- Univ. Paris-Sud
- CNRS
- Université Paris-Saclay
- Châtenay-Malabry
| | - Delphine Joseph
- BioCIS
- Univ. Paris-Sud
- CNRS
- Université Paris-Saclay
- Châtenay-Malabry
| | - Adam Skiredj
- BioCIS
- Univ. Paris-Sud
- CNRS
- Université Paris-Saclay
- Châtenay-Malabry
| | - Erwan Poupon
- BioCIS
- Univ. Paris-Sud
- CNRS
- Université Paris-Saclay
- Châtenay-Malabry
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Cychon C, Lichte E, Köck M. The marine sponge Agelas citrina as a source of the new pyrrole-imidazole alkaloids citrinamines A-D and N-methylagelongine. Beilstein J Org Chem 2015; 11:2029-37. [PMID: 26664624 PMCID: PMC4660978 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.11.220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemical investigation of the Caribbean sponge Agelas citrina revealed four new pyrrole-imidazole alkaloids (PIAs), the citrinamines A-D (1-4) and the bromopyrrole alkaloid N-methylagelongine (5). All citrinamines are dimers of hymenidin (6) which was also isolated from this sponge as the major metabolite. Citrinamines A (1) and B (2) are derivatives of the PIA dimer mauritiamine (7), whereas citrinamine C (3) is derived from the PIA dimer nagelamide B (8). Citrinamine D (4) shows an uncommon linkage between the imidazole rings of both monomeric units as it is only observed in the benzocyclobutane ring moiety of benzosceptrins A-C (9-11). Compound 5 is the N-methyl derivative of agelongine (12) which consist of a pyridinium ring and an ester linkage instead of the aminoimidazole moiety and the common amide bond in PIAs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christine Cychon
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Ellen Lichte
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Matthias Köck
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Li Q, Hou CJ, Hui YZ, Liu YJ, Yang RF, Hu XP. Tridentate P,N,N-ligand promoted copper-catalyzed [3 + 2] cycloaddition of propargylic esters with β-enamino esters: synthesis of highly functionalized pyrroles. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra19304d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
By employment of a newly developed tridentate P,N,N-ligand, a copper-catalyzed [3 + 2] cycloaddition of propargylic esters with β-enamino esters for the construction of highly functionalized pyrroles has been developed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Li
- School of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering
- Dalian Polytechnic University
- Dalian 116034
- China
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
| | - Chuan-Jin Hou
- School of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering
- Dalian Polytechnic University
- Dalian 116034
- China
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
| | - Yun-Ze Hui
- Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment
- University of Newcastle
- Callaghan
- Australia
| | - Yan-Jun Liu
- School of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering
- Dalian Polytechnic University
- Dalian 116034
- China
| | - Rui-Feng Yang
- School of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering
- Dalian Polytechnic University
- Dalian 116034
- China
| | - Xiang-Ping Hu
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Dalian 116023
- China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Kobayashi J, Nakamura K, Kusama T, Tanaka N, Sakai K, Gonoi T, Fromont J. 2-Debromonagelamide U, 2-Debromomukanadin G, and 2-Debromonagelamide P from Marine Sponge Agelas sp. HETEROCYCLES 2015. [DOI: 10.3987/com-14-s(k)38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
20
|
Rane RA, Naphade SS, Bangalore PK, Palkar MB, Patel HM, Shaikh MS, Alwan WS, Karpoormath R. Synthesis of Novel Hybrids Inspired from Bromopyrrole Alkaloids Inhibiting MMP-2 and -12 as Antineoplastic Agents. Chem Biol Drug Des 2014; 86:210-22. [DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Revised: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 11/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh A. Rane
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences; College of Health Sciences; University of KwaZulu-Natal; Durban 4001 South Africa
| | | | - Pavan Kumar Bangalore
- S. P. P. School of Pharmacy and Technology Management; NMIMS University; Vile Parle, Mumbai India
| | - Mahesh B. Palkar
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences; College of Health Sciences; University of KwaZulu-Natal; Durban 4001 South Africa
| | - Harun M. Patel
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences; College of Health Sciences; University of KwaZulu-Natal; Durban 4001 South Africa
| | - Mahamadhanif S. Shaikh
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences; College of Health Sciences; University of KwaZulu-Natal; Durban 4001 South Africa
| | - Wesam S. Alwan
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences; College of Health Sciences; University of KwaZulu-Natal; Durban 4001 South Africa
| | - Rajshekhar Karpoormath
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences; College of Health Sciences; University of KwaZulu-Natal; Durban 4001 South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Bisio A, Fedele E, Pittaluga A, Olivero G, Grilli M, Chen J, Mele G, Malafronte N, Tommasi ND, Ledda F, Manconi R, Pronzato R, Marchi M. Isolation of Hydroxyoctaprenyl-1′,4′-hydroquinone, a new Octaprenylhydroquinone from the Marine Sponge Sarcotragus spinosulus and Evaluation of its Pharmacological Activity on Acetylcholine and Glutamate Release in the Rat Central Nervous System. Nat Prod Commun 2014. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1400901113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Three polyprenyl-1′,4′-hydroquinone derivatives, heptaprenyl-1′,4′-hydroquinone (1), octaprenyl-1′,4′-hydroquinone (2), and hydroxyoctaprenyl-1′,4′-hydroquinone (3) were isolated from the marine sponge Sarcotragus spinosulus collected at Baia di Porto Conte, Alghero (Italy). Our findings indicate that the compounds isolated from S. spinosulus can significantly modulate the release of glutamate and acetylcholine in the rat hippocampus and cortex and might, therefore, represent the prototype of a new class of drugs regulating glutamatergic and cholinergic transmission in the mammalian central nervous system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angela Bisio
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genova, Via Brigata Salerno, 16147 Genoa, Italy
| | - Ernesto Fedele
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genova, Via Brigata Salerno, 16147 Genoa, Italy
| | - Anna Pittaluga
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genova, Via Brigata Salerno, 16147 Genoa, Italy
| | - Guendalina Olivero
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genova, Via Brigata Salerno, 16147 Genoa, Italy
| | - Massimo Grilli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genova, Via Brigata Salerno, 16147 Genoa, Italy
| | - Jiayang Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genova, Via Brigata Salerno, 16147 Genoa, Italy
| | - Giacomo Mele
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genova, Via Brigata Salerno, 16147 Genoa, Italy
| | - Nicola Malafronte
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Salerno, Via Ponte Don Melillo, 84084 Salerno, Italy
| | - Nunziatina De Tommasi
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Salerno, Via Ponte Don Melillo, 84084 Salerno, Italy
| | - Fabio Ledda
- Centre for Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Via delle Regole 101, 38123 Mattarello (Trento), Italy
| | - Renata Manconi
- Department of Sciences of Earth, Environment and Life, University of Genoa, Corso Europa, 26, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Roberto Pronzato
- Department of Sciences of Earth, Environment and Life, University of Genoa, Corso Europa, 26, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Mario Marchi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genova, Via Brigata Salerno, 16147 Genoa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Grosso C, Valentão P, Ferreres F, Andrade PB. Bioactive marine drugs and marine biomaterials for brain diseases. Mar Drugs 2014; 12:2539-89. [PMID: 24798925 PMCID: PMC4052305 DOI: 10.3390/md12052539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Revised: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine invertebrates produce a plethora of bioactive compounds, which serve as inspiration for marine biotechnology, particularly in drug discovery programs and biomaterials development. This review aims to summarize the potential of drugs derived from marine invertebrates in the field of neuroscience. Therefore, some examples of neuroprotective drugs and neurotoxins will be discussed. Their role in neuroscience research and development of new therapies targeting the central nervous system will be addressed, with particular focus on neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. In addition, the neuronal growth promoted by marine drugs, as well as the recent advances in neural tissue engineering, will be highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clara Grosso
- REQUIMTE/Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, no. 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Patrícia Valentão
- REQUIMTE/Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, no. 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Federico Ferreres
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS (CSIC), P.O. Box 164, Campus University Espinardo, Murcia 30100, Spain.
| | - Paula B Andrade
- REQUIMTE/Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, no. 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
|
24
|
Lu GP, Cai C. An odorless, one-pot synthesis of nitroaryl thioethers via SNAr reactions through the in situ generation of S-alkylisothiouronium salts. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra11490f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of nitroaryl thioethers using thiourea as the sulfur source in water by an odorless one-pot process was disclosed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guo-ping Lu
- Chemical Engineering College
- Nanjing University of Science & Technology
- Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Chun Cai
- Chemical Engineering College
- Nanjing University of Science & Technology
- Nanjing, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Haber M, Ilan M. Diversity and antibacterial activity of bacteria cultured from Mediterranean Axinella
spp. sponges. J Appl Microbiol 2013; 116:519-32. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.12401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Revised: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Haber
- Department of Zoology; George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences; Tel Aviv University; Tel Aviv Israel
| | - M. Ilan
- Department of Zoology; George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences; Tel Aviv University; Tel Aviv Israel
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Jones AJ, Grkovic T, Sykes ML, Avery VM. Trypanocidal activity of marine natural products. Mar Drugs 2013; 11:4058-82. [PMID: 24152565 PMCID: PMC3826150 DOI: 10.3390/md11104058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Revised: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine natural products are a diverse, unique collection of compounds with immense therapeutic potential. This has resulted in these molecules being evaluated for a number of different disease indications including the neglected protozoan diseases, human African trypanosomiasis and Chagas disease, for which very few drugs are currently available. This article will review the marine natural products for which activity against the kinetoplastid parasites; Trypanosoma brucei brucei, T.b. rhodesiense and T. cruzi has been reported. As it is important to know the selectivity of a compound when evaluating its trypanocidal activity, this article will only cover molecules which have simultaneously been tested for cytotoxicity against a mammalian cell line. Compounds have been grouped according to their chemical structure and representative examples from each class were selected for detailed discussion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy J Jones
- Eskitis Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane 4111, Australia.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Chang CW, Wu CC, Chang YY, Lin CC, Chien TC. Synthesis and Unexpected Oxidization of the Tricyclic Core of Ugibohlin, Isophakellin, and Styloguanidine. J Org Chem 2013; 78:10459-68. [DOI: 10.1021/jo401911a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Wei Chang
- Department
of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Cheng Wu
- Department
of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Yu Chang
- Department
of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chi Lin
- Department
of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
| | - Tun-Cheng Chien
- Department
of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Thies N, Gerlach M, Haak E. Ruthenium-Catalyzed Synthesis of Highly Substituted Pyrroles from 1-Vinylpropargyl Alcohols and Amines. European J Org Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201300803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
|
29
|
Further investigation of the Mediterranean sponge Axinella polypoides: isolation of a new cyclonucleoside and a new betaine. Mar Drugs 2012. [PMID: 23203274 PMCID: PMC3509532 DOI: 10.3390/md10112509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
An exhaustive exploration into the metabolic content of the Mediterranean sponge Axinella-polypoides resulted in the isolation of the new betaine 5 and the new cyclonucleoside 8. The structures of the new metabolites were elucidated by spectroscopic methods assisted by computational methods. The analysis also provided evidence that the sponge does not elaborate pyrrole-imidazole alkaloids (PIAs) but, interestingly, it was shown to contain two already known cyclodipeptides, compounds 9 (verpacamide A) and 10.
Collapse
|
30
|
Narayan R, Daniliuc CG, Würthwein EU. Preparation of NH-Pyrroles under Superelectrophilic Conditions by an Aza-Nazarov Reaction Cascade with Indole as Neutral Leaving Group: Experiment and Theory. European J Org Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201200913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
31
|
Cárdenas RAV, Leal BOQ, Reddy A, Bandyopadhyay D, Banik BK. Microwave-assisted polystyrene sulfonate-catalyzed synthesis of novel pyrroles. Org Med Chem Lett 2012; 2:24. [PMID: 22726766 PMCID: PMC3534635 DOI: 10.1186/2191-2858-2-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2012] [Accepted: 04/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pyrroles are widely distributed in nature and important biologically active molecules. The reaction of amines with 2,5-dimethoxytetrahydrofuran is a promising pathway for the synthesis of pharmacologically active pyrroles under microwave irradiation. Results Microwave-induced polystyrenesulfonate-catalyzed synthesis of pyrroles from amines and 2,5-diemthoxytetrahydrofuran has been accomplished with excellent yield. This method produces pyrroles with polyaromatic amines. Conclusion The present procedure for the synthesis of N-aromatic substituted pyrroles will find useful application in the area of pharmacologically active molecules.
Collapse
|
32
|
Yang F, Hamann MT, Zou Y, Zhang MY, Gong XB, Xiao JR, Chen WS, Lin HW. Antimicrobial metabolites from the Paracel Islands sponge Agelas mauritiana. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2012; 75:774-8. [PMID: 22360686 PMCID: PMC4883697 DOI: 10.1021/np2009016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Four new alkaloids, (-)-8'-oxo-agelasine D (2), ageloxime B (3), (+)-2-oxo-agelasidine C (4), and 4-bromo-N-(butoxymethyl)-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxamide (5), and the known compound (-)-ageloxime D (1) were isolated from the marine sponge Agelas mauritiana. Their chemical structures were established on the basis of spectroscopic analysis. Compounds 1 and 3 both showed antifungal activity against Cryptococcus neoformans and antileishmanial activity against Leishmania donovani in vitro. Compound 3 also exhibited antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant S. aureusin vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, P. R. China
- Department of Pharmacognosy and National Center for Natural Products Research (NCNPR), School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Mark T. Hamann
- Department of Pharmacognosy and National Center for Natural Products Research (NCNPR), School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Yike Zou
- Department of Pharmacognosy and National Center for Natural Products Research (NCNPR), School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Ming-Yu Zhang
- Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Bin Gong
- Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Ru Xiao
- Department of Bone Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P. R. China
| | - Wan-Sheng Chen
- Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, P. R. China
| | - Hou-Wen Lin
- Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Narayan R, Fröhlich R, Würthwein EU. Synthesis of Pyrroles through a 4π-Electrocyclic Ring-Closure Reaction of 1-Azapentadienyl Cations. J Org Chem 2012; 77:1868-79. [DOI: 10.1021/jo202477h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rishikesh Narayan
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstrasse
40, D-48149 Münster, Germany
- Graduate School of Chemistry, University of Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Str. 10,
D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Roland Fröhlich
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstrasse
40, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Ernst-Ulrich Würthwein
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstrasse
40, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Abstract
Marine sponges continue to attract wide attention from marine natural product chemists and pharmacologists alike due to their remarkable diversity of bioactive compounds. Since the early days of marine natural products research in the 1960s, sponges have notoriously yielded the largest number of new metabolites reported per year compared to any other plant or animal phylum known from the marine environment. This not only reflects the remarkable productivity of sponges with regard to biosynthesis and accumulation of structurally diverse compounds but also highlights the continued interest of marine natural product researchers in this fascinating group of marine invertebrates. Among the numerous classes of natural products reported from marine sponges over the years, alkaloids, peptides, and terpenoids have attracted particularly wide attention due to their unprecedented structural features as well as their pronounced pharmacological activities which make several of these metabolites interesting candidates for drug discovery. This chapter consequently highlights several important groups of sponge-derived alkaloids, peptides, and terpenoids and describes their biological and/or pharmacological properties.
Collapse
|
35
|
Abstract
Once considered to be isolation artifacts or chemical "mistakes" of nature, the number of naturally occurring organohalogen compounds has grown from a dozen in 1954 to >5000 today. Of these, at least 25% are halogenated alkaloids. This is not surprising since nitrogen-containing pyrroles, indoles, carbolines, tryptamines, tyrosines, and tyramines are excellent platforms for biohalogenation, particularly in the marine environment where both chloride and bromide are plentiful for biooxidation and subsequent incorporation into these electron-rich substrates. This review presents the occurrence of all halogenated alkaloids, with the exception of marine bromotyrosines where coverage begins where it left off in volume 61 of The Alkaloids. Whereas the biological activity of these extraordinary compounds is briefly cited for some examples, a future volume of The Alkaloids will present full coverage of this topic and will also include selected syntheses of halogenated alkaloids. Natural organohalogens of all types, especially marine and terrestrial halogenated alkaloids, comprise a rapidly expanding class of natural products, in many cases expressing powerful biological activity. This enormous proliferation has several origins: (1) a revitalization of natural product research in a search for new drugs, (2) improved compound characterization methods (multidimensional NMR, high-resolution mass spectrometry), (3) specific enzyme-based and other biological assays, (4) sophisticated collection methods (SCUBA and remote submersibles for deep ocean marine collections), (5) new separation and purification techniques (HPLC and countercurrent separation), (6) a greater appreciation of traditional folk medicine and ethobotany, and (7) marine bacteria and fungi as novel sources of natural products. Halogenated alkaloids are truly omnipresent in the environment. Indeed, one compound, Q1 (234), is ubiquitous in the marine food web and is found in the Inuit from their diet of whale blubber. Given the fact that of the 500,000 estimated marine organisms--which are the source of most halogenated alkaloids--only a small percentage have been investigated for their chemical content, it is certain that myriad new halogenated alkaloids are awaiting discovery. For example, it is estimated that nearly 4000 species of bryozoans have not been examined for their chemical content. The few species that have been studied contain some extraordinary halogenated alkaloids, such as hinckdentine A (610) and the chartellines (611-613). Of the estimated 1.5 million species of fungi, secondary metabolites have been characterized from only 5000 species. The future seems bright for the collector of halogenated alkaloids!
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gordon W Gribble
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Zhang H, Conte MM, Huang XC, Khalil Z, Capon RJ. A search for BACE inhibitors reveals new biosynthetically related pyrrolidones, furanones and pyrroles from a southern Australian marine sponge, Ianthella sp. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:2656-63. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ob06747a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
37
|
Efficacy of albendazole combined with a marine fungal extract (m2-9) against Angiostrongylus cantonensis-induced meningitis in mice. J Helminthol 2011; 86:410-7. [PMID: 22050968 DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x11000630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of angiostrongyliasis, resulting from Angiostrongylus cantonensis invasion of the human central nervous system, remains elusive. Anthelmintics are usually used to kill worms, although dead worms in the brain may cause severe inflammation which will lead to central nervous system damage. Therefore, combination therapy with anthelmintics and anti-inflammatory drugs in the treatment of human angiostrongyliasis needs further study. To evaluate the efficacy of albendazole combined with a marine fungal extract (m2-9) in A. cantonensis infection, BALB/c mice infected by the third-stage larvae of A. cantonensis were divided into three groups: mice treated with albendazole or m2-9 alone or in combination from day 5 post-inoculation (PI). Several efficacy parameters were recorded, including weight change, worm recovery, neurological function, behavioural analysis, eosinophil and leucocyte counts. The results showed that combination therapy increased body weight, reduced worm burden, improved learning ability, memory and action, decreased neurological dysfunction and leucocyte response in these mice. The combination of albendazole and m2-9 treatment significantly decreased leucocyte response and increased the frequency of rearing, compared to infected mice treated with either drug alone. Therefore, m2-9 is a natural product with potentially significant therapeutic value for angiostrongyliasis and is worthy of further study.
Collapse
|
38
|
Xie J, Tian J, Su L, Huang M, Zhu X, Ye F, Wan Y. Pyrrolo[2,3-c]azepine derivatives: A new class of potent protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:4306-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.05.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2011] [Revised: 05/02/2011] [Accepted: 05/17/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
39
|
Cytotoxic Activity of Crude Extracts as well as of Pure Components from Jatropha Species, Plants Used Extensively in African Traditional Medicine. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2011; 2011:134954. [PMID: 21754941 PMCID: PMC3132461 DOI: 10.1155/2011/134954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2010] [Revised: 02/10/2011] [Accepted: 03/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Extracts from Jatropha curcas, a plant used in African traditional medicine for various diseases, were tested for cytotoxic activity. The root extracts strongly reduced cell growth of tumor cells in vitro, a result consistent with the knowledge of the application of these plant extracts in traditional medicine, especially to cure/ameliorate cancer. A selection of pure diterpenoids existing in extracts from Jatropha species and isolated from J. curcas, for example, curcusone C, curcusone D, multidione, 15-epi-4Z-jatrogrossidentadion, 4Z-jatrogrossidentadion, 4E-jatrogrossidentadion, 2-hydroxyisojatrogrossidion, and 2-epi-hydroxyisojatrogrossidion, were likewise tested, and they also showed strong cytotoxic activity. It turned out that these extracts are highly active against L5178y mouse lymphoma cells and HeLa human cervix carcinoma cells, while they cause none or only very low activity against neuronal cell, for example, PC12. These data underscore that extracts from J. curcas or pure secondary metabolites from the plant are promising candidates to be anticancer drug, combined with low neuroactive effects.
Collapse
|
40
|
Feldman KS, Nuriye AY, Li J. Extending Pummerer reaction chemistry: studies in the palau'amine synthesis area. J Org Chem 2011; 76:5042-60. [PMID: 21574600 DOI: 10.1021/jo200740b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Exploratory oxidative cyclization studies on cyclopentanelated and cyclohexenelated oroidin derivatives utilized Pummerer chemistry to generate pentacyclic structures related to the palau'amine family of sponge metabolites. Stereochemical issues were paramount, and appropriate choice of annelated ring size led to formation of the pentacyclic framework with complete diastereoselectivity for all of the core bonds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ken S Feldman
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Kim JH, Lee SB, Lee WK, Yoon DH, Ha HJ. Synthesis of 1,2,5- and 1,2,3,5-substituted pyrroles from substituted aziridines via Ag(I)-catalyzed intramolecular cyclization. Tetrahedron 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2011.02.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
42
|
Zeng J, Bai Y, Cai S, Ma J, Liu XW. Direct synthesis of pyrroles via a silver-promoted three-component reaction involving unusual imidazole ring opening. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:12855-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cc14716a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
43
|
Gazave E, Carteron S, Chenuil A, Richelle-Maurer E, Boury-Esnault N, Borchiellini C. Polyphyly of the genus Axinella and of the family Axinellidae (Porifera: Demospongiaep). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2010; 57:35-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2010.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2009] [Revised: 05/20/2010] [Accepted: 05/31/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
44
|
Liao Q, Zhang L, Wang F, Li S, Xi C. Copper-Catalyzed Double N-Vinylation of Aromatic Amines: An Efficient Synthesis of Various Substituted N-Arylpyrroles. European J Org Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201000665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
45
|
Bromopyrrole alkaloids as lead compounds against protozoan parasites. Mar Drugs 2010; 8:2162-74. [PMID: 20714430 PMCID: PMC2920549 DOI: 10.3390/md8072162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2010] [Revised: 06/24/2010] [Accepted: 07/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, 13 bromopyrrole alkaloids, including the oroidin analogs hymenidin (2), dispacamide B (3) and dispacamide D (4), stevensine (5) and spongiacidin B (6), their derivatives lacking the imidazole ring bromoaldisin (7), longamide B (8) and longamide A (9), the dimeric oroidin derivatives sceptrin (10) and dibromopalau’amine (11), and the non-oroidin bromopyrrolohomoarginin (12), manzacidin A (13), and agelongine (14), obtained from marine sponges belonging to Axinella and Agelas genera have been screened in vitro against four parasitic protozoa, i.e., two Trypanosoma species (T. brucei rhodesiense and T. cruzi), Leishmania donovani and Plasmodium falciparum (K1 strain, a chloroquine resistant strain), responsible of human diseases with high morbidity and, in the case of malaria, high mortality. Our results indicate longamide B (8) and dibromopalau’amine (11) to be promising trypanocidal and antileishmanial agents, while dispacamide B (3) and spongiacidin B (6) emerge as antimalarial lead compounds. In addition, evaluation of the activity of the test alkaloids (2–14) against three different enzymes (PfFabI, PfFabG, PfFabZ) involved in the de novo fatty acid biosynthesis pathway of P. falciparum (PfFAS-II) identified bromopyrrolohomoarginin (12) as a potent inhibitor of PfFabZ. The structural similarity within the series of tested molecules allowed us to draw some preliminary structure-activity relationships. Tests against the mammalian L6 cells revealed important clues on therapeutic index of the metabolites. This is the first detailed study on the antiprotozoal potential of marine bromopyrrole alkaloids.
Collapse
|
46
|
Yan RL, Luo J, Wang CX, Ma CW, Huang GS, Liang YM. Cu (I)-Catalyzed Synthesis of Polysubstituted Pyrroles from Dialkyl Ethylenedicarboxylates and β-Enamino Ketones or Esters in the Presence of O2. J Org Chem 2010; 75:5395-7. [PMID: 20590089 DOI: 10.1021/jo101022k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ru-Long Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jia Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chuan-Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chao-Wei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guo-Sheng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong-Min Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Du X, Xie X, Liu Y. Gold-Catalyzed Cyclization of Alkynylaziridines as an Efficient Approach toward Functionalized N-Phth Pyrroles. J Org Chem 2009; 75:510-3. [DOI: 10.1021/jo902357x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangwei Du
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuanhong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Liu W, Jiang H, Huang L. One-Pot Silver-Catalyzed and PIDA-Mediated Sequential Reactions: Synthesis of Polysubstituted Pyrroles Directly from Alkynoates and Amines. Org Lett 2009; 12:312-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ol9026478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weibing Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Huanfeng Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Liangbin Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Qi SH, Wang YF, Zhang S. Steroids and alkaloids from the South China Sea sponge Axinella sp. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2009; 11:1040-1044. [PMID: 20183274 DOI: 10.1080/10286020903367136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A new steroid 24beta-methylcholasta-1,8,14,22,25-penten-3-one-5alpha-ol (1) and a new alkaloid 1-(1H-indol-3-yl)-2,3-dihydroxy-5-methyl-hexane (2), together with four known compounds, were isolated from the EtOH extract of the South China Sea sponge Axinella sp. The structures of 1 and 2 were determined on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis, including 1D and 2D NMR spectral data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Hua Qi
- Key Laboratory of Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Gruit M, Michalik D, Tillack A, Beller M. Platinum-Catalyzed Intramolecular Cyclizations of Alkynes: Efficient Synthesis of Pyrroloazepinone Derivatives. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009; 48:7212-6. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200902937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|